The present application is a national phase application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2017/052990, filed Feb. 10, 2017, which claims priority to Great Britain Application No. 1602359.0, filed Feb. 10, 2016, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted in ASCII format via EFS-Web and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Dec. 17, 2018, is named EFSLIVE-17422095-v1-Sequence_listing_for_national_phase.txt and is 47,774 bytes in size.
The present invention relates to conjugates comprising a specific pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD), and the precursor drug linker used to make such conjugates.
Some pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) have the ability to recognise and bond to specific sequences of DNA; the preferred sequence is PuGPu. The first PBD antitumour antibiotic, anthramycin, was discovered in 1965 (Leimgruber, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 87, 5793-5795 (1965); Leimgruber, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 87, 5791-5793 (1965)). Since then, a number of naturally occurring PBDs have been reported, and over 10 synthetic routes have been developed to a variety of analogues (Thurston, et al., Chem. Rev. 1994, 433-465 (1994)). Family members include abbeymycin (Hochlowski, et al., J. Antibiotics, 40, 145-148 (1987)), chicamycin (Konishi, et al., J. Antibiotics, 37, 200-206 (1984)), DC-81 (Japanese Patent 58-180 487; Thurston, et al., Chem. Brit., 26, 767-772 (1990); Bose, et al., Tetrahedron, 48, 751-758 (1992)), mazethramycin (Kuminoto, et al., J. Antibiotics, 33, 665-667 (1980)), neothramycins A and B (Takeuchi, et al., J. Antibiotics, 29, 93-96 (1976)), porothramycin (Tsunakawa, et al., J. Antibiotics, 41, 1366-1373 (1988)), prothracarcin (Shimizu, et al, J. Antibiotics, 29, 2492-2503 (1982); Langley and Thurston, J. Org. Chem., 52, 91-97 (1987)), sibanomicin (DC-102)(Hara, et al., J. Antibiotics, 41, 702-704 (1988); Itoh, et al., J. Antibiotics, 41, 1281-1284 (1988)), sibiromycin (Leber, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 2992-2993 (1988)) and tomamycin (Arima, et al., J. Antibiotics, 25, 437-444 (1972)). PBDs are of the general structure:
They differ in the number, type and position of substituents, in both their aromatic A rings and pyrrolo C rings, and in the degree of saturation of the C ring. In the B-ring there is either an imine (N═C), a carbinolamine (NH—CH(OH)), or a carbinolamine methyl ether (NH—CH(OMe)) at the N10-C11 position which is the electrophilic centre responsible for alkylating DNA. All of the known natural products have an (S)-configuration at the chiral C11a position which provides them with a right-handed twist when viewed from the C ring towards the A ring. This gives them the appropriate three-dimensional shape for isohelicity with the minor groove of B-form DNA, leading to a snug fit at the binding site (Kohn, In Antibiotics III. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 3-11 (1975); Hurley and Needham-VanDevanter, Acc. Chem. Res., 19, 230-237 (1986)). Their ability to form an adduct in the minor groove, enables them to interfere with DNA processing, hence their use as antitumour agents.
It has been previously disclosed that the biological activity of this molecules can be potentiated by joining two PBD units together through their C8/C′-hydroxyl functionalities via a flexible alkylene linker (Bose, D. S., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 4939-4941 (1992); Thurston, D. E., et al., J. Org. Chem., 61, 8141-8147 (1996)). The PBD dimers are thought to form sequence-selective DNA lesions such as the palindromic 5′-Pu-GATC-Py-3′ interstrand cross-link (Smellie, M., et al., Biochemistry, 42, 8232-8239 (2003); Martin, C., et al., Biochemistry, 44, 4135-4147) which is thought to be mainly responsible for their biological activity.
One example of a PBD dimer is SG2000 (SJG-136):
(Gregson, S., et al., J. Med. Chem., 44, 737-748 (2001); Alley, M. C., et al., Cancer Research, 64, 6700-6706 (2004); Hartley, J. A., et al., Cancer Research, 64, 6693-6699 (2004)) which has been involved in clinical trials as a standalone agent, for example, NCT02034227 investigating its use in treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (see: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02034227).
Dimeric PBD compounds bearing C2 aryl substituents, such as SG2202 (ZC-207), are disclosed in WO 2005/085251:
and in WO2006/111759, bisulphites of such PBD compounds, for example SG2285 (ZC-423):
These compounds have been shown to be highly useful cytotoxic agents (Howard, P. W., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. (2009), doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.012).
In an impact study submitted to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) in the United Kingdom by University College London (available at http://impact.ref.ac.uk/casestudies2/refservice.svc/GetCaseStudyPDF/35393, it was commented that:
“The next generation of PBD dimers, which are more potent than SG2000, have been developed, including SG2057 and SG2202. They exhibit picomolar/sub-picomolar activity against a range of human tumour cell lines and demonstrate curative activity in human tumour xenograft models.” making reference to:
Hartley J A, et al., DNA interstrand cross-linking and in vivo antitumor activity of the extended pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine dimer SG2057. Invest New Drugs. 2012 June; 30(3):950-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10637-011-9647-7 (herein after “Hartley et al (2012)”)
and:
“The ability to generate such cytotoxic molecules that display exquisite potency suggested a potential role in strategies aimed at targeting and releasing highly cytotoxic agents directly at a tumour site. An example is as the ‘warhead’ component of an antibody drug conjugate (ADC). The fully synthetic PBD dimers are ideally suited for the role of warhead in an ADC approach.”
The Hartley et al (2012) paper comments in its summary that “SG2057 is therefore a highly active antitumour agent, with more potent in vitro activity and superior in vivo activity to SG2000, warranting further development”.
SG2057 has the structure:
Antibody drug conjugates using SG2057 as a warhead were first disclosed in WO 2011/130598. For example, claim 54 of this application includes the formula:
wherein n is from 1 to 24, more preferably 4 to 8. The following drug linkers were exemplified: n=4, 15c; n=8, 15d; n=24, 15e.
Claim 54 of this application also includes the formula:
wherein n is from 1 to 24, more preferably 4 to 8. The following drug linkers were exemplified: n=8, 58; n=24, 61.
WO 2011/130598 also discloses antibody-drug conjugates including these drug linkers, for example 110 (antiSteap1-15d), example 114 (tastuzumab-15d) and example 115 (tastuzumab-58).
WO 2013/055987 discloses the drug linkers 14 and 22:
and their use in antibody-drug conjugates.
The present inventors have surprisingly found that although SG2000 is at least 10 times less cytotoxic than SG2057 (see Hartley et al 2012), particular antibody-drug conjugates appear to show at least comparable activity. These conjugates have been shown to have surprisingly well tolerated in toxicity studies in a variety of species. This leads to the conjugates exhibiting high therapeutic indices and thus are promising clinical candidates.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides Conjugates of formula I:
L-(DL)p (I)
wherein Lisa Ligand unit (i.e., a targeting agent), D is a Drug Linker unit of formula II:
wherein p is an integer of from 1 to 20.
The Ligand unit, described more fully below, is a targeting agent that binds to a target moiety. The Ligand unit can, for example, specifically bind to a cell component (a Cell Binding Agent) or to other target molecules of interest. The Ligand unit can be, for example, a protein, polypeptide or peptide, such as an antibody, an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody, or other binding agent, such as an Fc fusion protein.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula Ill:
wherein R is an optional —NO2 substituent which may be in any available ring position.
A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of a conjugate of the first aspect of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a proliferative disease. The third aspect also provides a conjugate of the first aspect of the invention for use in the treatment of a proliferative disease. The third aspect also provides a method of treating a proliferative disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugate of the first aspect of the invention to a patient in need thereof.
One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to determine whether or not a candidate conjugate treats a proliferative condition for any particular cell type. For example, assays which may conveniently be used to assess the activity offered by a particular compound are described in the examples below.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides the synthesis of a conjugate of the first aspect of the invention comprising conjugating a compound (drug linker) of the second aspect of the invention with a Ligand Unit.
In the second aspect, the compound may be selected from A, B and C:
In the present invention, in some embodiments, the chiral centre indicated by * below:
has the following stereochemistry:
In other embodiments, it has the following stereochemistry:
Ligand Unit
The Ligand Unit may be of any kind, and include a protein, polypeptide, peptide and a non-peptidic agent that specifically binds to a target molecule. In some embodiments, the Ligand unit may be a protein, polypeptide or peptide. In some embodiments, the Ligand unit may be a cyclic polypeptide. These Ligand units can include antibodies or a fragment of an antibody that contains at least one target molecule-binding site, lymphokines, hormones, growth factors, or any other cell binding molecule or substance that can specifically bind to a target.
The terms “specifically binds” and “specific binding” refer to the binding of an antibody or other protein, polypeptide or peptide to a predetermined molecule (e.g., an antigen). Typically, the antibody or other molecule binds with an affinity of at least about 1×107 M−1, and binds to the predetermined molecule with an affinity that is at least two-fold greater than its affinity for binding to a non-specific molecule (e.g., BSA, casein) other than the predetermined molecule or a closely-related molecule.
Examples of Ligand units include those agents described for use in WO 2007/085930, which is incorporated herein.
In some embodiments, the Ligand unit is a Cell Binding Agent that binds to an extracellular target on a cell. Such a Cell Binding Agent can be a protein, polypeptide, peptide or a non-peptidic agent. In some embodiments, the Cell Binding Agent may be a protein, polypeptide or peptide. In some embodiments, the Cell Binding Agent may be a cyclic polypeptide. The Cell Binding Agent also may be antibody or an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody. Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC).
Cell Binding Agent
A cell binding agent may be of any kind, and include peptides and non-peptides. These can include antibodies or a fragment of an antibody that contains at least one binding site, lymphokines, hormones, hormone mimetics, vitamins, growth factors, nutrient-transport molecules, or any other cell binding molecule or substance.
Peptides
In one embodiment, the cell binding agent is a linear or cyclic peptide comprising 4-30, preferably 6-20, contiguous amino acid residues. In this embodiment, it is preferred that one cell binding agent is linked to one monomer or dimer pyrrolobenzodiazepine compound.
In one embodiment the cell binding agent comprises a peptide that binds integrin αvβ6. The peptide may be selective for αvβ6 over XYS.
In one embodiment the cell binding agent comprises the A20FMDV-Cys polypeptide. The A20FMDV-Cys has the sequence: NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVARTC. Alternatively, a variant of the A20FMDV-Cys sequence may be used wherein one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten amino acid residues are substituted with another amino acid residue. Furthermore, the polypeptide may have the sequence NAVXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXRTC.
Antibodies
The term “antibody” herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, dimers, multimers, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity (Miller et al (2003) Jour. of Immunology 170:4854-4861). Antibodies may be murine, human, humanized, chimeric, or derived from other species. An antibody is a protein generated by the immune system that is capable of recognizing and binding to a specific antigen. (Janeway, C., Travers, P., Walport, M., Shlomchik (2001) Immuno Biology, 5th Ed., Garland Publishing, New York). A target antigen generally has numerous binding sites, also called epitopes, recognized by CDRs on multiple antibodies. Each antibody that specifically binds to a different epitope has a different structure. Thus, one antigen may have more than one corresponding antibody. An antibody includes a full-length immunoglobulin molecule or an immunologically active portion of a full-length immunoglobulin molecule, i.e., a molecule that contains an antigen binding site that immunospecifically binds an antigen of a target of interest or part thereof, such targets including but not limited to, cancer cell or cells that produce autoimmune antibodies associated with an autoimmune disease. The immunoglobulin can be of any type (e.g. IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, and IgA), class (e.g. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule. The immunoglobulins can be derived from any species, including human, murine, or rabbit origin.
“Antibody fragments” comprise a portion of a full length antibody, generally the antigen binding or variable region thereof. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, and scFv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; fragments produced by a Fab expression library, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, CDR (complementary determining region), and epitope-binding fragments of any of the above which immunospecifically bind to cancer cell antigens, viral antigens or microbial antigens, single-chain antibody molecules; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e. the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. Furthermore, in contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations which include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes), each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. In addition to their specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they may be synthesized uncontaminated by other antibodies. The modifier “monoclonal” indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al (1975) Nature 256:495, or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567). The monoclonal antibodies may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al (1991) Nature, 352:624-628; Marks et al (1991) J. Mol. Biol., 222:581-597 or from transgenic mice carrying a fully human immunoglobulin system (Lonberg (2008) Curr. Opinion 20(4):450-459).
The monoclonal antibodies herein specifically include “chimeric” antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the chain(s) is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such antibodies, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6851-6855). Chimeric antibodies include “primatized” antibodies comprising variable domain antigen-binding sequences derived from a non-human primate (e.g. Old World Monkey or Ape) and human constant region sequences.
An “intact antibody” herein is one comprising a VL and VH domains, as well as a light chain constant domain (CL) and heavy chain constant domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. The constant domains may be native sequence constant domains (e.g. human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof. The intact antibody may have one or more “effector functions” which refer to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region (a native sequence Fc region or amino acid sequence variant Fc region) of an antibody. Examples of antibody effector functions include C1q binding; complement dependent cytotoxicity; Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; and down regulation of cell surface receptors such as B cell receptor and BCR.
Depending on the amino acid sequence of the constant domain of their heavy chains, intact antibodies can be assigned to different “classes.” There are five major classes of intact antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into “subclasses” (isotypes), e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgA2. The heavy-chain constant domains that correspond to the different classes of antibodies are called α, δ, ε, γ, and μ, respectively. The subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations of different classes of immunoglobulins are well known.
Humanisation
Techniques to reduce the in vivo immunogenicity of a non-human antibody or antibody fragment include those termed “humanisation”.
A “humanized antibody” refers to a polypeptide comprising at least a portion of a modified variable region of a human antibody wherein a portion of the variable region, preferably a portion substantially less than the intact human variable domain, has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species and wherein the modified variable region is linked to at least another part of another protein, preferably the constant region of a human antibody. The expression “humanized antibodies” includes human antibodies in which one or more complementarity determining region (“CDR”) amino acid residues and/or one or more framework region (“FW” or “FR”) amino acid residues are substituted by amino acid residues from analogous sites in rodent or other non-human antibodies. The expression “humanized antibody” also includes an immunoglobulin amino acid sequence variant or fragment thereof that comprises an FR having substantially the amino acid sequence of a human immunoglobulin and a CDR having substantially the amino acid sequence of a non-human immunoglobulin.
“Humanized” forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric antibodies that contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. Or, looked at another way, a humanized antibody is a human antibody that also contains selected sequences from non-human (e.g. murine) antibodies in place of the human sequences. A humanized antibody can include conservative amino acid substitutions or non-natural residues from the same or different species that do not significantly alter its binding and/or biologic activity. Such antibodies are chimeric antibodies that contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulins.
There are a range of humanisation techniques, including ‘CDR grafting’, ‘guided selection’, ‘deimmunization’, ‘resurfacing’ (also known as ‘veneering’), ‘composite antibodies’, ‘Human String Content Optimisation’ and framework shuffling.
CDR Grafting
In this technique, the humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues from a complementary-determining region (CDR) of the recipient antibody are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, camel, bovine, goat, or rabbit having the desired properties (in effect, the non-human CDRs are ‘grafted’ onto the human framework). In some instances, framework region (FR) residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues (this may happen when, for example, a particular FR residue has significant effect on antigen binding).
Furthermore, humanized antibodies can comprise residues that are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences. These modifications are made to further refine and maximize antibody performance. Thus, in general, a humanized antibody will comprise all of at least one, and in one aspect two, variable domains, in which all or all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody optionally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), or that of a human immunoglobulin.
Guided Selection
The method consists of combining the VH or VL domain of a given non-human antibody specific for a particular epitope with a human VH or VL library and specific human V domains are selected against the antigen of interest. This selected human VH is then combined with a VL library to generate a completely human VH×VL combination. The method is described in Nature Biotechnology (N.Y.) 12, (1994) 899-903.
Composite Antibodies
In this method, two or more segments of amino acid sequence from a human antibody are combined within the final antibody molecule. They are constructed by combining multiple human VH and VL sequence segments in combinations which limit or avoid human T cell epitopes in the final composite antibody V regions. Where required, T cell epitopes are limited or avoided by, exchanging V region segments contributing to or encoding a T cell epitope with alternative segments which avoid T cell epitopes. This method is described in US 2008/0206239 A1.
Deimmunization
This method involves the removal of human (or other second species) T-cell epitopes from the V regions of the therapeutic antibody (or other molecule). The therapeutic antibodies V-region sequence is analysed for the presence of MHC class II-binding motifs by, for example, comparison with databases of MHC-binding motifs (such as the “motifs” database hosted at www.wehi.edu.au). Alternatively, MHC class II-binding motifs may be identified using computational threading methods such as those devised by Altuvia et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 249 244-250 (1995)); in these methods, consecutive overlapping peptides from the V-region sequences are testing for their binding energies to MHC class II proteins. This data can then be combined with information on other sequence features which relate to successfully presented peptides, such as amphipathicity, Rothbard motifs, and cleavage sites for cathepsin B and other processing enzymes.
Once potential second species (e.g. human) T-cell epitopes have been identified, they are eliminated by the alteration of one or more amino acids. The modified amino acids are usually within the T-cell epitope itself, but may also be adjacent to the epitope in terms of the primary or secondary structure of the protein (and therefore, may not be adjacent in the primary structure). Most typically, the alteration is by way of substitution but, in some circumstances amino acid addition or deletion will be more appropriate.
All alterations can be accomplished by recombinant DNA technology, so that the final molecule may be prepared by expression from a recombinant host using well established methods such as Site Directed Mutagenesis. However, the use of protein chemistry or any other means of molecular alteration is also possible.
Resurfacing
This method involves:
Superhumanization
The method compares the non-human sequence with the functional human germline gene repertoire. Those human genes encoding canonical structures identical or closely related to the non-human sequences are selected. Those selected human genes with highest homology within the CDRs are chosen as FR donors. Finally, the non-human CDRs are grafted onto these human FRs. This method is described in patent WO 2005/079479 A2.
Human String Content Optimization
This method compares the non-human (e.g. mouse) sequence with the repertoire of human germline genes and the differences are scored as Human String Content (HSC) that quantifies a sequence at the level of potential MHC/T-cell epitopes. The target sequence is then humanized by maximizing its HSC rather than using a global identity measure to generate multiple diverse humanized variants (described in Molecular Immunology, 44, (2007) 1986-1998).
Framework Shuffling
The CDRs of the non-human antibody are fused in-frame to cDNA pools encompassing all known heavy and light chain human germline gene frameworks. Humanised antibodies are then selected by e.g. panning of the phage displayed antibody library. This is described in Methods 36, 43-60 (2005).
Examples of cell binding agents include those agents described for use in WO 2007/085930, which is incorporated herein.
Tumour-associate antigens and cognate antibodies for use in embodiments of the present invention are listed below.
Tumor-Associated Antigens and Cognate Antibodies
(1) BMPR1B (Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-Type IB)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_001203
Genbank version no. NM_001203.2 GI:169790809
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:06 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001194
Genbank version no. NP_001194.1 GI:4502431
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:06 PM
ten Dijke, P., et al Science 264 (5155): 101-104 (1994), Oncogene 14 (11):1377-1382 (1997)); WO2004/063362 (Claim 2); WO2003/042661 (Claim 12);
US2003/134790-A1 (Page 38-39); WO2002/102235 (Claim 13; Page 296);
WO2003/055443 (Page 91-92); WO2002/99122 (Example 2; Page 528-530); WO2003/029421 (Claim 6); WO2003/024392 (Claim 2; FIG. 112); WO2002/98358 (Claim 1; Page 183); WO2002/54940 (Page 100-101); WO2002/59377 (Page 349-350); WO2002/30268 (Claim 27; Page 376); 15 WO2001/48204 (Example; FIG. 4); NP_001194 bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB/pid=NP_001194.1.; MIM:603248; AY065994
(2) E16 (LAT1, SLC7A5)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_003486
Genbank version no. NM_003486.5 GI:71979931
Genbank record update date: Jun. 27, 2012 12:06 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_003477
Genbank version no. NP_003477.4 GI:71979932
Genbank record update date: Jun. 27, 2012 12:06 PM
Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun. 255 (2), 283-288 (1999), Nature 395 (6699):288-291 (1998), Gaugitsch, H. W., et 20 al (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267 (16):11267-11273); WO2004/048938 (Example 2); WO2004/032842 (Example IV); WO2003/042661 (Claim 12); WO2003/016475 (Claim 1); WO2002/78524 (Example 2); WO2002/99074 (Claim 19; Page 127-129); WO2002/86443 (Claim 27; Pages 222, 393); WO2003/003906 (Claim 10; Page 293); WO2002/64798 (Claim 33; Page 93-95); WO2000/14228 (Claim 5; Page 133-136); US2003/224454 (FIG. 3); 25 WO2003/025138 (Claim 12; Page 150); NP_003477 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+system), member 5/pid=NP_003477.3—Homo sapiens; MIM:600182; NM_015923.
(3) STEAP1 (Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_012449
Genbank version no. NM_012449.2 GI:22027487
Genbank record update date: Sep. 9, 2012 02:57 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_036581
Genbank version no. NP_036581.1 GI:9558759
Genbank record update date: Sep. 9, 2012 02:57 PM
Cancer Res. 61 (15), 5857-5860 (2001), Hubert, R. S., et al (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (25):14523-14528); WO2004/065577 (Claim 6); WO2004/027049 (FIG. 1L); EP1394274 (Example 11); WO2004/016225 (Claim 2); WO2003/042661 (Claim 12); US2003/157089 (Example 5); US2003/185830 (Example 5); US2003/064397 (FIG. 2); WO2002/89747 (Example 5; Page 618-619); WO2003/022995 (Example 9; FIG. 13A, 35 Example 53; Page 173, Example 2;
(4) 0772P (CA125, MUC16)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AF361486
Genbank version no. AF361486.3 GI:34501466
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 07:56 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAK74120
Genbank version no. AAK74120.3 GI:34501467
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 07:56 AM
J. Biol. Chem. 276 (29):27371-27375 (2001)); WO2004/045553 (Claim 14); WO2002/92836 (Claim 6; FIG. 12); WO2002/83866 (Claim 15; Page 116-121); US2003/124140 (Example 16); GI:34501467;
(5) MPF (MPF, MSLN, SMR, Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor, Mesothelin)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_005823
Genbank version no. NM_005823.5 GI:293651528
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:47 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_005814
Genbank version no. NP_005814.2 GI:53988378
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:47 PM
Yamaguchi, N., et al Biol. Chem. 269 (2), 805-808 (1994), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (20):11531-11536 (1999), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (1):136-140 (1996), J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37):21984-21990 (1995)); WO2003/101283 (Claim 14); (WO2002/102235 (Claim 13; Page 287-288); WO2002/101075 (Claim 4; Page 308-309); WO2002/71928 (Page 320-321); WO94/10312 (Page 52-57); IM:601051.
(6) Napi3b (NAPI-3B, NPTIIb, SLC34A2, Solute Carrier Family 34 (Sodium Phosphate), Member 2, Type II Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transporter 3b)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_006424
Genbank version no. NM_006424.2 GI:110611905
Genbank record update date: Jul. 22, 2012 03:39 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_006415
Genbank version no. NP_006415.2 GI:110611906
Genbank record update date: Jul. 22, 2012 03:39 PM
J. Biol. Chem. 277 (22):19665-19672 (2002), Genomics 62 (2):281-284 (1999), Feild, J. A., et al (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 258 (3):578-582); WO2004/022778 (Claim 2); EP1394274 (Example 11); WO2002/102235 (Claim 13; Page 326); EP0875569 (Claim 1; Page 17-19); WO2001/57188 (Claim 20; Page 329); WO2004/032842 (Example IV); WO2001/75177 (Claim 24; Page 139-140); MIM:604217.
(7) Sema 5b (FLJ10372, KIAA1445, Mm.42015, SEMA58, SEMAG, Semaphorin 5b Hlog, 25 Sema Domain, Seven Thrombospondin Repeats (Type 1 and Type 1-Like), Transmembrane Domain (TM) and Short Cytoplasmic Domain, (Semaphorin) 58)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AB040878
Genbank version no. AB040878.1 GI:7959148
Genbank record update date: Aug. 2, 2006 05:40 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. BAA95969
Genbank version no. BAA95969.1 GI:7959149 Genbank record update date: Aug. 2, 2006 05:40 PM
Nagase T., et al (2000) DNA Res. 7 (2):143-150); WO2004/000997 (Claim 1); WO2003/003984 (Claim 1); WO2002/06339 (Claim 1; Page 50); WO2001/88133 (Claim 1; Page 41-43, 48-58); WO2003/054152 (Claim 20); WO2003/101400 (Claim 11); Accession: 30 Q9P283; Genew; HGNC:10737
(8) PSCA HIg (2700050C12Rik, C530008O16Rik, RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12, RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12 Gene)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AY358628
Genbank version no. AY358628.1 GI:37182377
Genbank record update date: Dec. 1, 2009 04:15 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAQ88991
Genbank version no. AAQ88991.1 GI:37182378
Genbank record update date: Dec. 1, 2009 04:15 AM
Ross et al (2002) Cancer Res. 62:2546-2553; US2003/129192 (Claim 2); US2004/044180 (Claim 12); US2004/044179 (Claim 11); US2003/096961 (Claim 11); US2003/232056 (Example 5); WO2003/105758 16 (Claim 12); US2003/206918 (Example 5); EP1347046 (Claim 1); WO2003/025148 (Claim 20); GI:37182378.
(9) ETBR (Endothelin Type B Receptor)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AY275463
Genbank version no. AY275463.1 GI:30526094
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 02:26 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAP32295
Genbank version no. AAP32295.1 GI:30526095
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 02:26 AM
Nakamuta M., et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177, 34-39, 1991; Ogawa Y., et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178, 248-255, 1991; Arai H., et al Jpn. Circ. J. 56, 1303-1307, 1992; Arai H., et al J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3463-3470, 1993; Sakamoto A., Yanagisawa M., et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178, 656-663, 1991; Elshourbagy N. A., et al J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3873-3879, 1993; Haendler B., et al J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 20, s1-S4, 1992; Tsutsumi M., et al Gene 228, 43-49, 1999; Strausberg R. L., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 16899-16903, 2002; Bourgeois C., et al J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82, 3116-3123, 1997; Okamoto Y., et al Biol. Chem. 272, 21589-21596, 1997; Verheij J. B., et al Am. J. Med. Genet. 108, 223-225, 2002; Hofstra R. M. W., et al Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 5, 180-185, 1997; Puffenberger E. G., et al Cell 79, 1257-1266, 1994; Attie T., et al, Hum. Mol. Genet. 4, 2407-2409, 1995; Auricchio A., et al Hum. Mol. Genet. 5:351-354, 1996; Amiel J., et al Hum. Mol. Genet. 5, 355-357, 1996; Hofstra R. M. W., et al Nat. Genet. 12, 445-447, 1996; Svensson P. J., et al Hum. Genet. 103, 145-148, 1998; Fuchs S., et al Mol. Med. 7, 115-124, 2001; Pingault V., et al (2002) Hum. Genet. 111, 198-206; WO2004/045516 (Claim 1); WO2004/048938 (Example 2); WO2004/040000 (Claim 151); WO2003/087768 (Claim 1); 20 WO2003/016475 (Claim 1); WO2003/016475 (Claim 1); WO2002/61087 (FIG. 1); WO2003/016494 (FIG. 6); WO2003/025138 (Claim 12; Page 144); WO2001/98351 (Claim 1; Page 124-125); EP0522868 (Claim 8; FIG. 2); WO2001/77172 (Claim 1; Page 297-299); US2003/109676; U.S. Pat. No. 6,518,404 (FIG. 3); U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,223 (Claim 1a; Col 31-34); WO2004/001004.
(10) MSG783 (RNF124, Hypothetical Protein FLJ20315)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_017763
Genbank version no. NM_017763.4 GI:167830482
Genbank record update date: Jul. 22, 2012 12:34 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_060233
Genbank version no. NP_060233.3 GI:56711322
Genbank record update date: Jul. 22, 2012 12:34 AM
WO2003/104275 (Claim 1); WO2004/046342 (Example 2); WO2003/042661 (Claim 12); WO2003/083074 (Claim 14; Page 61); WO2003/018621 (Claim 1); WO2003/024392 (Claim 2; FIG. 93); WO2001/66689 (Example 6); LocusID: 54894.
(11) STEAP2 (HGNC 8639, IPCA-1, PCANAP1, STAMP1, STEAP2, STMP, Prostate Cancer Associated Gene 1, Prostate Cancer Associated Protein 1, Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 2, Six Transmembrane Prostate Protein)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AF455138
Genbank version no. AF455138.1 GI:22655487
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 01:54 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAN04080
Genbank version no. AAN04080.1 GI:22655488
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 01:54 AM
Lab. Invest. 82 (11):1573-1582 (2002)); WO2003/087306; US2003/064397 (Claim 1; FIG. 1); WO2002/72596 (Claim 13; Page 54-55); WO2001/72962 (Claim 1; FIG. 4B); WO2003/104270 (Claim 11); WO2003/104270 (Claim 16); US2004/005598 (Claim 22); WO2003/042661 (Claim 12); US2003/060612 (Claim 12; FIG. 10); WO2002/26822 (Claim 23; FIG. 2); WO2002/16429 (Claim 12; FIG. 10); GI:22655488.
(12) TrpM4 (BR22450, FLJ20041, TRPM4, TRPM4B, Transient Receptor Potential Cation 5 Channel, Subfamily M, Member 4)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_017636
Genbank version no. NM_017636.3 GI:304766649
Genbank record update date: Jun. 29, 2012 11:27 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_060106
Genbank version no. NP_060106.2 GI:21314671
Genbank record update date: Jun. 29, 2012 11:27 AM
Xu, X. Z., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (19):10692-10697 (2001), Cell 109 (3):397-407 (2002), J. Biol. Chem. 278 (33):30813-30820 (2003)); US2003/143557 (Claim 4); WO2000/40614 (Claim 14; Page 100-103); WO2002/10382 (Claim 1; FIG. 9A); WO2003/042661 (Claim 12); WO2002/30268 (Claim 27; Page 391); US2003/219806 (Claim 4); WO2001/62794 (Claim 14; FIG. 1A-D); MIM:606936.
(13) CRIPTO (CR, CR1, CRGF, CRIPTO, TDGF1, Teratocarcinoma-Derived Growth Factor)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_003212
Genbank version no. NM_003212.3 GI:292494881
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:27 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_003203
Genbank version no. NP_003203.1 GI:4507425
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:27 PM
Ciccodicola, A., et al EMBO J. 8 (7):1987-1991 (1989), Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49 (3):555-565 (1991)); US2003/224411 (Claim 1); WO2003/083041 (Example 1); WO2003/034984 (Claim 12); WO2002/88170 (Claim 2; Page 52-53); WO2003/024392 (Claim 2; FIG. 58); WO2002/16413 (Claim 1; Page 94-95, 105); WO2002/22808 (Claim 2; FIG. 1); U.S. Pat. No. 5,854,399 (Example 2; Col 17-18); U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,616 (FIG. 2); MIM:187395.
(14) CD21 (CR2 (Complement Receptor 2) or C3DR (C3d/Epstein Barr Virus Receptor) or Hs. 73792)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M26004
Genbank version no. M26004.1 GI:181939
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA35786
Genbank version no. AAA35786.1 GI:181940
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Fujisaku et al (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264 (4):2118-2125); Weis J. J., et al J. Exp. Med. 167, 1047-1066, 1988; Moore M., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 9194-9198, 1987; Barel M., et al Mol. Immunol. 35, 1025-1031, 1998; Weis J. J., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 5639-5643, 1986; Sinha S. K., et al (1993) J. Immunol. 150, 5311-5320; WO2004/045520 (Example 4); US2004/005538 (Example 1); WO2003/062401 (Claim 9); WO2004/045520 (Example 4); WO91/02536 (FIGS. 9.1-9.9); WO2004/020595 (Claim 1); Accession: P20023; Q13866; Q14212; EMBL; M26004; AAA35786.1.
(15) CD79b (CD798, CD79β, IGb (Immunoglobulin-Associated Beta), 829)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_000626
Genbank version no. NM_000626.2 GI:90193589
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 01:53 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_000617
Genbank version no. NP_000617.1 GI:11038674
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 01:53 PM
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2003) 100 (7):4126-4131, Blood (2002) 100 (9):3068-3076, Muller et al (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (6):1621-1625); WO2004/016225 (Claim 2, FIG. 140); WO2003/087768, US2004/101874 (Claim 1, page 102); WO2003/062401 (Claim 9); WO2002/78524 (Example 2); US2002/150573 (Claim 35 5, page 15); U.S. Pat. No. 5,644,033; WO2003/048202 (Claim 1, pages 306 and 309); WO 99/58658, U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,482 (Claim 13, FIG. 17A/B); WO2000/55351 (Claim 11, pages 1145-1146); MIM:147245
(16) FcRH2 (IFGP4, IRTA4, SPAP1A (SH2 Domain Containing Phosphatase Anchor Protein 5 1a), SPAP18, SPAP1C)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_030764
Genbank version no. NM_030764.3 GI:227430280
Genbank record update date: Jun. 30, 2012 12:30 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_110391
Genbank version no. NP_110391.2 GI:19923629
Genbank record update date: Jun. 30, 2012 12:30 AM
AY358130); Genome Res. 13 (10):2265-2270 (2003), Immunogenetics 54 (2):87-95 (2002), Blood 99 (8):2662-2669 (2002), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (17):9772-9777 (2001), Xu, M. J., et al (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 280 (3):768-775; WO2004/016225 (Claim 2); WO2003/077836; WO2001/38490 (Claim 5; FIG. 18D-1-18D-2); WO2003/097803 (Claim 12); 10 WO2003/089624 (Claim 25); MIM:606509.
(17) HER2 (ErbB2)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M11730
Genbank version no. M11730.1 GI:183986
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA75493
Genbank version no. AAA75493.1 GI:306840
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Coussens L., et al Science (1985) 230(4730):1132-1139); Yamamoto T., et al Nature 319, 230-234, 1986; Semba K., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 6497-6501, 1985; Swiercz J. M., et al J. Cell Biol. 165, 869-880, 2004; Kuhns J. J., et al J. Biol. Chem. 274, 36422-36427, 1999; Cho H.-S., et al Nature 421, 756-760, 2003; Ehsani A., et al (1993) Genomics 15, 426-429; WO2004/048938 (Example 2); WO2004/027049 (FIG. 11); WO2004/009622; WO2003/081210; WO2003/089904 (Claim 9); WO2003/016475 (Claim 1); US2003/118592; WO2003/008537 (Claim 1); WO2003/055439 (Claim 29; FIG. 1A-B); WO2003/025228 (Claim 37; FIG. 5C); 20 WO2002/22636 (Example 13; Page 95-107); WO2002/12341 (Claim 68; FIG. 7); WO2002/13847 (Page 71-74); WO2002/14503 (Page 114-117); WO2001/53463 (Claim 2; Page 41-46); WO2001/41787 (Page 15); WO2000/44899 (Claim 52; FIG. 7); WO2000/20579 (Claim 3; FIG. 2); U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,445 (Claim 3; Col 31-38); WO9630514 (Claim 2; Page 56-61); EP1439393 (Claim 7); WO2004/043361 (Claim 7); WO2004/022709; WO2001/00244 25 (Example 3; FIG. 4); Accession: P04626; EMBL; M11767; AAA35808.1. EMBL; M11761; AAA35808.1
Antibodies
Abbott: US20110177095
Biogen: US20100119511
Herceptin (Genentech)—U.S. Pat. No. 6,054,297; ATCC accession no. CRL-10463 (Genentech)
Pertuzumab (Genentech)
Glycotope: TrasGEX antibody http://www.glycotope.com/pipeline
Symphogen: US20110217305
Union Stem Cell &Gene Engineering, China—Liu H Q., et al Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 May; 26(5):456-8.
(18) NCA (CEACAM6)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M18728
Genbank version no. M18728.1 GI:189084
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:48 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA59907
Genbank version no. AAA59907.1 GI:189085
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:48 AM
Barnett T., et al Genomics 3, 59-66, 1988; Tawaragi Y., et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150, 89-96, 1988; Strausberg R. L., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:16899-16903, 2002; WO2004/063709; EP1439393 (Claim 7); WO2004/044178 (Example 4); WO2004/031238; WO2003/042661 (Claim 12); WO2002/78524 (Example 2); WO2002/86443 (Claim 27; Page 427); WO2002/60317 (Claim 2); Accession: P40199; Q14920; EMBL; M29541; AAA59915.1.
EMBL; M18728.
(19) MDP (DPEP1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no BC017023
Genbank version no. BC017023.1 GI:16877538
Genbank record update date: Mar. 6, 2012 01:00 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAH17023
Genbank version no. AAH17023.1 GI:16877539
Genbank record update date: Mar. 6, 2012 01:00 PM
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26):16899-16903 (2002)); WO2003/016475 (Claim 1); WO2002/64798 (Claim 33; Page 85-87); JP05003790 (FIG. 6-8); WO99/46284 (
(20) IL20R-Alpha (IL20Ra, ZCYTOR7)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AF184971
Genbank version no. AF184971.1 GI:6013324
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 10:00 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAF01320
Genbank version no. AAF01320.1 GI:6013325
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 10:00 PM
Clark H. F., et al Genome Res. 13, 2265-2270, 2003; Mungall A. J., et al Nature 425, 805-811, 2003; Blumberg H., et al Cell 104, 9-19, 2001; Dumoutier L., et al J. Immunol. 167, 3545-3549, 2001; Parrish-Novak J., et al J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47517-47523, 2002; Pletnev S., et al (2003) 10 Biochemistry 42:12617-12624; Sheikh F., et al (2004) J. Immunol. 172, 2006-2010; EP1394274 (Example 11); US2004/005320 (Example 5); WO2003/029262 (Page 74-75); WO2003/002717 (Claim 2; Page 63); WO2002/22153 (Page 45-47); US2002/042366 (Page 20-21); WO2001/46261 (Page 57-59); WO2001/46232 (Page 63-65); WO98/37193 (Claim 1; Page 55-59); Accession: Q9UHF4; Q6UWA9; Q96SH8; EMBL; AF184971; AAF01320.1.
(21) Brevican (BCAN, BEHAB)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AF229053
Genbank version no. AF229053.1 GI:10798902
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 12:58 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAG23135
Genbank version no. AAG23135.1 GI:10798903
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 12:58 AM
Gary S. C., et al Gene 256, 139-147, 2000; Clark H. F., et al Genome Res. 13, 2265-2270, 2003; Strausberg R. L., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 16899-16903, 2002; US2003/186372 (Claim 11); US2003/186373 (Claim 11); US2003/119131 (Claim 1; FIG. 52); US2003/119122 (Claim 1; FIG. 52); US2003/119126 (Claim 1); US2003/119121 (Claim 1; FIG. 52); US2003/119129 (Claim 1); US2003/119130 (Claim 1); US2003/119128 (Claim 1; FIG. 52); US2003/119125 (Claim 1); WO2003/016475 (Claim 1); WO2002/02634 (Claim 1)
(22) EphB2R (DRT, ERK, Hek5, EPHT3, Tyro5)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_004442
Genbank version no. NM_004442.6 GI:111118979
Genbank record update date: Sep. 8, 2012 04:43 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_004433
Genbank version no. NP_004433.2 GI:21396504
Genbank record update date: Sep. 8, 2012 04:43 PM
Chan, J. and Watt, V. M., Oncogene 6 (6), 1057-1061 (1991) Oncogene 10 (5):897-905 (1995), Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21:309-345 (1998), Int. Rev. Cytol. 196:177-244 (2000)); WO2003042661 (Claim 12); WO200053216 (Claim 1; Page 41); WO2004065576 (Claim 1); WO2004020583 (Claim 9); WO2003004529 (Page 128-132); WO200053216 (Claim 1; Page 42); MIM:600997.
(23) ASLG659 (B7h)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AX092328
Genbank version no. AX092328.1 GI:13444478
Genbank record update date: Jan. 26, 2011 07:37 AM
US2004/0101899 (Claim 2); WO2003104399 (Claim 11); WO2004000221 (FIG. 3); US2003/165504 (Claim 1); US2003/124140 (Example 2); US2003/065143 (FIG. 60); WO2002/102235 (Claim 13; Page 299); US2003/091580 (Example 2); WO2002/10187 (Claim 6; FIG. 10); WO2001/94641 (Claim 12; FIG. 7b); WO2002/02624 (Claim 13; FIG. 1A-1B); US2002/034749 (Claim 54; Page 45-46); WO2002/06317 (Example 2; Page 320-321, Claim 34; Page 321-322); WO2002/71928 (Page 468-469); WO2002/02587 (Example 1; FIG. 1); WO2001/40269 (Example 3; Pages 190-192); WO2000/36107 (Example 2; Page 205-207); WO2004/053079 (Claim 12); WO2003/004989 (Claim 1); WO2002/71928 (Page 233-234, 452-453); WO 01/16318.
(24) PSCA (Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Precursor)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AJ297436
Genbank version no. AJ297436.1 GI:9367211
Genbank record update date: Feb. 1, 2011 11:25 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAB97347
Genbank version no. CAB97347.1 GI:9367212
Genbank record update date: Feb. 1, 2011 11:25 AM
Reiter R. E., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 1735-1740, 1998; Gu Z., et al Oncogene 19, 1288-1296, 2000; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2000) 275(3):783-788; WO2004/022709; EP1394274 (Example 11); US2004/018553 (Claim 17); WO2003/008537 (Claim 1); WO2002/81646 (Claim 1; Page 164); WO2003/003906 (Claim 10; Page 288); WO2001/40309 (Example 1; FIG. 17); US2001/055751 (Example 1; FIG. 1b); WO2000/32752 (Claim 18; FIG. 1); WO98/51805 (Claim 17; Page 97); WO98/51824 (Claim 10; Page 94); WO98/40403 (Claim 2; FIG. 1B); Accession: 043653; EMBL; AF043498; AAC39607.1
(25) GEDA
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AY260763
Genbank version no. AY260763.1 GI:30102448
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 02:24 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAP14954
Genbank version no. AAP14954.1 GI:30102449
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 02:24 AM
AP14954 lipoma HMGIC fusion-partner like protein/pid=AAP14954.1—Homo sapiens (human); WO2003/054152 (Claim 20); WO2003/000842 (Claim 1); WO2003/023013 (Example 3, Claim 20); US2003/194704 (Claim 45); GI:30102449;
(26) BAFF-R (B Cell-Activating Factor Receptor, BLyS Receptor 3, BR3)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AF116456
Genbank version no. AF116456.1 GI:4585274
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 09:44 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAD25356
Genbank version no. AAD25356.1 GI:4585275
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 09:44 PM
BAFF receptor/pid=NP_443177.1—Homo sapiens: Thompson, J. S., et al Science 293 (5537), 2108-2111 (2001); WO2004/058309; WO2004/011611; WO2003/045422 (Example; Page 32-33); WO2003/014294 (Claim 35; FIG. 6B); WO2003/035846 (Claim 70; Page 615-616); WO2002/94852 (Col 136-137); WO2002/38766 (Claim 3; Page 133); WO2002/24909 (Example 3; FIG. 3); MIM:606269; NP_443177.1; NM_052945_1; AF132600
(27) CD22 (B-Cell Receptor CD22-B Isoform, BL-CAM, Lyb-8, Lyb8, SIGLEC-2, FLJ22814)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AK026467
Genbank version no. AK026467.1 GI:10439337
Genbank record update date: Sep. 11, 2006 11:24 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. BAB15489
Genbank version no. BAB15489.1 GI:10439338
Genbank record update date: Sep. 11, 2006 11:24 PM
Wilson et al (1991) J. Exp. Med. 173:137-146; WO2003/072036 (Claim 1; FIG. 1); IM:107266; NP_001762.1; NM_001771_1.
(27A) Cd22 (Cd22 Molecule)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no X52785
Genbank version no. X52785.1 GI:29778
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:09 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAA36988
Genbank version no. CAA36988.1 GI:29779
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:09 AM
Stamenkovic I. et al., Nature 345 (6270), 74-77 (1990)??
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD22
Other Aliases: SIGLEC-2, SIGLEC2
Other Designations: B-cell receptor CD22; B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule; BL-CAM; CD22 antigen; T-cell surface antigen Leu-14; sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 2; sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 2
Antibodies
G5/44 (Inotuzumab): DiJoseph J F., et al Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 January; 54(1):11-24.
Epratuzumab—Goldenberg D M., et al Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 6(10): 1341-53, 2006.
(28) CD79a (CD79A, CD79alpha), Immunoglobulin-Associated Alpha, a B Cell-Specific Protein that Covalently Interacts with Ig Beta (CD79B) and Forms a Complex on the Surface with Ig M
35 Molecules, Transduces a Signal Involved in B-Cell Differentiation), Pl: 4.84, MW: 25028 TM: 2
[P] Gene Chromosome: 19q13.2).
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_001783
Genbank version no. NM_001783.3 GI:90193587
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 01:48 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001774
Genbank version no. NP_001774.1 GI:4502685
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 01:48 PM
WO2003/088808, US2003/0228319; WO2003/062401 (Claim 9); US2002/150573 (Claim 4, pages 13-14); WO99/58658 (Claim 13, FIG. 16); WO92/07574 (FIG. 1); U.S. Pat. No. 5,644,033; Ha et al (1992) J. Immunol. 148(5):1526-1531; Müller et al (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22:1621-1625; Hashimoto et al (1994) Immunogenetics 40(4):287-295; Preud'homme et al (1992) Clin. Exp. 5 Immunol. 90(1):141-146; Yu et al (1992) J. Immunol. 148(2) 633-637; Sakaguchi et al (1988) EMBO J. 7(11):3457-3464
(29) CXCR5 (Burkitt's Lymphoma Receptor 1, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor that is Activated by the CXCL13 Chemokine, Functions in Lymphocyte Migration and Humoral Defense, Plays a 10 Role in HIV-2 Infection and Perhaps Development of AIDS, Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Leukemia); 372 Aa, Pl: 8.54 MW: 41959 TM: 7[P] Gene Chromosome: 11q23.3,
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_001716
Genbank version no. NM_001716.4 GI:342307092
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:49 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001707
Genbank version no. NP_001707.1 GI:4502415
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:49 PM
WO2004/040000; WO2004/015426; US2003/105292 (Example 2); U.S. Pat. No. 6,555,339 (Example 2); WO2002/61087 (FIG. 1); WO2001/57188 (Claim 20, page 269); WO2001/72830 (pages 12-13); WO2000/22129 (Example 1, pages 152-153, Example 2, pages 254-256); WO99/28468 (Claim 1, page 38); U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,021 (Example 2, col 49-52); WO94/28931 (pages 56-58); WO92/17497 (Claim 7, FIG. 5); Dobner et al (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22:2795-2799; Barella et al (1995) Biochem. J. 309:773-779
(30) HLA-DOB (Beta Subunit of MHC Class II Molecule (La Antigen) that Binds Peptides and 20 Presents them to CD4+T Lymphocytes); 273 Aa, Pl: 6.56, MW: 30820. TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 6p21.3)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_002120
Genbank version no. NM_002120.3 GI:118402587
Genbank record update date: Sep. 8, 2012 04:46 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_002111
Genbank version no. NP_002111.1 GI:4504403
Genbank record update date: Sep. 8, 2012 04:46 PM
Tonnelle et al (1985) EMBO J. 4(11):2839-2847; Jonsson et al (1989) Immunogenetics 29(6):411-413; Beck et al (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 228:433-441; Strausberg et al (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 99:16899-16903; Servenius et al (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262:8759-8766; Beck et al (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 255:1-13; Naruse et al (2002) Tissue Antigens 59:512-519; WO99/58658 (Claim 13, FIG. 15); U.S. Pat. No. 6,153,408 (Col 35-38); U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,551 (col 168-170); U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,146 (col 145-146); Kasahara et al (1989) Immunogenetics 30(1):66-68; Larhammar et al (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260(26):14111-14119
(31) P2X5 (Purinergic Receptor P2X Ligand-Gated Ion Channel 5, an Ion Channel Gated by Extracellular ATP, May be Involved in Synaptic Transmission and Neurogenesis, Deficiency May Contribute to the Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Detrusor Instability); 422 Aa), Pl: 7.63, MW: 47206 TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 17p13.3).
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_002561
Genbank version no. NM_002561.3 GI:325197202
Genbank record update date: Jun. 27, 2012 12:41 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_002552
Genbank version no. NP_002552.2 GI:28416933
Genbank record update date: Jun. 27, 2012 12:41 AM
Le et al (1997) FEBS Lett. 418(1-2):195-199; WO2004/047749; WO2003/072035 (Claim 10); Touchman et al (2000) Genome Res. 10:165-173; WO2002/22660 (Claim 20); WO2003/093444 (Claim 1); WO2003/087768 (Claim 1); WO2003/029277 (page 82)
(32) CD72 (B-Cell Differentiation Antigen CD72, Lyb-2); 359 Aa, Pl: 8.66, MW: 40225, TM: 1 5 [P] Gene Chromosome: 9p13.3).
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_001782
Genbank version no. NM_001782.2 GI:194018444
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 01:43 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001773
Genbank version no. NP_001773.1 GI:4502683
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 01:43 PM
WO2004042346 (Claim 65); WO2003/026493 (pages 51-52, 57-58); WO2000/75655 (pages 105-106); Von Hoegen et al (1990) J. Immunol. 144(12):4870-4877; Strausberg et al (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 99:16899-16903.
(33) LY64 (Lymphocyte Antigen 64 (RP105), Type I Membrane Protein of the Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) Family, Regulates B-Cell Activation and Apoptosis, Loss of Function is Associated with Increased Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosis); 661 Aa, Pl: 6.20, MW: 74147 TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 5q12).
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_005582
Genbank version no. NM_005582.2 GI:167555126
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:50 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_005573
Genbank version no. NP_005573.2 GI:167555127
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:50 PM
US2002/193567; WO97/07198 (Claim 11, pages 39-42); Miura et al (1996) Genomics 38(3):299-304; Miura et al (1998) Blood 92:2815-2822; WO2003/083047; WO97/44452 (Claim 8, pages 57-61); WO2000/12130 (pages 24-26).
(34) FcRH1 (Fc Receptor-Like Protein 1, a Putative Receptor for the Immunoglobulin Fc Domain that Contains C2 Type Ig-Like and ITAM Domains, May have a Role in B-Lymphocyte 20 Differentiation); 429 Aa, Pl: 5.28, MW: 46925 TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 1q21-1q22)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_052938
Genbank version no. NM_052938.4 GI:226958543
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:43 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_443170
Genbank version no. NP_443170.1 GI:16418419
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:43 PM
WO2003/077836; WO2001/38490 (Claim 6, FIG. 18E-1-18-E-2); Davis et al (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 98(17):9772-9777; WO2003/089624 (Claim 8); EP1347046 (Claim 1); WO2003/089624 (Claim 7).
(35) IRTA2 (Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor Translocation Associated 2, a Putative Immunoreceptor with Possible Roles in B Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis; Deregulation of the Gene by Translocation Occurs in Some B Cell Malignancies); 977 Aa, Pl: 6.88, MW: 106468, TM: 1 [P] Gene Chromosome: 1q21)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AF343662
Genbank version no. AF343662.1 GI:13591709
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 01:16 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAK31325
Genbank version no. AAK31325.1 GI:13591710
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 01:16 AM
AF343663, AF343664, AF343665, AF369794, AF397453, AK090423, AK090475, AL834187, AY358085; Mouse: AK089756, AY158090, AY506558; NP_112571.1; WO2003/024392 (Claim 2, FIG. 97); Nakayama et al (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 277(1):124-127; WO2003/077836; WO2001/38490 (Claim 3, FIG. 18B-1-18B-2).
(36) TENB2 (TMEFF2, Tomoregulin, TPEF, HPP1, TR, Putative Transmembrane 35 Proteoglycan, Related to the EGF/Heregulin Family of Growth Factors and Follistatin); 374 Aa)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no AF179274
Genbank version no. AF179274.2 GI:12280939
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 01:05 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAD55776
Genbank version no. AAD55776.2 GI:12280940
Genbank record update date: Mar. 11, 2010 01:05 AM
NCBI Accession: AAD55776, AAF91397, AAG49451, NCBI RefSeq: NP_057276; NCBI Gene: 23671; OMIM: 605734; SwissProt Q9UIK5; AY358907, CAF85723, CQ782436; WO2004/074320; JP2004113151; WO2003/042661; WO2003/009814; EP1295944 (pages 69-70); WO2002/30268 (page 329); WO2001/90304; US2004/249130; US2004/022727; WO2004/063355; US2004/197325; US2003/232350; US2004/005563; US2003/124579; Horie et al (2000) Genomics 67:146-152; Uchida et al (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266:593-602; Liang et al (2000) Cancer Res. 60:4907-12; Glynne-Jones et al (2001) Int J Cancer. October 15; 94(2):178-84.
(37) PSMA-FOLH1 (Folate Hydrolase (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen) 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M99487
Genbank version no. M99487.1 GI:190663
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:48 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA60209
Genbank version no. AAA60209.1 GI:190664
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:48 AM
Israeli R. S., et al Cancer Res. 53 (2), 227-230 (1993)
Other Information
Official Symbol: FOLH1
Other Aliases: GIG27, FGCP, FOLH, GCP2, GCPII, NAALAD1, NAALAdase, PSM, PSMA, mGCP
Other Designations: N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase 1; N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase I; NAALADase I; cell growth-inhibiting gene 27 protein; folylpoly-gamma-glutamate carboxypeptidase; glutamate carboxylase II; glutamate carboxypeptidase 2; glutamate carboxypeptidase II; membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase; prostate specific membrane antigen variant F; pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate carboxypeptidase
Antibodies
U.S. Pat. No. 7,666,425:
Antibodies produces by Hybridomas having the following ATCC references: ATCC accession No. HB-12101, ATCC accession No. HB-12109, ATCC accession No. HB-12127 and ATCC accession No. HB-12126.
Proscan: a monoclonal antibody selected from the group consisting of 8H12, 3E11, 17G1, 2964, 30C1 and 20F2 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,811,564; Moffett S., et al Hybridoma (Larchmt). 2007 December; 26(6):363-72).
Cytogen: monoclonal antibodies 7E11-05 (ATCC accession No. HB 10494) and 9H10-A4 (ATCC accession No. H611430)—U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,202
GlycoMimetics: NUH2—ATCC accession No. HB 9762 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,135,301)
Human Genome Science: HPRAJ70—ATCC accession No. 97131 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,993); Amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone (HPRAJ70) deposited as American Type Culture Collection (“ATCC”) Deposit No. 97131
Medarex: Anti-PSMA antibodies that lack fucosyl residues—U.S. Pat. No. 7,875,278
Mouse anti-PSMA antibodies include the 3F5.4G6, 3D7.1.1, 4E10-1.14, 3E11, 4D8, 3E6, 3C9, 2C7, 1G3, 3C4, 3C6, 4D4, 1G9, 5C8B9, 3G6, 4C8B9, and monoclonal antibodies. Hybridomas secreting 3F5.4G6, 3D7.1.1, 4E10-1.14, 3E11, 4D8, 3E6, 3C9, 2C7, 1G3, 3C4, 3C6, 4D4, 1G9, 5C8B9, 3G6 or 4C8B9 have been publicly deposited and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,508. Relevant hybridomas have been publicly deposited and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,090. Moreover, humanized anti-PSMA antibodies, including a humanized version of J591, are described in further detail in PCT Publication WO 02/098897.
Other mouse anti-human PSMA antibodies have been described in the art, such as mAb 107-1A4 (Wang, S. et al. (2001) Int. J. Cancer 92:871-876) and mAb 2C9 (Kato, K. et al. (2003) Int. J. Urol. 10:439-444).
Examples of human anti-PSMA monoclonal antibodies include the 4A3, 7F12, 8C12, 8A11, 16F9, 2A10, 2C6, 2F5 and 1C3 antibodies, isolated and structurally characterized as originally described in PCT Publications WO 01/09192 and WO 03/064606 and in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/654,125, entitled “Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)”, filed on Feb. 18, 2005. The V.sub.H amino acid sequences of 4A3, 7F12, 8C12, 8A11, 16F9, 2A10, 2C6, 2F5 and 1C3 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1-9, respectively. The V.sub.L amino acid sequences of 4A3, 7F12, 8C12, 8A11, 16F9, 2A10, 2C6, 2F5 and 1C3 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10-18, respectively.
Other human anti-PSMA antibodies include the antibodies disclosed in PCT Publication
WO 03/034903 and US Application No. 2004/0033229.
NW Biotherapeutics: A hybridoma cell line selected from the group consisting of 3F5.4G6 having ATCC accession number HB12060, 3D7-1.I. having ATCC accession number HB12309, 4E10-1.14 having ATCC accession number HB12310, 3E11 (ATCC HB12488), 4D8 (ATCC HB12487), 3E6 (ATCC HB12486), 3C9 (ATCC HB12484), 2C7 (ATCC HB12490), 1G3 (ATCC HB12489), 3C4 (ATCC HB12494), 3C6 (ATCC HB12491), 4D4 (ATCC HB12493), 1G9 (ATCC HB12495), 5C8B9 (ATCC HB12492) and 3G6 (ATCC HB12485)—see U.S. Pat. No. 6,150,508
PSMA Development Company/Progenics/Cytogen—Seattle Genetics: mAb 3.9, produced by the hybridoma deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-3258 or mAb 10.3, produced by the hybridoma deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-3347—U.S. Pat. No. 7,850,971
PSMA Development Company—Compositions of PSMA antibodies (US 20080286284, Table 1)
University Hospital Freiburg, Germany—mAbs 3/A12, 3/E7, and 3/F11 (Wolf P., et al Prostate. 2010 Apr. 1; 70(5):562-9).
(38) SST (Somatostatin Receptor; Note that there are 5 Subtypes)
(38.1) SSTR2 (Somatostatin Receptor 2)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_001050
Genbank version no. NM_001050.2 GI:44890054
Genbank record update date: Aug. 19, 2012 01:37 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001041
Genbank version no. NP_001041.1 GI:4557859
Genbank record update date: Aug. 19, 2012 01:37 PM
Yamada Y., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (1), 251-255 (1992); Susini C., et al Ann Oncol. 2006 December; 17(12):1733-42
Other Information
Official Symbol: SSTR2
Other Designations: SRIF-1; SS2R; somatostatin receptor type 2
(38.2) SSTR5 (Somatostatin Receptor 5)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no D16827
Genbank version no. D16827.1 GI:487683
Genbank record update date: Aug. 1, 2006 12:45 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. BAA04107
Genbank version no. BAA04107.1 GI:487684
Genbank record update date: Aug. 1, 2006 12:45 PM
Yamada, Y., et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 195 (2), 844-852 (1993)
Other Information
Official Symbol: SSTR5
Other Aliases: SS-5-R
Other Designations: Somatostatin receptor subtype 5; somatostatin receptor type 5
(38.3) SSTR1
(38.4) SSTR3
(38.5) SSTR4
AvB6—Both Subunits (39+40)
(39) ITGAV (Integrin, Alpha V;
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M14648 J02826 M18365
Genbank version no. M14648.1 GI:340306
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:56 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA36808
Genbank version no. AAA36808.1 GI:340307
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:56 AM
Suzuki S., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (22), 8614-8618 (1986)
Other Information
Official Symbol: ITGAV
Other Aliases: CD51, MSK8, VNRA, VTNR
Other Designations: antigen identified by monoclonal antibody L230; integrin alpha-V; integrin alphaVbeta3; integrin, alpha V (vitronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide, antigen CD51); vitronectin receptor subunit alpha
(40) ITGB6 (Integrin, Beta 6)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no NM_000888
Genbank version no. NM_000888.3 GI:9966771
Genbank record update date: Jun. 27, 2012 12:46 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_000879
Genbank version no. NP_000879.2 GI:9625002
Genbank record update date: Jun. 27, 2012 12:46 AM
Sheppard D. J., et al Biol. Chem. 265 (20), 11502-11507 (1990)
Other Information
Official Symbol: ITGB6
Other Designations: integrin beta-6
Antibodies
Biogen: U.S. Pat. No. 7,943,742—Hybridoma clones 6.3G9 and 6.8G6 were deposited with the ATCC, accession numbers ATCC PTA-3649 and -3645, respectively.
Biogen: U.S. Pat. No. 7,465,449—In some embodiments, the antibody comprises the same heavy and light chain polypeptide sequences as an antibody produced by hybridoma 6.1A8, 6.3G9, 6.8G6, 6.261, 6.2610, 6.2A1, 6.2E5, 7.1G10, 7.7G5, or 7.105.
Centocor (J&J): U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,550,142; 7,163,681
Seattle Genetics: 15H3 (Ryan M C., et al Cancer Res Apr. 15, 2012; 72(8 Supplement): 4630)
(41) CEACAM5 (Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 5)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M17303
Genbank version no. M17303.1 GI:178676
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAB59513
Genbank version no. AAB59513.1 GI:178677
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Beauchemin N., et al Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (9), 3221-3230 (1987)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CEACAM5
Other Aliases: CD66e, CEA
Other Designations: meconium antigen 100
Antibodies
AstraZeneca-Medlmmune: US 20100330103; US20080057063;
Research Corporation Technologies, Inc.: U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,507
Bayer Corporation: U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,772
BioAlliance: U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,982,017; 7,674,605
Celltech Therapeutics Limited: U.S. Pat. No. 5,877,293
The Dow Chemical Company: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,472,693; 6,417,337; 6,333,405
Immunomedics, Inc: U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,534,431; 7,230,084; 7,300,644; 6,730,300;
US20100221175; US20090092598; US20070202044; US20110064653; US20090185974; US20080069775.
(42) MET (Met Proto-Oncogene; Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no M35073
Genbank version no. M35073.1 GI:187553
Genbank record update date: Mar. 6, 2012 11:12 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA59589
Genbank version no. AAA59589.1 GI:553531
Genbank record update date: Mar. 6, 2012 11:12 AM
Dean M., et al Nature 318 (6044), 385-388 (1985)
Other Information
Official Symbol: MET
Other Aliases: AUTS9, HGFR, RCCP2, c-Met
Other Designations: HGF receptor; HGF/SF receptor; SF receptor; hepatocyte growth factor receptor; met proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase; proto-oncogene c-Met; scatter factor receptor; tyrosine-protein kinase Met
Antibodies
AbgenbdPfizer: US20100040629
Amgen/Pfizer: US20050054019
Agouron Pharmaceuticals (Now Pfizer): US20060035907
Eli Lilly: US20100129369
Genentech: U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,292; US20100028337; US20100016241; US20070129301; US20070098707; US20070092520, US20060270594; US20060134104; US20060035278; US20050233960; US20050037431
National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan: Lu R M., et al Biomaterials. 2011 April; 32(12):3265-74.
Novartis: US20090175860
Pharmacia Corporation: US20040166544
Pierre Fabre: US20110239316, US20110097262, US20100115639
Sumsung: US 20110129481—for example a monoclonal antibody produced from a hybridoma cell having accession number KCLRF-BP-00219 or accession number of
KCLRF-BP-00223.
Samsung: US 20110104176—for example an antibody produced by a hybridoma cell having Accession Number: KCLRF-BP-00220.
University of Turin Medical School: DN-30 Pacchiana G., et al J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov. 12; 285(46):36149-57
Van Andel Research Institute: Jiao Y., et al Mol Biotechnol. 2005 September; 31(1):41-54.
(43) MUC1 (Mucin 1, Cell Surface Associated)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no J05581
Genbank version no. J05581.1 GI:188869
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:48 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA59876
Genbank version no. AAA59876.1 GI:188870
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:48 AM
Gendler S. J., et al J. Biol. Chem. 265 (25), 15286-15293 (1990)
Other Information
Official Symbol: MUC1
Other Aliases: RP11-263K19.2, CD227, EMA, H23AG, KL-6, MAM6, MUC-1, MUC-1/SEC, MUC-1/X, MUC1/ZD, PEM, PEMT, PUM
Other Designations: DF3 antigen; H23 antigen; breast carcinoma-associated antigen DF3; carcinoma-associated mucin; episialin; krebs von den Lungen-6; mucin 1, transmembrane; mucin-1; peanut-reactive urinary mucin; polymorphic epithelial mucin; tumor associated epithelial mucin; tumor-associated epithelial membrane antigen; tumor-associated mucin
Antibodies
AltaRex—Quest Pharma Tech: U.S. Pat. No. 6,716,966—for example an Alt-1 antibody produced by the hybridoma ATCC No PTA-975.
AltaRex—Quest Pharma Tech: U.S. Pat. No. 7,147,850
CRT: 5E5—Sørensen AL., et al Glycobiology vol. 16 no. 2 pp. 96-107, 2006; HMFG2—Burchell J., et al Cancer Res., 47, 5476-5482 (1987); see WO2015/159076
Glycotope GT-MAB: GT-MAB 2.5-GEX (Website: http://www.glycotope.com/pipeline/pankomab-gex)
Immunogen: U.S. Pat. No. 7,202,346
Immunomedics: U.S. Pat. No. 6,653,104
Ramot Tel Aviv Uni: U.S. Pat. No. 7,897,351
Regents Uni. CA: U.S. Pat. No. 7,183,388; US20040005647; US20030077676.
Roche GlycArt: U.S. Pat. No. 8,021,856
Russian National Cancer Research Center: Imuteran—Ivanov P K., et al Biotechnol J. 2007 July; 2(7):863-70
Technische Univ Braunschweig: (11B6, HT186-137, HT186-D11, HT186-G2, HT200-3A-C1, HT220-M-D1, HT220-M-G8)—Thie H., et al PLoS One. 2011 Jan. 14; 6(1):e15921
(44) CA9 (Carbonic Anhydrase IX)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. X66839
Genbank version no. X66839.1 GI:1000701
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:15 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAA47315
Genbank version no. CAA47315.1 GI:1000702
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:15 AM
Pastorek J., et al Oncogene 9 (10), 2877-2888 (1994)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CA9
Other Aliases: CAIX, MN
Other Designations: CA-IX; P54/58N; RCC-associated antigen G250; RCC-associated protein G250; carbonate dehydratase IX; carbonic anhydrase 9; carbonic dehydratase; membrane antigen MN; pMW1; renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250
Antibodies
Abgenix/Amgen: US20040018198
Affibody: Anti-CAIX Affibody molecules
Bayer: U.S. Pat. No. 7,462,696
Bayer/Morphosys: 3ee9 mAb—Petrul H M., et al Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 February; 11(2):340-9 Harvard Medical School: Antibodies G10, G36, G37, G39, G45, G57, G106, G119, G6, G27, G40 and G125. Xu C., et al PLoS One. 2010 Mar. 10; 5(3):e9625
Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (Bayer)—U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,075
Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences: U.S. Pat. No. 7,816,493
Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences US20080177046; US20080176310; US20080176258; US20050031623
Novartis: US20090252738
Wilex: U.S. Pat. No. 7,691,375—for example the antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line DSM ASC 2526.
Wilex: US20110123537; Rencarex: Kennett R H., et al Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2003 February; 5(1):70-5
Xencor: US20090162382
(45) EGFRvIII (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Transcript Variant 3,
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_201283
Genbank version no. NM_201283.1 GI:41327733
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:47 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_958440
Genbank version no. NP_958440.1 GI:41327734
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:47 PM
Batra S K., et al Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6:1251-1259.
Antibodies:
U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,628,986 and 7,736,644 (Amgen)
US20100111979 (Amgen)
US20090240038 (Amgen)
US20090175887 (Amgen)
US20090156790 (Amgen)
US20090155282, US20050059087 and US20050053608 (Amgen)
MR1-1 (U.S. Pat. No. 7,129,332; Duke)
L8A4, H10, Y10 (Wikstrand C J., et al Cancer Res. 1995 Jul. 15; 55(14):3140-8; Duke)
US20090311803 (Harvard University)
US20070274991 (EMD72000, also known as matuzumab; Harvard University)
U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,915 (Schering)
mAb CH12—Wang H., et al FASEB J. 2012 January; 26(1):73-80 (Shanghai Cancer Institute).
RAbDMvlll—Gupta P., et al BMC Biotechnol. 2010 Oct. 7; 10:72 (Stanford University Medical Center).
mAb Ua30—Ohman L., et al Tumour Biol. 2002 March-April; 23(2):61-9 (Uppsala University).
Han D G., et al Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2010 January; 30(1):25-9 (Xi'an Jiaotong University).
(46) Cd33 (Cd33 Molecule)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. M_23197
Genbank version no. NM_23197.1 GI:180097
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA51948
Genbank version no. AAA51948.1 GI:188098
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Simmons D., et al J. Immunol. 141 (8), 2797-2800 (1988)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD33
Other Aliases: SIGLEC-3, SIGLEC3, p67
Other Designations: CD33 antigen (gp67); gp67; myeloid cell surface antigen CD33; sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 3; sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin
Antibodies
H195 (Lintuzumab)—Raza A., et al Leuk Lymphoma. 2009 August; 50(8):1336-44; U.S. Pat. No. 6,759,045 (Seattle Genetics/Immunomedics)
mAb OKT9: Sutherland, D. R. et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78(7): 4515-4519 1981, Schneider, C., et al J Biol Chem 257, 8516-8522 (1982)
mAb E6: Hoogenboom, H. R., et al J Immunol 144, 3211-3217 (1990)
U.S. Pat. No. 6,590,088 (Human Genome Sciences)
U.S. Pat. No. 7,557,189 (Immunogen)
(47) Cd19 (Cd19 Molecule)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_001178098
Genbank version no. NM_001178098.1 GI:296010920
Genbank record update date: Sep. 10, 2012 12:43 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001171569
Genbank version no. NP_001171569.1 GI:296010921
Genbank record update date: Sep. 10, 2012 12:43 AM
Tedder T F., et al J. Immunol. 143 (2): 712-7 (1989)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD19
Other Aliases: B4, CVID3
Other Designations: B-lymphocyte antigen CD19; B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4; T-cell surface antigen Leu-12; differentiation antigen CD19
Antibodies
Immunogen: HuB4—AI-Katib A M., et al Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun. 15; 15(12):4038-45.
4G7: Kügler M., et al Protein Eng Des Sel. 2009 March; 22(3):135-47
AstraZeneca/MedImmune: MEDI-551—Herbst R., et al J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 October; 335(1):213-22
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals: GBR-401—Hou S., et al Mol Cancer Ther November 2011 (Meeting Abstract Supplement) C164
U.S. Pat. No. 7,109,304 (Immunomedics)
U.S. Pat. No. 7,902,338 (Immunomedics)
Medarex: MDX-1342—Cardarelli P M., et al Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2010 February; 59(2):257-65.
MorphoSys/Xencor: MOR-208/XmAb-5574—Zalevsky J., et al Blood. 2009 Apr. 16; 113(16):3735-43
U.S. Pat. No. 7,968,687 (Seattle Genetics)
4G7 chim—Lang P., et al Blood. 2004 May 15; 103(10):3982-5 (University of Tübingen)
Zhejiang University School of Medicine: 2E8—Zhang J., et al J Drug Target. 2010 November; 18(9):675-8
(48) IL2RA (Interleukin 2 Receptor, Alpha); NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_000417.2);
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_000417
Genbank version no. NM_000417.2 GI:269973860
Genbank record update date: Sep. 9, 2012 04:59 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_000408
Genbank version no. NP_000408.1 GI:4557667
Genbank record update date: Sep. 9, 2012 04:59 PM
Kuziel W. A., et al J. Invest. Dermatol. 94 (6 SUPPL), 27S-32S (1990)
Other Information
Official Symbol: IL2RA
Other Aliases: RP11-536K7.1, CD25, IDDM10, IL2R, TCGFR
Other Designations: FIL-2 receptor subunit alpha; IL-2-RA; IL-2R subunit alpha; IL2-RA;
TAC antigen; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha; p55
Antibodies
U.S. Pat. No. 6,383,487 (Novartis/UCL: Baxilisimab [Simulect])
U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,230 (Novartis/UCL: Baxilisimab [Simulect])
Daclizumab—Rech A J., et al Ann NY Acad Sci. 2009 September; 1174:99-106 (Roche)
(49) AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. M76125
Genbank version no. M76125.1 GI:292869
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:53 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA61243
Genbank version no. AAA61243.1 GI:29870
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:53 AM
O'Bryan J. P., et al Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (10), 5016-5031 (1991); Bergsagel P. L., et al J. Immunol. 148 (2), 590-596 (1992)
Other Information
Official Symbol: AXL
Other Aliases: JTK11, UFO
Other Designations: AXL oncogene; AXL transforming sequence/gene; oncogene AXL; tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO
Antibodies
YW327.6S2—Ye X., et al Oncogene. 2010 Sep. 23; 29(38):5254-64. (Genentech)
BergenBio: BGB324 (http://www.bergenbio.com/BGB324)
(50) CD30-TNFRSF8 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 8)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. M83554
Genbank version no. M83554.1 GI:180095
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:53 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA51947
Genbank version no. AAA51947.1 GI:180096
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:53 AM
Durkop H., et al Cell 68 (3), 421-427 (1992)
Other Information
Official Symbol: TNFRSF8
Other Aliases: CD30, D1S166E, Ki-1
Other Designations: CD30L receptor; Ki-1 antigen; cytokine receptor CD30; lymphocyte activation antigen CD30; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8
(51) BCMA (B-Cell Maturation Antigen)—TNFRSF17 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 17)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. Z29574
Genbank version no. Z29574.1 GI:471244
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:40 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAA82690
Genbank version no. CAA82690.1 GI:471245
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:40 AM
Laabi Y., et al Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (7), 1147-1154 (1994)
Other Information
Official Symbol: TNFRSF17
Other Aliases: BCM, BCMA, CD269
Other Designations: B cell maturation antigen; B-cell maturation factor; B-cell maturation protein; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17
(52) CT Ags-CTA (Cancer Testis Antigens)
Fratta E., et al. Mol Oncol. 2011 April; 5(2):164-82; Lim S H., at al Am J Blood Res. 2012; 2(1):29-35.
(53) CD174 (Lewis Y—FUT3 (Fucosyltransferase 3 (Galactoside 3(4)-L-Fucosyltransferase, Lewis Blood Group)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM000149
Genbank version no. NM000149.3 GI:148277008
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 04:49 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_000140
Genbank version no. NP_000140.1 GI:4503809
Genbank record update date: Jun. 26, 2012 04:49 PM
Kukowska-Latallo, J. F., et al Genes Dev. 4 (8), 1288-1303 (1990)
Other Information
Official Symbol: FUT3
Other Aliases: CD174, FT3B, FucT-III, LE, Les
Other Designations: Lewis FT; alpha-(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase; blood group Lewis alpha-4-fucosyltransferase; fucosyltransferase III; galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase
(54) CLEC14A (C-Type Lectin Domain Family 14, Member A; Genbank Accession No. NM175060)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM175060
Genbank version no. NM175060.2 GI:371123930
Genbank record update date: Apr. 1, 2012 03:34 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_778230
Genbank version no. NP_778230.1 GI:28269707
Genbank record update date: Apr. 1, 2012 03:34 PM
Other Information
Official Symbol: CLEC14A
Other Aliases: UNQ236/PRO269, C14orf27, CEG1, EGFR-5
Other Designations: C-type lectin domain family 14 member A; CIECT and EGF-like domain containing protein; epidermal growth factor receptor 5
(55) GRP78-HSPA5 (Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein 5 (Glucose-Regulated Protein, 78 kDa)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM005347
Genbank version no. NM005347.4 GI:305855105
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:42 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_005338
Genbank version no. NP_005338.1 GI:16507237
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:42 PM
Ting J., et al DNA 7 (4), 275-286 (1988)
Other Information
Official Symbol: HSPA5
Other Aliases: BIP, GRP78, MIF2
Other Designations: 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein; endoplasmic reticulum lumenal Ca(2+)-binding protein grp78; immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein
(56) Cd70 (Cd70 Molecule) L08096
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. L08096
Genbank version no. L08096.1 GI:307127
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2012 08:54 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA36175
Genbank version no. AAA36175.1 GI:307128
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2012 08:54 AM
Goodwin R. G., et al Cell 73 (3), 447-456 (1993)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD70
Other Aliases: CD27L, CD27LG, TNFSF7
Other Designations: CD27 ligand; CD27-L; CD70 antigen; Ki-24 antigen; surface antigen CD70; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 7; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 7
Antibodies
MDX-1411 against CD70 (Medarex)
h1F6 (Oflazoglu, E., et al, Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Oct. 1; 14(19):6171-80; Seattle Genetics)
(57) Stem Cell Specific Antigens. For Example:
(58) ASG-5
(Smith L. M., et. al AACR 2010 Annual Meeting (abstract #2590); Gudas J. M., et. al. AACR 2010 Annual Meeting (abstract #4393)
Antibodies
Anti-AGS-5 Antibody: M6.131 (Smith, L. M., et. al AACR 2010 Annual Meeting (abstract #2590)
(59) ENPP3 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 3)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AF005632
Genbank version no. AF005632.2 GI:4432589
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 09:41 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAC51813
Genbank version no. AAC51813.1 GI:2465540
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 09:41 PM
Jin-Hua P., et al Genomics 45 (2), 412-415 (1997)
Other Information
Official Symbol: ENPP3
Other Aliases: RP5-988G15.3, B10, CD203c, NPP3, PD-IBETA, PDNP3
Other Designations: E-NPP 3; dJ1005H11.3 (phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3); dJ914N13.3 (phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3); ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3; gp130RB13-6; phosphodiesterase I beta; phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3; phosphodiesterase-I beta
(60) PRR4 (Proline Rich 4 (Lacrimal))
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_007244
Genbank version no. NM_007244.2 GI:154448885
Genbank record update date: Jun. 28, 2012 12:39 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_009175
Genbank version no. NP_009175.2 GI:154448886
Genbank record update date: Jun. 28, 2012 12:39 PM
Dickinson D. P., et al Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36 (10), 2020-2031 (1995)
Other Information
Official Symbol: PRR4
Other Aliases: LPRP, PROL4
Other Designations: lacrimal proline-rich protein; nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated proline-rich protein 4; proline-rich polypeptide 4; proline-rich protein 4
(61) GCC-GUCY2C (Guanylate Cyclase 2C (Heat Stable Enterotoxin Receptor)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_004963
Genbank version no. NM_004963.3 GI:222080082
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:50 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_004954
Genbank version no. NP_004954.2 GI:222080083
Genbank record update date: Sep. 2, 2012 01:50 PM
De Sauvage F. J., et al J. Biol. Chem. 266 (27), 17912-17918 (1991); Singh S., et al Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179 (3), 1455-1463 (1991)
Other Information
Official Symbol: GUCY2C
Other Aliases: DIAR6, GUC2C, MUCIL, STAR
Other Designations: GC-C; STA receptor; guanylyl cyclase C; hSTAR; heat-stable enterotoxin receptor; intestinal guanylate cyclase
(62) Liv-1-SLC39A6 (Solute Carrier Family 39 (Zinc Transporter), Member 6)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. U41060
Genbank version no. U41060.2 GI:12711792
Genbank record update date: Nov. 30, 2009 04:35 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA96258
Genbank version no. AAA96258.2 GI:12711793
Genbank record update date: Nov. 30, 2009 04:35 PM
Taylor K M., et al Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Apr. 1; 1611(1-2):16-30
Other Information
Official Symbol: SLC39A6
Other Aliases: LIV-1
Other Designations: LIV-1 protein, estrogen regulated; ZIP-6; estrogen-regulated protein LIV-1; solute carrier family 39 (metal ion transporter), member 6; solute carrier family 39 member 6; zinc transporter ZIP6; zrt- and Irt-like protein 6
(63) 5T4, Trophoblast Glycoprotein, TPBG-TPBG (Trophoblast Glycoprotein)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AJ012159
Genbank version no. AJ012159.1 GI:3805946
Genbank record update date: Feb. 1, 2011 10:27 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAA09930
Genbank version no. CAA09930.1 GI:3805947
Genbank record update date: Feb. 1, 2011 10:27 AM
King K. W., et al Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1445 (3), 257-270 (1999)
Other Information
(64) CD56-NCMA1 (Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_000615
Genbank version no. NM_000615.6 GI:336285433
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:32 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_000606
Genbank version no. NP_000606.3 GI:94420689
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:32 PM
Dickson, G., et al, Cell 50 (7), 1119-1130 (1987)
Other Information
Official Symbol: NCAM1
Other Aliases: CD56, MSK39, NCAM
Other Designations: antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 5.1H11; neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM
Antibodies
Immunogen: HuN901 (Smith S V., et al Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2005 August; 7(4):394-401)
(65) CanAg (Tumor Associated Antigen CA242)
Haglund C., et al Br J Cancer 60:845-851, 1989; Baeckstrom D., et al J Biol Chem 266:21537-21547, 1991
Antibodies
huC242 (Tolcher A W et al., J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan. 15; 21(2):211-22; Immunogen)
(66) FOLR1 (Folate Receptor 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. J05013
Genbank version no. J05013.1 GI:182417
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA35823
Genbank version no. AAA35823.1 GI:182418
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 AM
Elwood P. C., et al J. Biol. Chem. 264 (25), 14893-14901 (1989)
Other Information
Official Symbol: FOLR1
Other Aliases: FBP, FOLR
Other Designations: FR-alpha; KB cells FBP; adult folate-binding protein; folate binding protein; folate receptor alpha; folate receptor, adult; ovarian tumor-associated antigen MOv18
Antibodies
M9346A—Whiteman K R., et al Cancer Res Apr. 15, 2012; 72(8 Supplement): 4628 (Immunogen)
(67) GPNMB (Glycoprotein (Transmembrane) Nmb)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. X76534
Genbank version no. X76534.1 GI:666042
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:10 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAA54044
Genbank version no. CAA54044.1 GI:666043
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:10 AM
Weterman M. A., et al Int. J. Cancer 60 (1), 73-81 (1995)
Other Information
Official Symbol: GPNMB
Other Aliases: UNQ1725/PRO9925, HGFIN, NMB
Other Designations: glycoprotein NMB; glycoprotein nmb-like protein; osteoactivin; transmembrane glycoprotein HGFIN; transmembrane glycoprotein NMB
Antibodies
Celldex Therapeutics: CR011 (Tse K F., et al Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Feb. 15; 12(4):1373-82)
(68) TIM-1-HAVCR1 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AF043724
Genbank version no. AF043724.1 GI:2827453
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 06:24 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAC39862
Genbank version no. AAC39862.1 GI:2827454
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 06:24 PM
Feigelstock D., et al J. Virol. 72 (8), 6621-6628 (1998)
Other Information
Official Symbol: HAVCR1
Other Aliases: HAVCR, HAVCR-1, KIM-1, KIM1, TIM, TIM-1, TIM1, TIMD-1, TIMD1
Other Designations: T cell immunoglobin domain and mucin domain protein 1; T-cell membrane protein 1; kidney injury molecule 1
(69) RG-1/Prostate Tumor Target Mindin-Mindin/RG-1
Parry R., et al Cancer Res. 2005 Sep. 15; 65(18):8397-405
(70) 87-H4-VTCN1 (V-Set Domain Containing T Cell Activation Inhibitor 1
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. BX648021
Genbank version no. BX648021.1 GI:34367180
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 08:40 AM
Sica G L., et al Immunity. 2003 June; 18(6):849-61
Other Information
Official Symbol: VTCN1
Other Aliases: RP11-229A19.4, B7-H4, B7H4, B7S1, B7X, B7h.5, PRO1291, VCTN1
Other Designations: B7 family member, H4; B7 superfamily member 1; T cell costimulatory molecule B7x; T-cell costimulatory molecule B7x; V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1; immune costimulatory protein B7-H4
(71) PTK7 (PTK7 Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AF447176
Genbank version no. AF447176.1 GI:17432420
Genbank record update date: Nov. 28, 2008 01:51 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAL39062
Genbank version no. AAL39062.1 GI:17432421
Genbank record update date: Nov. 28, 2008 01:51 PM
Park S. K., et al J. Biochem. 119 (2), 235-239 (1996)
Other Information
Official Symbol: PTK7
Other Aliases: CCK-4, CCK4
Other Designations: colon carcinoma kinase 4; inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7; pseudo tyrosine kinase receptor 7; tyrosine-protein kinase-like 7
(72) Cd37 (Cd37 Molecule)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_001040031
Genbank version no. NM_001040031.1 GI:91807109
Genbank record update date: Jul. 29, 2012 02:08 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001035120
Genbank version no. NP_001035120.1 GI:91807110
Genbank record update date: Jul. 29, 2012 02:08 PM
Schwartz-Albiez R., et al J. Immunol. 140 (3), 905-914 (1988)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD37
Other Aliases: GP52-40, TSPAN26
Other Designations: CD37 antigen; cell differentiation antigen 37; leukocyte antigen CD37; leukocyte surface antigen CD37; tetraspanin-26; tspan-26
Antibodies
Boehringer Ingelheim: mAb 37.1 (Heider K H., et al Blood. 2011 Oct. 13; 118(15):4159-68)
Trubion: CD37-SMIP (G28-1 scFv-Ig) ((Zhao X., et al Blood. 2007; 110: 2569-2577)
Immunogen: K7153A (Deckert J., et al Cancer Res Apr. 15, 2012; 72(8 Supplement): 4625)
(73) CD138-SDC1 (Syndecan 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AJ551176
Genbank version no. AJ551176.1 GI:29243141
Genbank record update date: Feb. 1, 2011 12:09 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CAD80245
Genbank version no. CAD80245.1 GI:29243142
Genbank record update date: Feb. 1, 2011 12:09 PM
O'Connell F P., et al Am J Clin Pathol. 2004 February; 121(2):254-63
Other Information
Official Symbol: SDC1
Other Aliases: CD138, SDC, SYND1, syndecan
Other Designations: CD138 antigen; heparan sulfate proteoglycan fibroblast growth factor receptor; syndecan proteoglycan 1; syndecan-1
Antibodies
Biotest: chimerized MAb (nBT062)—(Jagannath S., et al Poster ASH #3060, 2010; WIPO Patent Application WO/2010/128087)
Immunogen: B-B4 (Tassone P., et al Blood 104_3688-3696)
(74) CD74 (CD74 Molecule, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II Invariant Chain)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_004355
Genbank version no. NM_004355.1 GI:343403784
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:30 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_004346
Genbank version no. NP_004346.1 GI:10835071
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:30 PM
Kudo, J., et al Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (24), 8827-8841 (1985)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD74
Other Aliases: DHLAG, HLADG, II, Ia-GAMMA
Other Designations: CD74 antigen (invariant polypeptide of major histocompatibility complex, class II antigen-associated); HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain; HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain; HLA-DR-gamma; Ia-associated invariant chain; MHC HLA-DR gamma chain; gamma chain of class II antigens; p33
Antibodies
Immunomedics: hLL1 (Milatuzumab)—Berkova Z., et al Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 January: 19(1):141-9)
Genmab: HuMax-CD74 (see website)
(75) Claudins-CLs (Claudins)
Offner S., et al Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 May; 54(5):431-45, Suzuki H., et al Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 July; 1258:65-70)
In humans, 24 members of the family have been described—see literature reference.
(76) EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_005228
Genbank version no. NM_005228.3 GI:41927737
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:47 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_005219
Genbank version no. NP_005219.2 GI:29725609
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:47 PM
Dhomen N S., et al Crit Rev Oncog. 2012; 17(1):31-50
Other Information
Official Symbol: EGFR
Other Aliases: ERBB, ERBB1, HER1, PIG61, mENA
Other Designations: avian erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog; cell growth inhibiting protein 40; cell proliferation-inducing protein 61; proto-oncogene c-ErbB-1; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1
Antibodies
BMS: Cetuximab (Erbitux)—Broadbridge V T., et al Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2012 May; 12(5):555-65.
Amgen: Panitumumab (Vectibix)—Argiles G., et al Future Oncol. 2012 April; 8(4):373-89
Genmab: Zalutumumab—Rivera F., et al Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009 May; 9(5):667-74.
Y M Biosciences: Nimotuzumab—Ramakrishnan M S., et al MAbs. 2009 January-February; 1(1):41-8.
(77) Her3 (ErbB3)—ERBB3 (v-Erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 3 (Avian))
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. M34309
Genbank version no. M34309.1 GI:183990
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA35979
Genbank version no. AAA35979.1 GI:306841
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:47 PM
Plowman, G. D., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (13), 4905-4909 (1990)
Other Information
Official Symbol: ERBB3
Other Aliases: ErbB-3, HER3, LCCS2, MDA-BF-1, c-erbB-3, c-erbB3, erbB3-S, p180-ErbB3, p45-sErbB3, p85-sErbB3
Other Designations: proto-oncogene-like protein c-ErbB-3; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3; tyrosine kinase-type cell surface receptor HER3
Antibodies
Merimack Pharma: MM-121 (Schoeberl B., et al Cancer Res. 2010 Mar. 15; 70(6):2485-2494)
(78) RON-MST1R (Macrophage Stimulating 1 Receptor (c-Met-Related Tyrosine Kinase))
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. X70040
Genbank version no. X70040.1 GI:36109
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:17 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CCA49634
Genbank version no. CCA49634.1 GI:36110
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:17 PM
Ronsin C., et al Oncogene 8 (5), 1195-1202 (1993)
Other Information
Official Symbol: MST1R
Other Aliases: CD136, CDw136, PTK8, RON
Other Designations: MSP receptor; MST1R variant RON30; MST1R variant RON62; PTK8 protein tyrosine kinase 8; RON variant E2E3; c-met-related tyrosine kinase; macrophage-stimulating protein receptor; p185-Ron; soluble RON variant 1; soluble RON variant 2; soluble RON variant 3; soluble RONvariant 4
(79) EPHA2 (EPH Receptor A2)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. BC037166
Genbank version no. BC037166.2 GI:33879863
Genbank record update date: Mar. 6, 2012 01:59 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAH37166
Genbank version no. AAH37166.1 GI:22713539
Genbank record update date: Mar. 6, 2012 01:59 PM
Strausberg R. L., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26), 16899-16903 (2002)
Other Information
Official Symbol: EPHA2
Other Aliases: ARCC2, CTPA, CTPP1, ECK
Other Designations: ephrin type-A receptor 2; epithelial cell receptor protein tyrosine kinase; soluble EPHA2 variant 1; tyrosine-protein kinase receptor ECK
Antibodies
Medimmune: 1C1 (Lee J W., et al Clin Cancer Res. 2010 May 1; 16(9):2562-2570)
(80) CD20-MS4A1 (Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains, Subfamily A, Member 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. M27394
Genbank version no. M27394.1 GI:179307
Genbank record update date: Nov. 30, 2009 11:16 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA35581
Genbank version no. AAA35581.1 GI:179308
Genbank record update date: Nov. 30, 2009 11:16 AM
Tedder T. F., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1), 208-212 (1988)
Other Information
Official Symbol: MS4A1
Other Aliases: B1, Bp35, CD20, CVID5, LEU-16, MS4A2, S7
Other Designations: B-lymphocyte antigen CD20; B-lymphocyte cell-surface antigen B1; CD20 antigen; CD20 receptor; leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16
Antibodies
Genentech/Roche: Rituximab—Abdulla N E., et al BioDrugs. 2012 Apr. 1; 26(2):71-82.
GSK/Genmab: Ofatumumab—Nightingale G., et al Ann Pharmacother. 2011 October; 45(10):1248-55.
Immunomedics: Veltuzumab—Goldenberg D M., et al Leuk Lymphoma. 2010 May; 51(5):747-55.
(81) Tenascin C—TNC (Tenascin C)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_002160
Genbank version no. NM_002160.3 GI:340745336
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:33 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_002151
Genbank version no. NP_002151.2 GI:153946395
Genbank record update date: Sep. 23, 2012 02:33 PM
Nies D. E., et al J. Biol. Chem. 266 (5), 2818-2823 (1991); Siri A., et al Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (3), 525-531 (1991)
Other Information
Official Symbol: TNC
Other Aliases: 150-225, GMEM, GP, HXB, JI, TN, TN-C
Other Designations: GP 150-225; cytotactin; glioma-associated-extracellular matrix antigen; hexabrachion (tenascin); myotendinous antigen; neuronectin; tenascin; tenascin-C isoform 14/AD1/16
Antibodies
Philogen: G11 (von Lukowicz T., et al J Nucl Med. 2007 April; 48(4):582-7) and F16 (Pedretti M., et al Lung Cancer. 2009 April; 64(1):28-33)
(82) FAP (Fibroblast Activation Protein, Alpha)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. U09278
Genbank version no. U09278.1 GI:1888315
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 09:22 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAB49652
Genbank version no. AAB49652.1 GI:1888316
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 09:22 AM
Scanlan, M. J., et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (12), 5657-5661 (1994)
Other Information
Official Symbol: FAP
Other Aliases: DPPIV, FAPA
Other Designations: 170 kDa melanoma membrane-bound gelatinase; integral membrane serine protease; seprase
(83) DKK-1 (Dickkopf 1 Homolog (Xenopus laevis)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_012242
Genbank version no. NM_012242.2 GI:61676924
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:48 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_036374
Genbank version no. NP_036374.1 GI:7110719
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:48 PM
Fedi P. et al J. Biol. Chem. 274 (27), 19465-19472 (1999)
Other Information
Official Symbol: DKK1
Other Aliases: UNQ492/PRO1008, DKK-1, SK
Other Designations: dickkopf related protein-1; dickkopf-1 like; dickkopf-like protein 1; dickkopf-related protein 1; hDkk-1
Antibodies
Novartis: BHQ880 (Fulciniti M., et al Blood. 2009 Jul. 9; 114(2):371-379)
(84) Cd52 (Cd52 Molecule)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_001803
Genbank version no. NM_001803.2 GI:68342029
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:48 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_001794
Genbank version no. NP_001794.2 GI:68342030
Genbank record update date: Sep. 30, 2012 01:48 PM
Xia M. Q., et al Eur. J. Immunol. 21 (7), 1677-1684 (1991)
Other Information
Official Symbol: CD52
Other Aliases: CDW52
Other Designations: CAMPATH-1 antigen; CD52 antigen (CAMPATH-1 antigen); CDW52 antigen (CAMPATH-1 antigen); cambridge pathology 1 antigen; epididymal secretory protein E5; he5; human epididymis-specific protein 5
Antibodies
Alemtuzumab (Campath)—Skoetz N., et al Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb. 15; 2:CD008078.
(85) CS1-SLAMF7 (SLAM Family Member 7)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. NM_021181
Genbank version no. NM_021181.3 GI:1993571
Genbank record update date: Jun. 29, 2012 11:24 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. NP_067004
Genbank version no. NP_067004.3 GI:19923572
Genbank record update date: Jun. 29, 2012 11:24 AM
Boles K. S., et al Immunogenetics 52 (3-4), 302-307 (2001)
Other Information
Official Symbol: SLAMF7
Other Aliases: UNQ576/PRO1138, 19A, CD319, CRACC, CS1
Other Designations: 19A24 protein; CD2 subset 1; CD2-like receptor activating cytotoxic cells; CD2-like receptor-activating cytotoxic cells; membrane protein FOAP-12; novel LY9 (lymphocyte antigen 9) like protein; protein 19A
Antibodies
BMS: elotuzumab/HuLuc63 (Benson D M., et al J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jun. 1; 30(16):2013-2015)
(86) Endoglin-ENG (Endoglin)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. AF035753
Genbank version no. AF035753.1 GI:3452260
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 06:36 PM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAC32802
Genbank version no. AAC32802.1 GI:3452261
Genbank record update date: Mar. 10, 2010 06:36 PM
Rius C., et al Blood 92 (12), 4677-4690 (1998)
Official Symbol: ENG
Other Information
Other Aliases: RP11-228B15.2, CD105, END, HHT1, ORW, ORW1
Other Designations: CD105 antigen
(87) Annexin A1-ANXA1 (Annexin A1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. X05908
Genbank version no. X05908.1 GI:34387
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:02 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. CCA29338
Genbank version no. CCA29338.1 GI:34388
Genbank record update date: Feb. 2, 2011 10:02 AM
Wallner B. P., et al Nature 320 (6057), 77-81 (1986)
Other Information
Official Symbol: ANXA1
Other Aliases: RP11-71A24.1, ANX1, LPC1
Other Designations: annexin I (lipocortin I); annexin-1; calpactin II; calpactin-2; chromobindin-9; lipocortin I; p35; phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein
(88) V-CAM (CD106)-VCAM1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1)
Nucleotide
Genbank accession no. M60335
Genbank version no. M60335.1 GI:340193
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:56 AM
Polypeptide
Genbank accession no. AAA61269
Genbank version no. AAA61269.1 GI:340194
Genbank record update date: Jun. 23, 2010 08:56 AM
Hession C., et al J. Biol. Chem. 266 (11), 6682-6685 (1991)
Other Information
Official Symbol VCAM1
Other Aliases: CD106, INCAM-100
Other Designations: CD106 antigen; vascular cell adhesion protein 1
The parent antibody may also be a fusion protein comprising an albumin-binding peptide (ABP) sequence (Dennis et al. (2002) “Albumin Binding As A General Strategy For Improving The Pharmacokinetics Of Proteins” J Biol Chem. 277:35035-35043; WO 01/45746). Antibodies of the invention include fusion proteins with ABP sequences taught by: (i) Dennis et al (2002) J Biol Chem. 277:35035-35043 at Tables III and IV, page 35038; (ii) US 2004/0001827 at [0076]; and (iii) WO 01/45746 at pages 12-13, and all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment, the antibody has been raised to target specific the tumour related antigen αvβ6.
The cell binding agent may be labelled, for example to aid detection or purification of the agent either prior to incorporation as a conjugate, or as part of the conjugate. The label may be a biotin label. In another embodiment, the cell binding agent may be labelled with a radioisotope.
Connection of Linker Unit to Ligand Unit
The Ligand unit is connected to the Linker unit through a disulfide bond.
In one embodiment, the connection between the Ligand unit and the Drug Linker is formed between a thiol group of a cysteine residue of the Ligand unit and the sulfur of the Drug Linker unit.
The cysteine residues of the Ligand unit may be available for reaction with the functional group of the Linker unit to form a connection. In other embodiments, for example where the Ligand unit is an antibody, the thiol groups of the antibody may participate in interchain disulfide bonds. These interchain bonds may be converted to free thiol groups by e.g. treatment of the antibody with DTT prior to reaction with the functional group of the Linker unit.
In some embodiments, the cysteine residue is an introduced into the heavy or light chain of an antibody. Positions for cysteine insertion by substitution in antibody heavy or light chains include those described in Published U.S. Application No. 2007-0092940 and International Patent Publication WO2008070593, which are incorporated herein.
The link to the Ligand may be cleaved by the action of an enzyme. In one embodiment, the enzyme is a thioreductase.
Methods of Treatment
The compounds of the present invention may be used in a method of therapy. Also provided is a method of treatment, comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically-effective amount of a conjugate of formula I. The term “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount sufficient to show benefit to a patient. Such benefit may be at least amelioration of at least one symptom. The actual amount administered, and rate and time-course of administration, will depend on the nature and severity of what is being treated. Prescription of treatment, e.g. decisions on dosage, is within the responsibility of general practitioners and other medical doctors.
A conjugate may be administered alone or in combination with other treatments, either simultaneously or sequentially dependent upon the condition to be treated. Examples of treatments and therapies include, but are not limited to, chemotherapy (the administration of active agents, including, e.g. drugs; surgery; and radiation therapy.
Pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention, and for use in accordance with the present invention, may comprise, in addition to the active ingredient, i.e. a conjugate of formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, buffer, stabiliser or other materials well known to those skilled in the art. Such materials should be non-toxic and should not interfere with the efficacy of the active ingredient. The precise nature of the carrier or other material will depend on the route of administration, which may be oral, or by injection, e.g. cutaneous, subcutaneous, or intravenous.
Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration may be in tablet, capsule, powder or liquid form. A tablet may comprise a solid carrier or an adjuvant. Liquid pharmaceutical compositions generally comprise a liquid carrier such as water, petroleum, animal or vegetable oils, mineral oil or synthetic oil. Physiological saline solution, dextrose or other saccharide solution or glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol may be included. A capsule may comprise a solid carrier such a gelatin.
For intravenous, cutaneous or subcutaneous injection, or injection at the site of affliction, the active ingredient will be in the form of a parenterally acceptable aqueous solution which is pyrogen-free and has suitable pH, isotonicity and stability. Those of relevant skill in the art are well able to prepare suitable solutions using, for example, isotonic vehicles such as Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Injection, Lactated Ringer's Injection. Preservatives, stabilisers, buffers, antioxidants and/or other additives may be included, as required.
The Conjugates can be used to treat proliferative disease and autoimmune disease. The term “proliferative disease” pertains to an unwanted or uncontrolled cellular proliferation of excessive or abnormal cells which is undesired, such as, neoplastic or hyperplastic growth, whether in vitro or in vivo.
Examples of proliferative conditions include, but are not limited to, benign, pre-malignant, and malignant cellular proliferation, including but not limited to, neoplasms and tumours (e.g., histocytoma, glioma, astrocyoma, osteoma), cancers (e.g. lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, bowel cancer, colon cancer, breast carinoma, ovarian carcinoma, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, sarcoma, osteosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma), leukemias, psoriasis, bone diseases, fibroproliferative disorders (e.g. of connective tissues), and atherosclerosis. Other cancers of interest include, but are not limited to, haematological; malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and subtypes such as DLBCL, marginal zone, mantle zone, and follicular, Hodgkin lymphoma, AML, and other cancers of B or T cell origin.
Examples of autoimmune disease include the following: rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune demyelinative diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, allergic encephalomyelitis), psoriatic arthritis, endocrine ophthalmopathy, uveoretinitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune hepatological disorder, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease), anaphylaxis, allergic reaction, Sjögren's syndrome, type I diabetes mellitus, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, fibromyalgia, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, multiple endocrine failure, Schmidt's syndrome, autoimmune uveitis, Addison's disease, adrenalitis, thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, gastric atrophy, chronic hepatitis, lupoid hepatitis, atherosclerosis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, hypoparathyroidism, Dressler's syndrome, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis, alopecia arcata, pemphigoid, scleroderma, progressive systemic sclerosis, CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia), male and female autoimmune infertility, ankylosing spondolytis, ulcerative colitis, mixed connective tissue disease, polyarteritis nedosa, systemic necrotizing vasculitis, atopic dermatitis, atopic rhinitis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Chagas' disease, sarcoidosis, rheumatic fever, asthma, recurrent abortion, anti-phospholipid syndrome, farmer's lung, erythema multiforme, post cardiotomy syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, bird-fancier's lung, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Alport's syndrome, alveolitis, allergic alveolitis, fibrosing alveolitis, interstitial lung disease, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, transfusion reaction, Takayasu's arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis, schistosomiasis, giant cell arteritis, ascariasis, aspergillosis, Sampter's syndrome, eczema, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Behcet's disease, Caplan's syndrome, Kawasaki's disease, dengue, encephalomyelitis, endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, endophthalmitis, erythema elevatum et diutinum, psoriasis, erythroblastosis fetalis, eosinophilic faciitis, Shulman's syndrome, Felty's syndrome, filariasis, cyclitis, chronic cyclitis, heterochronic cyclitis, Fuch's cyclitis, IgA nephropathy, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, graft versus host disease, transplantation rejection, cardiomyopathy, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, cryoglobulinemia, Waldenstrom's macroglobulemia, Evan's syndrome, and autoimmune gonadal failure.
In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease is a disorder of B lymphocytes (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes), Th1-lymphocytes (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, tuberculosis, or graft versus host disease), or Th2-lymphocytes (e.g., atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, atopic asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, Omenn's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, or chronic graft versus host disease). Generally, disorders involving dendritic cells involve disorders of Th1-lymphocytes or Th2-lymphocytes. In some embodiments, the autoimmune disorder is a T cell-mediated immunological disorder.
In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.01 to about 10 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.01 to about 5 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.05 to about 5 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.1 to about 5 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.1 to about 4 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.05 to about 3 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.1 to about 3 mg/kg per dose. In some embodiments, the amount of the Conjugate administered ranges from about 0.1 to about 2 mg/kg per dose.
Drug Loading
The drug loading (p) is the average number of PBD drugs per cell binding agent, e.g. antibody. Where the compounds of the invention are bound to cysteines, drug loading may range from 1 to 8 drugs (D) per cell binding agent, i.e. where 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 drug moieties are covalently attached to the cell binding agent. Compositions of conjugates include collections of cell binding agents, e.g. antibodies, conjugated with a range of drugs, from 1 to 8. Where the compounds of the invention are bound to lysines, drug loading may range from 1 to 80 drugs (D) per cell binding agent, although an upper limit of 40, 20, 10 or 8 may be preferred. Compositions of conjugates include collections of cell binding agents, e.g. antibodies, conjugated with a range of drugs, from 1 to 80, 1 to 40, 1 to 20, 1 to 10 or 1 to 8.
The average number of drugs per antibody in preparations of ADC from conjugation reactions may be characterized by conventional means such as UV, reverse phase HPLC, HIC, mass spectroscopy, ELISA assay, and electrophoresis. The quantitative distribution of ADC in terms of p may also be determined. By ELISA, the averaged value of p in a particular preparation of ADC may be determined (Hamblett et al (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. 10:7063-7070; Sanderson et al (2005) Clin. Cancer Res. 11:843-852). However, the distribution of p (drug) values is not discernible by the antibody-antigen binding and detection limitation of ELISA. Also, ELISA assay for detection of antibody-drug conjugates does not determine where the drug moieties are attached to the antibody, such as the heavy chain or light chain fragments, or the particular amino acid residues. In some instances, separation, purification, and characterization of homogeneous ADC where p is a certain value from ADC with other drug loadings may be achieved by means such as reverse phase HPLC or electrophoresis. Such techniques are also applicable to other types of conjugates.
For some antibody-drug conjugates, p may be limited by the number of attachment sites on the antibody. For example, an antibody may have only one or several cysteine thiol groups, or may have only one or several sufficiently reactive thiol groups through which a linker may be attached. Higher drug loading, e.g. p >5, may cause aggregation, insolubility, toxicity, or loss of cellular permeability of certain antibody-drug conjugates.
Typically, fewer than the theoretical maximum of drug moieties are conjugated to an antibody during a conjugation reaction. An antibody may contain, for example, many lysine residues that do not react with the Drug Linker (A or B). Only the most reactive lysine groups may react with an amine-reactive linker reagent. Also, only the most reactive cysteine thiol groups may react with a thiol-reactive linker reagent. Generally, antibodies do not contain many, if any, free and reactive cysteine thiol groups which may be linked to a drug moiety. Most cysteine thiol residues in the antibodies of the compounds exist as disulfide bridges and must be reduced with a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) or TCEP, under partial or total reducing conditions. The loading (drug/antibody ratio) of an ADC may be controlled in several different manners, including: (i) limiting the molar excess of Drug Linker (A or B) relative to antibody, (ii) limiting the conjugation reaction time or temperature, and (iii) partial or limiting reductive conditions for cysteine thiol modification.
Certain antibodies have reducible interchain disulfides, i.e. cysteine bridges. Antibodies may be made reactive for conjugation with linker reagents by treatment with a reducing agent such as DTT (dithiothreitol). Each cysteine bridge will thus form, theoretically, two reactive thiol nucleophiles. Additional nucleophilic groups can be introduced into antibodies through the reaction of lysines with 2-iminothiolane (Traut's reagent) resulting in conversion of an amine into a thiol. Reactive thiol groups may be introduced into the antibody (or fragment thereof) by engineering one, two, three, four, or more cysteine residues (e.g., preparing mutant antibodies comprising one or more non-native cysteine amino acid residues). U.S. Pat. No. 7,521,541 teaches engineering antibodies by introduction of reactive cysteine amino acids.
Cysteine amino acids may be engineered at reactive sites in an antibody and which do not form intrachain or intermolecular disulfide linkages (Junutula, et al., 2008b Nature Biotech., 26(8):925-932; Dornan et al (2009) Blood 114(13):2721-2729; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,521,541; 7,723,485; WO2009/052249). The engineered cysteine thiols may react with linker reagents or the drug-linker reagents of the present invention which have thiol-reactive, electrophilic groups such as maleimide or alpha-halo amides to form ADC with cysteine engineered antibodies and the PBD drug moieties. The location of the drug moiety can thus be designed, controlled, and known. The drug loading can be controlled since the engineered cysteine thiol groups typically react with thiol-reactive linker reagents or drug-linker reagents in high yield. Engineering an IgG antibody to introduce a cysteine amino acid by substitution at a single site on the heavy or light chain gives two new cysteines on the symmetrical antibody. A drug loading near 2 can be achieved with near homogeneity of the conjugation product ADC.
Where more than one nucleophilic or electrophilic group of the antibody reacts with a drug-linker intermediate, or linker reagent followed by drug moiety reagent, then the resulting product is a mixture of ADC compounds with a distribution of drug moieties attached to an antibody, e.g. 1, 2, 3, etc. Liquid chromatography methods such as polymeric reverse phase (PLRP) and hydrophobic interaction (HIC) may separate compounds in the mixture by drug loading value. Preparations of ADC with a single drug loading value (p) may be isolated, however, these single loading value ADCs may still be heterogeneous mixtures because the drug moieties may be attached, via the linker, at different sites on the antibody.
Thus the antibody-drug conjugate compositions of the invention include mixtures of antibody-drug conjugate compounds where the antibody has one or more PBD drug moieties and where the drug moieties may be attached to the antibody at various amino acid residues.
In one embodiment, the average number of dimer pyrrolobenzodiazepine groups per cell binding agent is in the range 1 to 20. In some embodiments the range is selected from 1 to 8, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, and 4 to 8.
In some embodiments, there is one dimer pyrrolobenzodiazepine group per cell binding agent.
General Synthetic Routes
The synthesis of PBD compounds is extensively discussed in the following references, which discussions are incorporated herein by reference:
a) WO 00/12508 (pages 14 to 30);
b) WO 2005/023814 (pages 3 to 10);
c) WO 2004/043963 (pages 28 to 29); and
d) WO 2005/085251 (pages 30 to 39).
Synthesis Route
The Drug Linker compounds of the present invention may be synthesised according to the Examples.
Synthesis of Drug Conjugates
Conjugates can be prepared as previously described. Antibodies can be conjugated to the Drug Linker compounds as described in Doronina et al., Nature Biotechnology, 2003, 21, 778-784). Briefly, antibodies (4-5 mg/mL) in PBS containing 50 mM sodium borate at pH 7.4 are reduced with tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) at 37° C. The progress of the reaction, which reduces interchain disulfides, is monitored by reaction with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and allowed to proceed until the desired level of thiols/mAb is achieved. The reduced antibody is then cooled to 0° C. and alkylated with 1.5 equivalents of maleimide drug-linker per antibody thiol. After 1 hour, the reaction is quenched by the addition of 5 equivalents of N-acetyl cysteine. Quenched drug-linker is removed by gel filtration over a PD-10 column. The ADC is then sterile-filtered through a 0.22 μm syringe filter. Protein concentration can be determined by spectral analysis at 280 nm and 329 nm, respectively, with correction for the contribution of drug absorbance at 280 nm. Size exclusion chromatography can be used to determine the extent of antibody aggregation, and RP-HPLC can be used to determine the levels of remaining NAC-quenched drug-linker.
Further Preferences
The following preferences may apply to all aspects of the invention as described above, or may relate to a single aspect. The preferences may be combined together in any combination.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula III is A.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula III is B.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula III is C.
Reaction progress was monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using Merck Kieselgel 60 F254 silica gel, with fluorescent indicator on aluminium plates. Visualisation of TLC was achieved with UV light or iodine vapour unless otherwise stated. Flash chromatography was performed using Merck Kieselgel 60 F254 silica gel. Extraction and chromatography solvents were bought and used without further purification from VWR, U.K. All chemicals were purchased from Aldrich.
Proton NMR chemical shift values were measured on the delta scale at 400 MHz using a Bruker AV400. The following abbreviations have been used: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; quin, quintet; m, multiplet; br, broad. Coupling constants are reported in Hz. Column chromatography was performed on an Isolera (Biotage) automated system using normal phase SNAP cartridges.
The LC/MS Conditions were as Follow:
LCMS data were obtained using a Shimadzu Nexera series LC/MS with a Shimadzu LCMS-2020 quadrupole MS, with Electrospray ionisation. Mobile phase A—0.1% formic acid in water. Mobile phase B—0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
Short run gradient: initial composition was 5% B held over 0.25 min, then increase from 5% B to 100% B over a 2 min period. The composition was held for 0.50 min at 100% B, then returned to 5% B in 0.05 minutes and hold there for 0.05 min. Total gradient run time equals 3 min. Flow rate 0.8 mL/min. Wavelength detection range: 190 to 800 nm. Oven temperature: 50° C. Column: Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 1.7 μm 2.1×50 mm.
Long run gradient: initial composition 5% B held over 1 min, then increase from 5% B to 100% B over a 9 min period. The composition was held for 2 min at 100% B, then returned to 5% B in 0.10 minutes and hold there for 3 min. Total gradient run time equals 15 min. Flow rate 0.6 mL/min. Wavelength detection range: 190 to 800 nm. Oven temperature: 50° C. Column: ACE Excel 2 C18-AR, 2 μp, 3.0×100 mm.
A solution of (R)-2-mercaptopropan-1-ol 11 (0.4 g, 4.35 mmol, 1.0 eq.) in dry DCM (14 mL) was added drop wise to a solution of 3-nitropyridin-2-yl hypochlorothioite 12 (1.0 g 5.22 mmol, 1.2 eq) in dry DCM (40 mL) under an argon atmosphere at 0° C. with stirring. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a yellow gum. The gum was re-dissolved in water and the solution was basified with ammonium hydroxide solution (pH12), extracted with DCM (4×50 mL) and the combined extracts were washed with saturated brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give an orange oil/solid mixture. Purification by flash column chromatography [gradient elution DCM/MeOH 0% to 1%] gave the product as a yellow semi-solid (0.745 g, 70%). Analytical Data: RT 1.41 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 247 ([M+H]+, 100).
Commercially available proline derivative (1) was obtained from Omegachem
Potassium carbonate (19.92 g, 14 mmol, 3.0 eq.) was added to a stirred solution of the carboxylic acid 1 (10.92 g, 48 mmol, 1.0 eq.) in DMF (270 mL). The resulting white suspension was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins, at which point iodomethane (21.48 g, 9.5 mL, 151 mmol, 3.15 eq.) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 days. The DMF was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to afford a yellow residue which was partitioned between ethylacetate and water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water brined and dried over magnesium sulphate. The ethylacetate was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a yellow oil. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography [85% n-hexane/15% ethylacetate] to afford the product as a colourless oil (10.74 g, 93%).
A solution of 4 M hydrochloric acid in dioxane (63 mL, 254.4 mmol, 4.5 eq.) was added to the Boc protected C-ring fragment 2 (13.67 g, 56.6 mmol, 1.0 eq.) at room temperature.
Effervescence was observed indicating liberation of CO2 and removal of the Boc group. The product precipitated as a white solid and additional dioxane was added to facilitate stirring the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for an hour and then diluted with diethyl ether. The precipitated product was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with additional diethyl ether. Air drying afforded the desired product as a white powder (9.42 g, 94%).
(i) 1′,3′-Bis[2-methoxy-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]propane (5)
Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (71.3 mL, 73.2 g, 362 mmol) was added drop-wise over a period of 60 min to an overhead stirred solution of methyl vanillate 4 (60 g, 329 mmol) and Ph3P (129.4 g, 494 mmol) in anhydrous THF (800 mL) at 0-5° C. (ice/acetone) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0-5° C. for an additional 1 h after which time a solution of 1,3-propanediol (11.4 mL, 12.0 g, 158 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added drop-wise over a period of 20 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 5 days. The resulting white precipitate 3 was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with THF and dried in a vacuum desiccator to constant weight. Yield=54.68 g (84% based on 1,3-propanediol). Analytical Data: Purity satisfactory by LC/MS 3.20 min (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 427 ([M+Na]+, 10); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 67.64 (dd, 2H, J=1.8, 8.3 Hz), 7.54 (d, 2H, J=1.8 Hz), 6.93 (d, 2H, J=8.5 Hz), 4.30 (t, 4H, J=6.1 Hz), 3.90 (s, 6H), 3.89 (s, 6H), 2.40 (p, 2H, J=6.0 Hz).
Solid Cu(NO3)2.3H2O (81.54 g, 337.5 mmol) was added slowly to an overhead stirred slurry of the bis-ester 5 (54.68 g, 135 mmol) in acetic anhydride (650 mL) at 0-5° C. (ice/acetone). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 h at 0-5° C. and then allowed to warm to room temperature. A mild exotherm (a 40-50° C.), accompanied by thickening of the mixture and evolution of NO2 was observed at this stage. Additional acetic anhydride (300 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured onto ice (˜1.5 L), stirred and allowed to return to room temperature. The resulting yellow precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and dried in a desiccator to afford the desired bis-nitro compound 6 as a yellow solid. Yield=66.7 g (100%). Analytical Data: Purity satisfactory by LC/MS 3.25 min (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 517 ([M+Na]+, 40); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.06 (s, 2H), 4.32 (t, 4H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.95 (s, 6H), 3.90 (s, 6H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 2H). See ref Thurston 1996.
A slurry of the methyl ester 6 (66.7 g, 135 mmol) in THF (700 mL) was treated with 1N NaOH (700 mL) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir vigorously at room temperature. After 4 days stirring, the slurry became a dark coloured solution which was subjected to rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to remove THF. The resulting aqueous residue was acidified to pH 1 with concentrated HCl and the colourless precipitate 7 was collected and dried thoroughly in a vacuum oven (50° C.). Yield=54.5 g (87%). Analytical Data: Purity satisfactory by LC/MS 2.65 min (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 489 ([M+Na]+, 30); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.62 (s, 2H), 7.30 (s, 2H), 4.29 (t, 4H, J=6.0 Hz), 3.85 (s, 6H), 2.30-2.26 (m, 2H).
A catalytic amount of anhydrous DMF (2.4 mL) was added to a stirred suspension of oxalyl chloride (14.7 g, 9.8 mL, 115.8 mmol, 3 eq.) and dimer core 7 (18 g, 38.6 mmol, 1 eq.) in anhydrous DCM (500 mL) at room temperature. Vigorous effervescence was observed after the addition of DMF and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 18 h in a round bottom flask fitted with a calcium chloride drying tube. The resulting clear solution was evaporated under reduced pressure and the solid triturated with ether. The solid product was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with additional ether and dried in vacuo at 40° C. for 1.5 h. This solid was then added portion wise to a suspension of the C-ring 3 (15.1 g, 84.9 mmol, 2.2 eq.) and TEA (19.5 g, 27 ml, 119.6 mmol, 5 eq.) in dry DCM (375 mL), maintaining the temperature between −40 and −50° C. with the aid of a dry ice/acetonitrile bath. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at −40° C. for 1 h and then allowed to warm to room temperature at which point LCMS indicated the complete consumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was diluted with additional DCM and washed sequentially with aqueous hydrochloric acid (1M, 2×200 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2×250 mL), water (250 mL), brine (250 mL), dried (MgSO4). DCM was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to afford the product as a yellow foam (25.72 g, 94%). Analytical Data: RT 1.59 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 713 [M+H]+, 100)
Solid lithium borohydride (3.18 g, 146 mmol, 3 eq.) was added in one portion to a solution of the ester 8 (34.72 g, 48.7 mmol, 1 eq.) in dry THF (350 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. (ice bath). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0° C. for 30 mins and then allowed to warm to room temperature at which point precipitation of an orange gum was observed. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for a further 2 hours and then cooled in an ice bath and treated with water to give a yellow suspension. Hydrochloric acid (1M) was carefully added until effervescence ceased. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (×4) and the combined organic layers were washed with water (×1), brine (×1) and dried (MgSO4). Ethylacetate was removed by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to give a yellow foam. Purification by flash column chromatography [gradient elution DCM/MeOH 0% to 5% in 1% increments] gave the product as a pale yellow foam (23.1 g, 72%). Analytical Data: RT 1.23 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 657 ([M+H]+, 100)
A solution of the bis-alcohol 9 (10 g, 15.2 mmol, 1 eq.), t-butyldimethylsilylchloride (5.97 g, 39.6 mmol, 2.6 eq.) and imidazole (5.38 g, 79 mmol, 5.2 eq.) in dry DMF (80 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (500 mL) to give a yellow precipitate. The mixture was extracted with DCM (4×100 mL) and the combined extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a viscous yellow oil. Purification by column chromatography [biotage isolera, gradient elution hexane 60%/EtOAc 40% to EtOAc 100%, 8 column volumes 100 g snap Ultra® cartridge] gave the product as a yellow foam (11.8 g, 88%). Analytical Data: RT 2.20 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 885 ([M+H]+, 100), 907 ([M+Na]+, 50)
Zinc powder (31.9 g, 488 mmol, 40 eq.) was activated by stirring/sonication with 1M HCl for 10 min. The Zinc was filtered washing with 1M HCl, water (×3) and MeOH (×2). The activated Zinc was added to a solution of the nitro-TBS compound 10 (10.8 g, 12.2 mmol, 1 eq.) in MeOH (88 mL) and 5% formic acid/MeOH solution (440 mL). The temperature rose to 37° C. and the reaction mixture changed from a yellow to a colourless solution. Once the exotherm had subsided (20 min.) the reaction was shown to be complete by LCMS. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite washing with EtOAc. The EtOAc portion was washed with saturated bicarbonate solution (×4) [caution effervescence!], water (×1), brine (×1), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a yellow solid. Purification by flash column chromatography [n-hexane/EtOAc 50/50 v/v to EtOAc 100% in 10% increments] gave the product as a yellow foam (9.5 g, 86%). Analytical Data: RT 2.12 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 825 ([M+H]+, 60), 847 ([M+Na]+, 30)
A solution of the bis-aniline 11 (3.27 g, 3.96 mmol) and di-t-butyldicarbonate (0.85 g, 3.96 mmol) in dry THF (125 mL) were heated under reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography [n-hexane/EtOAc 50/50 v/v to EtOAc 100% in 10% increments then EtOAc/MeOH 98/2 v/v] to give the desired product as a yellow foam (1.63 g, 44%). Analytical Data: RT 2.28 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 925 ([M+H]+, 70), 947 ([M+Na]+, 100)
Triphosgene (81 mg, 0.275 mmol, 0.36 eq.) was added to a solution of intermediate (13) 0.188 g, 0.76 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and dry pyridine (60.3 mg, 62 μL, 0.76 mmol, 1.0 eq.) in dry DCM (7 mL) at room temperature under an argon atmosphere with stirring. After 45 min. a sample was treated with diethylamine and this was analysed by LCMS as the dimethylamino carbamate (13). Analytical Data: RT 1.57 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 318 ([M+1]+, 40); 340 ([M+Na]+, 100).
The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a brown/orange solid. The solid was re-dissolved in dry DCM (7 mL) and added via pipette to a solution of the mono-Boc compound (12) (0.642 g, 0.69 mmol, 0.91 eq.) and dry pyridine (56 mg, 57 μL, 0.71 mmol, 0.93 eq.) in dry DCM (15 mL). The resultant solution was stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was triturated with et2o (×3) and the et2o evaporated to give crude product as a brown foam. Purification by flash column chromatography [50% n-hexane/50% ethyl acetate] gave the desired product as a yellow foam (0.73 g, 88%). Analytical Data: [α]21D=−9.6° (c=0.31, hplc CHCl3); RT 2.37 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 1197 ([M+1]+, 40); 1219 ([M+Na]+, 100).
A solution of AcOH/H2O (18 mL/6 mL) was added to a solution of the bis-TBS compound (14) in THF (6 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. then diluted with H2O (xs) and the pH was adjusted to 8 with solid NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4×150 mL) and the combined extracts washed with saturated NaHCO3 (250 mL), H2O (250 mL), saturated brine (200 mL), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a yellow foam. Purification by flash column chromatography [ethyl acetate/MeOH 0% to 5% in 1% increments] gave the product as a yellow foam (0.477 g, 87%). Analytical Data: RT 1.57 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 969 ([M+1]+, 100); 991 ([M+Na]+, 40).
A solution of bis-alcohol (15) (0.462 g, 2.1 mmol, 1.0 eq.), diacetoxyiodobenzene (0.338 g, 1.05 mmol, 2.2 eq.) and TEMPO (18 mg, 0.11 mmol, 0.24 eq.) in dry DCM (28 mL) was stirred at room temperature for a total of 72 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with saturated sodium thiosulfate solution, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, saturated brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography [CHCl3/MeOH 0% to 3.5% in 0.5% increments] gave the product as a yellow solid (0.355 g, 77%). Analytical Data: RT 1.63 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 965 ([M+1]+, 60); 987 ([M+Na]+, 65).
Ice cold 95% TFA(aq) solution (4 mL) was added to the Boc protected compound 16 (0.177 g, 0.18 mmol, 1.0 eq) which had been cooled to 0° C. (ice bath). The yellow solution was stirred at 0° C. for 25 min. The reaction mixture was pipetted onto a mixture of ice/saturated NaHCO3 (200 mL) to give a solution pH 8. The mixture was extracted with CHCl3 (4×50 mL) and the combined extracts washed with brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The product was triturated with et2o give a yellow powder (0.155 g, 100%). Analytical Data: RT 6.04 min; MS (ES+) m/z (relative intensity) 847 ([M+1]+, 100).
Conjugate Trastuzumab-17
A 50 mM solution of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 (PBS) was added (50 molar equivalent/antibody, 6.7 micromoles, 133 μL) to a 4.6 mL solution of Trastuzumab antibody (20 mg, 133 nanomoles) in reduction buffer containing PBS and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a final antibody concentration of 4.35 mg/mL. The reduction mixture was heated at +37° C. for 3 hours (or until full reduction is observed by UHPLC) in an incubator with gentle (<100 rpm) shaking. After cooling down to room temperature, the reduced antibody was buffer exchanged, via spin filter centrifugation, into a reoxidation buffer containing PBS pH 7.4 and 1 mM EDTA to remove all the excess reducing agent. A 50 mM solution of dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA, 30 molar equivalent/antibody, 4 micromoles, 79 μL) in DMSO was added and the reoxidation mixture was allowed to react for 2 hours at room temperature with gentle (<100 rpm) shaking at an antibody concentration of 2.8 mg/mL (or more DHAA added and reaction left for longer until full reoxidation of the cysteine thiols to reform the inter-chain cysteine disulfides is observed by UHPLC). The reoxidation mixture was centrifuged for 3 min at 4000 rpm and then sterile-filtered and diluted in a conjugation buffer containing PBS pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA for a final antibody concentration of 2.6-2.8 mg/mL. Compound 17 was added as a DMSO solution (15 molar equivalent/antibody, 2 micromoles, in 0.5 mL DMSO) to 7 mL of this reoxidised antibody solution (20 mg, 133 nanomoles) for a 10% (v/v) final DMSO concentration. The solution was shaken for 4 days at +37° C. and then diluted to >50 mL in PBS, purified by spin filtration using a 15 mL Amicon Ultracell 50 kDa MWCO spin filter, sterile-filtered and analysed.
UHPLC analysis on a Shimadzu Prominence system using a TSKgel Butyl-NPR 4.6 mm ID 35 mm L column eluting with a gradient of 25 mM Sodiumphosphate, 1.25 M Ammonium sulphate, pH 5.5 and 25 mM Sodiumphosphate, 25% isopropanol on a neat sample of Conjugate at 214 nm and 330 nm (Compound 17 specific) shows unconjugated antibody and a mixture of single molecule of Compound 17 and two molecules of Compound 17, consistent with a drug-per-antibody ratio (DAR) of 1.57 molecules of Compound 17 per antibody.
UHPLC analysis on a Shimadzu Prominence system using a Tosoh Bioscience TSKgel SuperSW mAb HTP 4 μm 4.6×150 mm column (with a 4 μm 3.0×20 mm guard column) eluting with 0.3 mL/minute sterile-filtered SEC buffer containing 200 mM potassium phosphate pH 6.95, 250 mM potassium chloride and 10% isopropanol (v/v) on a sample of ADC at 280 nm shows a monomer purity of greater than 94%. UHPLC SEC analysis gives a concentration of final ADC at 1.31 mg/mL in 12 mL, obtained mass of ADC is 15.72 mg (79% yield).
Conjugate HLL2-17
A 50 mM solution of DTT (Dithiothreitol) in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 (PBS) was added (40 molar equivalent/antibody, 40 micromoles, 825 μL) to a 37.5 mL solution of HLL2 antibody (150 mg, 1 micromol) in reduction buffer containing PBS and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a final antibody concentration of 4 mg/mL. The reduction mixture was incubated at room temperature overnight with gentle (135 rpm) shaking. The reduced antibody was buffer exchanged against PBS, 1 mM EDTA to remove excess of DTT by TFF (Spectrum Labs 115 cm2 hollow fibre cassette with 50 kDa molecular weight cut off) and filtered before reoxidation. After TFF diafiltration antibody concentration is brought to 1.5 mg/mL. A 50 mM solution of dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA, 15 molar equivalent/antibody, 13.9 micromoles, 0.28 mL) in DMSO was added and the reoxidation mixture was allowed to react for 16 hours at room temperature with gentle (<150 rpm) shaking. The reoxidation mixture was then sterile-filtered; 128 mg of antibody (85 mL as 1.5 mg/mL solution) was obtained, 14 mL of which was taken forward for conjugation (20 mg, 0.14 micromoles). The reduced antibody was buffer-exchanged into 0.1M phosphate buffer pH8.0 using an Amicon Ultra-30K centrifugal filter device (Millipore, 30,000NMWL). Compound 17 was added as a DMSO solution (10 molar equivalent/antibody, 0.33 micromoles in 0.133 mL DMSO) to 14 mL of the reoxidised antibody solution. The conjugation mixture was topped with 1.27 ml of DMSO to bring the final DMSO concentration to 10% (v/v) and incubated for 7 days at 37° C. under gentle agitation (135 rpm). Free drug was then removed from the antibody-drug conjugate by extensive diafiltration in PBS using a spin filter device (Amicon Ultra-30K centrifugal filter). The resulting conjugation mixture was sterile-filtered and analysed by UHPLC.
UHPLC analysis on a Shimadzu Prominence system using a TSKgel Butyl-NPR 4.6 mm ID35 mm L column eluting with a gradient of 25 mM Sodium phosphate-1.25M Ammonium sulphate-pH5.5 and 25 mM sodium phosphate-25% isopropanol on a neat sample of HLL2-Maia-SG3521 at 214 nm and 330 nm (Compound 17 specific) shows a main peak (retention time 3.15 min) and is consistent with a drug-per-antibody ratio (DAR) of 2 molecules of Compound 17 per antibody.
UHPLC analysis on a Shimadzu Prominence system using a Tosoh Bioscience TSKgel SuperSW mAb HTP 4 μm 4.6×150 mm column (with a 4 μm 3.0×20 mm guard column) eluting with 0.3 mL/minute sterile-filtered SEC buffer containing 200 mM potassium phosphate pH 6.95, 250 mM potassium chloride and 10% isopropanol (v/v) on a sample of ADC at 280 nm shows a monomer purity greater than 96%. UHPLC SEC analysis gives a concentration of final ADC at 1.79 mg/mL in 9.5 mL, obtained mass of ADC is 17 mg (81% yield).
Conjugate R347-17
A 50 mM solution of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 (PBS) was added (40 molar equivalent/antibody, 53 micromoles, 1.068 mL at 50 mM) to a 14.2 mL solution of R347 antibody (200 mg, 1.33 micromoles) in reduction buffer containing PBS and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a final antibody concentration of 4.0 mg/mL. The reduction mixture was heated at +37° C. for 4.5 hours (or until full reduction observed by UHPLC) in an incubator with gentle (<100 rpm) shaking. After cooling down to room temperature, the reduced antibody was buffer exchanged, via Tangential Flow Filtration unit (TFF) using mPES, MidiKros® 30 kDa fiber filter with 115 cm2 surface area, into a reoxidation buffer containing PBS pH 7.4 and 1 mM EDTA to remove all the excess reducing agent. The reduced antibody was centrifuged for 3 min at 4000 rpm and then filtered using 0.45 μM membrane filter. A 50 mM solution of dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA, 15 molar equivalent/antibody, 20 micromoles, 400 μL at 50 mM) in DMSO was added and the reoxidation mixture was allowed to react for 16 hours at room temperature with gentle (<100 rpm) shaking at an antibody concentration of 2.6 mg/mL (or until full reoxidation of the cysteine thiols to reform the inter-chain cysteine disulfides is observed by UHPLC). The reoxidation mixture was centrifuged for 3 min at 4000 rpm and then sterile-filtered using 0.2 μM membrane filter. To that 4 mL of 1.0 M NaHCO3 was added to adjust the pH of the antibody solution to 8.0. Compound 17 was added as a DMSO solution (10 molar equivalent/antibody, 13.3 micromoles, in 7.7 mL DMSO) to 90 mL of this reoxidised antibody solution (200 mg, 13.3 micromoles) for a 10% (v/v) final DMSO concentration. The solution was shaken for 2-4 days at +37° C. and the extent of drug-per-antibody ratio (DAR) was calculated by UHPLC-HIC.
Purification of the ADC were performed with AKTA Start using prepacked 5 mL Ceramic hydroxyapatite type-II column from Bio-Rad. ˜65 mg of crude ADC was diluted with 150 mL of 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, pH 6.0 and then loaded onto the column at 2 mL/min. ADC's were eluted with 50% of 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, 2 M NaCl, pH 6.0 over 8 CV's. Each fractions were analysed by UHPLC-SEC for their monomeric content and fractions with >95% monomeric purity were pooled and stored at +4° C. Subsequently, two more purification runs were performed. The whole process of R347 conjugation with Compound 17 was repeated once again with 200 mg antibody and further purified with CHT column. In total, fractions from all six purifications runs were pooled and then buffer exchanged onto 25 mM Histidine, 200 mM Sucrose, pH 6.0, via TFF using mPES, MidiKros® 30 kDa fiber filter with 115 cm2 surface area.
UHPLC analysis on a Shimadzu Prominence system using a TSKgel Butyl-NPR 4.6 mm ID 35 mm L column eluting with a gradient of 25 mM Sodiumphosphate, 1.25 M Ammonium sulphate, pH 5.5 and 25 mM Sodiumphosphate, 25% isopropanol on a neat sample of Conjugate at 214 nm and 330 nm (Compound 17 specific) shows unconjugated antibody and a mixture of single molecule of Compound 17 and two molecules of Compound 17, consistent with a drug-per-antibody ratio (DAR) of 1.61 molecules of Compound 17 per antibody.
UHPLC analysis on a Shimadzu Prominence system using a Tosoh Bioscience TSKgel SuperSW mAb HTP 4 μm 4.6×150 mm column (with a 4 μm 3.0×20 mm guard column) eluting with 0.3 mL/minute sterile-filtered SEC buffer containing 200 mM potassium phosphate pH 6.95, 250 mM potassium chloride and 10% isopropanol (v/v) on a sample of ADC at 280 nm shows a monomer purity of greater than 98%. UHPLC SEC analysis gives a concentration of final ADC at 2.20 mg/mL in 117 mL, obtained mass of ADC is 257 mg (64% yield).
Medium from sub-confluent (80-90% confluency) cell culture in a T75 flask was aspirated and the flask rinsed with PBS (about 20 ml) and emptied. Trypsin-EDTA (5 ml) was added, the flask returned to the 37° C. gassed incubator for up to about 5 minutes, then rapped sharply to dislodge and dissociate cells from the plastic. The cell suspension was transferred to a sterile 50 ml screw-top centrifuge tube, diluted with growth medium to a final volume of 15 ml, then centrifuged (400 g for 5 min). The supernatant was aspirated and the pellet re-suspended in 10 ml culture medium. Repeated pipetting may be necessary to produce monodisperse cell suspensions. The cell concentration and viability are measured of trypan blue cell stained cells, using a haemocytometer. Cells were diluted to 2×105/ml, dispensed (50 μl/well) into 96 well flat bottom plates and incubated overnight before use.
A stock solution (1 ml) of antibody drug conjugate (ADC) (20 μg/ml) was made by dilution of filter-sterilised ADC into cell culture medium. A set of 8×10-fold dilutions of stock ADC were made in a 24 well plate by serial transfer of 100 μl onto 900 μl of cell culture medium.
ADC dilution was dispensed (50 μl/well) into 4 replicate wells of the 96-well plate, containing 50 μl cell suspension seeded the previous day. Control wells received 50 μl cell culture medium.
The 96-well plate containing cells and ADCs was incubated at 37° C. in a CO2-gassed incubator for the exposure time.
At the end of the incubation period, cell viability was measured by MTS assay. MTS (Promega) was dispensed (20 μl per well) into each well and incubated for 4 hours at 37° C. in the CO2-gassed incubator. Well absorbance was measured at 490 nm. Percentage cell survival was calculated from the mean absorbance in the 4 ADC-treated wells compared to the mean absorbance in the 4 control untreated wells (100%). IC50 was determined from the doses-response data using GraphPad Prism using the non-linear curve fit algorithm: sigmoidal, 4PL X is log(concentration).
Mice
Female severe combined immune-deficient mice (Fox Chase SCID®, C.B-17/Icr-Prkdcscid, Charles River) were ten weeks old with a body weight (BW) range of 16.2 to 21.9 grams on Day 1 of the study. The animals were fed ad libitum water (reverse osmosis, 1 ppm CI), and NIH 31 Modified and Irradiated Lab Diet® consisting of 18.0% crude protein, 5.0% crude fat, and 5.0% crude fibre. The mice were housed on irradiated Enricho'Cobs™ Laboratory Animal Bedding in static micro-isolators on a 12-hour light cycle at 20-22° C. (68-72° F.) and 40-60% humidity. CR Discovery Services specifically complies with the recommendations of the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals with respect to restraint, husbandry, surgical procedures, feed and fluid regulation, and veterinary care. The animal care and use program at CR Discovery Services is accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC), which assures compliance with accepted standards for the care and use of laboratory animals.
Tumor Cell Culture
Human NCI-N87 gastric carcinoma lymphoma cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate and 25 μg/mL gentamicin. The cells were grown in tissue culture flasks in a humidified incubator at 37° C., in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air.
In Vivo Implantation and Tumor Growth
The NCI-N87 cells used for implantation were harvested during log phase growth and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 50% Matrigel™ (BD Biosciences). On the day of tumor implant, each test mouse (SCID mice as in Example 6) was injected subcutaneously in the right flank with 1×107 cells (0.1 mL cell suspension), and tumor growth was monitored as the average size approached the target range of 100 to 150 mm3. Eleven days later, designated as Day 1 of the study, mice were sorted according to calculated tumor size into eleven groups each consisting of ten animals with individual tumor volumes ranging from 88 to 144 mm3 and group mean tumor volumes of 119-121 mm3. Tumors were measured in two dimensions using calipers, and volume was calculated using the formula:
Tumour Volume (mm3)=0.5(w2×l)
where w=width and l=length, in mm, of the tumour. Tumour weight may be estimated with the assumption that 1 mg is equivalent to 1 mm3 of tumour volume
Treatment 1
Treatment began on Day 1 in groups of mice (n=10) with established subcutaneous NCI-N87 tumors (108-144 mm3). Trastuzumab-17 were administered intravenously once on Day 1 (qd×1) at two dosages (0.3 and 1 mg/kg). A vehicle-treated group served as the control group for efficacy analysis. Tumors were measured twice per week until the study was ended on Day 81. Each mouse was euthanized when its tumor reached the endpoint volume of 800 mm3 or on the final day, whichever came first. The time to endpoint (TTE) was calculated for each mouse.
Treatment outcome was determined from percent tumor growth delay (% TGD), defined as the percent increase in median TTE for treated versus control mice, with differences between groups deemed statistically significant at P≤0.05 using logrank survival analysis. Mice were monitored for complete regression (CR) and partial regression (PR) responses.
Treatment tolerability was assessed by body weight measurements and frequent observation for signs of treatment-related side effects. Treatment tolerability was assessed by body weight measurements and frequent observation for signs of treatment-related side effects. All regimens were acceptably tolerated.
The median TTE for vehicle-treated controls was 40.7 days, establishing a maximum possible TGD of 40.3 days (99%) for the 81-day study. Trastuzumab-17 produced no therapeutic effect at 0.3 mg/kg but at 1 mg/kg produced a median TTE of 52.7 days equivalent to a TGD of 12 days or 29%.
The results are illustrated in
Treatment 2 Treatment began on Day 1 in groups of mice (n=10) with established subcutaneous NCI-N87 tumors (108-172 mm3). Trastuzumab-17 was administered intravenously once on Day 1 (qd×1) at two dosages (3 and 5 mg/kg). A vehicle-treated group served as the control group for efficacy analysis. Tumors were measured twice per week until the study was ended on Day 81. Each mouse was euthanized when its tumor reached the endpoint volume of 800 mm3 or on the final day, whichever came first. The time to endpoint (TTE) was calculated for each mouse.
Treatment outcome was determined from percent tumor growth delay (% TGD), defined as the percent increase in median TTE for treated versus control mice, with differences between groups deemed statistically significant at P≤0.05 using logrank survival analysis. Mice were monitored for complete regression (CR) and partial regression (PR) responses.
Treatment tolerability was assessed by body weight measurements and frequent observation for signs of treatment-related side effects. Treatment tolerability was assessed by body weight measurements and frequent observation for signs of treatment-related side effects. All regimens were acceptably tolerated.
The median TTE for vehicle-treated controls was 45.2 days, establishing a maximum possible TGD of 35.7 days (79%) for the 80-day study. Trastuzumab-17 at 3 mg/kg produced a median TTE of 69.8 days, equivalent to a TGD of 24.6 days or 54%. At 5 mg/kg ADC-SG3521 produced a median TTE of 78 days equivalent to a TGD of 32.8 days or 72%.
Trastuzumab-17, at 5 mg/kg produced five partial regressions (PRs). The results are illustrated in
Female CB.17 SCID mice, aged ten weeks, were injected with 0.1 ml of 1×107 JIMT-1 cells in 50% Matrigel sub-cutaneously in the right flank. When tumours reached an average size of 100-150 mm3, treatment began. Mice were weighed twice a week. Tumour size was measured twice a week. Animals were monitored individually. The endpoint of the experiment was a tumour volume of 1000 mm3 or 59 days, whichever came first.
Groups of 10 xenografted mice were injected i.v. with 0.2 ml per 20 g of body weight of Trastuzumab-17, in phosphate buffered saline (vehicle) or with 0 2 ml per 20 g of body weight of vehicle alone. The concentration of Trastuzumab-17 was adjusted to give 1 or 3 mg Trastuzumab-17/kg body weight in a single dose.
All regimens were acceptably tolerated with little body weight loss. The median time to end point (TTE) for vehicle-treated controls was 48.4 days, establishing a maximum possible tumour growth delay (TGD) of 10.6 days (22%) for the 59-day study. The 1 mg/kg regimen resulted in a TGD of 8.9 days (18%), which was statistically significant from controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, the 1 mg/kg regimen had three of ten 59-day survivors and produced a significant survival benefit compared with controls (p<0.05). The 3 mg/kg regimen resulted in the maximum possible, significant TGD (vs controls, p<0.01), had six of ten 59-day survivors and produced a survival benefit that was statistically significantly different from vehicle-treated controls (p<0.01).
Rat Study:
A single dose toxicity study was used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety profile of Trastuzumab-17. Male Sprague Dawley rats (Harlan, Inc) were dosed once by slow bolus intravenous injection via the tail vein. Parameters evaluated during the study included mortality, physical examinations, cageside observations, body weights, body weight changes, clinical pathology (clinical chemistry, hematology, and coagulation), and gross pathology findings. All animals were terminated on Study Day (SD) 29.
Tolerability was determined based on toxicity end points, including body weight loss (>10%) and bone marrow suppression. Based on minimal adverse findings at the high dose, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in the rat after a single dose of Trastuzumab-17 was determined to be the highest dose level evaluated of 23 mg/kg.
Therapeutic Index
The Therapeutic Index can be calculated by dividing the maximum tolerated single dose (MTD) of non-targeted ADC in rat, by the minimal effective single dose (MED) of the a targeted ADC. The MED is the single dose necessary to achieve tumour stasis in an in vivo model at 28 days (for NCI-N87 xenograft).
Thus for conjugates of compound 17, the therapeutic index is the MTD of 23 mg/kg divided by the MED which is about 4 mg/kg (see
Cynomolgus Macaque Study:
A non-GLP Single-Dose Toxicity study was performed in male Cynomolgus macaques monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of Cambodian origin following a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection of Trastuzumab-17. Animals (n=1) were treated at dose levels of 4, 6, and 9 mg/kg to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Animals were dosed by slow bolus intravenous injection via the saphenous vein with test material (Trastuzumab-17). Necropsy was performed 65 days after initiation of dosing.
Animals treated with 9 mg/kg were euthanized prior to end of study in poor clinical condition. In contrast, Trastuzumab-17 at 6 mg/kg was well tolerated and all animals survived until scheduled necropsy. Based on the observations at 9 mg/kg, and minimal signs of toxicity at the next lowest dose, the MTD of Trastuzumab-17 in cynos was 6 mg/kg.
All documents and other references mentioned above are herein incorporated by reference.
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1602359.0 | Feb 2016 | GB | national |
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PCT/EP2017/052990 | 2/10/2017 | WO | 00 |
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WO2017/137555 | 8/17/2017 | WO | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20190125893 A1 | May 2019 | US |