Patent Application
20240301524
This application relates to a quenching apparatus and a quenching method for a metal sheet with which it is possible to inhibit shape defects from occurring in the metal sheet when quenching is performed in a continuous annealing system, in which annealing is performed while the metal sheet is continuously threaded, and to a method for manufacturing a steel sheet.
When a metal sheet such as a steel sheet is manufactured, material properties are imparted by, for example, allowing phase transformation to occur by cooling the metal sheet after having heated the metal sheet in a continuous annealing system. Nowadays, there is a growing demand in the automobile industry for a high strength steel sheet (high tension steel sheet) having reduced thickness to simultaneously achieve weight reduction and satisfactory crash safety in automobile bodies. When such a high tension steel sheet is manufactured, a technique for rapidly cooling the steel sheet is important. In such a cooling process, mist, which is a mixture of a gas and water, a gas such as hydrogen, or the like is generally used as a coolant for the steel sheet. At this time, there is a problem of shape defects such as warpage, wavelike deformation, and the like occurring in the steel sheet due to out-of-plane deformation. To date, various methods have been proposed to prevent such shape defects from occurring when quenching is performed on a steel sheet.
For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a method in which, by appropriately controlling the water flow density in mist sprayed onto a strip, the metal strip is subjected to mist cooling in a film boiling state without transition boiling being induced.
In addition, Patent Literature 2 discloses a method in which, in a cooling zone in a vertical continuous annealing furnace, in which a strip is continuously annealed while being vertically transported, a temperature variation in the width direction of the strip is inhibited from occurring due to, for example, water contained in mist, which is sprayed onto the strip, dripping down along the surface of the strip.
Moreover, Patent Literature 3 discloses a method in which a metal sheet being subjected to rapid-cooling quenching is restrained by using a pair of restraining rolls placed in a coolant in a region where the temperature of the metal sheet is in a range from (TMs+150) (° C.) to (TMf−150) (° C.), where the Ms temperature, at which martensite transformation starts, is defined as TMs (° C.) and the Mf temperature, at which martensite transformation finishes, is defined as TMf (° C.).
PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-178658
PTL 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-127060
PTL 3: Japanese Patent No. 6094722
However, from the results obtained by testing the methods according to Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2, it has been clarified that there is only a small effect of inhibiting shape defects in the case where only the water flow density is controlled or only the temperature variation in the width direction is inhibited.
In addition, from the results obtained by testing the method according to Patent Literature 3, it has been clarified that there is room for improvement, because, in the case of a method for cooling a steel sheet by dipping the steel sheet in a liquid, since a cooling rate is likely to vary due to the degree of rapid cooling being excessively high, the temperature of the steel sheet tends to vary when the steel sheet passes through the restraining rolls, which may result in a large variation in warpage quantity in the longitudinal direction.
The disclosed embodiments have been made to solve the problems described above, and an object of the disclosed embodiments is to provide a quenching apparatus and a quenching method for a metal sheet with which it is possible to inhibit shape defects from occurring in the metal sheet when quenching is performed and to provide a method for manufacturing a steel sheet.
The inventors diligently conducted investigations to solve the problems described above and, as a result, obtained the following knowledge. In a method for manufacturing a metal sheet, there is a case where microstructure control is performed by allowing martensite transformation to occur in the metal sheet when quenching is performed, and, in such a case, since volume swelling occurs in the microstructure due to the occurrence of martensite transformation, there may be a case where the metal sheet has a complex, non-uniform recessed and projected shape.
When a high tension steel sheet having a martensite microstructure is subjected to quenching, since the largest stress is applied to the steel sheet at a temperature almost within a temperature range from the Ms temperature to the Mf temperature, in which transformation swelling occurs along with thermal shrinkage, there is a deterioration in the shape of the steel sheet. In addition, in this case, the higher the degree of rapid cooling, the more likely the cooling rate is to vary. Therefore, by using mist for cooling so that the degree of rapid cooling is not excessively high, and by arranging restraining rolls, with which a metal sheet is restrained, in a region in which the temperature of the metal sheet is from the Ms temperature to the Mf temperature, it is possible to sufficiently decrease the warpage quantity. Here, the term “Ms temperature” denotes the temperature at which martensite transformation starts, and the term “Mf temperature” denotes the temperature at which martensite transformation finishes.
The disclosed embodiments have been made on the basis of the knowledge and the idea described above and has the following features.
[1] A quenching apparatus for a metal sheet, the apparatus being placed on an exit side of a soaking zone in a continuous annealing furnace, and the apparatus comprising: a cooling fluid-spray device having plural spray nozzles for spraying mist onto both surfaces of a continuously transported metal sheet; and at least one pair of restraining rolls for restraining the metal sheet on both surfaces thereof in a region from a cooling start point to a cooling finish point of the cooling fluid-spray device.
[2] The quenching apparatus for a metal sheet according to item [1], in which the plural spray nozzles are arranged so that the mist is sprayed onto the metal sheet across a whole temperature range from a martensite start temperature to a martensite finish temperature of the metal sheet.
[3] The quenching apparatus for a metal sheet according to item [1] or [2], further including a dewatering spray nozzle arranged on a downstream side of an exit of the cooling fluid-spray device.
[4] A quenching method for a metal sheet, the method comprising spraying mist onto both surfaces of a continuously transported metal sheet to cool the metal sheet while restraining the metal sheet on both surfaces thereof at least in a region in which a temperature of the metal sheet being cooled is from a martensite start temperature to a martensite finish temperature.
[5] The quenching method for a metal sheet according to item [4], in which a water flow density of the mist is 100 L/m2·min or more and 800 L/m2·min or less.
[6] A method for manufacturing a steel sheet, the method including continuously annealing a steel sheet and quenching the annealed steel sheet by using the quenching method for a metal sheet according to item [4] or [5] to manufacture one of a high strength cold rolled steel sheet, a galvanized steel sheet, an electrogalvanized steel sheet, and a galvannealed steel sheet.
According to the quenching apparatus and the quenching method for a metal sheet and the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to the disclosed embodiments, it is possible to effectively inhibit shape defects from occurring in the metal sheet when quenching is performed.
Hereafter, embodiments of the quenching apparatus and the quenching method for a metal sheet and the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to the disclosed embodiments will be specifically described with reference to the figures.
As illustrated in
Here, the term “mist” denotes atomized water or liquid and an aggregation of minute droplets having a droplet diameter of about 0.01 μm to several hundred μm suspended in a gas. In the present embodiment, by spraying a mixture of water and air, the mist described above is formed. As a result of air being sprayed onto the metal sheet, which is an object to be cooled, at the same time as the minute droplets of water adhere to the metal sheet, it is possible to achieve a sufficient cooling rate. In addition, since water and air reach the metal sheet in a mixture state, it is possible to moderate and stabilize a cooling rate compared with a case where only water is sprayed.
Here, in the case where the droplet diameter of the mist is less than 10 μm, since the droplets tends to be vaporized, there may be a case where it is not possible to achieve a sufficient cooling rate. In addition, in the case where the droplet diameter of the mist is more than 100 μm, since there is a case where water in a droplet state adheres to and remains on the metal sheet, cooling non-uniformity tends to occur. Therefore, it is preferable that the droplet diameter of the mist be 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less.
As the mist-spray nozzle 2, for example, a commercially available product such as a PSN slit nozzle produced by H. IKEUCHI Co., Ltd., Knife Jet KJIS (internal mixing-type) produced by KYORITSU GOKIN CO., LTD., or the like may be used.
In the case where the two-fluid nozzles are used as the mist-spray nozzles 2, as illustrated in
Here, in the case where the air-to-water volume ratio of the mist sprayed through the mist-spray nozzles 2 is less than 50, since there is a marked increase in the amount of water adhering to and remaining on the metal sheet 1 in the form of residues, cooling non-uniformity tends to occur. In addition, in the case where such an air-to-water volume ratio is more than 1000, since there is an excessive decrease in the droplet diameter of the mist, there may be a case where it is not possible to achieve a cooling rate necessary for achieving the properties which the metal sheet 1 is required to have. Therefore, it is preferable that the air-to-water volume ratio of the mist sprayed through the mist-spray nozzles 2 be 50 to 1000.
In the case of the quenching apparatus for a metal sheet according to the present embodiment, the mist-spray nozzles 2 are arranged in 80 rows at intervals of 200 mm in the transportation direction of the steel sheet (longitudinal direction of the steel sheet).
However, the arrangement of the mist-spray nozzles 2 is not limited to the example described above as long as the nozzles are arranged so that cooling non-uniformity does not occur in the width direction of the metal sheet 1. For example, as illustrated in
In addition, as illustrated in
In addition, the mist-spray nozzles 2 may be arranged in a zigzag manner, and the inclination angle of the mist-spray direction from the mist-spray nozzle 2 with respect to the metal sheet 1 or the spread angle of a cone-shaped spray may be adjusted in accordance with the width of the metal sheet 1, which is the object to be cooled, or the like.
Also in the case where plural nozzles are used in one set in which the nozzles are arranged in the width direction of the metal sheet 1 to achieve uniform cooling ability in the width direction of the metal sheet 1 as described above, it is preferable that such nozzle sets be arranged in such a manner that the interval I between the nozzle sets in the transportation direction of the steel sheet is 100 mm to 600 mm. This is because, in the case where the interval I between the nozzle sets in the transportation direction of the steel sheet is less than 100 mm, since the mist-spray regions of the nozzles interfere with each other, there may be a case where it is difficult to predict a cooling rate, and, in the case where the interval I between the nozzle sets in the transportation direction of the steel sheet is more than 600 mm, there may be a case where it is not possible to achieve a sufficient cooling rate.
Here, in the disclosed embodiments, it is important that the relation between the cooling ability of the cooling fluid-spray device (mist-spray nozzles 2) and the position of the restraining rolls 3 be controlled so that the metal sheet 1 is restrained by using the restraining rolls 3 in a temperature range in which the shape of the metal sheet 1 is most susceptible to being deteriorated. Therefore, in the quenching apparatus and the quenching method for a metal sheet according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the amount of the mist and the water temperature of the mist, which are adjusted to control the cooling ability, be set as described below.
First, in the case where quenching is performed by using a method in which mist 2a is sprayed from the plural mist-spray nozzles 2 onto the surface of the metal sheet 1, it is preferable that the water flow density of the mist 2a be 100 L/m2·min or more and 800 L/m2·min or less. This is because, in the case where the water flow density of the mist 2a is less than 100 L/m2·min, it is not possible to achieve satisfactory mechanical properties of the steel sheet, and, since there is an increase in the distance from the cooling start position to the position of the restraining roll, there is an increase in the size of the equipment. In addition, in the case where the water flow density of the mist 2a is more than 800 L/m2·min, since unstable cooling occurs due to a decrease in cooling time from the start of cooling to the arrival at the restraining roll, the shape of the steel sheet may be deteriorated to such an extent that it is not possible to correct the shape by using the restraining rolls.
In addition, it is more preferable that the water flow density of the mist 2a be 200 L/m2·min or more and 500 L/m2 min or less.
In addition, it is preferable that the temperature of the cooling water constituting the droplets of the mist 2a be higher than 0° C. and 60° C. or lower or particularly preferably 10° C. or higher and 50° C. or lower from the viewpoint of facility maintenance and achieving a sufficient cooling rate. This is because, in the case where the temperature is 0° C. or lower, facility damage may occur due to freezing, and, in the case where the temperature is higher than 60° C., since there is a decrease in cooling rate and there is an increase in the distance from the cooling start position to the position of the restraining roll, there is an increase in the size of the equipment.
In the case of a vertical mist cooling device, since water contained in the mist 2a flows down along the metal sheet 1 to cause a negative effect on the cooling of a lower part, it is preferable that measures be taken to prevent water from dripping, and, for example, it is possible to control such a situation by spraying the mist 2a and the gas 4a at an upward angle of about 30 degrees.
At this time, for the reasons described above, to arrange the restraining rolls practically and effectively in accordance with the cooling ability, it is preferable that the cooling rate of the metal sheet 1 be 50° C./sec or higher and 500° C./sec or lower. In the case where the cooling rate is lower than 50° C./sec, since there is an increase in the distance from the cooling start position to the position of the restraining roll, there is an increase in the size of the equipment. On the other hand, in the case where the cooling rate is higher than 500° C./sec, since unstable cooling occurs due to a decrease in cooling time from the start of cooling to the arrival at the restraining roll, the shape of the steel sheet may be deteriorated to such an extent that it is not possible to correct the shape by using the restraining rolls.
As described above, by using the mist 2a and by controlling the cooling rate to be within the preferable range, it is possible to improve the effect of shape correction due to the restraining rolls 3.
In the present embodiment, when quenching is performed by using a method in which the mist 2a is sprayed onto the surface of the metal sheet 1 through the plural mist-spray nozzles 2 to cool the metal sheet, the restraining rolls 3, which restrain the metal sheet 1, are arranged in a region in which the temperature of the metal sheet 1 is equal to or higher than the Ms temperature and equal to or lower than the Mf temperature. Here, the term “Ms temperature” denotes the temperature at which martensite transformation of the metal sheet 1 starts, and the term “Mf temperature” denotes the temperature at which martensite transformation of the metal sheet 1 finishes. Incidentally, it is possible to calculate the Ms temperature and the Mf temperature from the chemical composition of the metal sheet 1.
The restraining rolls 3 are pressed against the front and back surfaces of the metal sheet 1 to prevent deformation from occurring in the metal sheet 1 when quenching is performed. It is preferable that two rolls constituting one pair of the restraining rolls 3 be arranged with a distance between the central axes thereof in the transporting direction of the metal sheet 1. By arranging the restraining rolls 3 with a distance between the central axes thereof, since it is possible to increase the restraining force applied to the metal sheet 1, it is possible to increase the shape-correcting ability. For example, it is preferable that the restraining rolls 3 be arranged in the transporting direction with a distance of 40 mm or more and 150 mm or less or more preferably 80 mm or more and 100 mm or less between the central axes thereof.
In addition, it is preferable that the metal sheet 1 be pushed by the restraining rolls 3 so that the metal sheet 1 winds around the restraining rolls 3 when the metal sheet passes through the rolls. As a result of the metal sheet 1 being pushed by the restraining rolls 3, it is possible to increase the ability for correcting the shape of a steel sheet, and it is possible to prevent the restraining rolls 3 from rotating idly. It is preferable that the push-in amount applied by one restraining roll 3 be 0 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less or more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, where a case where the metal sheet 1 passes through in a straight line as illustrated in
For example, when the thickness multiplied by the threading speed is 1.5 (m/sec)·mm and the difference between the Ms temperature and the Mf temperature is 100° C., in the case where water quenching illustrated in
Therefore, by arranging plural restraining rolls 3 in the distance L (500 mm) from the position of the Ms temperature to the position of the Mf temperature, it is possible to restrain the metal sheet 1 in a temperature range from the Ms temperature to the Mf temperature with certainty, thereby performing shape correction with certainty. In addition, it is also easy to flexibly respond to a temporary change in restraining position due to a change in threading speed, thickness, or the like.
Here, in the case of the quenching apparatus and quenching method for a metal sheet according to the present embodiment illustrated in
Moreover, the mist 2a may be used across the whole length of the region in which it is necessary to cool the metal sheet 1 including a region in which the temperature of the metal sheet 1 is higher than the Ms temperature and a region in which the temperature of the metal sheet 1 is lower than the Mf temperature.
To prevent roll flaws from occurring in the metal sheet 1, it is preferable that the restraining rolls 3 be rotated in the circumferential direction by electric power.
Moreover, to adjust the ability for correcting the shape of the metal sheet 1, it is preferable that the restraining rolls 3 be openable and closable, that is, that the push-in amount of the metal sheet 1 be controllable, as needed.
It is sufficient that the restraining rolls 3 be made of a material which is excellent in terms of thermal conductivity and which has sufficient strength to resist a load placed on the rolls when the rolls are pressed onto the metal sheet 1. Examples of the material of the restraining rolls 3 include SUS304 or SUS310 prescribed in Japanese Industrial Standards JIS G 4304 “Hot-rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip”, ceramic, or the like.
Hereafter, with reference to
In the example in
In an example in which three or more of the restraining rolls are used, it is possible to achieve a higher ability for correcting the shape of a steel sheet when cooling is performed compared with the case where only two (one pair of) restraining rolls are used. In particular, even in the case where a high strength steel sheet, in which deformation tends to occur, is cooled, by using three or more of restraining rolls 3, it is possible to inhibit, with a higher degree of certainty, deformation such as warpage occurring in the steel sheet when cooling is performed. On the other hand, in the case where the number of the restraining rolls is excessively large, there is a problem regarding facility conditions or a problem of a decrease in the cooling ability of the spray device. Therefore, it is sufficient that the number of the restraining rolls be appropriately decided in consideration of such problems.
In addition, as in the case of the present embodiment, when cooling with the mist 2a and the restraining rolls 3 are simultaneously used, there may be a case where the mist 2a adheres to and remains on the restraining rolls 3 in the form of residues and the amount of such mist 2a varies in the width direction of the metal sheet 1 (that is, the axial direction of the restraining rolls 3). As a result, since cooling non-uniformity occurs, there may be a decrease in the effect of shape correction due to the restraining rolls 3. Therefore, to solve such a problem, a dewatering mechanism (not illustrated), with which droplets adhering to and remaining on the restraining rolls 3 in the form of residues are removed, may be placed in the vicinity of the restraining rolls 3. Specifically, as the examples of such a dewatering mechanism, a blade-like obstruction, a wiper, an air nozzle, or the like may be used.
As described above, since the disclosed embodiments are intended to reduce a complex, non-uniform recessed and projected shape caused by volume swelling occurring in a microstructure due to martensite transformation occurring when the steel sheet is rapidly cooled, it is preferable that the disclosed embodiments be used in a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet (high tension steel sheet).
More specifically, it is preferable that the disclosed embodiments be used to manufacture a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 580 MPa or higher. Although there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the tensile strength, it is sufficient that the tensile strength be, for example, 1600 MPa or less.
Examples of the high strength steel sheet (high tension steel sheet) described above include a high strength cold rolled steel sheet and steel sheets which are manufactured by performing surface treatment on such a high strength cold rolled steel sheet, that is, a galvanized steel sheet, an electrogalvanized steel sheet, a galvannealed steel sheet, and the like.
The specific examples of the chemical composition of the high strength steel sheet include a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.04% or more and 0.25% or less, Si: 0.01% or more and 2.50% or less, Mn: 0.80% or more and 3.70% or less, P: 0.001% or more and 0.090% or less, S: 0.0001% or more and 0.0050% or less, sol.Al: 0.005% or more and 0.065% or less, at least one of Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ni, Cu, and Ti: 0.5% or less each as needed, B and Sb: 0.01% or less each as needed, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities.
Incidentally, the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the examples in which a steel sheet is rapidly cooled, and the embodiments may be used for the quenching of metal sheets in general other than steel sheets.
A manufacturing test of a steel sheet was performed by using the quenching apparatus and the quenching method for a metal sheet and the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to the disclosed embodiments, and the effects were verified. Therefore, the results will be described.
By using the quenching apparatus for a metal sheet illustrated in
Here, the chemical composition of the high tension cold rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of a 1470 MPa class contained, by mass %, C: 0.20%, Si: 1.0%, Mn: 2.3%, P: 0.005%, and S: 0.002%.
Incidentally, the Ms temperature of such a high tension cold rolled steel sheet is 400° C., and the Mf temperature of such a steel sheet is 300° C. Therefore, as described above, since the temperature at the time of passing the restraining rolls may be set to be within a range from 400° C. to 300° C., the temperature at the time of passing the restraining rolls was set to be 350° C. as described above.
Here, the restraining rolls were arranged in the threading direction with a distance of 80 mm between the central axes thereof, and the push-in amount of the metal sheet 1 by each of the all the restraining rolls 3 was 0.5 mm.
By using the quenching apparatus illustrated in
As a comparative example, with the exception that the cooling apparatus according to Patent Literature 1 was used, the high tension cold rolled steel sheet described above was manufactured under the same conditions as in the case of the examples.
As a comparative example, with the exception that the cooling apparatus according to Patent Literature 2 was used, the high tension cold rolled steel sheet described above was manufactured under the same conditions as in the case of the examples.
As a comparative example, with the exception that the cooling apparatus according to Patent Literature 3 was used, the high tension cold rolled steel sheet described above was manufactured under the same conditions as in the case of the examples.
Then, in each of the cases (Examples 1 to 2, and Comparative examples 1 to 3), 10 samples were taken from the cooled steel sheet at intervals of 100 m in the longitudinal direction, and the warpage quantity of each of the 10 samples was investigated. Here,
The results of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in
In the case of Examples 1 to 2, the warpage quantities of the steel sheets were decreased to a range from 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm, that is, the warpage quantity was decreased to 10 mm or less across the whole length of each of the steel sheets. In contrast, in the case of Comparative examples 1 to 2, the warpage quantities of the steel sheets were distributed in a range of 10.0 mm to 14.0 mm, that is, the effect of inhibiting deformation was insufficient across the whole length of each of the steel sheets. In addition, in the case of Comparative example 3, the warpage quantity of the steel sheet was distributed in a range of 4.0 mm to 14.0 mm, that is, the warpage quantity was not decreased to 10 mm or less across the whole length of the steel sheet.
From the results described above, the effectiveness of the quenching apparatus and the quenching method for a metal sheet and the method for manufacturing a steel sheet according to the disclosed embodiments was clarified.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-012721 | Jan 2021 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/039666 | 10/27/2021 | WO |
