Patent Application
20090146865
The present invention relates to a radar apparatus to be mounted in a movable body, and more particularly to a radar apparatus, which is mounted in a vehicle and detects an obstacle in the vicinity of the vehicle.
Development of radar apparatuses which detect an obstacle (hereinafter, referred to as a target) in the vicinity of a vehicle by transmitting and receiving a radar wave and notify a driver of presence of the target has been advanced. As one of the radar apparatuses, a pulse-system radar apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as a pulse radar apparatus) is known. A radar apparatus to be mounted in the vehicle is installed in a position which is not directly visible from the outside, e.g., behind a bumper. Further, depending on a detection range, a plurality of radar apparatuses are installed.
For example, the pulse radar apparatus generates a pulse signal for modulation by using a pulse generator, emits a modulation pulse modulated by a high frequency wave toward outside the vehicle via a transmitting antenna, receives by a receiving antenna a reflected wave which is reflected by the target, toward which the modulation pulse is emitted, and is returned from the target, and amplifies and demodulates a received signal, thereby outputting a baseband reception signal. Thus, by determining the time lag between a baseband transmission signal and the baseband reception signal, a distance to the target is calculated.
The pulse radar apparatus also needs to detect not only the target being present in a place distant from the vehicle but also an object adjacent to the vehicle. For example, the target at such a short distance that a received pulse returns in a shorter time period than pulse duration of a transmitted pulse may not be detected due to influence of a radar beam which travels directly from the transmitting antenna of the pulse radar apparatus to the receiving antenna thereof and due to influence of coupling caused in a circuit between a transmitting section and a receiving section (hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as a ‘spillover wave’).
The spillover wave will be described in detail with reference to
In the meantime,
As a method for detecting a target at an extremely short distance without having influence of a signal from the spillover wave, proposed is a pulse radar apparatus utilizing a change of a reception signal, which occurs when a phase difference between a transmitted/received spillover signal and a reflected signal from a mobile target is varied (For example, see patent document 1).
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-222669
However, in the case where the radar apparatus is actually mounted in the vehicle, how to calculate the baseband reception signal, i.e., a reference signal is a major problem when there is no target in the vicinity of the vehicle as shown in
As means to solve this, it is conceivable that, for example, in a assembly process of a vehicle in a factory of an automaker, after the pulse radar apparatus is mounted in the vehicle, the vehicle is placed in a location where there is no target in the vicinity of the vehicle, a transmission signal is transmitted there, and the baseband reception signal at the time is retained as the reference signal. However, in this means, the assembly process becomes complex and involves a high cost. In addition, characteristics of apparatuses constituting the radar apparatus are significantly changed due to the temperature or other environments as the vehicle travels. Therefore, the reference signal retained in the assembly process may be considered as a guide but not considered as an accurate reference signal in an actual traveling of the vehicle.
Further, in the method disclosed in patent document 1, in the case where a relative velocity between the radar apparatus and the target is zero, the target is not detected.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a radar apparatus capable of constantly obtaining an accurate reference signal and highly accurately detecting a target.
In order to attain the above-described object, the present invention adopts the following configuration. More specifically, an aspect of the present invention is a radar apparatus which is mounted in a movable body and detects a target in the vicinity of the movable body. The radar apparatus comprises a transmitting section, a receiving section, a velocity acquisition section, a reference signal acquisition section, and a signal processing section. The transmitting section transmits a radar beam into which a transmission signal is modulated by a predetermined frequency. The receiving section receives a reception signal generated by demodulating, by the predetermined frequency, the radar beam which is transmitted from the transmitting section and is reflected by a target. The velocity acquisition section obtains a velocity of the movable body. The reference signal acquisition section obtains the reception signal as a reference signal in the case where the velocity obtained by the velocity acquisition section is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The signal processing section detects the target by using the reception signal and the reference signal.
Thus, when the velocity of the movable body is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, it may be determined that there is no target at least in the vicinity of the movable body, where the distance from the target is short. Therefore, by retaining, as the reference signal, the reception signal in the case where the velocity of the movable body is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, it becomes possible to obtain an accurate reference signal.
Further, it is preferable that the radar apparatus further comprises a non-travel signal acquisition section for obtaining a non-travel signal in the case where the velocity obtained by the velocity acquisition section is substantially zero, and when the radar apparatus is terminated and then restarted, the reference signal acquisition section determines whether or not to update the reference signal at the time of restart, by using the reception signal received at the time of restart, the non-travel signal, and the reference signal which has been obtained and stored by the reference signal acquisition section of the radar apparatus.
Further, it is preferable that the non-travel signal acquisition section obtains, as the non-travel signal, the difference between the reception signal received by the receiving section and the reference signal, and the reference signal acquisition section compares, with a predetermined threshold value, an absolute value of the difference between the non-travel signal and a signal calculated by the difference between the reception signal received at the time of restart of the radar apparatus and an initial value of the reference signal, and when the absolute value is greater than the predetermined threshold value, the reference signal acquisition section sets the reference signal at the time of restart to a difference value between the reception signal received at the time of restart and the non-travel signal, and when the absolute value is equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold value, the reference signal acquisition section sets the reference signal at the time of restart to a default value of the reference signal.
Thus, when it takes a long time from termination of the radar apparatus until restart thereof, an environmental change in temperature or the like occurs during the time period, and therefore it is highly likely that the reference signal retained before the radar apparatus is terminated becomes low in reliability. However, when a change does not occur around the target present in the vicinity of the movable body between a time point of the termination and a time point of the restart, the obtained non-travel signal is a correct value. Therefore, by updating the reference signal using the non-travel signal, a highly accurate radar operation is realized even immediately after the radar apparatus is started.
Further, it is preferable that in the case where the velocity obtained by the velocity acquisition section is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the reference signal acquisition section obtains, as the reference signal, an average of a plurality of the latest reception signals among a plurality of the reception signals received by the receiving section.
Further, it is preferable that the radar apparatus performs transmission and reception through a shielding member, which is placed so as to be distant from the radar apparatus by a predetermined distance or more.
Further it is preferable that the radar apparatus is set to have an incident angle, which is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value, of the radar beam on the shielding member.
Further it is preferable that the distance from the radar apparatus to the shielding member is determined based on a detection range in which an obstacle in the vicinity of the movable body is detected.
Further it is preferable that the incident angle of the radar beam on the shielding member is determined based on the detection range in which the obstacle in the vicinity of the movable body is detected.
According to the radar apparatus of the present invention, since an accurate reference signal is obtained, it is possible to highly accurately detect a target.
With reference to
The transmitting section 201 generates and emits a radar beam toward outside the vehicle. The transmitting section 201 includes a pulse generator 206, a transmit mixer 207, a transmitting power amplifier 208, a transmitting antenna 209, a splitter 210, and an oscillator 211.
First, in the transmitting section 201, a pulse signal for modulation is generated as a baseband transmission signal by the pulse generator 206. In the meantime, a high-frequency continuous wave generated by the oscillator 211 is inputted to the splitter 210 and is divided into a wave for transmission and a wave for reception.
Next, the pulse signal for modulation and the high-frequency continuous wave are inputted to the transmit mixer 207, and a high-frequency pulse signal is generated by multiplication operation. After amplified by the transmitting power amplifier 208, the high-frequency pulse signal is further amplified by the transmitting antenna 209 and is emitted as a radar beam into the air. The transmitting section 201 generates and emits the radar beam by repeating the above-described operation periodically.
The receiving section 202 receives a portion of the radar beam, which is emitted from the transmitting antenna 209, illuminates the target, and is reflected by the target. The receiving section 202 includes the splitter 210, the oscillator 211, a receiving antenna 212, a receive LNA (low noise amplifier) 213, and a receive mixer 214.
When there is any sort of target ahead of the emitted radar beam, the emitted radar beam illuminates the target and the portion of the illuminating radar beam is reflected, thereby returning to the pulse radar apparatus 200 again. After received and amplified by the receiving antenna 212, the reflected radar beam is further amplified by the receive LNA 213.
A signal further amplified by the receive LNA 213 is inputted to the receive mixer 214 along with the high-frequency continuous wave, which is generated by the oscillator 211 and is divided by the splitter 210. The receive mixer 214 outputs a baseband reception signal by the multiplication operation in the same manner as in the transmit mixer 207.
The signal processing section 203 determines whether or not there is a target by calculating the difference in amplitude between the baseband reception signal and a reference signal described below, which is stored in advance in the reference signal acquisition section 205. Further, the signal processing section 203 calculates the distance to the target by calculating a time difference between the baseband transmission signal and the baseband reception signal.
The velocity acquisition section 204 obtains a vehicle velocity. For example, the vehicle velocity may be calculated by using a signal from a wheel speed sensor installed in the vehicle, or may be calculated by detecting an accelerated velocity of the vehicle by using a signal from an accelerated velocity sensor and performing time integration on the detected accelerated velocity of the vehicle.
The reference signal acquisition section 205 obtains the reference signal. Here, the reference signal is the baseband reception signal which is received by the receiving section 202 in the case where there is no target in the vicinity of the vehicle. Specifically, the reference signal acquisition section 205 retains, as the reference signal, the baseband reception signal generated by the receiving section 202 in the case where the vehicle velocity, which is obtained by the velocity acquisition section 204, is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. This is because in the case where the vehicle velocity is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, it is determined that there is no target at least in the vicinity of the movable body, where the distance from the target is short.
In the case of normal driving, since the probability of satisfying the above-described condition is significantly high, it is possible to constantly retain the latest reference signal, and thus it is possible to follow a characteristic change of an apparatus in the radar apparatus due to a change of the temperature and other environments. Therefore, an accurate reference signal is constantly obtainable.
Here, with reference to
First, the pulse radar apparatus to be used is activated with the bumper placed in front thereof, and a time waveform of the baseband reception signal is observed by an oscilloscope or the like.
Although the distance corresponding to the boundary at which the difference between the amplitude of the baseband reception signal received by the receiving section 202 and the saturation level in the case of having a target in the vicinity of the surface of the bumper is zero has been represented by d, it is preferable, in consideration of a resolution performance of a wave detector which is not shown, that such a distance that the difference between the amplitude of the baseband reception signal and the saturation level is equivalent to a minimum resolution performance of the wave detector is represented by d.
When the predetermined distance d is set, the pulse radar apparatus to be used is activated with the bumper placed in front thereof. However, without the bumper placed, the time waveform of the baseband reception signal may be observed by the oscilloscope or the like, and when the difference between the amplitude of the baseband reception signal and the saturation level is equivalent to the sum of the amplitude of the baseband reception signal of the reflected wave from the bumper and the minimum resolution performance of the wave detector, the distance from the pulse radar apparatus may be set as the predetermined distance d. In other words, when the bumper is placed in front, since the amplitude of the reflected wave from the bumper is added, the target extremely close to the bumper is detectable in the case where the amplitude of the baseband reception signal has not reached the saturation level yet with the amplitude of the reflected wave from the bumper added and the difference between the amplitude of the baseband reception signal and the saturation level is equal to or greater than the minimum resolution performance of the wave detector.
In the case where a target is detected by the signal processing section 203, the amplitude of the baseband reception signal, which is obtained when it is evident that there is no target, as shown by the dashed line in
In general, in the case where the radar beam illuminates a dielectric material such as the bumper, as the incident angle becomes larger (assume that a position at which the radar beam orthogonally illuminates the bumper or the like is at zero degrees), the component of energy of the radar beam which passes through the dielectric material becomes smaller while the component of the energy of the radar beam reflected by the dielectric material becomes larger. In the case where the pulse radar apparatus is installed so as to be distant from the bumper as shown in the present embodiment, the incident angle of the radar beam on the bumper becomes relatively small, in comparison to the case where the pulse radar apparatus is installed extremely close to the bumper. Therefore, the component of the energy of the radar beam which passes through the bumper becomes relatively large, and particularly in the vicinity of the bumper, a broader area can be subject to detection. Thus, it is preferable that the pulse radar apparatus is installed in such a position that the incident angle of the radar beam on the bumper is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value. Based on a detection range in which the target in the vicinity of the vehicle is detected, the distance from the pulse radar apparatus to the bumper may be determined. The incident angle may be adjusted by forming the bumper so as to have a curved surface, or the like.
When the pulse radar apparatus is installed so as to be distant from the bumper by the predetermined distance d, the target present in a place extremely close to the bumper is even reliably detectable, without having a shielding plate and a complex circuit configuration as well as without suppressing a power of a transmission wave. Thus, for example, without controlling the power of the transmission wave, and without decreasing a maximum detection distance, the target in close contact with the bumper of the vehicle can also be detected, thereby contributing to a decrease of an accident.
Next, with reference to
In step S301, the signal processing section 205 initializes an amplitude Vref of the reference signal by the initial amplitude Vinit while setting a count variable n (n is an integral number equal to or greater than one) to one. For example, the initial amplitude Vinit is a typical value of the amplitude of the baseband reception signal, which is obtained when there is no target, in the case where a radar operation is performed for the first time after the pulse radar apparatus is mounted in the vehicle. When the radar operation is the second time or more, in step S309 described below, the initial amplitude Vinit is a value of a reference signal Vref(n), which is updated by equation (1) described below.
Next, in step S302, the velocity acquisition section 204 obtains a vehicle velocity SP by using the wheel speed sensor installed in the vehicle. In the following step S303, it is determined whether or not the vehicle velocity SP obtained in step S302 is equal to or greater than a vehicle velocity threshold value SPth. As a result of the determination, when the vehicle velocity SP is equal to or greater than a predetermined vehicle velocity threshold value SPth (Yes in step S303), the processing proceeds to step S304. On the other hand, when the vehicle velocity SP is smaller than the predetermined vehicle velocity threshold value SPth (No in step S303), the processing proceeds to step S308. In the following step S304, the amplitude Vr of the baseband reception signal for the count variable n is detected. In the following step S305, the reference signal Vref (n) for the count variable n is updated in accordance with the following equation (1).
V
ref(n)=((n−1)×Vref+Vr)/n (1)
The above-described vehicle velocity threshold value SPth is preferably calculated, for example, by the following equation (2).
SP
th[km/h]=max(4×Rmax,30) (2)
In the above equation (2), Rmax[m] is a maximum detection distance of the pulse radar apparatus, and max (A, B) is a function in which a larger value between arbitrary numeric values A and B is an output. A value indicated by 4×Rmax is set based on a free running distance (here, free running time is one second) of the vehicle at the vehicle velocity. For example, in the case where the maximum detection distance Rmax is 10 m, according to the above equation (2), the vehicle velocity threshold value SPth is 40 km/h. In other words, when the vehicle is traveling at 40 km/h, it is likely that there is no obstacle ahead at least within the free running distance (in this case approximately 11 m). Under such circumstances, since there is no influence of the target, a received reception signal Vr can be used for calculating the reference signal. According to the above equation (2), no matter how short the maximum detection distance Rmax is, the vehicle velocity threshold value SPth is 30 km/h. In the case where the vehicle velocity is small, for example, at the time of traveling in a traffic jam or the like (e.g., equal to or less than 30 km/h), it is likely that there is a target such as a forward vehicle in an area within the maximum detection distance Rmax. Under the circumstances, since there is the influence of the target, when the received reception signal Vr is used for calculating the reference signal, accuracy of the reference signal is deteriorated.
When the count variable n is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value nth (Yes in step S306) in the following step S306, the processing proceeds to step S307. On the other hand, when the count variable n is greater than the predetermined threshold value nth (No in step S306), the processing proceeds to step S308. In step S307, the count variable n is incremented by one.
When the radar operation is terminated (Yes in step S308) in step S308, the processing proceeds to step S309. On the other hand, when the radar operation is not terminated (No in step S308), the processing returns to step S302 and continues. In step S309, the value of the reference signal Vref (n), which is updated by the above equation (1), is assigned to the initial amplitude Vinit, and the resultant value is considered as an initial value for calculating the reference signal Vref(n) next time the radar operation is performed, and the processing shown in
The reason why, as in step S305, the reference signal Vref(n) is calculated by using the count variable n is to cause the reference signal Vref(n) to gradually converge on a correct value. Thus, even if the amplitude of the baseband reception signal has an abnormal value by any possibility, it is possible to minimize the influence thereof. Further, by steps S306 and S307, the count variable n is prevented from being equal to or greater than a certain value. This is because that when the count variable n is excessively large, the value of the amplitude Vr of the latest baseband reception signal is scarcely reflected in the value of the reference signal Vref(n) updated in step S305, and thus the characteristic change of the apparatus in the pulse radar apparatus due to the temperature or the like cannot be followed.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the vehicle velocity is equal to or greater than the predetermined velocity, it is determined that there is no target at least in the vicinity of the movable body, where the distance from the target is short, and the accurate reference signal is constantly obtained by using as the reference signal the baseband reception signal in that case. Therefore, it becomes possible to highly accurately detect the target in the vicinity of the vehicle.
As in the present embodiment, in the case where the pulse radar apparatus is installed so as to be distant from the bumper by the predetermined distance, the emitted radar beam may travel back and forth between the pulse radar apparatus and the bumper twice or more, and may be received as a so-called multiple reflection signal. In this case, there is a problem in that the pulse radar apparatus erroneously detects the received multiple reflection signal as a target, which in reality does not exist, in the vicinity of the vehicle. However, by using the reference signal obtained by the above-mentioned reference signal acquisition section 205, it becomes possible to more accurately distinguish between the multiple reflection signal from the bumper and the signal from a target in the vicinity of the vehicle. Thus, it becomes possible to reduce an erroneous detection.
In the present embodiment, although the radar apparatus is positioned as shown in
Next, a pulse radar apparatus according to a second embodiment will be described. The radar apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention is, as in the case of the first embodiment, a pulse radar apparatus which is mounted in a vehicle.
A pulse radar apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment further comprises a non-travel signal acquisition section 402 in addition to the pulse radar apparatus 200 according to the first embodiment. The transmitting section 201, the receiving section 202, the signal processing section 203, and the velocity acquisition section 204 are identical to those of the pulse radar apparatus 200 according to the first embodiment, and thus detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
The non-travel signal acquisition section 402 obtains and retains, as a non-travel signal, the difference between the latest baseband reception signal that is obtained when the vehicle velocity obtained by the velocity acquisition section 204 is substantially zero and the reference signal obtained by the reference signal acquisition section 401. Even after the pulse radar apparatus 400 is terminated along with termination of a vehicle engine, the non-travel signal is stored in an internal memory or the like, which is not shown in the figure.
In the same manner as the reference signal acquisition section 205 according to the first embodiment, the reference signal acquisition section 401 retains, as the reference signal, the baseband reception signal obtained in the case where the vehicle velocity obtained by the velocity acquisition section 204 is equal to or more than the predetermined velocity, and further has a distinguishing feature that the following operation is performed.
In other words, the feature is that in the case where the pulse radar apparatus 400 restarts along with restart of the vehicle engine, the reference signal is corrected by using an absolute value of the difference between a signal, which is calculated by using the amplitude (Vr) of the baseband reception signal received by the receiving section 202 and using the initial amplitude (Vinit) (corresponding to an initial value of the reference signal according to the present invention) of the reference signal, which has been stored (updated in step S309 of
For example, when it takes a long time from parking of the vehicle until restarting thereof, an environmental change in temperature or the like occurs, and therefore it is highly likely that the reference signal retained before the parking becomes low in reliability. However, when a change does not occur around the target present in the vicinity of the vehicle between a time point at which an operation of the pulse radar apparatus is terminated along with the parking of the vehicle and a time point at which the operation of the pulse radar apparatus is restarted, the obtained non-travel signal is a correct value. Thus, by correcting the reference signal using the non-travel signal, a highly accurate radar operation is realized even immediately after the radar apparatus is started.
With reference to
In step S501, the amplitude Vstp of the non-travel signal is initialized and also the count variable n is set to one. Next, in step S502, the velocity acquisition section 204 obtains the vehicle velocity SP by using the wheel speed sensor installed in the vehicle, or the like. In the following step S503, it is determined whether or not the vehicle velocity SP obtained in step S502 is 0 (zero). As a result of the determination, when the vehicle velocity SP is 0 (zero) (Yes in step S503), the processing proceeds to step S504. On the other hand, when the vehicle velocity SP is not 0 (zero) (No in step S503), the processing proceeds to step S509. In step S509, after the amplitude Vstp of the non-travel signal is initialized, the processing proceeds to step S508.
In the meantime, in step S504, the amplitude Vr of the baseband reception signal for the count variable n is detected. In the following step S505, an amplitude Vstp(n) of the non-travel signal is updated in accordance with the following equation (3).
V
stp(n)=((n−1)×Vstp+(Vr−Vref))/n (3)
In the following step S506, when the count variable n is equal to or smaller than the predetermined threshold value nth (Yes in step S506), the processing proceeds to step S507. On the other hand, when the count variable n exceeds the predetermined threshold value nth (No in step S506), the processing proceeds to step S508. In step S507, the count variable n is incremented by one.
In step S508, when the radar operation is terminated (Yes in step S508), the processing of
Next, with reference to
In step S601, the velocity acquisition section 204 detects the vehicle velocity SP by using the wheel speed sensor mounted in the vehicle, or the like. In step S602, it is determined whether or not the vehicle velocity SP obtained in step S601 is 0 (zero). As a result of the determination, when the vehicle velocity SP is 0 (zero) (Yes in step S602), the processing proceeds to step S603. On the other hand, when the vehicle velocity SP is not 0 (zero) (No in step S602), the processing proceeds to step S607. In step S607, since it is determined that the vehicle has moved immediately after the pulse radar apparatus 400 has been started, correction by using the amplitude Vstp of the non-travel signal cannot be performed, and therefore the initial amplitude Vinit, whether reliability of which is high or low is uncertain, is adopted as the reference signal as it is.
In the meantime, in step S603, the amplitude Vr of the baseband reception signal for the count variable n is detected. In the following step S604, by using the following equation (4), the reliability of the initial amplitude Vinit of the reference signal updated in step S309 of
|Vstp−(Vr−Vinit)|>ERRth (4)
In the above equation (4), it is determined whether or not an absolute value of the difference between the amplitude Vstp (an updated value in step S505 of
As described above, by correcting the reference signal using the non-travel signal retained before the previous parking of the vehicle, even in the case where the environmental change in temperature or the like occurs during a time period from parking until restarting, the highly accurate radar operation is realized immediately after the radar apparatus is started.
The radar apparatus according to the present invention is capable of obtaining an accurate reference signal, and thus is capable of highly accurately detecting a target. Therefore, the radar apparatus is not limited to the pulse radar apparatus, which is mounted in the vehicle, as described in the present embodiments, and is applicable to a radar apparatus of a non-pulse system, or the like.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-294816 | Oct 2005 | JP | national |
| 2005-294817 | Oct 2005 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/320122 | 10/6/2006 | WO | 00 | 3/26/2008 |
