Patent Grant
7348303
Use of quaternary ammonium compounds in detergents formulations has been widely used as it improves physical and chemical properties of the mixture.
One of the most used ammonium quaternary are the Hydroxyethyl Quats. They could be classified as a typical cationic surfactant which solubility or hydrophilic characteristics are improved by the presence of a hydroxyl group in its structure. This characteristic makes possible its use in typical anionic formulation in which is stable and shows particular benefits synergetic action on removal of difficult stains like oily and fatty ones from fabrics or other surfaces, also after aging.
It also presents synergistic effect when incorporate with anionics, amphoterics, and/or non-ionics surfactants.
Hydroxyethyl Quats are detergency boosters for use in all laundry detergent powders and liquid for clothes washing in house hold, industrial, and institutional area.
The use of these compounds in HDP formulations improves the fatty-soil and clay-soil removal, the graying inhibition, the enzyme efficiency and the bleach effects. Besides that it reduces interference of surfactant system on the action of dye transfer inhibitor and dye fixing agents.
All these benefits are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,812, WO 97/45513, WO 97/43367, WO 97/42292, WO 97/44419, WO97/12018, WO 98/13448, WO 98/13449, WO 98/13451, WO 98/13452, WO 98/13453, WO 98/17751, WO 98/17754, WO 98/17755, WO 98/17758, WO 98/17759, WO 98/17766, WO98/17767, WO 98/17768, WO 98/17769, WO 98/20092, WO 98/35004.
Hydroxyethyl Quats also provide a sensitive synergic improvement in physical and chemical properties of light duty liquid formulations, as described in WO0188073. In Hard Surface Cleaners the Hydroxyethyl Quats increase the detergency when it is in the presence of anionic surfactants and in Disinfectant Cleaners it presents all benefits as comparable with anionic cleaners but with a special anti-bacteria effect, as described in WO 01/94511.
The up dated technology available to produce this kind of surfactant is based on synthesis in aqueous medium, as the active content is a salt and so it's highly soluble in water. Therefore, it has been commercialized in aqueous solution. However, nowadays the detergent market tends to use raw materials as concentrated as possible, what means with the lowest amount of water possible. In most of the cases the water has to be removed from the final formulation. So, it's a big advantage to the customer buying the cationic compound obtained in a medium that is part of the final product and don't need to be removed. Besides that, using detergents having high concentrations of detersive substances minimize transportation, storage and packaging costs. It also improves handling for the customer.
In this way detergents having big amounts of water constitute a difficulty for detergent industries because it decreases the content of the active substances.
The present invention provides for quaternary ammonium composition essentially consisting of
a) a cationic compound with general formula:
wherein R1 is C8-C22-alkyl, C8-C22-alkenyl, C8-C22-alkylamidopropyl, C8-C22-alkenyl-amidopropyl, C8-C22-alkyl/alkenyl(poly)alkoxyalkyl, C8-C22-alkanoylethyl or C8-C22-alkenoylethyl, R2, R3 and R4 are C1-C22-alkyl, C2-C22-alkenyl or a group of the formula -A-(OA)n-OH, A is —C2H4— and/or —C3H6—, n is a number from 0 to 20 and X is an anion,
b) water and
c) a non-ionic solvent of the general formula R—O-(AO)nH, where R is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or alkyl-phenyl, A is C2H4 and/or C3H6 and n is a number from 0 to 20, when R is alkyl or alkenyl and n is a number from 1 to 20 if R is hydrogen, which composition is characterized in that it contains less than 20% by weight of water.
The quaternary ammonium composition presents preferably 5 to 60% by weight of an active cationic component a), less than 20% of water and preferably 40 to 95% by weight of one or more of the non-ionic solvent. The composition is also characterized for having less than 5% of by products (free amine plus amine chlorohydrate). Addition of some additives to improve product characteristics is also possible.
The compositions as claimed herein are prepared in the following way according to the nature of R2, R3 and R4.
If R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group an amine of the formula
wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above, is quaternized by reacting it with a halo alkyl or halo alkenyl of the formula R4—X wherein X is chlorine or bromine. This reaction is made in the presence of a non-ionic solvent c) as defined above. The reaction time is from 3 to 8 hours and the reaction temperature is from 20 to 100° C. This reaction is done by diluting the starting amine with the non-ionic solvent and then adding the halo alkyl or halo alkenyl compound. It is also possible to first mix the halo alkyl or halo alkenyl compound with the non-ionic solvent and than add the amine.
If a composition is made containing a quaternary compound wherein R4 is a group of the formula -A-(OA)n-OH, the amine of the formula R1R2R3N is treated with an inorganic halo acid such as for example hydrochloric acid. This reaction is done in the presence of the non-ionic solvent as defined above. The reaction normally is completed after 0.5 to 2 hour at a temperature of 20 to 100° C. In a second step the ammonium salt obtained in the first step is reacted with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide at 40 to 100° C.
Normally this step takes 3-8 hours, depending on the amount of starting material and the equipment where the reaction is performance. It's important to emphasize that the component or component used as reactional medium must be inert, what means they cannot react with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide under the theses conditions.
As cationic surfactants there may be used the following ones, alkyldimethyl-hydroxyethyl-ammonium, alkyl-dimethyl(poly)alkoxyalkyl-ammonium, alkyltrimethyl-ammonium, dialkyldimethyl-ammonium, dialkyl-methyl(poly)alkoxyalkyl-ammonium, alkyl-di(poly)-alkoxyalkyl-methyl-ammonium, dialkyl-di(poly)alkoxy-ammonium, alkyl-tri(poly)-alkoxy-ammonium, alkylamidopropyl-trimethyl-ammonium, alkylamidopropyl-dimethyl(poly)-alkoxyalkyl-ammonium, alkoxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium. Instead of alkyl these ammonium compounds may also have alkenyl groups or mixtures of both. The alkyl as well as the alkenyl groups may contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms. They may be linear or branched. (Poly)-alkoxyalkyl means a group of the formula -A-(OA)n-OH wherein A is ethylene or propylene group or a mixture of both and n is a number of from 0 to 20. Preferably n is zero and A is ethylene that means those compounds and preferred which contain a hydroxyethyl group. Most preferred ammonium compounds are C8-C22-alkyl- or alkenyl-dimethyl-hydroxyethyl-ammonium compounds. All mentioned ammonium compounds might contain any kind of anion; the preferred ones are chloride, bromide, acetate, lactate, sulphate or methosulphate.
As solvent there may be used the following ones, an alcohol or an ethoxylated alcohol with general formula R—O-(AO)nH, where R is alkyl or alkenyl group containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, A is C2H4 and/or C3H6 and n is a number from 0 to 20, a polymer or a block co-polymer with general formula -A-(OA)n-OH wherein A is ethylene and/or propylene group or a mixture of both and n is a number of from 0 to 20, nonylphenol or ethoxylated nonylphenol with general formula C9H19-phenyl-O-(AO)nH, where A is C2H4 and/or C3H6 or a mixture of the compounds above.
To a 3 liter four necked round bottom flask equipped with stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and dropping funnel were charged 1460 g of C12/C14/C16 alcohol polyglycol 7 EO and 324 g of dimethyl alkyl (C12/C14/C16) amine. Under stirring were added 150 g of hydrochloric acid 34% in fifteen minutes. Due the exothermicity the temperature reach 70° C. During the addition the temperature was kept between 60-70° C. The system was let under stirring and at 70-75° C. for two more hours. We got approx. 1930 g of an intermediate product with the following characteristics:
Appearance (25° C.): Clear slightly yellow liquid
Free amine: 0.19%
Amine Chlorohydrate: 19.0%
Water (KF): 5.4%
To a 2 liter high-pressure reactor equipped with stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen feed and pressured dropping funnel were charged 969 g of the intermediate (Amine Chlorohydrate). The system was in inert mode and then heated to 65-70° C. Then 36.7 g (0.75 mols) of ethylene oxide were added in 4 hours, keeping the temperature at
75-80° C. and the pressure between 0.5 and 3.0 Bar. We kept the system for 1 more hour stirring at 75-80° C. We got approx. 1005 g of final product with the following characteristics:
Appearance (25° C.): Clear slightly yellow liquid
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.54%
Active content: 19.5%
Water (KF): 4.9%
To decrease even more the amount of water the product was distilled under vacuum and at 70-80° C. for 3 hour and we got a product with the following characteristic:
Appearance (25° C.): Clear slightly yellow liquid
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.55%
Active content: 19.8%
Water (KF): 1.7%
Keeping distilling for two more hours at the same conditions we got the following product:
Appearance (25° C.): Cloud white liquid
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.60%
Active content: 20.3%
Water (KF): 0.46%
Summarizing with this process we got tree different possible final product:
To a 3 liter four necked round bottom flask equipped with stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and dropping funnel were charged 1650 g of C12/C14/C16 alcohol polyglycol 7 EO and 905 g of dimethyl alkyl (C12/C14/C16) amine. Under stirring were added 419 g of hydrochloric acid 34% in fifteen minutes. Due the exothermicity the temperature reach 70° C. During the addition the temperature was kept between 60-70° C. The system was let under stirring and at 70-75° C. for two more hours. We got approx. 2974 g of an intermediate product with the following characteristics:
Appearance (25° C.): Slightly cloud and yellow liquid with shows phase separation after some days.
Free amine: 0.13%
Amine Chlorohydrate: 34.6%
Water: 10.8%
To a 2 liter high-pressure reactor equipped with stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen feed and pressured dropping funnel were charged 1120 g of the intermediate (Amine Chlorohydrate). The system was in inert mode and then heated to 65-70° C. Then 73.7 g (1.68 mols) of ethylene oxide were added in 4 hours, keeping the temperature at 75-80° C. and the pressure between 0.5 and 3.0 Bar. We kept the system for 1 more hour stirring at 75-80° C. We got approx. 1005 g of final product with the following characteristics:
Appearance (25° C.): Slightly cloud and yellow liquid with shows phase separation after some days. The product can be easily homogenized by stirring at a temperature between 25 and 50° C.
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.42%
Active content: 37.2%
Water (KF): 9.6%
To decrease even more the amount of water the product was distilled under vacuum and at 70-80° C. for 3 hour and we got a product with the following characteristic:
Appearance (25° C.): Slightly cloud and yellow liquid with shows phase separation after some days. The product can be easily homogenized by stirring at a temperature between 25 and 50° C.
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.4%
Active content: 39.7%
Water (KF): 4.6%
To a 3 liter four necked round bottom flask equipped with stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and dropping funnel were charged 1320 g of C12/C14/C16 alcohol polyglycol 7 EO and 456 g of dimethyl alkyl (C12/C14/C16) amine. Under stirring were added 211 g of hydrochloric acid 34% in fifteen minutes. Due the exothermicity the temperature reach 70° C. During the addition the temperature was kept between 60-70° C. The system was let under stirring and at 70-75° C. for two more hours. We got approx. 1930 g of an intermediate product with the following characteristics:
Appearance (25° C.): Slightly cloud and yellow liquid with shows phase separation after some days.
Free amine: 0.10%
Amine Chlorohydrate: 26.4%
Water: 8.6%
To a 2 liter high-pressure reactor equipped with stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen feed and pressured dropping funnel were charged 987 g of the intermediate (Amine Chlorohydrate). The system was in inert mode then heated to 65-70° C. Then 50.3 g (1.14 mols) of ethylene oxide were added in 4 hours, keeping the temperature at 75-80° C. and the pressure between 0.5 and 3.0 Bar. We kept the system for 1 more hour stirring at 75-80° C. We got approx. 1005 g of final product with the following characteristics:
Appearance (25° C.): Slightly cloud and yellow-liquid with shows phase separation after some days. The product can be easily homogenized by stirring at a temperature between 25 and 50° C.
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.37%
Active content: 28.4%
Water (KF): 7.5%
To decrease even more the amount of water the product was distilled under vacuum and at 70-80° C. for 3 hour and we got a product with the following characteristic:
Appearance (25° C.): Slightly cloud and yellow liquid with shows phase separation after some days. The product can be easily homogenized by stirring at a temperature between 25 and 50° C.
Free amine+amine chlorohydrate: 0.29%
Active content: 30.1%
Water (KF): 4.3%
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 02027119 | Dec 2002 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP03/13279 | 11/26/2003 | WO | 00 | 12/12/2005 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004/050605 | 6/17/2004 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4675180 | Gunter | Jun 1987 | A |
| 5053531 | Govindan | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5414124 | Smith et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5415812 | Durbut | May 1995 | A |
| 5634969 | Cody | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5718891 | Prat | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5858948 | Ghosh | Jan 1999 | A |
| 6017874 | Lappas | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6087314 | Heinzmann | Jul 2000 | A |
| 20030012763 | Barinova | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20050020473 | Gallotti | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2317391 | Mar 1998 | GB |
| WO 9407978 | Apr 1994 | WO |
| WO 9813449 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 9813452 | Apr 1998 | WO |
| WO 9820092 | May 1998 | WO |
| WO 9835004 | Aug 1998 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060135389 A1 | Jun 2006 | US |
