Pyrrolidine compound and a process for preparing the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel pyrrolidine compound, which has a potent antagonistic activity against central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor, having the formula [I]: wherein each of R1 and R2 is (A) optionally substituted aryl (or heteroaryl) group, or (B) both of the groups combine to form a group of the formula: one of R3 and R4 is hydrogen and another is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, etc., or both of R3 and R4 combine to form oxo group, R5 is hydrogen or alkyl, Y is single bond, oxygen atom or a group of the formula: —N(R7)—, R6 is optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or optionally substituted cyclic group, R7 is alkyl or alkyloxycarbonylalkyl, provided that R6 is not 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl group when Y is single bond and one of the R3 and R4 is hydrogen and another is hydroxymethyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a novel pyrrolidine compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having a potent antagonistic activity against central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and being useful as a medicament.

BACKGROUND ART

It is well known that, by intake of marijuana, various psychiatric or neurological reactions such as confusion of temporal or space sense, euphoria, alteration of memories, analgesia, hallucination and the like would be produced. The compounds generally referred to as “cannabinoid” including 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) are responsible for many of such reactions. The effect of cannabinoid is considered to be produced by an interaction between the compound and its endogenous specific/high-affinity receptors. Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) have been identified and cloned. The CB1 receptor is distributed in central nervous system (CNS) regions including brain (Nature, Vol. 346, 1990, pp 561-564) while the CB2 receptor is distributed in immune system including spleen (Nature, Vol. 365, 1993, pp 61-65).

Substances having affinity to such cannabinoid receptors (agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists) may produce various pharmacological effects like marijuana. In particular, substances having affinity to central CB1 receptor may be useful for treatment of a CNS disease such as a psychotic disorder, a neurological disorder and the like.

Examples of the known substances having affinity to CB1 receptor include a 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole compound (WO01/70700, WO03/026648, WO03/026647), a 1H-imidazole compound (WO03/027076, WO03/007887, WO03/063781, WO03/040107), a pyrazine compound (WO03/051850, WO03/051851), a 1H-pyrazole compound (U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,941, U.S. Pat. No. 6,509,367), a pyridine compound (WO03/084930, WO03/084943, WO03/082191), an azethidine compound (WO01/64632, WO03/020314), an arylamide compound (WO03/087027, WO03/082190), a 1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine compound (WO03/027114), a pyrrole compound (WO03/027069) and a 1,2,4-triazole compound (WO03/082833). Meanwhile, JP1993-17434 discloses that specific pyrrolidine compounds such as 4-amino-5-chloro-N-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide increased gastric motility in mice, but there are no suggestion on whether or not the pyrrolidine compound has an antagonistic activity against CB1 receptor.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present invention provides a novel pyrrolidine compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having a potent antagonistic activity against central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and being useful as a medicament and a process for preparing the same.

The present invention relates to a compound of the formula [I]:

wherein each of R¹ and R² is (A) independently an aryl (or heteroaryl) group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three group(s) selected from (1) a halogen atom, (2) cyano group, (3) an alkyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and an alkyloxy group, (4) an alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a cycloalkyl group, an alkyloxy group, a mono- or di-alkylamino group, a pyrrolidinyl group and a morpholino group, (5) an amino group optionally substituted by a group selected from an alkyl group, an alkyloxyalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group and a mono- or di-alkylamino-alkyl group, (6) a carbamoyloxy group optionally substituted by one to two alkyl groups, (7) an alkylsulfonyl group, (8) a cycloalkyloxy group, (9) a carbamoyl group optionally substituted by an alkyl group(s), (10) a nitro group, (11) an alkylthio group, (12) an aminosulfonyl group optionally substituted by an alkyl group(s), (13)) an alkylsulfinyl group, (14) an alkyleneoxy group and (15) an alkylenedioxy group, or (B) both of the groups combine each other together with an adjacent CH group to form a group of the formula:

one of R³ and R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and another is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a dialkylaminoalkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an alkyloxyalkyl group, an alkyloxyalkyloxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, a carbamoyl group or a mono- or dialkylcarbamoyl group (the alkyl moiety of said group being optionally substituted by a group selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mono- or di-alkylamino group and a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group) or both of R³ and R⁴ combine each other to form an oxo group, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, Y is a single bond, an oxygen atom or a group of the formula: —N(R⁷)—, R⁶ is (1) a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent(s) and optionally containing one or more double or triple bond in the molecule or (2) a cyclic group optionally having a substituent(s) and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom, R⁷ is an alkyl group or an alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group, provided that R⁶ is not 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl group when Y is a single bond and one of the R³ and R⁴ is hydrogen atom and another is hydroxymethyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In the compounds [I] of the present invention, examples of the aryl (or heteroaryl) group in R¹ and R² include a 5- or 6-membered aryl group (or 5- to 10 membered heteroaryl group having one or more heteroatom(s) selected from sulfur atom, oxygen atom and nitrogen atom) such as a phenyl group, a thienyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a quinolyl group, a thiazolyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a benzothiazolyl group and the like. Said aryl (or heteroaryl) group may be substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from (1) a halogen atom, (2) a cyano group, (3) an alkyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a cycloalkyl group and an alkyloxy group, (4) an alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an alkyloxy group and a mono- or di-alkylamino group, (5) an amino group optionally substituted by an alkyl group, an alkyloxyalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group and a mono- or dialkylamino-alkyl group, (6) a carbamoyloxy group optionally substituted by one to two alkyl groups, (7) an alkylsulfonyl group, (8) a cycloalkyloxy group, (9) a carbamoyl group optionally substituted by an alkyl group(s), (10) a nitro group, (11) an alkylthio group, (12) an aminosulfonyl group optionally substituted by an alkyl group(s), (13) an alkylsulfinyl group, (14) an alkyleneoxy group and (15) an alkylenedioxy group.

Examples of the saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group in R³ and R⁴ include a heterocyclic group such as a pyrrolidinyl group, a morpholinyl group, a pyridyl group and the like. Among them, preferred examples of such group include a saturated or unsaturated, 5- to 6-membered, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group.

In case that the R⁶ is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent(s), examples of such group include a straight or branched chain C_1-12-hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent(s). More concretely, the hydrocarbon group may be (1) a straight or branched chain C_1-12-alkyl group optionally having a substituent(s), (2) a straight or branched chain C_2-12-alkenyl group optionally having a substituent(s) or (3) a straight or branched chain C_2-12-alkynyl group optionally having a substituent(s).

In case that the R⁶ is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having a substituent(s), such hydrocarbon groups include a hydrocarbon group having the same or different one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of: (1) a cycloalkyl group optionally fused to a benzene ring, (2) an amino group optionally substituted by the same or different one or two groups selected from an alkyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a morpholinocarbonyl group, a mono- or dialkyl-carbamoyl group, a mono- or di-alkylaminosulfonyl group, a halogenoalkylcarbonyl group and an alkyloxycarbonylcarbamoyl group, (3) an aryl (or biaryl) group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, a trihalogenoalkyl group, a trihalogenoalkyloxy group, an alkyloxyalkyloxy group, a morpholinoalkyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a mono- or di-alkylamino group and an alkyloxycarbonylamino group, (4) a saturated or unsaturated, 3- to 14-membered, sulfur-, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an oxo group, an alkyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group, a trihalogeno-alkyl group, an alkylthio group and an aryl group, (5) a hydroxyl group, (6) an alkyloxy group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from an alkyloxy group and aryl group, (7) an alkenyoxy group, (8) an aryloxy group optionally fused to a cycloalkyl ring and optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an alkyl group and a trihalogenoalkyloxy group, (9) a group of the formula: —SR_a in which R_a is an aryl group, an arylalkyl group or a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, (10) an alkyloxycarbonyl group, (11) an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group, (12) a cycloalkylcarbonyl group, (13) an arylcarbonyl group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and a trihalogenoalkyl group, (14) an arylsulfonyl group, and (15) a halogen atom.

In case that the substituent(s) in the straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group (R⁶) is a saturated or unsaturated, 3- to 14-membered, sulfur-, oxygen- or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or a group containing said heterocyclic group, such heterocyclic group may be selected from a group of the formula:

and said heterocyclic group may be further hydrogenated.

In case that R⁶ is an optionally substituted cyclic group, examples of such cyclic group include a group selected from (1) an optionally substituted, 6- to 14-membered, mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic aryl group, (2) an optionally substituted monocyclo-, bicyclo- or tri-cyclo-C_3-10 alkyl group (said cycloalkyl group being optionally fused to a benzene ring), and (3) a saturated or unsaturated, 3- to 14-membered, sulfur-, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent and optionally forming a spiro-ring with a cycloalkyl ring.

In case that the cyclic group represented by R⁶ is an aryl group, such aryl group may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group and the like.

In case that the cyclic group represented by R⁶ is a monocyclo-, bicyclo- or tricyclo-alkyl group such monocyclo-, bicyclo- or tricyclo-alkyl group may be a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a tricyclo[2.2.1.0]heptyl group and the like.

In case that the cyclic group represented by R⁶ is a heterocyclic group, such heterocyclic group may be (1) a heteromonocyclic group selected from a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a pyrrolinyl group, a 3H-pyrrolinyl group, an imidazolidinyl group, an imidazolinyl group, a pyrrazolidinyl group, a pyrrazolinyl group, a thiazolidinyl group, a piperidyl group, a piperazinyl group, an azethidinyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a thienyl group, a thiazolyl group, a furyl group, a pyranyl group and a morpholinyl group, (2) a heterobicyclic group selected from a 1H-indazolyl group, an indolizinyl group, an indolyl group, a 3H-indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolinyl group, an isoindolinyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolyl group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a tetrahydroisoquinolyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a pteridinyl group, a pyrazolopyrimidinyl group, a chromanyl group, an isochromanyl group, a chromenyl group, a benzotriazolyl group, a 2H-benzotriazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, an isobenzofuranyl group, a dihydrobenzofuranyl group, a phthalimido group, a benzothienyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoisoxazolyl group, a benzoxazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furopyridyl group and a group of the formula:

(3) a heterotricyclic group selected from a furonaphthyl group, a dihydrofuronaphthyl group, a carbazolyl group, a β-carbolinyl group and a group of the formula:

or (4) an oxaspirodecyl group.

Among the heterocyclic group mentioned above, a preferred example of the heterocyclic group may be a group of the formula:

and said heterocyclic group may be further hydrogenated.

In case that R⁶ is a substituted cyclic group, examples of such cyclic group include those substituted by the same or different one to four groups selected from the group consisting of (1) a halogen atom, (2) an oxo group, (3) a nitro group, (4) a cyano group, (5) an alkyl group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an arylcarbonyl group, a mono-, di- or tri-halogeno-arylcarbonyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group optionally substituted by an oxo group, an alkyloxy group and an imino group, (6) an aminoalkyl group (the amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by the same or different one to two groups selected from an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an aryl-alkyloxy-carbonyl group, an alkyl group an alkyloxyalkyl group and a cycloalkyl group), (7) a cycloalkyl group, (8) an alkenyl group optionally substituted by an alkyloxy-carbonyl group, (9) an amino group optionally substituted by one to two groups selected from an alkyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkyloxyalkyl group and a halogenoalkylcarbonyl group, (10) an aryl group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, (11) a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an oxo group and a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, (12) an alkyloxy group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an alkyloxy group, an aryl group, a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group and a mono- or di-alkylamino group, (13) a cycloalkyloxy group, (14) a cycloalkenyloxy group, (15) an aryloxy group, (16) an arylcarbonyl group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three halogen atom(s), (17) an alkylcarbonyl group, (18) an alkyloxycarbonyl group, (19) an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group, (20) a group of the formula: —SO₂R_b in which R_b is an alkyl group, an aryl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms, an amino group optionally substituted by one to two alkyl groups or a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group optionally substituted by the same or different one to three alkyl groups, (21) an alkynyl group optionally substituted by a group selected from a mono- or di-alkylamino group and a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, (22) an alkylthio group (the alkyl moiety of said group being optionally substituted by a group selected from a hydroxyl group and an alkyloxy group), (23) a carbamoyl group (the amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by an alkyl group) and (24) a carbamoyloxy group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups.

In case that the substituent(s) in the straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group represented by R⁶ in the present compound [I] is an aryl group or an aryl-containing group, such aryl group may be a 6- to 14-membered, monocyclic-, bicyclic- or tricyclic-aryl group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group and the like. Among them, preferred example may be a phenyl group. Besides, examples of the biaryl group include a biphenyl group.

In case that the substituent(s) in the straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group represented by R⁶ is a group containing a saturated or unsaturated, 4- to 10-membered, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, such 4- to 10-membered heterocyclic group may be a furyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a morpholinyl group, a pyridyl group, a piperazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group and the like.

More specific examples of the compound [I] in the present invention include, for example, a compound in which:

(A) R¹ and R² are (a) the same or different and a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group and a cyano group, or (b) both of the groups combine together with an adjacent CH group to form a group of the formula:

one of R³ and R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and another is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6 alkyl group, Y is a single bond or —O—, and R⁶ is a straight or branched chain C_1-10 alkyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (xvii):

• (i) a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group; (ii) a benzo-C_3-8 cycloalkyl group; (iii) an amino group (said group being optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl-carbamoyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a C_1-6 alkylsulfonyl group, a morpholino-carbonyl group, a carbamoyl group substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups and an aminosulfonyl group substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups); (iv) an aryl group selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group and a fluorenyl group (said aryl group being optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyl group, a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group and a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino group); (v) a biphenyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s); (vi) a saturated or unsaturated, 5- to 14-membered sulfur-, nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group (said heterocyclic group being optionally substituted by one to two groups selected from a halogen atom, an oxo group, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkylthio group and a phenyl group); (vii) a hydroxyl group; (viii) a C_1-6 alkyloxy group (alkyl moiety of said group being optionally substituted by one to two groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyloxy group and a phenyl group); (ix) a C_2-6 alkenyloxy group; (x) an aryloxy group selected from a phenoxy group and a naphthyloxy group (aryl moiety of said group being optionally substituted by one to two groups selected from a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyl group and a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, and being optionally fused to a C_3-8 cycloalkyl ring); (xi) a phenylthio group; (xii) a pyridylthio group; (xiii) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group (alkyl moiety of said group being optionally substituted by a phenyl group); (xiv) a C_3-8 cycloalkyl-carbonyl group; (xv) a benzoyl group; (xvi) a benzenesulfonyl group; and (xvii) a halogen atom; or

(B) R¹ and R² are the same or different and a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms, both R³ and R⁴ are a hydrogen atom, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, Y is a single bond and R⁶ is a straight or branched chain C_2-6 alkenyl (or C_2-6 alkynyl) group optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (iii):

• (i) a phenyl group optionally-substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyloxy group and a morpholino-C_1-6 alkyloxy group; (ii) a saturated or unsaturated 5- to 10-membered nitrogen- or oxygen-containing heterocyclic group optionally substituted by a halogen atom(s); and (iii) a phenyl-C_1-6 alkylthio group; or

(C) R¹ and R² are the same or different and (a) a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a group consisting of the following (i) to (xvi):

• (i) a halogen atom; (ii) a cyano group; (iii) a nitro group; (iv) a C_1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; (v) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group; (vi) a C_1-6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group, a pyrrolidinyl group and a morpholino group; (vii) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyloxy group; (viii) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group and a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group; (ix) a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyl group; (x) a C_1-6 alkylthio group; (xi) a C_1-3 alkyleneoxy group; (xii) a C_1-3 alkylenedioxy group; (xiii) a di(C_1-6 alkyl)aminosulfonyl group; (xiv) a C_1-6 alkylsulfonyl group; (xv) a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group and (xvi) a C_1-6 alkylsulfinyl group or (b) a sulfur-, oxygen- or nitrogen-containing 5- to 10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C_1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyloxy group, and a C_1-6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group and a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group,
• one of R³ and R⁴ is (a) a hydrogen atom and another is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a carbamoyl group (said group being optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a morpholino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a halogeno-C_1-6 alkyl group and a pyridyl-C_1-6 alkyl group), a morpholino group or a pyrrolidinyl group or (b) R³ and R⁴ combine each other to form an oxo group, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6 alkyl group, Y is a single bond and R⁶ is a 6- to 11-membered mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic aryl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (xxv):
• (i) a halogen atom; (ii) an oxo group; (iii) a nitro group; (iv) a cyano group; (v) a C_1-6 alkyl group (said group being optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a phenyl group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, an oxopyrrolidinyl group and a benzimidazolyl group); (vi) an amino-C_1-6 alkyl group (amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group and a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl group); (vii) a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group; (viii) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl-C_2-6 alkenyl group; (ix) an amino group (said group being optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group and a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl group); (x) a phenyl group; (xi) a heterocyclic group selected from a pyrazolyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a piperidyl group and a morpholino group (said heterocyclic group being optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, an oxo group and a pyrimidinyl group); (xii) a C_1-8 alkyloxy group (said group being optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a phenyl group, a morpholino group and an amino group substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups), (xiii) a C_3-8 cycloalkyloxy group; (xiv) a C_3-8 cycloalkenyloxy group; (xv) a phenoxy group; (xvi) a benzoyl group; (xvii) a C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group; (xviii) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (xix) an aminosulfonyl group optionally substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups; (xx) a piperazinylsulfonyl group optionally substituted by one to three C_1-6 alkyl groups; (xxi) a C_2-6 alkynyl group optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from an amino group substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups and a pyrrolidinyl group; (xxii) a C_1-6 alkylthio group optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group; (xxiii) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkylthio group; (xxiv) a carbamoyl group optionally substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups; and (xxv) a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group; or

(D) R¹ and R² are the same or different and a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms, one of R³ and R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, another is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, Y is a single bond and R⁶ is a C_3-10 mono- bi- or tri-cycloalkyl group (said cycloalkyl group being optionally fused to a benzene ring) optionally substituted by one to four groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (vi):

• (i) an oxo group; (ii) a C_1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenobenzoyl group; (iii) an amino-a C_1-6 alkyl group (amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (iv) an amino group optionally substituted by a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (v) a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; and (vi) a benzoyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; or

(E) R¹ and R² are the same or different and (a) a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl group, an amino group substituted by one or two groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyl group and a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group and a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group or (b) a sulfur-, oxygen- or nitrogen-containing 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyloxy group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy group and a trihalogeno-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, one of R³ and R⁴ is a hydrogen atom, another is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, Y is a single bond and R⁶ is a saturated or unsaturated 3- to 14-membered, monocyclic- bicyclic- or tricyclic-heterocyclic group (said heterocyclic group optionally constituting a spiro-ring with a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group) optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (xiv):

• (i) an oxo group; (ii) a halogen atom; (iii) a cyano group; (iv) a C_1-6 alkyl group (said group being optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, an imino group, a phenyl group and a pyrrolidinyl group); (v) an amino-C_1-6 alkyl group (amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups); (vi) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two C_1-6 alkyl groups; (vii) a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; (viii) a heterocyclic group selected from a furyl group, a pyridyl group and a pyrimidinyl group; (ix) a C_1-6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from halogen atoms and a phenyl group; (x) a C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group; (xi) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (xii) a C_1-6 alkylsulfonyl group; (xiii) an aminosulfonyl group; (xiv) a benzenesulfonyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; and (xv) a morpholinosulfonyl group; or

(F) R¹ and R² are the same or different and a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms, both R³ and R⁴ are a hydrogen atom, R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, Y is a group of the formula: —NR⁷—, R⁶ is a C_1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by a phenyl groups or a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms and R⁷ is a C_1-6 alkyl group or a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl-C_1-6 alkyl group.

In case that the cyclic group represented by R⁶ in the compound [I] of the present invention is a substituted aryl group, preferred examples of such aryl group may be an aryl group substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from an oxo group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl group, a diphenyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, a benzimidazolyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-9 alkyloxy group, a di- or tri-fluoro-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a phenoxy group, a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, an aminosulfonyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)aminosulfonyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl-amino group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl-C_2-6 alkenyl group, a C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a C_1-6 alkylthio group, a-di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group, a benzoyl group, a phenyl group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group, a C_3-8 cycloalkenyloxy group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyloxy group, a pyrrolyl group, an oxopyrrolidinyl group, a piperidyl group, a C_1-6 alkyl-piperazinyl-sulfonyl group, a pyrimidinyl-pyrazolyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a phenyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_2-6 alkynyl group, a N—(C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl)-N—(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a N—(C_3-8 cycloalkyl)-N—(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a N-(trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl)-N—(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group, a pyrrolidinyl-C_2-6 alkynyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a morpholino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a morpholino-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkylthio group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkylthio group, a hydroxy-C_1-6 alkylthio group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyl group and a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group.

In case that the R⁶ is a substituted cycloalkyl group, preferred examples of such cycloalkyl group may be a mono-, bi- or tri-cycloalkyl group (said cycloalkyl group being optionally fused to a benzene ring) substituted by the same or different one to four groups selected from an oxo group, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a halogenobenzoyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino group, a halogenobenzoyl group, a phenyl group and a halogenophenyl group.

In case that the R⁶ is a substituted heterocyclic group, preferred examples of such heterocyclic group may be a heterocyclic group substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from an oxo group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a diphenyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, C_1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl group, a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkyloxycarbonyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino group, a phenyl group, a chlorophenyl group, a pyrrolidinyl-C_1-6 alkyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a furyl group, a C_1-6 alkyl-sulfonyl group, an aminosulfonyl group, a morpholinosulfonyl group, a benzenesulfonyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-imino-C_1-6 alkyl group, a chlorobenzenesulfonyl group, a benzyl group and a benzyloxy group.

Among the above-mentioned compounds [I] of the present invention, examples of the preferred compound may be those in which R¹ is a group of the formula:

R² is a group of the formula:

each of R¹¹ and R²¹ is independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyloxy group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkylthio group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyloxy group or a group of the formula: (R¹⁴)(R¹⁵)N—, each of R¹² and R²² is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a morpholino-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, each of R¹³ and R²³ is independently a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are the same or different and a hydrogen atom, a C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_3-8 cycloalkyl group or a di(C_1-6 alkyl)amino-C_1-6 alkyl group and Y is single bond.

Among them, examples of the more preferred compound may be those in which one of R³ and R⁴ in the formula [I] is a hydrogen atom, and the other is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group or morpholino group.

Among the compounds mentioned above, examples of the further preferred compounds include a compound of the formula [I-A]:

wherein Ring A is a group of the formula:

Ring B is a group of the formula:

one of Z¹ and Z² is a group of the formula: ═NH— and another is a group of the formula: ═CH— or ═N—, R^11a and R^21a are the same or different and (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a halogen atom, (3) a cyano group, (4) a C_1-6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom and a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, (5) a mono- or trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl group, (6) a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group, (7) a C_1-6 alkylthio group, (8) an amino group substituted by a C_1-6 alkyl group and a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, (9) a C_3-8 cycloalkyloxy group, (10) a C_3-8 cycloalkyl-C_1-6 alkyloxy group or (11) a C_1-6 alkyloxy-C_1-6 alkyl group, R^13a is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R^14a is a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, R³¹ is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group or morpholino group, R⁶¹ is (1) a phenyl group substituted by one or two group(s) selected from a halogen atom, a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl group, a C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyloxy group, a di(C_1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group, a C_1-6 alkylthio group and a cyano group, (2) a pyridyl group substituted by one or two groups selected from a halogen atom and a cyano group or (3) a thienyl group substituted by a halogen atom or a trifluoro-C_1-6 alkyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Among the compounds [I] of the present invention, the most preferred one may be a compound selected from the group consisting of:

• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)amino]phenyl]methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-morpholino-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2-fluoro-4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[(2-fluoro-4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-morpholino-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoro-methoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)benzolyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-4-[(2-fluoro-4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3S,4S)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[(2-fluoro-4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine:
• (3R)-1-[[(S)-4-cyanophenyl](4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine:
• (3R)-1-[[(S)-4-cyanophenyl](4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)]methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thenoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-methylthiophenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(S)-(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(2-fluoro-4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(2-fluoro-4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2-fluoro-4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(2-fluoro-4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(2-fluoro-4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(2-fluoro-4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-ethoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-fluoromethylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-fluoromethylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(2-isopropyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(2-isopropyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(2-isopropyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(2-isopropyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(6-isopropyloxymethylpyridin-3-yl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-ethoxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(6-cyanonicotinoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(6-methoxymethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(6-methoxymethylpyridin-3-yl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-methoxymethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2-fluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-fluoromethylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-ethoxybenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-methylthiobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(5-bromo-2-thenoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)-carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-ethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-ethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(1-fluoromethyl-2-fluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-dimethylamino-carbonyloxybenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-dimethylamino-carbonyloxybenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[bis-(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-ethoxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-ethoxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)-carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[bis-(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[bis-(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-dimethylaminocarbonyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-dimethylaminocarboliyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-dimethylaminocarbonyloxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-dimethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-dimethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-dimethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-diethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-diethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-diethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-[N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylaminophenyl]]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-isopropyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-[N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylaminophenyl]]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-isopropyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-methyl-N-n-propylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-methyl-N-n-propylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-[N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylaminophenyl]]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-isopropyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-methyl-N-n-propylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclobutyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclobutyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclobutyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)-carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopentyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopentyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopentyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopropylmethoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopropylmethoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopropylmethoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(3-pentyloxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(3-pentyloxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(3-pentyloxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)-carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine;
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine; and
• (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyano-pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine; ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

When the compound [I] of the present invention has an asymmetric carbon atom(s) in its molecule, it may exist in the form of a stereoisomer thereof (diastereoisomers, optical isomers) owing to said asymmetric carbon atom(s) thereof, and the present invention also includes one of the stereoisomers and a mixture thereof.

A compound [I] of the present invention shows a potent antagonistic activity against CB1 receptor and may be useful as: (i) an agent for prevention and/or treatment of a CB1 receptor-mediated diseases such as psychosis including schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, stress, depression, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, spinocerebellar disorders, cognitive disorders, craniocerebral trauma, panic attack, peripheral neuropathy, glaucoma, migraine, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Raynaud's syndrome, tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, geriatric dementia, thymic disorders, Tourette's syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, bipolar disorders, cancer, drug-induced dyskinesia, dystonia, septic shock, hemorrhagic shock, hypotension, insomnia, immunological diseases including inflammations, multiple screlosis, emesis, diarrhea, asthma, appetite disorders such as bulimarexia and the like, obesity, non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), memory disorders, urinary disorders, cardiovascular disorders, infertility disorders, infections, demyelination-related diseases, neuroinflammation, viral encephalitis, cerebral vascular incidents, cirrhosis of the liver or intestinal transit disorders; (ii) an agent for withdrawal from a chronic treatment, alcohol dependence or drug abuse (e.g., an opioid, barbiturate, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamine, phencyclidine, a hallucinogenic agent, a benzodiazepine compound and the like); (iii) an agent for enhancing analgesic activity of analgesic or narcotic drugs and the like; or (iv) an agent for smoking cessation (withdrawal from smoking or nicotine dependence).

In addition, the compound [I] of the present invention shows a low toxicity and is safe as medicaments.

The compound [I] of the present invention can be clinically used either in the free form or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound [I] includes a salt with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate or hydrobromide, or a salt with an organic acid such as acetate, fumarate, oxalate, citrate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, tosylate or maleate. Besides, when the compound [I] of the present invention has a carboxyl group(s) and the like in its molecule, examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt include, salts with a base such as alkaline metal (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt) or alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium salt).

The compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof includes either intramolecular salt or an additive thereof, and solvates or hydrates thereof.

The present compound [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be either orally or parenterally, and can be formulated into a conventional pharmaceutical preparation such as tablets, granules, capsules, powders, injections or inhalants.

The dose of the compound [I] of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may vary in accordance with the administration routes, and the ages, weights and conditions of the patients. For example, when administered in an injection preparation, it is usually in the range of about 0.0001 to 1.0 mg/kg/day, preferably in the range of about 0.001 to 0.1 mg/kg/day. When administered in an oral preparation, it is usually in the range of about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg/day, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day.

The compound [I] of the present invention can be prepared by the following methods but should not be construed to be limited thereto.

(Method A)

According to the present invention, a compound [I] can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula [II]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above with a compound of the formula [III]:R⁶—Y—COOR⁰  [III]wherein R⁰ is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a benzyl group and other symbols are the same as defined above or a salt thereof.

When R⁰ is a hydrogen atom, the above-mentioned reaction can be carried out in a solvent in the presence of a condensing agent, and in the presence or absence of an activating agent and a base. Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformaide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1-methyl-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and the like.

The condensing agent may be, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC HCl), diphenyl-phosphoryl azide (DPPA), carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), diethylcyanophosphonate (DEPC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIPCI), benzotriazol-1-yloxytrispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), carbonylditriazole, N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N′-propyloxymethylpolystyrene (PS-carbodiimide), N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro quinoline (EEDQ), 2-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluoro-phosphate (HATU), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluoro-phosphate (HBTU), bromotrispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBroP), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), chloro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexachloroantimonate (ACTU) and the like.

Examples of the activating agent include 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 1-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), hydroxyphthalimide (HOPht), pentafluorophenol (Pfp-OH), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-sulfonamidomethylpolystyrene (PS-HOBt) and the like.

The base includes, for example, pyridine, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 4-methylmorpholine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene (DBU) and the like.

In the above-mentioned process, the compound [II] can be used in an amount of 0.33 to 1.5 moles, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 moles per one mole of the compound [III]. The condensing agent can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [II] or [III]. The base can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [II] or [III]. The activating agent can be used in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0 moles, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 moles per one mole of the compound [II] or [III]. The reaction can be carried out at 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to 80° C.

When R⁰ in the compound [III] is hydrogen atom, the reaction process A can be carried out by converting the compound [III] to a reactive derivative at the carboxyl group and the like (e.g., an acid halide, a mixed acid anhydride) and reacting the reactive derivative with the compound [II] in the presence of the base in or without the solvent.

When R⁰ in the compound [III] is a lower alkyl group or a benzyl group, the reaction process A can be also carried out by converting the compound [III] to a corresponding carboxylic acid compound by a conventional manner such as hydrolysis, acidolysis using hydrochloric acid, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like or hydrogenation and then reacting the carboxylic acid compound with the compound [II] by the above-mentioned manner.

(Method B)

According to the present invention, a compound [I] can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula [IV]:

wherein X is a reactive residue and other symbols are the same as defined above with a compound of the formula [V]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above.

The above-mentioned reaction can be carried out in a solvent in the presence of a base and in the presence or absence of an additive. Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformaide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and the like. The base includes potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like. The additive includes sodium iodide, copper(I) iodide, copper(II) iodide, copper powder, potassium iodide, a tetraalkylammonium halide (e.g., tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetraethyl-ammonium chloride) and the like.

The reactive residue represented by X may be a halogen atom such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, methanesulfonyloxy group, hydroxyl group and the like.

When X is hydroxyl group, Mitsunobu reagents such as triphenylphosphinediethylazodicarboxylate, triphenylphosphinediisopropyl azodicarboxylate and the like can be used in the present reaction.

In the above-mentioned process, the compound [IV] can be used in an amount of 0.33 to 3.0 moles, preferably 0.66 to 1.5 moles per one mole of the compound [V]. The base can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [IV] or [V]. The additive can be used in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0 moles, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 moles per one mole of the compound [IV] or [V]. The reaction can be carried out at 50 to 150° C., preferably 80 to 120° C.

(Method C)

Among the compounds [I] of the present invention, a compound of the formula [I-a]:

wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ is independently a group selected from an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, an alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group and an aryl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom, or both of the groups combine each other together with an adjacent nitrogen atom to form a heterocyclic group (said heterocyclic group being optionally fused to a benzene ring and optionally substituted by a halogenoaryl group), and other symbols are the same as defined above can be also prepared by reacting a compound [II] with a compound of the formula [VI]:(R⁸)(R⁹)NH  [VI]wherein the symbols are the same as defined above in the presence of a compound of the formula [VII]:

wherein W¹ and W² are the same or different and a removing group.

In the compound [VII], examples of W¹ and W² include an imidazolyl group, a halogen atom or a phenoxy group. Concrete examples of such compound include 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, phosgene, triphosgene and the like.

Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like.

In the above-mentioned process, the compound [II] can be used in an amount of 0.33 to 2.0 moles, preferably 0.66 to 1.0 moles per one mole of the compound [VI]. The compound [VII] can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [II] or [VI]. The reaction can be carried out at 0 to 150° C., preferably 20 to 80° C.

Moreover, the compound [I-a] can be prepared by: a) reacting the compound [II] with the compound [VII] to obtain a compound of the formula [VIII]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above and, if necessary, after converting the product to its reactive derivative, reacting the product with the compound [VI], or b) reacting the compound [VI] with the compound [VII] to obtain a compound of the formula [IX]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above and, if required, after converting the product to its reactive derivative, reacting the product with the compound [II].

Examples of the reactive derivative of the compound [VIII] or [IX] include those in which W² is converted to a group of the formula:

and such reactive derivative can be obtained by reacting the compound [IX] in which a group corresponding to W² is an imidazolyl group with methyl iodide.

The reaction of the compound [II] or the compound [IV] with the compound [VII] can be carried out at 0 to 150° C., preferably at 20 to 80° C. The compound [VII] can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [II] or [VI]. The compound [VII] can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [II] or [VI]. Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like.

The reaction to convert the compound [VIII] or [IX] to its reactive derivative can be carried out by treating such compound with methyl iodide at 0 to 150° C., preferably at 40 to 80° C. The compound [VII] can be used in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 moles, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 moles per one mole of the compound [VIII] or [IX]. Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like.

The reaction of the compound [VIII] (or its reactive derivative) with the compound [VI] or the reaction of the compound [IX] (or its reactive derivative) with the compound [II] can be conducted in the presence of a base at 0 to 150° C., preferably at 20 to 80° C. Such reactive derivative can be used in an amount of 0.33 to 3.0 moles, preferably 0.66 to 1.5 moles per one mole of the compound [VI] or [II]. Examples of the base include triethylamine and the like. Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like.

The objective compound [I] of the present invention can be also prepared by intramolecularly converting the substituent(s) in R¹, R² and/or R⁶, or the group R³ and/or R⁴ of the compound [I] as obtained above to the other desired substituent(s) or the other groups within the scope the present invention. The intramolecular conversion processes can be selected according to the kinds of the objective substituents or groups, and may be carried out, for example, in the following methods (a) to (k).

Method (a): A compound [I] in which the substituent(s) in R¹ and/or R² is cyano group can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which the substituent(s) in R¹ and/or R² is a halogen atom with zinc cyanide in the presence of a catalyst and an additive. Examples of said catalyst include a palladium catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), trans-dichlorobis-(tricyclohexylphosphine)palladium(II), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the like. Examples of the additive include a phosphine compound such as 1,1′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, racemic 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl, 2-dicyclohexyl-phosphino-2′-(N,N′-dimethylamino)biphenyl, tri-tert-butylphospine and the like.

Method (b): A compound [I] in which the substituent(s) in R¹ and/or R² is an alkylamino group or a cycloalkylamino group can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which the substituent(s) in R¹ and/or R² is a halogen atom with a mono- or di-alkylamine or a cycloalkylamine in the presence of a catalyst, an additive and a base. Examples of the catalyst and the additive may be the palladium compounds and the phosphine compounds exemplified in Method (a), respectively. Examples of the base include potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate and the like.

Method (c): A compound [I] in which R³ and R⁴ combine each other to form an oxo group can be obtained by oxidizing a corresponding compound [I] in which one of the R³ and R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and another is a hydroxyl group. The oxidation can be carried out in a solvent in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as activated dimethylsulfoxide and the like. Dimethylsulfoxide can be activated by oxalyl chloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, trifluoroacetic anhydride, acetic anhydride, chlorine, sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex and the like.

Method (d): A compound [I] in which the R³ or R⁴ is an alkyloxy group can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which R³ or R⁴ is a hydroxyl group with an alkyl halide in an appropriate solvent.

Method (e): Among the compound [I] of the present invention, a compound of the formula [I-b]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above can be obtained by treating a corresponding compound of the formula [I-c]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above with methanesulfonylchloride, heating to obtain a compound of the formula [X]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above and then hydrolyzing the product [X].

Method (f): A compound [I] in which the R³ or R⁴ is a hydroxyalkyl group can be obtained by reducing a corresponding compound [I] in which R³ or R⁴ is an alkyloxycarbonylalkyl group. The reduction can be carried out in the presence of a reducing agent such as lithium borohydride and the like.

Method (g): A compound [I] in which the R⁶ is an alkylamino-substituted heterocyclic group (e.g., an alkylaminopyridyl group) can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which R⁶ is a halogen-substituted heterocyclic group with an alkylamine in an appropriate solvent in the presence of a base (e.g., potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate).

Method (h): A compound [I] in which the R⁶ is an alkyloxy-substituted heterocyclic group (e.g., an alkyloxypyridyl group) can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which R⁶ is a halogen-substituted heterocyclic group with an alkanol in a solvent in the presence of a base (e.g., potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate).

Method (i): A compound [I] in which a substituent(s) in R⁶ is a group containing an amino group substituted by an acyl group (e.g., an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a amorpholinocarbonyl group, a mono- or dialkylcarbamoyl group a mono- or dialkylaminosulfonyl group or a halogenoalkylcarbonyl group) can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which the substituent in R⁶ is a group containing an amino group with an acylating agent containing the desired substituent in the same manner as described in Method A.

Method (j): A compound [I] in which the R³ or R⁴ is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group (e.g., 1-pyrrolidinyl group), namely a group of the formula:

wherein the Ring A is a 4- to 10-membered heterocyclic group can be obtained by converting a corresponding compound [I] in which R³ or R⁴ is a hydroxyl group to its reactive derivative (e.g., a corresponding compound having a methanesulfonyloxy group) and then reacting the reactive derivative with a cyclic amine compound of the formula:

wherein the symbol is the same as defined above in the presence of a base.

Method (k): A compound [I] in which the R³ or R⁴ is a mono- or di-alkyl-carbamoyl group can be obtained by reacting a corresponding compound [I] in which R³ or R⁴ is a carboxyl group with a mono- or dialkyl-amine compound in the same manner as described in Method A.

Method (l): A compound [I] in which the substituent(s) in R¹ and/or R² is an alkylsulfinyl (or alkylsulfonyl) group can be obtained by oxidizing the corresponding compound in which the substituent(s) in R¹ and/or R² is an alkylthio group. The oxidation can be carried out in a solvent (e.g., methylene chloride) in the presence of an oxidizing agent (e.g., m-chloroperbenzoic acid).

If necessary, the compounds [I] of the present invention obtained in the aforementioned Processes A to C or Methods (a) to (k) can be converted to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof by a conventional manner.

A compound [II] as a synthetic intermediate for preparing the compound [I] of the present invention can be obtained by reacting a compound [IV] with a compound of the formula [XI]:

wherein G is an amino-protecting group and the other symbols are the same as defined above and then removing the amino-protecting group from the product.

The reaction of the compound [IV] with the compound [XI] can be carried out in the same manner as described in the aforementioned Method B. Examples of the amino-protecting group include an arylalkyloxycarbonyl group such as bezyloxycarbonyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group such as ethyloxycarbonyl group or tert-butoxycarbonyl group and the like.

A compound [V] mentioned above can be obtained by reacting a compound of the formula [XII]:

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above with a compound [III] and then removing the amino-protecting group from the product. The reaction of the compound [XII] with the compound [III] can be carried out in the same manner as described in the aforementioned Method A.

Among the above-mentioned compound [IV], a compound [IV] in which the reactive residue (X) is a hydroxyl group (compound [IV-a]) can be obtained by (1) reacting an aldehyde compound [VIII] with a Grignard reagent (or an organic lithium compound) [XIV], or (2) reducing a ketone compound [XV] as shown in the following reaction scheme wherein M is a halogenated magnesium or lithium and the other symbols are the same as defined above.

The reaction of the compound [XIII] with the Grignard reagent (or the organic lithium compound) [XIV] can be carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent. Examples of the solvent include any solvent which does not disturb the reaction, such as tetrahydrofuran, diethylether, 1,4-dimethoxyethane and the like.

The reduction of the compound [XV] can be carried out in the presence of a conventional reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride and the like. The hydroxyl group (X) in a reaction product (compound [IV-a]) of such process can be converted, in a conventional manner, to other reactive residue (e.g., a halogen atom such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, methanesulfonyloxy group, hydroxyl group and the like).

In conducting the above mentioned processes, when the starting materials or intermediate compounds have a functional group(s), if necessary, the protection of the functional groups and the following deprotection thereof may be carried out in accordance with a conventional manner.

Throughout the present description and claims, the “halogen atom” means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom. The “alkyl group” means a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The “alkenyl group” means a straight or branched chain alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The “alkynyl group” means a straight or branched chain alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The “cycloalkyl group” means a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The “cycloalkenyl group” means a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The “alkyleneoxy group” means a straight or branched chain alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The “alkylenedioxy group” means a straight or branched chain alkylenedioxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The compounds of the present invention are illustrated in more detail by the following Examples but should not be construed to be limited thereto.

Example 1

To a solution of (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-aminopyrrolidine (2.05 g, compound obtained in Reference Example 11) and triethylamine (1.35 mL) in methylene chloride (30 mL) was added dropwise 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride (1.21 mL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture is extracted with chloroform (×2). The organic layer was filtered through a NH-silica gel (10 g of Chromatorex NH-silica gel; Fuji Silicia Chem.) and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was triturated in ethyl acetate/hexane to obtain (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (2.70 g; yield: 83%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 508/510 [M+H]⁺

Example 2

(1) A compound obtained in Reference Example 8 (2.01 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Examples 11-(2) and 6-(2) to give (3,4-trans)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-aminopyrrolidine dihydrochloride (2.13 g; yield: 51%). MS(APCI) m/z; 337/339 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.50 g) and sodium hydrogencarbonate (1.55 g) in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and water (50 mL) was added dropwise 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride (635 μL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The organic layer was separated and filtered through a NH-silica gel bead (5 g of Chromatorex NH-silica gel) and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was triturated in ethyl acetate/hexane to obtain (3,4-trans)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (1.61 g; yield: 84%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 525/527 [M+H]⁺

Example 3

To a solution of the compound obtained in Reference Example 11 (26.9 mg) and 6-methylnicotinic acid (20.5 mg) in chloroform (1 mL) was added successively a 0.5M 1-hydroxybenzotriazole/dimethylformamide (0.4 mL) and 0.5M 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethyl-amino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride/chloroform (0.4 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (1 mL), water (2 mL) and chloroform (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. A chloroform layer in the mixture was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by HPLC (XTerra Prep MS C18 column; solvent: 10 mM ammonium carbonate/methanol=80:20→5:95), dissolved in tert-butylalcohol (1.5 mL) and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(6-methylnicotinoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (40.7 mg; yield: 92%) as a powder. MS(ESI) m/z; 440/442 [M+H]⁺

Example 4

To a solution of 6-methylnicotinic acid (35 mg) in ethanol (1 mL) was added 2N sodium hydroxide solution (0.14 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, to the reaction mixture was added 5N HCl (0.06 mL) and the mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give 6-methyloxynicotinic acid. The product was treated in the same manner as described in Example 3 to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(6-methoxynicotinoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (28.0 mg; yield: 61%) as a powder.

MS(ESI) m/z; 456/458 [M+H]⁺

Example 5

(1) The corresponding materials were treated in the same manner as described in Reference Examples 2 and 4-(3) to give bis-(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl chloride.

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (545 mg) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 11 to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (671 mg; yield: 76%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 441 [M+H]⁺

(3) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (52 mg) in 1.5M 2,6-lutidine/methylene chloride (1 mL) was added 1.0M trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate/methylene chloride (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 25 hours. To the reaction mixture was added methanol (500 μL) and the mixture was diluted with chloroform and washed with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic layer was filtered through a NH-silica gel bead and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (2 mL) and thereto was added triethylamine (28 μL) and 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride (26 μL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The extract was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by HPLC (XTerra Prep MS C18 column; Waters Inc.; Solvent: water/methanol=1:1→5:95) to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (27.2 mg, yield: 38%) as an amorphous powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 529 [M+H]⁺

Example 6

A mixture of [bis-(4-chlorophenyl)]chloromethane (compound obtained in Reference Example 11-(1), 342 mg), (3,4-trans)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-[[4-(trifluoro-methoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (375 mg, compound obtained in Reference Example 7) and diisopropylamine (0.44 mL) in dioxane was stirred at 85° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated to remove dioxane and the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; n-hexane/ethyl acetate=4:1) to give (3,4-trans)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-(ethloxycarbonyl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (249 mg, yield: 51%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 581/583 [M+H]⁺

Example 7

(1) 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde (243 μL) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 5-(1) to give (4-chlorophenyl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methanol (279 mg, yield: 56%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 231/233 [M+H−H₂O]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (220.6 mg) and triehylamine (250 μL) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (82 μL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added (3R)-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine (364 mg, compound obtained in Reference Example 6) and acetonitrile (3 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was evaporated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=4:1→2:1), dissolved in tert-butylalcohol (1.5 μL) and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-methoxy-phenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (241.5 mg, yield: 54%) as a powder.

MS(ESI) m/z; 505/507 [M+H]⁺

Example 8

A mixture of the compound obtained in Example 1 (60 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (8.6 mg), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (10.4 mg), zinc cyanide (16.6 mg) and zinc powder (3.7 mg) in dimethylacetamide (0.5 mL) was stirred at 200° C. for 10 minutes by using Microwave Synthetic System (Discover; CEM Ltd.). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and thereto was added water. The organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=2:1→1:1), dissolved in tert-butylalcohol and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (32.1 mg, yield: 56%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 491 [M+H]⁺

Example 9

A mixture of the compound obtained in Example 1 (50 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.9 mg), 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl (1.5 mg), cyclopentylamine (24 μL) and 1.0M lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide/tetrahydrofuran (0.35 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 10 minutes by using Microwave Synthetic System (Discover; CEM Ltd.). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and thereto was added water. The organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC (XTerra Prep MS C18 column; Waters Inc., solvent; water/methanol=1:1→5:95), dissolved in tert-buthanol and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[bis-[4-(cyclopentylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (18.7 mg, yield: 32%) as a powder.

MS(ESI) m/z; 639 [M+H+MeOH]⁺

Example 10

A mixture of the compound obtained in Example 1 (50 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.9 mg), 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2′-(N,N-dimethylamino)biphenyl (1.5 mg), n-butylmethylamine (29 μL) and 1.0M lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide/tetrahydrofuran (0.35 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 10 minutes by using Microwave Synthetic System (Discover; CEM Ltd.). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and thereto was added water. The organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by HPLC (XTerra Prep MS C18 column; Waters Inc., solvent; water/methanol=1:1→5:95), dissolved in tert-buthanol and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[[4-(n-butylmethylamino)phenyl](4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (12.6 mg, yield: 23%; compound a) and (3R)-1-[bis-[4-(n-butylmethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (18.0 mg, yield: 30%; compound b) as a powder, respectively.

Compound a: MS(ESI) m/z; 560/562 [M+H]⁺

Compound b: MS(ESI) m/z; 643 [M+H+MeOH]⁺

Example 11

To a solution of dimethylsulfoxide (54 μL) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (86 μL) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and under cooling in dry ice/acetone bath and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Thereto was added a suspension of the compound obtained in Example 2 (99 mg) in methylene chloride (4 mL) and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. Thereto was added diisopropylethylamine (215 μL) and the mixture was stirred for 40 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added methanol (0.2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The extract was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=9:1→2:1) to give 1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-oxo-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]-amino]pyrrolidine (41.5 mg; yield: 43%) as an amorphous powder.

MS(ESI) m/z; 523/525 [M+H]⁺

Example 12

To a solution of (3S,4R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (75.6 mg, an optical isomer of the compound obtained in Example 2) in acetonitrile (8 mL)/dimethylformamide (2 mL) was added successively methyl iodide (233 μL) and silver oxide (216.8 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 23 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Cerite, washed with acetonitrile and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=4:1→2:1) to give (3S,4R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoro-methoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (39.5 mg; yield: 51%) as an amorphous powder.

MS(ESI) m/z; 539/541 [M+H]⁺

Example 13

(1) To a solution of the compound obtained in Example 2 (400 mg) and triethylamine (215 μL) in chloroform (8 mL) was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (83 μL) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, to the reaction mixture was added water and the organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by a flash column chromatography on NH-silica gel (Chromatorex NH-silica gel; Fuji Silicia Chem., solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate=2:1→0:1) to give 5-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-3-pyrrolino[3,4-d]oxazole (361 mg, yield: 94%) as an amorphous powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 507/509 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (360 mg) in methanol (2.5 mL) was added 6N HCl (1.5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with tetrahydrofuran, treated with cation-exchange resin (ISOLUTE SCX; IST Ltd., solvent: methanol/tetrahydrofuran=1:1→1N ammonia/methanol) and evaporated in vacuo to give (3,4-cis)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (301 mg, yield: 81%) as an amorphous powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 525/527 [M+H]⁺

Example 14

To a solution of the compound obtained in Example 482 (100 mg) in tetrahydrofuran/ethanol was added lithium borohydride (13 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and to the residue was added a potassium hydrogensulfate solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; ethyl acetate/hexane=1:1) to give (2S,4R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-methyl-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (72 mg, yield: 73%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 489/491 [M+H]⁺

Example 15

To a solution of the compound obtained in Example 27 (32 mg) in N-methylpyrrolidone was added potassium carbonate (26 mg) and 1N dimethylamine/methanol (0.5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was evaporated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; ethyl acetate/hexane=1:1) to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[6-(dimethylamino)nicotinoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (8 mg, yield: 37%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 469/471 [M+H]⁺

Example 16

To a solution of (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(5-bromonicotinoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine (50 mg) in toluene was added copper iodide (7 mg), cesium carbonate (15 mg), sodium iodide (15 mg), phenanthroline (14 mg) and ethanol (0.1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and to the residue was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; ethyl acetate/hexane=1:1) to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(5-ethoxynicotinoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (12 mg, yield: 26%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 470/472 [M+H]⁺

Example 17

To the compound obtained in Example 46 (20 mg) was added 4N HCl/dioxane and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[((2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropionyl)amino]pyrrolidine. To the compound was added triethylamine (0.05 mL) and chloroform and then added dropwise 4-morpholincarbonyl chloride (0.03 mL) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and the mixture was extracted. The organic layer was separated and evaporated and, the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; ethyl acetate/hexane=1:1) to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[(2S)-2-(morpholinocarbonylamino)-3-phenylpropionyl]amino]pyrrolidine (12 mg, yield: 58%) as a powder.

MS(ESI) m/z; 581 [M+H]⁺

Example 18

(1) To a solution of the compound obtained in Example 13 (60 mg) and triethylamine (24 μL) in methylene chloride (1 mL) was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (11 μL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate. After adding water, the organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by a flash column chromatography on NH-silica gel (Chromatorex NH-silica gel, solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=4:1→0:1), dissolved in tert-butylalcohol (1.5 μL) and lyophilized to give (3,4-cis)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-methanesulfonyloxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (38.2 mg, yield: 56%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 603/605 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (31.3 mg) in dimethylformamide (0.3 mL) was added pyrrolidine (45 μL) and the mixture was stirred at 150° C. for 10 minutes by using Microwave Synthetic System (Discover). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate. After adding water, the organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by HPLC (XTerra Prep MS C18 column, solvent; water/methanol=1:1→5:95), dissolved in tert-butylalcohol and lyophilized to give (3,4-trans)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (13.2 mg, yield: 44%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 578/580 [M+H]⁺

Example 19

(1) To a solution of the compound obtained in Example 6 (248.8 mg) in methanol (3 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added 1N sodium hydroxide solution (0.86 mL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was acidified with an aqueous saturated citric acid solution (about pH 3). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with water and a saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in diisopropylether and the resultant solid materials were collected by filtration to give (3,4-trans)-1-[bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)methyl]-3-carboxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (181.1 mg, yield: 76%) as a solid.

MS(APCI) m/z; 553/555 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (30.0 mg) in dimethylformamide (1.0 mL) was added 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (17 mg) and 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (21 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (0.011 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water/ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water and a saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was triturated and the resultant solid materials were collected by filtration to give (3,4-trans)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylcarbamoyl]-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (25.1 mg, yield: 75%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 623/625 [M+H]⁺

Example 20

To a solution of N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (16 mg) in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise a solution of the compound obtained in Reference Example 11 (32 mg) in tetrahydrofuran under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. To the mixture was added dropwise 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (13 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and thereto was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with chloroform and the extract was evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; ethyl acetate/hexane) to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(2-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro isoquinolyl)carbonylamino]pyrrolidine (30 mg, yield: 62%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 480/482 [M+H]⁺

Example 21

A mixture of the compound obtained in Reference Example 11 (32.1 mg), 4-cyanobenzoic acid (29.4 mg), 1-hydroxyazabenzotriazole (20.4 mg), N-cyclohexyl-carbodiimide-N′-propyloxymethylpolystyrene (PS-carbodiimide, 275 mg) and dimethylformamide (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight by using a parallel synthetizer (MiniBlock; Mettler Toledo). The reaction mixture was filtered and the resin was washed with dimethylformamide (1 mL×2). To the filtrate was added macroporous triethylammoniummethylpolystyrenecarbonate (265.2 mg) and tris(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyl polystyrene (82.9 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was treated with a cation-exchange resin (ISOLUTE SCX; IST Ltd.) and washed with dimethylformamide. The objective product was eluted with 10% ammonia-methanol and purged by nitrogen gas to remove solvent. The residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (ISOLUTE SI; IST Ltd., solvent; chloroform/hexane=20:1→chloroform→chloroform/ethyl acetate=10:1), evaporated in vacuo and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (30.9 mg, yield: 69%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 450/452 [M+H]⁺

Example 22

(1) 4-Bromobenzaldehyde (4.0 g) was treated in the same manner as described in reference Example 5 to give chloro(4-chlorophenyl)(4-bromophenyl)methane (5.08 g, yield: 75%). MS(APCI) m/z; 279/281 [M+H−HCl]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.73 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 to give 1-[(4-bromophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (1.65 g, yield: 82%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 553/555 [M+H]⁺

(3) A mixture of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (60 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (4.0 mg), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (4.8 mg), zinc cyanide (7.6 mg), water (50 μL) and dimethylformamide (0.5 mL) was stirred at 200° C. for 10 minutes by using a microwave synthetic system (Discover; CEM). The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate. After adding water, the organic layer was separated and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=4:1→1:1), dissolved in tert-butylalcohol and lyophilized to give 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)-methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (13.4 mg, yield: 25%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 500/502 [M+H]⁺

Examples 23 to 431

The corresponding materials were treated in the same manner as described in one of the aforementioned Examples 1 to 5 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 1 (Nos. 1 to 68).

TABLE 1 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
23			powder MS(APCI)539/541[M + H]+
24			powder MS(APCI)489/491[M + H]+
25			powder MS(APCI)553/555[M + H]+
26			powder MS(APCI)503/505[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 2)
Ex.Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
27		powder MS(APCI)460/462[M + H]+
28		powder MS(APCI)494/496[M + H]+
29		powder MS(APCI)504/506[M + H]+
30		powder MS(APCI)529/531[M + H]+
31		oil MS(APCI)554/556[M + H]+
32		powder MS(APCI)554/556[M + H]+
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
33		powder MS(APCI)485/487[M + H]+
34		solid MS(APCI)421/423[M + H]+
35		solid MS(APCI)407/409[M + H]+
36		solid MS(APCI)449/451[M + H]+
37		solid MS(APCI)435/437[M + H]+
38		solid MS(APCI)433/435[M + H]+
39		solid MS(APCI)447/449[M + H]+
40		solid MS(APCI)461/463[M + H]+
41		solid MS(APCI)475/477[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
n-Bu: n-butyl group,
t-Bu: tert-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
42		solid MS(APCI)496/498[M + H]+
43		solid MS(APCI)469/471[M + H]+
44		powder MS(APCI)469/471[M + H]+
45		powder MS(APCI)568/570[M + H]+
46		powder MS(APCI)568/570[M + H]+
47		powder MS(APCI)598/600[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 5)
Ex.
Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
48		powder MS(APCI)483/485[M + H]+
49		powder MS(APCI)5O4/5O6[M + H]+
50		powder MS(APCI)440/442[M + H]+
51		powder MS(APCI)443/445[M + H]+
52		powder MS(APCI)507/509[M + H]+
53		powder MS(APCI)542/544[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (no. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
54		powder MS(APCI)529/531[M + H]+
55		powder MS(APCI)523/525[M + H]+
56		powder MS(APCI)543/545[M + H]+
57		powder MS(APCI)578/580[M + H]+
58		powder MS(APCI)460/462[M + H]+
59		powder MS(APCI)485/487[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 7)
Ex.
Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
60		powder MS(APCI)475/477[M + H]+
61		powder MS(APCI)475/477[M + H]+
62		powder MS(APCI)469/471[M + H]+
63		powder MS(APCI)465/467[M + H]+
64		powder MS(APCI)405/407[M + H]+
65		powder MS(APCI)419/421[M + H]+
66		powder MS(APCI)521/523[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 8)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
67		powder MS(APCI)503/505[M + H]+
68		powder MS(APCI)467/469[M + H]+
69		powder MS(APCI)471/473[M + H]+
70		powder MS(APCI)537/539[M + H]+
71		powder MS(APCI)521/523[M + H]+
72		powder MS(APCI)487/489[M + H]+
73		powder MS(APCI)521/523[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 9)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
74		powder MS(APCI)455/457[M + H]+
75		powder MS(APCI)493/495[M + H]+
76		powder MS(APCI)460/462[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 10)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
77		powder MS(APCI)445[M + H]+
78		powder MS(APCI)419/421[M + H]+
79		powder MS(APCI)411[M + H]+
80		powder MS(APCI)421[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 11)
	Ex.			Physicochemical
	Nos.	R	R′	properties etc.
	81	H		powder MS(SSI)426
	82	Me		powder MS(SSI)400
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 12)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
83		powder MS(SSI)501
84		powder MS(SSI)475
85		powder MS(SSI)426
86		powder MS(SSI)468
87		powder MS(SSI)425
88		powder MS(SSI)467
89		powder MS(SSI)453
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 13)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
90		powder MS(SSI)431
91		powder MS(SSI)475
92		powder MS(SSI)439
93		powder MS(SSI)455
94		powder MS(SSI)560
95		powder MS(SSI)546
96		powder MS(SSI)568
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 14)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
97		powder MS(SSI)626
98		powder MS(SSI)640
99		powder MS(SSI)492
100		powder MS(SSI)463
101		powder MS(SSI)536
102		powder MS(SSI)622
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 15)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
103		powder MS(APCI) 568/570 [M + H]+
104		powder MS(APCI) 568/570[M + H]+
105		powder MS(SSI)532
106		powder MS(SSI)574
107		powder MS(SSI)467
108		powder MS(SSI)454
109		powder MS(SSI)494
Me: methyl group,
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 16)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
110		powder MS(SSI)479
111		powder MS(SSI)455
112		powder MS(SSI)454
113		powder MS(SSI)483
114		powder MS(SSI)487
115		powder MS(SSI)522
116		powder MS(SSI)487
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 17)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
117		powder MS(SSI)467
118		powder MS(SSI)497
119		powder MS(SSI)513
120		powder MS(SSI)471
121		powder MS(SSI)467
122		powder MS(SSI)522
123		powder MS(SSI)521
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 18)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
124		powder MS(SSI)589
125		powder MS(SSI)589
126		powder MS(SSI)489
127		powder MS(SSI)537
128		powder MS(SSI)487
129		powder MS(SSI)522
130		powder MS(SSI)471

TABLE 1 (No. 19)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
131		powder MS(SSI)471
132		powder MS(SSI)503
133		powder MS(SSI)517
134		powder MS(SSI)578
135		powder MS(SSI)485
136		powder MS(SSI)560
Me: methyl group,
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 20)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
137		powder MS(SSI)574
138		powder MS(SSI)509
139		powder MS(SSI)639
140		powder MS(SSI)564
141		powder MS(SSI)588
142		powder MS(SSI)494
143		powder MS(SSI)498
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 21)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
144		powder MS(SSI)551
145		powder MS(SSI)521
146		powder MS(SSI)641
147		powder MS(SSI)554
148		powder MS(SSI)544
149		powder MS(SSI)592
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 22)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
150		powder MS(SSI)600
151		powder MS(SSI)419
152		powder MS(SSI)551
153	n-Bu	powder MS(SSI)405
154		powder MS(SSI)552
155		powder MS(SSI)445
156		powder MS(SSI)431
Me: methyl group,
n-Bu: n-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 23)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
157		powder MS(SSI)472
158		powder MS(SSI)529
159		powder MS(SSI)531
160		powder MS(SSI)507
161		powder MS(SSI)457
162		powder MS(SSI)529
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 24)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
163		powder MS(SSI)543
164		powder MS(SSI)439
165		powder MS(SSI)439
166		powder MS(SSI)565
167		powder MS(SSI)565
168		powder MS(SSI)457
169		powder MS(SSI)469
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 25)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
170		powder MS(SSI)443
171		powder MS(SSI)443
172		powder MS(SSI)445
173		powder MS(SSI)515
174		powder MS(SSI)407
175		powder MS(SSI)553
176		powder MS(SSI)483
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 26)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
177		powder MS(SSI)483
178		powder MS(SSI)481
179		powder MS(SSI)465
180		powder MS(SSI)469
181		powder MS(SSI)440
182		powder MS(SSI)508
183		powder MS(SSI)452
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 27)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
184		powder MS(SSI)403
185		powder MS(SSI)513
186		powder MS(SSI)487
187		powder MS(SSI)475
188		powder MS(SSI)585
189		powder MS(SSI)475
190		powder MS(SSI)518
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 28)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
191		powder MS(SSI)473
192		powder MS(SSI)504
193		powder MS(SSI)474
194		powder MS(SSI)469
195		powder MS(SSI)504
196		powder MS(SSI)494
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 29)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
197		powder MS(SSI)473
198		powder MS(SSI)499
199		powder MS(SSI)513
200		powder MS(SSI)485
201		powder MS(SSI)447
202		powder MS(SSI)495
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 30)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
203		powder MS(SSI)494
204		powder MS(SSI)460
205		powder MS(SSI)478
206		powder MS(SSI)517
207		powder MS(SSI)569
208		powder MS(SSI)509
209		powder MS(SSI)578
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 31)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
210		powder MS(SSI)495
211		powder MS(SSI)555
212		powder MS(SSI)548
213		powder MS(SSI)543
214		powder MS(SSI)494
215		powder MS(SSI)494
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 32)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
216		powder MS(SSI)508
217		powder MS(SSI)587
218		powder MS(SSI)542
219		powder MS(SSI)523
220		powder MS(SSI)492
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 33)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
221		powder MS(SSI)529
222		powder MS(SSI)469
223		powder MS(SSI)469
224		powder MS(SSI)569
225		powder MS(SSI)569
226		powder MS(SSI)487
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 34)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
227		powder MS(SSI)506
228		powder MS(SSI)567
229		powder MS(SSI)539
230		powder MS(SSI)480
231		powder MS(SSI)570
232		powder MS(SSI)508
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 35)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
233		powder MS(SSI)544
234		powder MS(SSI)526
235		powder MS(SSI)501
236		powder MS(SSI)539
237		powder MS(SSI)496
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 36)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
238		powder MS(SSI)478
239		powder MS(SSI)547
240		powder MS(SSI)535
241		powder MS(SSI)479
242		powder MS(SSI)510
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 37)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
243		powder MS(SSI)542
244		powder MS(SSI)521
245		powder MS(SSI)480
246		powder MS(SSI)517
247		powder MS(SSI)510
248		powder MS(SSI)597
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 38)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
249		powder MS(SSI)481
250		powder MS(SSI)508
251		powder MS(SSI)575
252		powder MS(SSI)497
253		powder MS(SSI)473
254		powder MS(SSI)519
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 39)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
255		powder MS(SSI)493
256		powder MS(SSI)561
257		powder MS(SSI)538
258		powder MS(SSI)493
259		powder MS(SSI)443
260		powder MS(SSI)532
261		powder MS(SSI)545

TABLE 1 (No. 40)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
262		powder MS(SSI)440
263		powder MS(SSI)419
264		powder MS(SSI)403
265		powder MS(SSI)433
266		powder MS(SSI)445
267		powder MS(SSI)517
268		powder MS(SSI)517
269		powder MS(SSI)537
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 41)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
270		powder MS(SSI)493
271		powder MS(SSI)513
272		powder MS(SSI)511
273		powder MS(SSI)511
274		powder MS(SSI)501
275		powder MS(SSI)553
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 42)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
276		powder MS(SSI)519
277		powder MS(SSI)473
278		powder MS(SSI)497
279		powder MS(SSI)467
280		powder MS(SSI)527
281		powder MS(SSI)529
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 43)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
282		powder MS(SSI)547
283		powder MS(SSI)517
284		powder MS(SSI)507
285		powder MS(SSI)527
286		powder MS(SSI)533
287		powder MS(SSI)588
Me: methyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 44)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
288		powder MS(SSI)527
289		powder MS(SSI)529
290		powder MS(SSI)490
291		powder MS(SSI)490
292		powder MS(SSI)478
293		powder MS(SSI)539
294		powder MS(SSI)507
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 45)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
295		powder MS(SSI)428
296		powder MS(SSI)464
297		powder MS(SSI)415
298		powder MS(SSI)521
299		powder MS(SSI)570
300		powder MS(SSI)540
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 46)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
301		powder MS(SSI)564
302		powder MS(SSI)558
303		powder MS(SSI)476
304		powder MS(SSI)505
305		powder MS(SSI)460
306		powder MS(SSI)460
307		powder MS(SSI)504
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 47)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
308		powder MS(SSI)457
309		powder MS(SSI)494
310		powder MS(SSI)459
311		powder MS(SSI)483
312		powder MS(SSI)534
313		powder MS(SSI)455
314		powder MS(SSI)455
Me: methyl group
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 48)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
315		powder MS(SSI)441
316		powder MS(SSI)445
317		powder MS(SSI)533
318		powder MS(SSI)518
319		powder MS(SSI)449
320		powder MS(SSI)482
321		powder MS(SSI)471
322		powder MS(SSI)455
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 49)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
323		powder MS(SSI)507
324		powder MS(SSI)433
325		powder MS(SSI)451
326		powder MS(SSI)483
327		powder MS(SSI)554
328		powder MS(SSI)540
329		powder MS(SSI)452
330		powder MS(SSI)452
Boc: tert-butoxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 50)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
331		powder MS(SSI)509
332		powder MS(SSI)541
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 51)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
333		Powder MS(SSI)495
334		Powder MS(SSI)571
335		Powder MS(SSI)610
336		Powder MS(SSI)511
337		Powder MS(SSI)483
338		Powder MS(SSI)450
339		Powder MS(SSI)511
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 52)
		Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R	properties etc.
340		Powder MS(SSI)477
341		Powder MS(SSI)463
342		Powder MS(SSI)449
343		Powder MS(SSI)435
344		Powder MS(SSI)481
345		Powder MS(SSI)467
346		Powder MS(SSI)495
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group,
t-Bu: tert-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 53)
		Physicochemical properties
Ex. Nos.	R	etc.
347		Powder MS(SSI)506
348		Powder MS(SSI)479
349		Powder MS(SSI)492
350		Powder MS(SSI)483
351		Powder MS(SSI)465
352		Powder MS(SSI)505
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 54)
		Physicochemical properties
Ex. Nos.	R	etc.
353		Powder MS(SSI)469
354		Powder MS(SSI)453
355		Powder MS(SSI)389
356		Powder MS(SSI)473
357		Powder MS(SSI)459
358		Powder MS(SSI)445
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 55)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
359		Powder MS(APCI)568/570[M + H]+
360		Powder MS(APCI)568/570[M + H]+
361		Powder MS(APCI)469/471[M + H]+
362		Powder MS(APCI)469/471[M + H]+
363		resin MS(APCI)426/428[M + H]+
354		resin MS(APCI)453/455[M + H]+
Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 56)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
365		Powder MS(ESI)570
366		Powder MS(APCI)538/540[M + H]+
367		Powder MS(APCI)497/499[M + H]+
368		Powder MS(APCI)493/495[M + H]+
369		Powder MS(APCI)493/495[M + H]+
370		Powder MS(APCI)588/590[M + H]+
371		Powder MS(APCI)589/591[M + H]+
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 57)
Ex.
Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
372		Powder MS(APCI)589/591[M + H]+
373		Powder MS(APCI)489/491[M + H]+
374		Powder MS(APCI)487/489[M + H]+
375		Powder MS(APCI)478/480[M + H]+
376		Powder MS(APCI)473/475[M + H]+
377		Powder MS(APCI)519/521[M + H]+
378		Powder MS(APCI)490/492[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 58)
Ex.
Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
379		Powder MS(APCI)459/461[M + H]+
380		Powder MS(APCI)483/485[M + H]+
381		Powder MS(APCI)451/453[M + H]+
382		solid MS(APCI)419/421[M + H]+
383		solid MS(APCI)479/481[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group,
n-Bu: n-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 59)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
384		Powder MS(APCI)507/509[M + H]+
385		Powder MS(APCI)479/481[M + H]+
386		Powder MS(APCI)419/421[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 60)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
387		Powder MS(APCI)557[M + H]+
388		Powder MS(APCI)469[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 61)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
389		powder MS(APCI)581/583[M + H]+
390		powder MS(APCI)525/527[M + H]+
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 62)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
391	—CF3	powder MS(APCI)433/435[M + H]+
392		powder MS(APCI)475/477[M + H]+

TABLE 1 (No. 63)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
393		powder MS(ESI)524[M + H]+
394		powder MS(ESI)512[M + H]+
395		powder MS(ESI)455[M + H]+
396		powder MS(ESI)554[M + H]+
397		powder MS(ESI)524[M + H]+
398		powder MS(ESI)510[M + H]+
399		powder MS(ESI)524[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
n-Bu: n-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 64)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
400		powder MS(ESI)538[M + H]+
401		powder MS(ESI)550[M + H]+
402		powder MS(ESI)554[M + H]+
403		powder MS(ESI)560[M + H]+
404		powder MS(ESI)588[M + H]+
405		powder MS(ESI)587[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
n-Bu: n-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 65)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
406		powder MS(ESI)506[M + H]+
407		powder MS(ESI)638[M + H]+
408		powder MS(ESI)534[M + H]+
409		powder MS(ESI)532[M + H]+
410		powder MS(ESI)664[M + H]+
411		powder MS(ESI)490[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 66)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
412		powder MS(ESI)489[M + H]+
413		powder MS(ESI)454[M + H]+
414		powder MS(ESI)467[M + H]+
415		powder MS(ESI)482[M + H]+
416		powder MS(ESI)468[M + H]+
417		powder MS(ESI)522[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group,
t-Bu: tert-butyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 67)
		Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R	properties etc.
418		powder MS(ESI)501[M + H]+
419		powder MS(ESI)515[M + H]+
420		powder MS(ESI)469[M + H]+
421		powder MS(ESI)550[M + H]+
422		powder MS(ESI)466[M + H]+
423		powder MS(ESI)496[M + H]+
424		powder MS(ESI)470[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 1 (No. 68)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
425		powder MS(ESI)488[M + H]+
426		powder MS(ESI)516[M + H]+
427		powder MS(ESI)514[M + H]+
428		powder MS(ESI)500[M + H]+
429		powder MS(ESI)554[M + H]+
430		powder MS(ESI)510[M + H]+
431		powder MS(ESI)508[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

Examples 432 to 475

The corresponding materials are treated in the same manner as described in either one of the aforementioned Examples 1 to 5 followed by treating the product in the same manner as described in either one of the Examples 8 to 19 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 2 (Nos. 1 to 9).

TABLE 2 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
432		powder MS(APCI)575/577[M + H]+
433		oil MS(ESI)587[M + H + MeOH]+
434		powder MS(ESI)562/564[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
435		powder MS(APCI)470/472[M + H]+
436		powder MS(APCI)470/472[M + H]+
437		powder MS(APCI)503/505[M + H]+
438		powder MS(APCI)504/506[M + H]+
439		powder MS(APCI)538/540[M + H]+
440		powder MS(APCI)454/456[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
441		solid MS(APCI)524/526[M + H]+
442		solid MS(APCI)560/562[M + H]+
443		solid MS(APCI)589/591[M + H]+
444		solid MS(APCI)553/555[M + H]+
445		solid MS(APCI)553/555[M + H]+
446		solid MS(APCI)582/584[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
Boc: tert-butyloxtcarbonyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
447		solid MS(APCI)482/484[M + H]+
448		powder MS(ESI)587
449		powder MS(ESI)573
450		powder MS(ESI)545
451		powder MS(ESI)539
452		powder MS(ESI)610
Me: methyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 5)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
453		powder MS(ESI)605
454		powder MS(ESI)581
455		powder MS(ESI)576
456		powder MS(ESI)541
457		powder MS(ESI)575
458		powder MS(ESI)598
Me: methyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
459		powder MS(ESI)594
460		powder MS(ESI)565
461		powder MS(ESI)530
462		powder MS(ESI)564
463		powder MS(ESI)580
464		powder MS(ESI)576
465		powder MS(ESI)552
Me: methyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 7)
		Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R	properties etc.
466		powder MS(ESI)546
467		powder MS(ESI)512
468		powder MS(ESI)546
Me: methyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 8)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
469		powder MS(SSI)474
470		powder MS(SSI)546
471		powder MS(SSI)546
472		powder MS(SSI)539
473		powder MS(SSI)539
474		powder MS(SSI)510
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 2 (No. 9)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
475		powder MS(APCI)507[M + H]+

Examples 436 to 499

The corresponding materials are treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 or 7 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 3 (Nos. 1 to 6).

TABLE 3 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
476		powder MS(APCI)576/578[M + H]+
477		powder MS(APCI)543/545[M + H]+
478		powder MS(APCI)509/511[M + H]+
479		powder MS(APCI)509/511[M + H]+
480		powder MS(APCI)475/477[M + H]+
481		powder MS(APCI)501[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 3 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
482			powder MS(APCI)517/519[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 3 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
483			powder MS(APCI)531/533[M + H]+
484			powder MS(APCI)566/568[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 3 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
485		powder MS(APCI)562/564[M + H]+
486		powder MS(APCI)590/592[M + H]+
487		powder MS(APCI)588/590[M + H]+
488		powder MS(APCI)604/606[M + H]+
489		powder MS(APCI)510/512[M + H]+
490		powder MS(APCI)506/508[M + H]+
491		powder MS(APCI)553/555[M + H]+
Me:methyl group,
Et:ethyl group

TABLE 3 (No. 5)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
492		powder MS(APCI)547/549[M + H]+
493		powder MS(APCI)604/606[M + H]+
494		powder MS(APCI)509/511[M + H]+
495		powder MS(APCI)509/511[M + H]+
496		powder MS(APCI)475/477[M + H]+
497		powder MS(APCI)521/523[M + H]+
n-Bu:n-butyl group

TABLE 3 (No. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
498		powder MS(APCI)509/511[M + H]+
499		powder MS(ESI)518/520[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

Examples 500 to 507

The corresponding materials are treated in the same manner as described in the Example 6 or 7 followed by treating the product in the same manner as described in either one of the Examples 8 to 19 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 4 (Nos. 1 to 2).

TABLE 4 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
500			powder MS(APCI)539/541[M + H]+
501			powder MS(APCI)489/491[M + H]+

TABLE 4 (No.2)
		Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R	properties etc.
502		powder MS(APCI)665/667 [M + H]+
503		powder MS(APCI)596/598 [M + H]+
504		powder MS(APCI)566/568 [M + H]+
505		powder MS(APCI)580/582 [M + H]+
506		powder MS(APCI)598/600 [M + H]+
507		powder MS(APCI)643/645 [M + H]+
Me: methyl group

Examples 508 to 512

The corresponding materials are treated in the same manner as described in the Example 20 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 5.

TABLE 5
		Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R	properties etc.
508		powder MS(APCI)468/470 [M + H]+
509		powder MS(APCI)482/484 [M + H]+
510		powder Ms(APCI)546/548 [M + H]+
511		powder MS(APCI)540/542 [M + H]+
512		powder MS(APCI)488/490 [M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

Example 513

To a solution of the compound obtained in Example 1 (64 mg) in water/methanol was added 6N HCl (21 μL) and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give (3R)-1[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyloxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine hydrochloride (68 mg, yield: 100%) as an amorphous powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 509/511 [M+H]⁺

Example 514

(1) The compound obtained in Reference Example 13 (92 mg) was treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 to give (3S,4R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethyloxycarbonyl-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (24 mg, yield: 15%) MS(APCI) m/z; 522/524 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (200 mg) and sodium borohydride (28.3 mg) were refluxed in tetrahydrofuran under heating. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise methanol (0.5 μL) over a period of 30 minutes and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was evaporated to remove solvent and thereto was added water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and a saturated brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. After removal of the desiccant, the filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (Solvent; n-hexane/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give (3S,4R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)-amino]pyrrolidine (123.1 mg, yield: 67%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 480/482 [M+H]⁺

(3) The compound obtained in the above step (2) (60 mg) was dissolved in acentonitrile (7 mL) and thereto was added iodoethane (0.26 mL) and silver oxide (188 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The insoluble materials were removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by a silica gel plate to give (3S,4R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-ethoxy-methyl-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (13.2 mg, yield: 21%). MS(APCI) m/z; 508/510 [M+H]⁺

Examples 515 to 594

the corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in either one of Examples 1 to 5 and 21, and if required, further treated in the same manner as described in either one of Examples 8 to 19, 22 and 513 to give a compound as shown in the following Table 6.

TABLE 6 (No. 1)
		Physicochemical properties
Ex. Nos.	R	etc.
515		powder MS(APCI)511/513[M + H]+
516		powder MS(APCI)461/463[M + H]+
517		powder MS(APCI)493/495[M + H]+
518		powder MS(APCI)503/505/507 [M + H]+
519		powder MS(APCI)468/470[M + H]+
520		powder MS(APCI)491/493[M + H]+
521		powder MS(APCI)494/496[M + H]+

TABLE 6 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
522		powder MS(APCI)451/453[M + H]+
523		powder MS(ESI)470[M + H]+

TABLE 6 (No. 3)
			Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R	R ′	properties etc.
524			powder MS(APCI)521 [M + H]+
525			powder MS(APCI)535 [M + H]+
526	H		powder MS(ESI)475 [M + H]+
527	H		powder MS(APCI)493 [M + H]+
528			powder MS(ESI)519 [M + H]+
529			powder MS(ESI)537 [M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 6 (No 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
530		powder MS(APCI)498[M + H]+
531		powder MS(APCI)516[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 5)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
532			powder MS(ESI)594[M + H]+
533			powder MS(APCI)466/468[M + H]+
534			powder MS(APCI)484/486[M + H]+
535			powder MS(APCI)489/491[M + H]+
536			powder MS(APCI)503/505[M + H]+
537			powder MS(APCI)480/482[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
538			powder MS(APCI)494/496[M + H]+
539			powder MS(APCI)498/500[M + H]+
540			powder MS(APCI)512/514[M + H]+
541*			powder MS(APCI)544/546[M + H]+
542			powder MS(ESI)508[M + H]+
543*			powder MS(APCI)494/496[M + H]+
544			powder MS(ESI)535[M + H]+
*hydrochloride
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 7)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
545			powder MS(ESI)533[M + H]+
546			powder MS(ESI)567[M + H]+
547			powder MS(ESI)585[M + H]+
548			powder MS(ESI)509[M + H]+
549			powder MS(ESI)526[M + H]+
550			powder MS(ESI)542[M + H]+
551			powder MS(ESI)553[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 8)
Ex.
Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
552		powder MS(ESI)441[M + H]+
553		powder MS(ESI)494[M + H]+
554		powder MS(ESI)450[M + H]+
555		powder MS(APCI)484/486[M + H]+
556		powder MS(ESI)482[M + H]+
557		powder MS(ESI)502[M + H]+
558		powder MS(ESI)485[M + H]+
559		powder MS(ESI)459[M + H]+

TABLE 6 (No. 9)
Ex.
Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
560	CN		powder MS(ESI)484[M + H]+
561	CN		powder MS(ESI)468[M + H]+
562	CN		powder MS(ESI)486[M + H]+
563	Cl		powder MS(ESI)434[M + H]+
564	Cl		powder MS(ESI)443[M + H]+
565	Cl		powder MS(ESI)493[M + H]+
566	Cl		powder MS(ESI)477[M + H]+

TABLE 6 (No. 10)
Ex.
Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
567	Cl		powder MS(ESI)478[M + H]+
568	Cl		powder MS(ESI)452[M + H]+
569	OMe		powder MS(ESI)473[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 11)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
570		powder MS(ESI)446[M + H]+
571		powder MS(ESI)496[M + H]+
572		powder MS(ESI)480[M + H]+
573		powder MS(ESI)498[M + H]+
574		powder MS(ESI)455[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 12)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
575			powder MS(ESI)480[M + H]+
576			powder MS(ESI)530[M + H]+
577			powder MS(ESI)514[M + H]+
578			powder MS(ESI)485[M + H]+
579			powder MS(ESI)494[M + H]+
580			powder MS(ESI)544[M + H]+
581			powder MS(ESI)528[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 13)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
582			powder MS(ESI)546[M + H]+
583			powder MS(ESI)529[M + H]+
584			powder MS(ESI)503[M + H]+
585			powder MS(ESI)489[M + H]+
586			powder MS(ESI)544[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 14)
Ex.			Physico-
Nos.	R	R′	chemical properties etc.
587			powder MS(ESI)544[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 15)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
588		powder MS(APCI)550[M + H]+

TABLE 6 (No. 16)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
598		powder MS(ESI)503[M + H]+
590		powder MS(APCI)484/486[M + H]+
591		powder MS(APCI)484/486[M + H]+
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 6 (No. 17)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
592		powder MS(APCI)500/502[M + H]+
593		powder MS(APCI)500/502[M + H]+
594*		powder MS(APCI)500/502[M + H]+
*hydrochloride

Examples 95 to 619

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in either one of Examples 6 and 7, and if required, further treated in the same manner as described in either one of Examples 8 to 19, 22 and 514 to give a compound as shown in the following Table 7.

TABLE 7 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
595		powder MS(APCI)477[M + H]+
596		powder MS(APCI)461[M + H]+

TABLE 7 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
597	Cl		powder MS(APCI)558/560[M + H]+
598	CN		powder MS(APCI)549[M + H]+
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 7 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
599	—CN		powder MS(APCI)485/487[M + H]+
600	—CN		powder MS(APCI)499/501[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 7 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
601		powder MS(APCI)518[M + H]+
602		powder MS(APCI)498/500[M + H]+
603		powder MS(APCI)498/500[M + H]+
604		powder MS(APCI)536[M + H]+
605		powder MS(APCI)486[M + H]+
606		powder MS(APCI)498[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 7 (No. 5)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
607		powder MS(APCI)475[M + H]+
608		powder MS(APCI)484/486[M + H]+

TABLE 7 (No. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
609		powder MS(APCI)519/521[M + H]+
610		powder MS(APCI)505/507[M + H]+
611		powder MS(APCI)524[M + H]+
612		powder MS(APCI)534[M + H]+
613		powder MS(APCI)543/545[M + H]+
614		powder MS(APCI)514/516[M + H]+
615		powder MS(APCI)514/516[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 7 (No. 7)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
616		powder MS(APCI)502[M + H]+
617		powder MS(APCI)514[M + H]+
618		powder MS(APCI)552[M + H]+
619		powder MS(APCI)518/520[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

Examples 620 to 631

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in one of Examples 1 to 5 to give a compound as shown in the following Table 8.

TABLE 8 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R2	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
620			powder MS(APCI)468/470[M + H]+
621			powder MS(APCI)459/461[M + H]+
622			powder MS(APCI)461/463[M + H]+
623		n-Bu	powder MS(APCI)396/398[M + H]+
n-Bu: n-butyl group

TABLE 8 (No. 2)
Ex.
Nos.	R2	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
624	—Cl		powder MS(APCI)465/467[M + H]+
625	—CN		powder MS(APCI)456/468[M + H]+
626	—Cl		powder MS(APCI)499/501[M + H]+
627	—CN		powder MS(APCI)490/492[M + H]+

TABLE 8 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
628		powder MS(APCI)475[M + H]+
629		powder MS(APCI)475[M + H]+

TABLE 8 (No. 4)
Ex.
Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
630		powder MS(APCI)484/486[M + H]+
631		powder MS(APCI)451/453[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

Examples 632 to 708

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in either one of Examples 6 and 7 to give a compound as shown in the following Table 9.

TABLE 9 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
632		powder MS(APCI)497[M + H]+
633		powder MS(APCI)481[M + H]+
634		powder MS(APCI)438[M + H]+
635		powder MS(APCI)477/449[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
636		powder MS(APCI)508[M + H]+
637		powder MS(APCI)465[M + H]+
638		powder MS(APCI)474/476[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
639		powder MS(APCI)459/461[M + H]+
640		powder MS(APCI)502/504[M + H]+

TABLE 9 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
641		powder MS(APCI)451[M + H]+
642		powder MS(APCI)510[M + H]+
643		powder MS(APCI)494[M + H]+
644		powder MS(APCI)460/462[M + H]+
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 5)
			Physico-
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	chemical properties etc.
645	—CN		powder MS(APCI)466[M + H]+
646	—CN		powder MS(APCI)525[M + H]+
647	—CN		powder MS(APCI)509[M + H]+
648	—CN		powder MS(APCI)475/ 477[M + H]+
649	—Cl		powder MS(APCI)475/ 477[M + H]+
650	—Cl		powder MS(APCI)534/ 536[M + H]+
651	—Cl		powder MS(APCI)518/ 520[M + H]+
652	—Cl		powder MS(APCI)484/ 486[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R2	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
653			powder MS(APCI)461/463[M + H]+
654			powder MS(APCI)503/505[M + H]+
655			powder MS(APCI)470/472[M + H]+
656			powder MS(APCI)515/517[M + H]+
657			powder MS(APCI)529/531[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 7)
	Ex.			Physicochemical
	Nos.	R	R′	properties etc.
	658	—CN		powder MS(APCI)491 [M + H]+
	659	—CN		powder MS(APCI)550 [M + H]+
	660	—CN		powder MS(APCI) 500/502[M + H]+
	661	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 500/502[M + H]+
	662	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 559/561[M + H]+
	663	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 509/511[M + H]+
	664	—CN		powder MS(APCI)534 [M + H]+
	665	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 543/545[M + H]+

TABLE 9 (No. 8)
	Ex.			Physicochemical
	Nos.	R	R′	properties etc.
	666	—CN		powder MS(APCI) 459/461[M + H]+
	667	—CN		powder MS(APCI) 518/520[M + H]+
	668	—CN		powder MS(APCI) 468/470[M + H]+
	669	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 468/470[M + H]+
	670	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 527/529[M + H]+
	671	—CN		powder MS(APCI) 502/504[M + H]+
	672	—Cl		powder MS(APCI) 511/513[M + H]+

TABLE 9 (No. 9)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
673		powder MS(APCI) 518/520[M + H]+
674		powder MS(APCI) 459/461[M + H]+
675		powder MS(APCI) 468/470[M + H]+
676		powder MS(APCI) 502/504[M + H]+

TABLE 9 (No. 10)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
677		powder MS(APCI) 493[M + H]+
678		powder MS(APCI) 421[M + H]+
679		powder MS(APCI) 475/477[M + H]+
680		powder MS(APCI) 459/461[M + H]+
681		powder MS(APCI) 453[M + H]+
682		powder MS(APCI) 447/449[M + H]+
683		powder MS(APCI) 449[M + H]+
684		powder MS(APCI) 465[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 11)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
685		powder MS(APCI) 466[M + H]+
686		powder MS(APCI) 473[M + H]+
687		powder MS(APCI) 514[M + H]+
688		powder MS(APCI) 476[M + H]+
689		powder MS(APCI) 446/448[M + H]+
690		powder MS(APCI) 496[M + H]+
691		powder MS(APCI) 484[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 12)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
692		powder MS(APCI) 475/477[M + H]+
693		powder MS(APCI) 455[M + H]+
694		powder MS(APCI) 480[M + H]+
695		powder MS(APCI) 509[M + H]+
696		powder MS(APCI) 508[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 13)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
697		powder MS(APCI) 450[M + H]+
698		powder MS(APCI) 458[M + H]+
699		powder MS(APCI) 466[M + H]+
700		powder MS(APCI) 433[M + H]+
701		powder MS(APCI) 475/477[M + H]+
702		powder MS(APCI) 443[M + H]+
703		powder MS(APCI) 442/444 [M + H]+.
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 9 (No. 14)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
704		powder MS(APCI) 519[M + H]+
705		powder MS(APCI) 485/487[M + H]+
706		powder MS(APCI) 422[M + H]+
707		powder MS(APCI) 457[M + H]+
708		powder MS(APCI) 423[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

Example 709

The corresponding materials were treated in the same manner as described in Example 8 to give (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(2-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoro-methoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine as a powder. MS(APCI) m/z: 500/502 [M+H]⁺

Example 710

The compound obtained in Reference Example 21 (50 mg) and dimethylamine were treated in the same manner as described in Example 19(2) to give (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-dimethylcarbamoylphenyl)methyl]-3-[[(4-trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine as a powder. MS(APCI) m/z: 546/548 [M+H]⁺

Example 711

To a solution of (3R)-1-[(4-methylthiophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (45.3 mg) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (31 μL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature or 30 minutes. Thereto was added m-chloroperbenzoic acid (23 mg) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour and then stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and the organic layer was extracted by a diatomaceous earth column (Chem Elut; VARIAN Inc.). The extract was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; chloroform/methanol=98:2→90:10). The resultant product was dissolved in t-buthanol and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (42.5 mg, yield: 91%) as a powder. MS(APCI) m/z: 469 [M+H]⁺

Example 712

To a solution of (3R)-1-[(4-methylthiophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (45.3 mg) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (31 μL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Thereto was added m-chloroperbenzoic acid (46 mg) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour and then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and the organic layer was extracted by a diatomaceous earth column (Chem Elut). The extract was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=40:60→60:40). The resultant product was dissolved in t-buthanol and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (27.4 mg, yield: 57%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z: 485 [M+H]⁺

Example 713

To a solution of [(4-chlorophenyl)(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)]methanol (40.1 mg) in methylene chloride (0.65 mL) was added phosphorus tribromide (20 μL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water and chloroform and the mixture was stirred. The organic layer was extracted by a diatomaceous earth column (Chem Elut) and concentrated in vacuo. To the resultant residue was added diisopropylethylamine (105 μL) and acetonitrile (1 mL) and the mixture was refluxed under heating for 2 days. After cooling to room temperature, to the reaction mixture was added water and ethyl acetate and the organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by HPLC (XTerra PrepMS C18 column, solvent; water/methanol=1:1→5:95). The resultant product was dissolved in t-buthanol and lyophilized to give (3R)-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (37.3 mg, yield: 54%) as a powder. MS(APCI) m/z: 464/466 [M+H]⁺

Examples 714 to 716

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Example 712 to give the compound as shown in the following Table 10.

TABLE 10
				Physicochemical
Ex. Nos.	R1	R2	R″	properties etc.
714			—CN	powder MS(APCI) 528[M + H]+
715			—CN	powder MS(APCI) 544[M + H]+
716			—CN	powder MS(APCI) 519[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

Example 717

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Example 1 to give the compound as shown in the following Table 11.

TABLE 11
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R	properties etc.
717		powder MS(APCI) 417/419[M + H]+

Examples 718 to 751

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in either one of Examples 6 and 7 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 12.

TABLE 12 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
718		powder MS(APCI)487[M + H]+
719		powder MS(APCI)464[M + H]+
720		powder MS(APCI)442/444[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
721		powder MS(APCI)493[M + H]+
722		powder MS(APCI)460/462[M + H]+
723		powder MS(ESI)484[M + H]+
724		powder MS(ESI)469[M + H]+
725		powder MS(ESI)483[M + H]+
726		powder MS(ESI)470[M + H]+
727		powder MS(ESI)506[M + H]+
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
728		powder MS(ESI)500[M + H]+
729		powder MS(ESI)497[M + H]+
730		powder MS(ESI)515[M + H]+
731		powder MS(ESI)509[M + H]+
732		powder MS(ESI)479[M + H]+
733		powder MS(ESI)465[M + H]+
734		powder MS(ESI)531[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
735		powder MS(ESI)549[M + H]+
736		powder MS(ESI)543[M + H]+
737		powder MS(ESI)513[M + H]+
738		powder MS(ESI)499[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 5)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
739		powder MS(ESI)452[M + H]+
740		powder MS(ESI)488[M + H]+
741		powder MS(ESI)482[M + H]+
742		powder MS(ESI)479[M + H]+
743		powder MS(ESI)497[M + H]+
744		powder MS(ESI)491[M + H]+
745		powder MS(ESI)461[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 6)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
746		powder MS(ESI)447[M + H]+
747		powder MS(ESI)513[M + H]+
748		powder MS(ESI)531[M + H]+
749		powder MS(ESI)525[M + H]+
750		powder MS(ESI)495[M + H]+
751		powder MS(ESI)481[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 7)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
752		powder MS(APCI)467[M + H]+
753		powder MS(APCI)439[M + H]+
754		powder MS(APCI)476/478[M + H]+
755		powder MS(APCI)510[M + H]+
756		powder MS(APCI)523[M + H]+
757		powder MS(APCI)458[M + H]+
758		powder MS(APCI)461/463[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 8)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
759		powder MS(APCI)495[M + H]+
760		powder MS(APCI)452[M + H]+
761		powder MS(APCI)470[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 9)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
762		powder MS(APCI)457[M + H]+
763		powder MS(APCI)494/496[M + H]+
764		powder MS(APCI)528[M + H]+
765		powder MS(APCI)485[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 12 (No. 10)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
766		powder MS(APCI)473[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

Examples 767 to 769

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Examples 3 to give a compound as shown in the following Table 13.

TABLE 13
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
767		powder MS(APCI)494[M + H]+
768		powder MS(APCI)496[M + H]+
769		powder MS(APCI)534/536[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group

Examples 770 to 786

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 14.

TABLE 14 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
770		powder MS(APCI)490[M + H]+
771		powder MS(APCI)472[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 14 (No. 2)
Ex.
Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
772	Me		powder MS(APCI)471[M + H]+
773	Me		powder MS(APCI)489[M + H]+
774	Me		powder MS(APCI)472[M + H]+
775	Et		powder MS(APCI)485[M + H]+
776	Et		powder MS(APCI)503[M + H]+
777	Et		powder MS(APCI)486[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 14 (No. 3)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
778		powder MS(APCI)499[M + H]+
779		powder MS(APCI)517[M + H]+
780		powder MS(APCI)500[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 14 (No. 4)
Ex. Nos.	R	R′	Physicochemical properties etc.
781			powder MS(APCI)507[M + H]+
782			powder MS(APCI)525[M + H]+
783			powder MS(APCI)508[M + H]+
784	Et		powder MS(APCI)453[M + H]+
785	Et		powder MS(APCI)471[M + H]+
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 14 (No. 5)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
786		powder MS(APCI)502[M + H]+

Examples 787 to 791

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Example 1 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 15.

TABLE 15 (No. 1)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
787		powder MS(APCI)528[M + H]+
788		powder MS(APCI)537[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 15 (No. 2)
Ex. Nos.	R	Physicochemical properties etc.
789		powder MS(APCI)500[M + H]+
790		powder MS(APCI)518[M + H]+
791		powder MS(APCI)501[M + H]+
i-Pr: isopropyl group

Examples 792 to 829

The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 to give the compounds as shown in the following Table 16.

TABLE 16 (No. 1)
Ex.		Physico-
Nos.	R1	chemical properties etc.
792		powder MS(APCI)494[M + H]+
793		powder MS(APCI)452[M + H]+
794		powder MS(APCI)480[M + H]+
795		powder MS(APCI)494[M + H]+
796		powder MS(APCI)478[M + H]+
797		powder MS(APCI)464[M + H]+
798		powder MS(APCI)478[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 16 (No. 2)
Ex.		Physico-
Nos.	R1	chemical properties etc.
799		powder MS(APCI)478[M + H]+
800		powder MS(APCI)492[M + H]+
801		powder MS(APCI)478[M + H]+
802		powder MS(APCI)494[M + H]+
803		powder MS(APCI)506[M + H]+
Me: methyl group

TABLE 16 (No. 3)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R1	properties etc.
804		powder MS(APCI)476[M + H]+
805		powder MS(APCI)512[M + H]+
806		powder MS(APCI)470[M + H]+
807		powder MS(APCI)498[M + H]+
808		powder MS(APCI)512[M + H]+
809		powder MS(APCI)496[M + H]+
810		powder MS(APCI)482[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 16 (No. 16)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R1	properties etc.
811		powder MS(APCI)496[M + H]+
812		powder MS(APCI)496[M + H]+
813		powder MS(APCI)510[M + H]+
814		powder MS(APCI)496[M + H]+
815		powder MS(APCI)512[M + H]+
816		powder MS(APCI)524[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

TABLE 16 (No. 5)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R1	properties etc.
817		powder MS(APCI)459[M + H]+
818		powder MS(APCI)495[M + H]+
819		powder MS(APCI)453[M + H]+
820		powder MS(APCI)481[M + H]+
821		powder MS(APCI)495[M + H]+
822		powder MS(APCI)479[M + H]+
823		powder MS(APCI)465[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
Et: ethyl group,
i-Pr: isopropyl group

TABLE 16 (No. 6)
Ex.		Physicochemical
Nos.	R1	properties etc.
824		powder MS(APCI)479[M + H]+
825		powder MS(APCI)479[M + H]+
826		powder MS(APCI)493[M + H]+
827		powder MS(APCI)479[M + H]+
828		powder MS(APCI)495[M + H]+
829		powder MS(APCI)507[M + H]+
Me: methyl group,
n-Pr: n-propyl group

Reference Example 1

(1) To a suspension of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2.0 g), dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (2.83 g), dimethylformamide (8 mL) in diisopropylether (1 mL) is added potassium carbonate (5.53 g) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer is concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; chloroform/methanol=100:0→90:10) to give 4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzaldehyde (674 mg, yield: 21%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 194 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of 1.0M 4-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide in diethylether (2 mL) was added a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (386.5 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and cooling in dry ice/acetone bath and the mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a flash column chromatography on NH-silica gel (Chromatorex NH-silica gel, solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=1:1→0:1) to give (4-chlorophenyl)[4-[2-(dimethylamino)-ethoxy]phenyl]methanol (208 mg, yield: 34%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 306/308 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 2

(1) To a solution of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ketone (1.0 g) in dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added successively potassium carbonate (2.54 g) and isopropyl iodide (1.40 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=95:5→60:40) to give bis(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)ketone (1.33 g, yield: 96%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 299 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.33 g) in ethanol (18 μL) and tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added sodium borohydride (235 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. After concentrating the reaction mixture, thereto was added ethyl acetate and water, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=95:5→40:60) to give bis(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)methanol (1.30 g, yield: 97%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 283 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 3

(1) To a solution of 4-bromobenzylalcohol (9.98 g) and triethylamine (11.2 μL) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (7.35 g) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred under ice-cooling for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). After washing successively with water and a saturated brine, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After evaporation to remove solvent, the resultant crude product was triturated in ethyl acetate/hexane to 4-bromobenzyl methanesulfonate (13.54 g, yield: 91%) as crystals.

MS(EI) m/z; 264/266 [M+H]⁺

(2) A suspension of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.2 g) in methanol was stirred at 85° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. To the resultant residue was water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=80:20→60:40) to give 4-bromobenzylmethylether (0.76 g, yield: 83%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 200/202 [M+H]⁺

(3) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (515 mg) in tetrahydrofaran (4 mL) was added dropwise 1.59M butyl lithium-hexane solution (1.61 mL) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and cooling in dry ice/acetone bath and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Thereto was added a solution of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (360 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=80:20→60:40) to give (4-chlorophenyl)[4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methanol (459 mg, yield: 68%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 247/202 [M+H−H₂O]⁺

Reference Example 4

(1) To a suspension of bis-(4-carboxyphenyl)ketone (5.0 g) in methylene chloride (100 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (3.4 μL) and dimethylformamide (200 μL) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and cooling in dry ice/acetone bath and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. To the reaction mixture was added tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to remove solvent and to the residue was added successively tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), triethylamine (7.75 mL) and tert-butylamine (4.86 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water and the resultant crystals were collected by filtration to give bis[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl]ketone (6.44 g, yield: 92%) as crystals.

MS(EI) m/z; 381 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a suspension of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (2.9 g), 2-propanol (15.2 mL) and water (0.9 mL) was added sodium borohydride (232 mg) and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, thereto was added water and the resultant crystals were collected by filtration to give bis[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl]methanol (2.85 g, yield: 97%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 383 [M+H]⁺

(3) A solution of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (4.96 g) in thionyl chloride (40 mL) was refluxed under heating for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and thereto was added water, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed successively with water and a saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give chloro[bis-(4-cyanophenyl)]methane (3.59 g, yield: 100%) as an oil.

Reference Example 5

(1) To a solution of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (3.93 g) in tetrahydrofaran was added dropwise 1.0M 4-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide-diethylether (30 mL) under nitrogen gas atmosphere and cooling in dry ice/methanol bath and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added 10% HCl solution and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was washed with a saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. To the resultant crude product was added diisopropyl ether and the resultant solid materials were collected by filtration to give (4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methanol (6.98 g, yield: 96%) as a pale yellow solid.

MS(APCI) m/z; 268, 280 [M+Cl]⁺

(2) A mixture of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (12.4 g) and thionyl chloride (30 mL) was refluxed under heating for 3 hours and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and dried over magnesium sulfate. After evaporation to remove solvent, the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=6:1) to give chloro(4-chlorophenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)methane (12.4 g, yield: 93%) as an oil.

Reference Example 6

(1) To a solution of (3R)-3-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (10.0 g) and triethylamine (5.43 g) in methylene chloride (100 mL) was added dropwise a solution of benzyloxycarbonyl chloride (7.7 mL) in methylene chloride (20 mL) over a period of 15 minutes under nitrogen gas atmosphere and ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added water (70 mL) and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The extract was washed successively with water (70 mL), 5% citric acid solution (70 mL) and a saturated brine (70 mL) and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After concentration in vacuo, the resultant product was triturated in diisopropylether to give (3R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (11.8 g, yield: 70%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 321 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (12.1 g) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) was added 4N HCl-dioxane (50 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was triturated in diisopropylether to give (3R)-3-amino-1-benzyloxycarbonylpyrrolidine hydrochloride (9.2 g, yield: 94%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 283 [M+H]⁺

(3) To a suspension of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (8.23 g), 4-(trifluoromethyloxy)benzoic acid (6.61 g), triethylamine (6.7 mL) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (6.83 g) in methylene chloride (82.3 mL) was added 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (7.40 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added water (58 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The chloroform layer was separated and washed successively with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (58 mL) and a saturated brine (58 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=2:1→1:1) to give (3R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (11.29 g, yield: 87%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 409 [M+H]⁺

(4) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (3) (11.29 g) in methanol (114 mL) was added 10% palladium-carbon (0.32 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen gas for 1.5 hours. After removal of the insoluble materials by filtration, the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give (3R)-3-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (7.76 g, yield: 87%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 275 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 7

(1) To a solution of (3,4-trans)-4-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine (1.04 g) in methylene chloride (20 mL) was added triethylamine (0.67 mL) and thereto was added dropwise 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. To the reaction mixture was added chloroform and the mixture was washed with an aqueous saturated citric acid solution and an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; chloroform/ethyl acetate=10:1) to give (3,4-trans)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (1.34 g, yield: 75%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 447 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.34 g) in chloroform (15 mL) was added 4N HCl-ethyl acetate (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was neutralized with 1N sodium hydroxide solution. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; chloroform/methanol=49:1) to give (3,4-trans)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]-pyrrolidine (943 mg, yield: 91%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 347 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 8

(1) To a solution of 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-pyrroline (5.0 g) in methylene chloride (125 mL) was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (12.17 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated sodium thiosulfate solution (100 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform (×2) and the extract was washed successively with 2N sodium hydroxide solution (100 mL×2) and a saturated brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give benzyl 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexan-3-carboxylate (5.58 g, yield: 100%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 220 [M+H]⁺

(2) A mixture of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (5.58 g) and aqueous 28% ammonia was stirred at 40° C. for 2 days. Thereto was added 2N sodium hydroxide solution (50 mL) and the mixture was extracted with chloroform (×3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (3,4-trans)-4-amino-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine (5.34 g, yield: 92%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 237 [M+H]⁺

(3) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (5.34 g) in chloroform (50 mL) was added dropwise a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.40 g) in chloroform (10 mL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with water and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=2:1→1:1) to give (3,4-trans)-1-benzyloxy-carbonyl-3-hydroxy-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (5.55 g, yield: 73%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 337 [M+H]⁺

(4) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (3) (3.54 g) in methanol (31 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (7 mL) was added palladium hydroxide (20 wt % Pd on carbon, 500 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under hydrogen gas atmosphere (40 to 45 Parr) overnight. After removal of the insoluble materials by filtration through Cerite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in ethyl acetate/diisopropylether to give (3,4-trans)-3-hydroxy-4-(tert-butoxy-carbonylamino)pyrrolidine (2.0 g, yield: 94%) as a powder.

MS(APCI) m/z; 203 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 9

(1) A mixture of the compound obtained in Reference Example 8-(1) (26.5 g), (1R,2R)-(−)-N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminochromium (1.57 g) and trimethylsilylazide (17.7 mL) was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen gas atmosphere for 2 days. After addition of chloroform, the reaction mixture was washed successively with water and a saturated brine. The organic later was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=10:1→2:1 and then chloroform/methanol=20:1→9:1) to give (3S,4S)-4-azido-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-trimethylsilyloxypyrrolidine (Compound a: 20.6 g, yield: 55%) and (3S,4S)-4-azido-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine (Compound b: 8.16 g, yield: 28%) as an oil, respectively.

Compound a: MS(APCI) m/z; 335 [M+H]⁺

Compound b: MS(APCI) m/z; 263 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the Compound a (20.6 g) or b (8.16 g) obtained in the above step (1) in tetrahydrofuran (740 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (26.67 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and to the residue was added methanol (380 mL) and 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution (380 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant residue was acidified (pH 3) with 6N HCl and washed with chloroform. The aqueous layer was basified (pH 9) with 5N sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform (×3). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (3S,4S)-4-amino-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-pyrrolidine (19.6 g, yield: 90%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 237 [M+H]⁺

(3) The compound obtained in the above step (2) (14.61 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 8-(3) to give (3S,4S)-1-benzyl-oxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (18.59 g, yield: 94%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 337 [M+H]⁺

(4) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (3) (18.56 g) in methanol (200 mL) was added 10% palladium-carbon (1.16 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen for 3 hours. After removal of the insoluble materials by filtration through Cerite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and then triturated in methanol/diisopropylether to give (3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (10.8 g, yield: 97%) as crystals.

MS(APCI) m/z; 203 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 10

(1) To a solution of (2S,4R)-2-carboxy-4-[(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl-amino]-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpyrrolidine (122 mg) in dichloromethane was added dimethylaminopyridine (6 mg). Thereto was added dropwise a solution of 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (120 mg) in dichloromethane and methanol (0.5 mL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. After addition of water, the organic layer was extracted by diatomaceous earth column (Chem Elut; VARIAN Inc.). The extract was concentrated in vacuo to give crude (2S,4R)-4-[(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonylamino]-2-methoxycarbonyl-1-tert-butoxy-carbonylpyrrolidine. To the crude product was added 20% piperidine/dichloromethane solution (5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After evaporation in vacuo, the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give (2S,4R)-4-amino-2-methoxy-carbonyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine (38 mg, yield: 38%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 245 [M+H]⁺

(2) A solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (36 mg), 4-chlorobenzoic acid (30 mg), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (30 mg) and 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (43 mg) in dimethylformamide (0.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated brine and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give (2S,4R)-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)-amino]-2-methoxycarbonyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpyrrolidine (37 mg, yield: 64%) as an oil.

MS(ESI) m/z; 383, 385 [M+H]⁺

(3) A mixture of the compound obtained in the above step (37 mg) and 4N HCl-dioxane (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give (2S,4R)-4-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methoxycarbonylpyrrolidine.

Reference Example 11

(1) Bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (100 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 5-(2) to give chloro[bis(4-chlorophenyl)]methane (100.5 g, yield: 94%).

MS(EI) m/z; 270 [M+]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (14.5 g) and (3R)-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminopyrrolidine (10 g) were treated in the same manner as described in Example 5 to give (3R)-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-tert-butoxy carbonylaminopyrrolidine (18.8 g, yield: 83%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 421 [M+H]⁺

(3) A mixture of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (18 g), trifluoroacetic acid (30 mL) and methylene chloride was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and to the residue was added an aqueous HCl solution to dissolve precipitates. The solution was washed with diethylether. The aqueous layer was basified with potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and a saturated brine, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give (3R)-3-amino-1-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-methyl]pyrrolidine as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 321, 323 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 12

The corresponding materials (4-oxo-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidine) were treated in the same manner as described in WO03/025577 (page 27) to give (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpyrrolidine.

Reference Example 13

(1) The compound obtained in Reference Example 12 (1.04 g) and 4-cyano-benzoyl chloride (662 mg) were treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 7-(1) to give (3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-[(4-cyano-benzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (624 mg, yield: 40%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 388 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (624 mg) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 7-(2) to give (3S,4R)-3-ethoxy-carbonyl-4-[(4-cyanobenzoyl)amino]pyrrolidine (94 mg, yield: 20%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 288 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 14

(1) The compound obtained in Reference Example 12 (2.07 g) and 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride (1.51 mL) were treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 7 to give (3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-ethoxy-carbonyl-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (3.3 g, yield: 92%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 447 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (3.3 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Example 514-(2) and (3) to give (3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxy-carbonyl)-3-ethoxymethyl-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (1.14 g, yield: 35%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 433 [M+H]⁺

(3) The compound obtained in the above step (2) (1.14 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 7-(2) to give (3S,4R)-3-ethoxy-methyl-4-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (832.5 mg, yield: 95%).

Reference Example 15

(1) The compound obtained in Reference Example 5 (48.8 g) and (3R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (28.87 g) were treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 to give (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)-methyl]-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (a mixture of diastereomers, 58.1 g, yield: 90.1%).

(2) The mixture obtained in the above step (1) was resolved by a chiral column (CHIRALPACK AD-H; DAICEL CHEMICAL) to give optically active (3R)-1-[(S)-(4-cyanophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-pyrrolidine (22.2 g, yield: 38.2%) and (3R)-1-[(R)-(4-cyanophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)-methyl]-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (22.4 g, yield: 38.6%).

Reference Example 16

(1) To a solution of sodium hydride (0.5 g) in dimethylformamide (15 mL) was added a solution of the compound obtained in Reference Example 9-(1) (compound b, 2.21 g) in dimethylformamide (10 mL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added 2-methoxyethyl bromide (1.59 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After ice-cooling, to the reaction mixture was added sodium hydride (0.5 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was further added 2-methoxyethyl bromide (1.59 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with diethylether and thereto was added water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2) and the organic layer was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (Solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=85:15→65:35) to give (3S,4S)-4-azido-1-benzyloxy-carbonyl-3-[2-(methoxy)ethoxy]pyrrolidine (1.78 g, yield: 66%) as an oil. MS(APCI) m/z; 321 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (2.03 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 9-(2) to give (3S,4S)-4-amino-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-[2-(methoxy)ethoxy]pyrrolidine (1.82 g, yield: 98%) as an oil. MS(APCI) m/z; 295 [M+H]⁺

(3) The compound obtained in the above step (2) (1.82 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 8-(3) to give (3S,4S)-1-benzyloxy-carbonyl-3-[2-(methoxy)ethoxy]-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (2.25 g, yield: 92%) as an oil. MS(APCI) m/z; 395 [M+H]⁺

(4) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (3) (2.25 g) in methanol (40 mL) was added 10% palladium-carbon (200 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen gas for 4 hours. The precipitates were removed by filtration through Cerite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give (3S,4S)-3-[2-(methoxy)ethoxy]-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino)pyrrolidine (1.46 g, yield: 98%) as an oil.

MS(APCI) m/z; 261 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 17

(1) To 4-bromobenzaldehyde (555 mg) was added [bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]sulfur trifluoride (555 μL) under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (under ice cooling, if required) for 30 minutes and then stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=100:0→95:5) to give 1-bromo-4-(difluoromethyl)-benzene (328 mg, yield: 53%).

G-CMS(EI) m/z: 208/210

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (310 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) was added dropwise 1.58M n-butyl lithium/hexane (2.37 mL) at −78° C. under nitrogen gas atmosphere and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise a solution of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (197 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and to the residue was added water and ethyl acetate. After stirring, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was filtered through NH-silica gel (Chromatorex NH-silica gel, 2 g). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=80:20→65:35) to give (4-cyanophenyl)[4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol (83.2 mg, yield: 21%).

(3) To the compound obtained in the above step (2) (38.9 mg) was added thionyl chloride (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give chloro(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]methane.

Reference Example 18

(1) To a solution of 6-methylnicotinic acid (1 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added lithium aluminum hydride (277 mg) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and water. After stirring, the mixture was filtered and the organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; chloroform/methanol=98:2→90:10) to give 6-methylpyridin-3-ylmethyl alcohol (434 mg, yield: 49%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 124 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (430 mg) in methylene chloride (10 mL) was added 1,1,1-tris(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one (1.48 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. After stirring, the mixture was extracted with chloroform and the extract was concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=70:30→50:50) to give 6-methylpyridin-3-carbaldehyde (224 mg, yield: 53%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 122 [M+H]⁺

(3) To a solution of 4-iodobenzonitrile (460 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added dropwise 1.58M n-butyl lithium/hexane (1.25 mL) at −78° C. under nitrogen gas atmosphere and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Thereto was added the compound obtained in the above step (2) (220 mg) and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. After warming to room temperature, to the reaction mixture was added water and ethyl acetate. After stirring, the organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=50:50→0:100) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (111 mg, yield: 27%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 225 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 19

(1) A mixture of 4-dimethylsulfamoylbenzoic acid (688 mg) and thionyl chloride (5 mL) was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give 4-dimethylsulfamoylbenzoyl chloride (495 mg) as a white solid.

(2) To a solution of 4-cyanophenylboronic acid (353 mg), [bis-(triphenyl-phosphino)-dichloro]palladium (28 mg) and potassium phosphate trihydrate (692 mg) in toluene (5 mL) was added the compound obtained in the above step (1) (495 mg) and the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 1.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered through silica gel (5 g) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=33:67→65:35) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(4-dimethylsulfamoylphenyl)ketone (234 mg) as a white solid.

(3) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (234 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and methanol (1 mL) was added sodium borohydride (56 mg) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes and then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and thereto was added water and ethyl acetate. After stirring, the organic layer was extracted by a diatomaceous earth column (Chem Elut). The extract was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=70:30→50:50) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(4-dimethyl-sulfamoylphenyl)methanol as a viscous liquid.

Reference Example 20

(1) To a solution of 5-bromo-1H-pyridin-2-one (2 g) and silver carbonate (4.3 g) in chloroform (40 mL) was added isopropyl iodide (11.5 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through silica gel (20 g) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=98:2→90:10) to give 5-bromo-2-isopropyloxypyridine (2.41 g, yield: 97%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 216/218 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (2.4 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 17(2) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(6-isopropyl-oxypyridin-3-yl)methanol (1.88 g; yield: 63%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 269 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 21

(1) The corresponding starting materials were treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 1(2) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(4-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)methanol. Subsequently, the product was reacted with phosphorus tribromide to give bromo(4-cyanophenyl)(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)methane.

MS(APCI) m/z: 259/261 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) and the compound obtained in Reference Example 6 were treated in the same manner as described in Example 6 to give (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (427 mg).

MS(APCI) m/z: 533/535 [M+H]⁺

(3) The compound obtained in the above step (2) was treated in the same manner as described in Example 19(1) to give (3R)-1-[(4-carboxyphenyl)(4-cyanophenyl)-methyl]-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]pyrrolidine (344 mg).

MS(APCI) m/z: 519/521 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 22

(1) To a solution of 5-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid (1.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added triethylamine (1.1 mL) and isobutyl chloroformate (1.0 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added sodium borohydride (603 mg) and methanol (5 mL) at −78° C. After stirring, to the mixture was added aqueous ammonium chloride and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; chloroform/methanol=90:10) to give 5-methylpyrazin-2-ylmethyl alcohol (592 mg, yield: 66%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 125 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 18(2) and (3) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(5-methyl-pyrazin-2-yl)methanol (44 mg, yield: 8.1%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 226 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 23

(1) To a solution of sodium isopropyloxide (984 mg) in isopropanol (10 mL) was added 2-chloro-5-bromopyrimidine (1.934 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours under nitrogen gas atmosphere. To the reaction mixture was added water and ethyl acetate. After stirring, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=100:0→90:10) to give 2-isopropyl-oxy-5-bromopyrimidine (1.7 g, yield: 78%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 217/219 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (434 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and diethylether (20 mL) was added dropwise 1.58 M butyl lithium (1.27 mL) at a temperature below −100° C. over a period of 5 minutes and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Thereto was added dropwise 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (262 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at the same temperature for 3 hours. After warming to room temperature, to the reaction mixture was added water and ethyl acetate. After stirring, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts was dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=60:40→30:70) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (174 mg, yield: 32%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 270 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 24

(1) To a solution of 4-bromobenzylalcohol (561 mg) in methylene chloride (3 mL) was added [bis-(2-methoxyethyl)amino]sulfur trifluoride (590 μL) over a period of 5 minutes under ice-cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hours and then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=100:0→95:5) to give 1-bromo-4-fluoromethyl-benzene (340 mg, yield: 60%).

GCMS(EI) m/z: 188/190

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (300 mg) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 17(2) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(4-fluoro-methylphenyl)methanol (227 mg, yield: 59%).

Reference Example 25

(1) To a solution of 5-bromo-2-methylpyridine (5.0 g) in carbon tetrachloride (50 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (6.2 g) and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (239 mg) and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 1 hour. After cooling, the reaction mixture was filtered to remove the insoluble materials and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=100:0→92:8) to give 5-bromo-2-bromomethyl-pyridine (3.7 g, yield: 51%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 250/252 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of sodium isopropyloxide (1.82 g) in isopropanol (24 mL) was added the compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.85 g) in 2-propanol (10 mL) at 85° C. and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and thereto was added water and ethyl acetate. The mixture was extracted with chloroform and the extract was concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=99:1→90:10) to give 5-bromo-2-isopropyloxymethyl-pyridine (1.47 g, yield: 87%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 230/232 [M+H]⁺

(3) The compound obtained in the above step (2) (400 mg) and 4-trifluoro-methylbenzaldehyde were treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 17(2) to give (6-isopropyloxymethylpyridin-3-yl)(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)methanol (333 mg, yield: 57%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 326 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 26

(1) To a solution of sodium isopropyloxide (10.0 g) in 2-propanol (100 mL) was added 2-bromothiazol (10.0 g) at 85° C. and the mixture was stirred for 15 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and thereto was added water. The mixture was extracted with diethylether and the extract was washed with water and a saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 2-isopropyloxythiazol (6.39 g, yield: 73%). MS(APCI) m/z: 144 [M+H]⁺

(2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) (1.0 g) was treated in the same manner as described in Reference Example 17(2) to give (4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxythiazol-5-yl)methanol (1.62 g, yield: 85%).

MS(APCI) m/z: 275 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 27

To a solution of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (3.1 g) in dioxane (20 mL) was added sodium hydride (1.4 g) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen gas atmosphere for 30 minutes. Thereto was added 5-bromo-2-chloro-pyrimidine (3.0 g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereto was added water and ethyl acetate and the mixture was stirred and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=95:5→90:10) to give 5-bromo-2-(2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrimidine (3.0 g, yield: 38%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 257/259 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 28

(1) To a solution of the compound obtained in Reference Example 20-(1) (1.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added dropwise 1.58 M n-butyl lithium (3.0 mL) at −78° C. under nitrogen gas atmosphere and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hours. Thereto was added a solution of 6-chloro-3-formylpyridine (660 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. After warming to room temperature, thereto was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=80:20→60:40) to give (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)(6-isopropyloxy-pyridin-3-yl)methanol (733 mg, yield: 57%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 279/281 [M+H]⁺

(2) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (1) (733 mg) and triethylamine (735 μL) in methylene chloride (12 mL) was added dropwise methanesulfonyl chloride (245 μL) under ice cooling and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. Thereto was added (3R)-(+)-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (637 mg) and acetonitrile (25 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 18 hours. Thereto was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=90:10→67:33) to give (3R)-1-[(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-pyrrolidine (635 mg, yield: 54%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 447/449 [M+H]⁺

(3) To a solution of the compound obtained in the above step (2) (506 mg) in 2-propanol (15 mL) was added sodium isopropoxide (411 mg) and the mixture was stirred by using a microwave synthesizer (Biotage LTD.) at 155° C. for 2 hours. Thereto was added an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give (3R)-3-amino-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)(6-isopropyl-oxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine (476 mg) as a brown oil.

Reference Example 29

To a solution of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1.5 g) and methylethylamine (1.56 mL) in dimethylsulfoxide (9 mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.17 g) and the mixture was stirred by using a microwave synthesizer (Biotage LTD.) at 120° C. for 2 hours. Thereto was added water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=95:5→80:20) to give 4-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)benzaldehyde (1.89 g, yield: 89%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 164 [M+H]⁺

Reference Example 30

To a solution of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.22 g) in pyridine (5 mL) was added dimethylcarbamyl chloride (1.0 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. Thereto was added diluted HCl and ethyl acetate and stirred. The organic layer was extracted by diatomaceous earth column. The organic layer was concentrated and the resultant crude product was purified by a column chromatography on silica gel (solvent; hexane/ethyl acetate=80:20→60:40) to give 4-formylphenyl dimethylcarbamate (1.67 g, yield: 86%).

MS(APCI) m/z; 194 [M+H]⁺

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A compound [I] of the present invention may be useful as: (i) an agent for prevention and/or treatment of a CB1 receptor-mediated diseases exemplified as above; (ii) an agent for withdrawal from a chronic treatment, alcohol dependence, smoking dependence, nicotine dependence, or drug abuse (e.g., an opioid, barbiturate, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamine, phencyclidine, a hallucinogenic agent, a benzodiazepine compound and the like); or (iii) an agent for enhancing analgesic activity of analgesic or narcotic drugs and the like.

Claims

1. A compound of the formula [I]:

2. The compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which R1 and R2 are the same or different and a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or two halogen atoms, either one of R3 and R4 is a hydrogen atom, another is a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyloxy group, R5 is a hydrogen atom, Y is a single bond and R6 is a C3-10 mono- bi- or tri-cycloalkyl group (said cycloalkyl group being optionally fused to a benzene ring) optionally substituted by one to four groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (vi): (i) an oxo group; (ii) a C1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogenophenyl-carbonyl group; (iii) an amino-a C1-6 alkyl group (amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by a C1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (iv) an amino group optionally substituted by a C1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (v) a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; and (vi) a benzoyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms.

3. The compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which R1 and R2 are the same or different and a (a) phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C1-6 alkyloxy group, a trifluoro-C1-6 alkyl group, an amino group substituted by one or two groups selected from a C1-6 alkyl group and a C1-6 alkyloxy-C1-6 alkyl group and a di(C1-6 alkyl)carbamoyloxy group, or (b) a sulfur-, oxygen- or nitrogen-containing 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a C1-6 alkyloxy group, a di(C1-6 alkyl)amino group, a C3-8 cycloalkyloxy group, a C3-8 cycloalkyl-C1-6 alkyloxy group and a trihalogeno-C1-6 alkyloxy group, one of R3 and R4 is a hydrogen atom, another is a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyloxy group, R5 is a hydrogen atom, Y is a single bond and R6 is a saturated or unsaturated 3- to 14-membered, monocyclic- bicyclic- or tricyclic-heterocyclic group (said heterocyclic group optionally constituting a spiro-ring with a C3-8 cycloalkyl group) optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (xiv): (i) an oxo group; (ii) a halogen atom; (iii) a cyano group; (iv) a C1-6 alkyl group (said group being optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyloxy group, an imino group, a phenyl group and a pyrrolidinyl group); (v) an amino-C1-6 alkyl group (amino moiety of said group being optionally substituted by one or two C1-6 alkyl groups); (vi) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two C1-6 alkyl groups; (vii) a phenyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; (viii) a heterocyclic group selected from a furyl group, a pyridyl group and a pyrimidinyl group; (ix) a C1-6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted by one to three groups selected from halogen atoms and a phenyl group; (x) a C1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group; (xi) a C1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group; (xii) a C1-6 alkylsulfonyl group; (xiii) an aminosulfonyl group; (xiv) a benzenesulfonyl group optionally substituted by one to three halogen atoms; and (xv) a morpholinosulfonyl group.

4. The compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which R6 is a mono-, bi- or tri- cycloalkyl group (said cycloalkyl group being optionally fused by a benzene ring) substituted by the same or different one to four groups selected from an oxo group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a halogenobenzoyl-C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino group, a C1-6 alkyloxy-carbonylamino-C1-6 alkyl group, a halogenobenzoyl group, a phenyl group and a halogenophenyl group.

5. The compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which R6 is a heterocyclic group substituted by the same or different one to three groups selected from an oxo group, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkyloxy group, a diphenyl-C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a trifluoro-C1-6 alkyl group, a trifluoro-C1-6 alkyloxy group, a C1-6 alkyloxy-carbonyl group, a di(C1-6 alkylamino-C1-6 alkyl group, a di(C1-6 alkylamino group, a phenyl group, a chlorophenyl group, a pyrrolidinyl-C1-6 alkyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a furyl group, a C1-6 alkylsulfonyl group, an aminosulfonyl group, a morpholinosulfonyl group, a benzene-sulfonyl group, a C1-6 alkyloxy-imino-C1-6 alkyl group, a chlorobenzenesulfonyl group, a benzyl group and a benzyloxy group.

6. The compound according to claim 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which one of R3 and R4 is a hydrogen atom and the other is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-6 alkyloxy group or a morpholino group.

7. A compound selected from the group consisting of: (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thenoyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-isopropyloxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[(6-cyanonicotinoyl)amino]pyrrolidine,(3R)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine; (3R)-1-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-isopropyloxyphenyl)(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-ethoxythiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine; (3R)-1-[bis-(6-isopropyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine; (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-dimethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(2-diethylaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-[N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylaminophenyl]]-methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-[N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methylaminophenyl]]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[4-(N-isopropyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl) [4-(N-ethyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl) [4-(N-methyl-N-n-propylamino)phenyl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclobutyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine;(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)(6-cyclopentyloxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine; (3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(3-pentyloxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidine; and(3R)-1-[(4-cyanophenyl)[6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-3-[[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]pyrrolidineor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.