Patent Application
20180010499
The present invention relates to a dedicated device capable of purifying exhaust gas discharged from a marine engine automatically, quickly and effectively.
Freighters, on which a great many tons of cargo is carried frequently, sailing between countries day and night, form undoubtedly one kind of marine pollution sources.
Pollution generated from ships sailing in the ocean includes exhaust emissions, ship sewage, garbage, ballast water, hull paint resistant to sea life and so on. In terms of exhaust emissions, propulsion engines and generators for the operation of ships will discharge exhaust gas due to the combustion of fuel. The marine fuel is mainly heavy oil, and the combustion products include CO2, NOX, SOX and soot (particulate matter, PM). CO2 is a key cause of global warming, NOX and SOX a prime culprit forming acid rain, and therefore, they need to be constrained. Taking an ore carrying vessel of deadweight of twenty thousand tons at a sailing speed of 15 knots as an example, the daily fuel consumption is even up to 65 tons approximately; 1 tonne of heavy oil combustion will produce 3.11 tonnes of CO2, and therefore, the CO2 emissions from the vessel are as much as 202 tonnes per day!
According to the statistics, international shipping generates 8.4 tonnes of CO2 emissions approximately every year, which is equal to 3% of the total quantity of the CO2 emissions in the whole world, and they are being increased substantially with the increase in international trade. In order to control the CO2 emissions of international shipping, on July 11 to 15, 2011, at the 62nd session of IMO's Marine Environment Protection Committee, amendments to MARPOL 73/78 Convention Annex VI was adopted to determine two mandatory energy efficiency standards for ship, i.e. “new ship Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)” and “ship energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP)”. The convention stipulates that from 2013, all 400 gross tonnage or more new ships must reduce carbon emissions by 10%, further reduce them by 10% from 2020 to 2024, and must reach the aim of 30% thereof after 2024. As for the existing ships, they must establish an energy efficiency management plan, in which guidelines should be clearly listed to control energy efficiency.
In order to control NOx emissions, in October, 2008, IMO amended MARPOL Annex VI, stipulating that the NOX emission standard for marine diesel engine is divided into three phases. As for marine diesel engines made after January, 2016 and operated in non-emission control areas are applicable to the provision of the second phase. It must be noted that the NOX emission must be reduced by about 20% from the first to second phase, and by 80% by the third phase!
In order to control SOX, the revised MARPOL Annex VI 2008 stipulates that the fuel sulfur content of ships built before January, 2012 cannot be more than 3.5% and the fuel sulfur content of ships built after January, 2020 0.5%. The fuel sulfur content is more limited if ships sail in emission control areas: the fuel sulfur content of ships built before March, 2010 cannot be more than 1.5% and the fuel sulfur content of ships built after January, 2012 1.0%. In addition, the fuel sulfur content of ships built after January, 2015 cannot be more than 0.1%.
In view of the foregoing for increasingly stringent emission controls to international shipping vessels, it is necessary to provide a device for the effective and rapid purification of exhaust emissions from ships.
The object of the present invention is to provide a quick purification device for smoke and exhaust gas discharged from a marine engine, preventing toxic exhaust gas from being discharged to contaminate the environment while heavy oil is burnt in an engine.
To achieve the object mentioned above, the present invention proposes a quick purification device for smoke and exhaust gas discharged from a marine engine, characterized in that it includes a vertical communicating tube, a necked portion, first flared portion, second flared portion and exhaust tail tube are formed on the top end of the communicating tube in sequence from bottom to top, and a plurality of straight-through ceramic filters are configured between the first and second flared portions; a waste water diversion pipe is connected to the lower end of the communicating tube; an air inlet is in communication with the communicating tube, being connected to the exhaust outlet of a marine engine; a first exhaust gas flushing device, second exhaust gas flushing device and third exhaust gas flushing device are configured inside the communicating tube in sequence; the first, second and third exhaust gas flushing devices can spray fluid toward the inside of the communicating tube. Whereby, smoke and exhaust gas discharged from a marine engine can be intercepted and flushed by fluid sprayed from the water gas flushing devices at different phases in the process of discharging through the communicating pipe and exhaust tail pipe, and carbon particles accumulated in the ceramic filters can be flushed down simultaneously by the fluid sprayed from the waste gas flushing devices positioned above so as to reduce the pollution to the environment upon the sailing of a ship. Finally, the flushed waste water is discharged to a waste water processing equipment of the ship through the waste water diversion pipe.
The technical means of the present invention includes: a communicating tube, an axial direction thereof being vertically arranged, a necked portion, first flared portion, second flared portion and exhaust tail tube being formed on a top end of the communicating tube in sequence from bottom to top, the second flared portion being configured in such a way as to be inverted with respect to the first flared portion, a plurality of straight-through ceramic filters being configured between the first and second flared portions, a waste water diversion pipe being connected to a lower end of the communicating tube, and the exhaust tail pipe having an exhaust vent facing upward; an air inlet pipe, in communication with the communicating tube between the necked portion and waste water diversion pipe; a first exhaust gas flushing device, configured on an inner circumference of the communicating tube between the necked portion and air inlet, capable of spraying fluid toward an inside of the communicating tube; a second exhaust gas flushing device, configured on an inner circumference of the communicating tube above the second flared portion, capable of spraying fluid toward an inside of the communicating tube; and a third exhaust gas flushing device, configured on an inner circumference of the communicating above the second waste gas flushing device, capable of spraying fluid toward an inside of the communicating tube.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both ends of the largest diameter of the first and second flared portions respectively face toward the straight-through ceramic filters, allowing the waste gas passing through the necked portion can be speeded to pass through the straight-through ceramic filters, and then to be gathered up to pass through the second and third water gas flushing devices.
In a preferred embodiment, the first waste gas flushing device includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles arranged around the inner circumference of the communication tube, and an orifice of each one thereof faces toward the center of the communicating tube.
In a preferred embodiment, the second waste gas flushing device includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles arranged around the inner circumference of the communication tube, and an orifice of each one thereof faces toward the center of the communicating tube.
In a preferred embodiment, the third waste gas flushing device includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles arranged around the inner circumference of the communication tube, and an orifice of each one thereof faces toward the center of the communicating tube.
In a preferred embodiment, a mesh screen is configured on the end of the largest diameter of the first flared portion, and the straight-through ceramic filters are supported thereby.
Advantageously, according to the present invention, a pump may pump an inexhaustible supply of liquid (seawater) to each atomizing nozzle, and the pumped fluid is sprayed therefrom to carry out a multi-phase flushing to waste gas to flush out contaminants in the process of discharging waste gas, thereby reducing pollution to the environment upon the sailing of a ship.
Referring to
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment, a multi-hole mesh screen 16 is configured on the upper end of the first flared portion 14, allowing the straight-through ceramic filters 2 to be supported by the mesh screen 16 but not to affect the flowing smoothness of air flow.
In the embodiment, the communicating tube 12 between the necked portion 13 and air inlet 1 is configured with a first exhaust gas flushing device 3A, which includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles 31 arranged around the inner circumference of the communicating tube 12, the orifice of each of which is directed toward the center of the communicating tube 12, where the first exhaust gas flushing device 3A, through piping, is connected to a pump (not shown in the figure) capable of pumping fluid (seawater) to each atomizing nozzle 31, allowing it to spray the pumped fluid (seawater) into the inside of the communicating tube 12.
In the embodiment, the communicating tube 12 on the upper end of the second flared portion 15 is configured with a second exhaust gas flushing device 3B, which includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles 31 arranged around the inner circumference of the communicating tube 12, the orifice of each of which is directed toward the center of the communicating tube 12, where the second exhaust gas flushing device 3B, through piping, is similarly connected to a pump (not shown in the figure) capable of pumping fluid (seawater) to each atomizing nozzle 31, allowing it to spray the pumped fluid (seawater) into the inside of the communicating tube 12.
Furthermore, in the embodiment, the exhaust outlet 17 above the second exhaust gas flushing device 3B is configured with a third exhaust gas flushing device 3C, which includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles 31 arranged around the inner circumference of the exhaust tail pipe 17, the orifice of each of which is directed toward the center of the exhaust tail pipe 17, where the third exhaust gas flushing device 3B, through piping, is similarly connected to a pump (not shown in the figure) capable of pumping fluid (seawater) to each atomizing nozzle 31, allowing it to spray the pumped fluid (seawater) into the inside of the exhaust tail pipe 17.
The operation manner of the quick purification device for smoke and exhaust gas discharged from a marine engine of the present invention is connecting air inlet pipe 1 to the exhaust outlet of a marine engine. Upon the sailing of a ship, highly heated exhaust gas will flow upward (hollow arrows as shown in the figure) after entering the communicating tube 12 from the air inlet 1. At the same time, each atomizing nozzle 31 of the first exhaust flushing device 3A sprays fluid (sea water) to carry out primary flushing to the exhaust gas, and the flushed exhaust water drops downward (solid arrows as shown in the figure) and is discharged from the exhaust diversion tube 121. Thereafter, the primarily flushed exhaust gas flow upward continuously to pass through the necked portion 13 and first flared portion 14 to be speeded to pass through the straight-through ceramic filters 2 and second flared portion 15. And then, the exhaust gas passes through the second, third exhaust gas flushing devices 3B, 3C in sequence, and at the same time, the atomizing nozzles 31 thereof also spray fluid (seawater) to carry out second and third flushing processes to the exhaust gas to flush out contaminants; the flushed exhaust water will drop downward, and the dropped exhaust water will flush down carbon particles accumulated inside the straight-through ceramic filters 2 while passing through them, allowing the contaminants to be discharged out with the exhaust water through the communicating tube 12 and water gas diversion tube 121. As a result, the exhaust gas passing through the second, third exhaust gas flushing devices 3B, 3C can then be purified, and the purified exhaust gas flows upward continuously, being discharged out from the exhaust vent 171 of the exhaust tail pipe 17.
