Patent Application
20140118184
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-239295 filed on Oct. 30, 2012. The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-239295 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a radar device and a velocity calculation method with which Doppler velocity can be calculated more accurately.
2. Background Information
A radar device for detecting the velocity of a target, such as rain or clouds, transmits a plurality of pulse signals and calculates the velocity from the amount of phase rotation of an echo signal reflected by the target. This radar device is only able to calculate a velocity at which the Doppler frequency is less than the pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and if the target velocity is high, the Doppler frequency between pulses may exceed the PRF, which is the observation limit. When this happens, so-called “folding” occurs, in which the calculated velocity is observed as being lower than the actual velocity, and this makes it impossible to calculate the velocity accurately.
To regard to this, Non-Patent Literature 1 (H. Adachi and Y. Sato, “Doppler Weather Radar,” Toshiba Review, Vol. 55, No. 5 (2000), pp. 27-30) has disclosed a method with which the actual velocity can be calculated even if folding occurs. With this method, pulse signals are alternately transmitted at two pulse repetition frequencies. The number of folds is determined from the difference in velocity obtained at the two pulse repetition frequencies, and the corrected velocity is calculated based on this number of folds.
As discussed above, a velocity close to the actual velocity can be calculated by performing folding correction based on the number of folds, but it would be desirable to be able to calculate velocities at higher accuracy. In view of this, it is an object of the present invention to provide a radar device and a velocity calculation method with which velocity can be calculated more accurately.
(1) To solve the above problem, the radar device pertaining to an aspect of the present invention comprises a transmitter, a first velocity calculator, a second velocity calculator, a first velocity corrector, and a second velocity corrector. The transmitter is configured to transmit pulse signals at two or more different pulse repetition frequencies. The first velocity calculator is configured to calculate a first Doppler velocity based on a first received signal received as a reflected wave of the pulse signals transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. The second velocity calculator is configured to calculate a second Doppler velocity based on a second received signal received as a reflected wave of the pulse signals transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency. The first velocity corrector is configured to calculate a first corrected Doppler velocity by folding correction of the first Doppler velocity based on a velocity difference between the first Doppler velocity and the second Doppler velocity. The second velocity corrector is configured to calculate a second corrected Doppler velocity by folding correction of the second Doppler velocity based on the velocity difference.
(2) Preferably, the radar device further comprises an average velocity calculator that is configured to calculate an average velocity based on the first corrected Doppler velocity and the second corrected Doppler velocity.
(3) Preferably, the transmitter is further configured to transmit the pulse signals at two different pulse repetition frequencies.
(4) Preferably, the transmitter is further configured to alternately transmit the pulse signals that are transmitted at the first pulse repetition frequency and the pulse signals that are transmitted at the second pulse repetition frequency.
(5) Preferably, at least one of the first velocity calculator and the second velocity calculator is configured to calculate corresponding one of the first Doppler velocity and the second Doppler velocity by pulse-pair method.
(6) To solve the above problem, the radar device pertaining to another aspect of the present invention comprises a transmitter, a first phase difference calculator, a second phase difference calculator, a first velocity corrector, and a second velocity corrector. The transmitter is configured to transmit pulse signals at two or more different pulse repetition frequencies. The first phase difference calculator is configured to calculate a first phase difference between first received signals received as a reflected wave of the pulse signals transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. The second phase difference calculator is configured to calculate a second phase difference between second received signals received as a reflected wave of the pulse signals transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency. The first velocity corrector is configured to calculate a first corrected Doppler velocity based on the first phase difference and a phase rotation number determined based on a difference between the first phase difference and the second phase difference. The second velocity corrector is configured to calculate a second corrected Doppler velocity based on the second phase difference and the phase rotation number.
(7) To solve the above problem, the Doppler velocity calculation method pertaining to an aspect of the present invention includes the following steps (a) to (e). Step (a) involves transmitting pulse signals at two or more different pulse repetition frequencies. Step (b) involves calculating a first Doppler velocity based on a first received signal received as a reflected wave of the pulse signals transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. Step (c) involves calculating a second Doppler velocity based on a second received signal received as a reflected wave of the pulse signals transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency. Step (d) involves calculating a first corrected Doppler velocity by folding correction of the first Doppler velocity based on a velocity difference between the first Doppler velocity and the second Doppler velocity. Step (e) involves calculating a second corrected Doppler velocity by folding correction of the second Doppler velocity based on the velocity difference.
The present invention provides a radar device and a velocity calculation method with which velocity can be calculated more accurately.
Referring now to the attached drawings which form a part of this original disclosure:
A preferred embodiment will now be explained with reference to the drawings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the following descriptions of the embodiment are provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
The radar device and velocity calculation method pertaining to the present invention will now be described through reference to the drawings. A watercraft equipped with a radar device will hereinafter be referred to as a “host vessel.”
Antenna Unit 2
The antenna unit 2 comprises an antenna 21, a transmission and reception switch 22, a transmitter 23, a receiver 24, and a local oscillator 25.
The antenna 21 transmits pulsed radio waves having directionality, and is configured so as to receive received signals including reflected waves (echo signals) from a target. The radar device 1 can ascertain the distance to a target by measuring how long it takes to receive an echo signal after a pulsed radio wave is sent by the antenna 21. The antenna 21 is also configured so as to be capable of rotating 360 degrees in the horizontal plane, and is configured so as to repeatedly send and receive radio waves while varying the transmission direction of the pulsed radio waves. The orientation of a target is found from the orientation of the antenna 21 when the corresponding transmission signal is sent out. The above configuration allows targets to be detected for 360 degrees around the plane surrounding the host vessel.
The transmission and reception switch 22 switches to a connection by which a transmission signal is sent from the transmitter 23 to the antenna 21 during transmission. During reception, the transmission and reception switch 22 switches to a connection by which an echo received by the antenna 21 is sent from the antenna 21 to the receiver 24.
The transmitter 23 has a signal production component 231 and a first frequency converter 232. The signal production component 231 produces pulse signals and outputs them to the first frequency converter 232 so that pulse signals will be sent at two different pulse repetition frequencies. More precisely, the signal production component 231 alternately produces a pulse signal that is sent at a first pulse repetition frequency (PRF1) and a pulse signal that is sent at a second pulse repetition frequency (PRF2).
The first frequency converter 232 converts the frequency by mixing the pulse signal outputted from the signal production component 231 with the local signal outputted from the local oscillator 25, and outputs the result to the antenna 21 via the transmission and reception switch 22. The frequency band of the output signal of the first frequency converter 232 is the 3 GHz band or the 9 GHz band, for example.
The receiver 24 has a second frequency converter 241, an A/D converter 242, and a quadrature detector 243. The second frequency converter 241 converts the received signal outputted from the antenna 21 via the transmission and reception switch 22 into an intermediate frequency by mixing with the local signal outputted from the local oscillator 25, and outputs this result to the A/D converter 242.
The A/D converter 242 converts the analog received signal outputted from the second frequency converter 241 into a digital received signal, and outputs it to the quadrature detector 243.
The quadrature detector 243 subjects the received signal outputted from the A/D converter 242 to quadrature detection, and thereby produces an I (In-phase) signal and a Q (Quadrature) signal that differs in phase from the I signal by π/2. Here, the I signal is the real number part of a complex envelope signal of the received signal, while the Q signal is the imaginary number part of a complex envelope signal of the received signal. A complex envelope signal will hereinafter be called a complex received signal. The amplitude of this complex received signal is expressed by (I2+Q2)1/2, and the phase of the complex received signal is expressed by tan−1(Q/I). The I signal and Q signal produced as above are outputted to the Doppler velocity calculation device 3.
Doppler Velocity Calculation Device
The first and second velocity calculators 31a and 31b calculate Doppler velocity based on the I and Q signals outputted from the quadrature detector 243. More precisely, the first velocity calculator 31a calculates a first Doppler velocity by using a pulse-pair method based on a first complex received signal obtained from a pulse signal transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. More specifically, as shown in
V
d1=λθ/(4πT) (1)
Here, λ is the wavelength of the pulse signal, and T is the repetition frequency of the pulse signal.
The second velocity calculator 31b calculates a second Doppler velocity Vd2 by the same method as the above-mentioned first velocity calculator 31a based on a second complex received signal obtained from a pulse signal sent at a second pulse repetition frequency. The second velocity calculator 31b outputs the calculated second Doppler velocity Vd2 to the velocity difference calculator 32 and the second velocity corrector 33b. The first Doppler velocity Vd1 calculated by the first velocity calculator 31a and the second Doppler velocity Vd2 calculated by the second velocity calculator 31b are uncorrected Doppler velocities, and not the Doppler velocity ultimately outputted by the radar device 1.
The velocity difference calculator 32 calculates the velocity difference ΔV between the first Doppler velocity Vd1 outputted from the first velocity calculator 31a and the second Doppler velocity Vd2 outputted from the second velocity calculator 31b. In this embodiment, the velocity difference calculator 32 calculates the velocity difference ΔV as the remainder (Vd1−Vd2) of subtracting the second Doppler velocity Vd2 from the first Doppler velocity Vd1. The velocity difference calculator 32 outputs the calculated velocity difference ΔV to the first velocity corrector 33a and the second velocity corrector 33b.
The first velocity corrector 33a performs folding correction on the first Doppler velocity Vd1 outputted from the first velocity calculator 31a based on the velocity difference ΔV outputted from the velocity difference calculator 32, and thereby calculates a first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1. Specifically, the first velocity corrector 33a determines a folding number n1 of the first Doppler velocity Vd1 based on the velocity difference ΔV, and uses this folding number n1 to correct the first Doppler velocity Vd1 and calculate the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1. The first velocity corrector 33a outputs the calculated first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 to the average velocity calculator 34.
More precisely, the first velocity corrector 33a refers to a graph of the relation between the measured Doppler velocity and the true Doppler velocity (shown in
When the folding number n1 is determined, the first velocity corrector 33a calculates the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 based on the following formula (2).
V
r1
=V
d1+2n1·Vn1 (2)
Here, Vn1 is the highest Doppler velocity that can be calculated by the first velocity calculator 31a, that is, the Nyquist velocity at the first pulse repetition frequency, and is expressed by the following formula (3).
V
n1
=λ·f
1/4 (3)
Here, f1 is the first pulse repetition frequency.
The second velocity corrector 33b calculates the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 by performing folding correction on the second Doppler velocity Vd2 outputted from the second velocity calculator 31b based on the velocity difference ΔV outputted from the velocity difference calculator 32. Specifically, the second velocity corrector 33b determines the folding number n2 of the second Doppler velocity Vd2 based on the velocity difference ΔV, and uses this folding number n2 to correct the second Doppler velocity Vd2 and calculate the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2. The second velocity corrector 33b outputs the calculated second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 to the average velocity calculator 34.
More precisely, the second velocity corrector 33b calculates the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 in the same manner as with the first velocity corrector 33a discussed above. The second velocity corrector 33b calculates the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 based on the following formula (4).
V
r2
=V
d2+2n2·Vn2 (4)
Here, Vn2 is the highest Doppler velocity that can be calculated by the second velocity calculator 31b, that is, the Nyquist velocity at the second pulse repetition frequency, and is expressed by the following formula (5).
V
n2
=λ·f
2/4 (5)
Here, f2 is the second pulse repetition frequency.
A few examples of the method for determining the folding number from the velocity difference ΔV will now be described in specific terms through reference to
Thus, the first velocity corrector 33a determines the corresponding folding number n1 based on the magnitude of the velocity difference ΔV and whether it is positive or negative. Similarly, the second velocity corrector 33b also determines the corresponding folding number n2 based on the magnitude of the velocity difference ΔV and whether it is positive or negative.
The average velocity calculator 34 calculates the average for the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 outputted from the first velocity corrector 33a and the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 outputted from the second velocity corrector 33b, as an average velocity Vave. More specifically, the average velocity calculator 34 calculates the average velocity Vave from the following formula (6). The average velocity calculator 34 outputs the calculated average velocity Vave to the display device 4.
V
ave=(Vr1+Vr2)/2 (6)
Display Device
The display device 4 displays the average velocity Vave outputted from the average velocity calculator 34.
Velocity Calculation Method
The method for calculating the Doppler velocity of a target using the radar device 1 configured as above will be described through reference to
As shown in
More precisely, the first velocity calculator 31a calculates the first Doppler velocity Vd1 by using a pulse-pair method based on a first complex received signal obtained from a pulse signal transmitted at a first pulse repetition frequency. Similarly, the second velocity calculator 31b calculates the second Doppler velocity Vd2 by using a pulse-pair method based on a second complex received signal obtained from a pulse signal transmitted at a second pulse repetition frequency. The first Doppler velocity Vd1 and second Doppler velocity Vd2 thus calculated are outputted to the velocity difference calculator 32, the first velocity corrector 33a, and the second velocity corrector 33b.
Then, the velocity difference calculator 32 calculates the velocity difference ΔV from the difference of the first Doppler velocity Vd1 and the second Doppler velocity Vd2 (step S2). More specifically, the velocity difference calculator 32 calculates the velocity difference ΔV by subtracting the second Doppler velocity Vd2 from the first Doppler velocity Vd1 (that is, calculating Vd1−Vd2). The velocity difference calculator 32 outputs the calculated velocity difference ΔV to the first velocity corrector 33a and the second velocity corrector 33b.
Then, the first velocity corrector 33a calculates the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 by subjecting the first Doppler velocity Vd1 to folding correction, and the second velocity corrector 33b calculates the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 by subjecting the second Doppler velocity Vd2 to folding correction (step S3).
More precisely, the first velocity corrector 33a refers to the graph in
Then, the average velocity calculator 34 calculates the average velocity Vave based on the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 and the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 (step S4). More specifically, the average velocity calculator 34 calculates the average velocity Vave by calculating (Vr1+Vr2)/2.
With the radar device 1 pertaining to the embodiment described above, not only can the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 be calculated, but also the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2. Since the amount of data about Doppler velocity that is outputted is therefore twice the amount in the past, Doppler velocity can be calculated at higher accuracy.
An embodiment of the present invention was described above, but the present invention is not limited to or by this embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the gist of the invention.
(1) For example, in the above embodiment, the first velocity calculator 31a and the second velocity calculator 31b calculated the first and second Doppler velocities Vd1 and Vd2, respectively, by pulse-pair method, but the method for calculating the first and second Doppler velocities is not limited to this. For instance, the first and second velocity calculators 31a and 31b can calculate the Doppler velocities Vd1 and Vd2 by the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) method. With the FFT method, the first velocity calculator 31a converts a first complex received signal into a frequency domain by Fourier transform processing, and the peak of this frequency spectrum is read to calculate the first Doppler velocity Vd1. The second velocity calculator 31b calculates the second Doppler velocity Vd2 by subjecting a second complex received signal to the same processing.
(2) Also, in the above embodiment, the velocity difference calculator 32 calculated the velocity difference ΔV by subtracting the second Doppler velocity Vd2 from the first Doppler velocity Vd1, but this is not the only option. For example, the velocity difference calculator 32 can calculate the velocity difference ΔV by subtracting the first Doppler velocity Vd1 from the second Doppler velocity Vd2. In this case, the positive and negative are reversed for the velocity difference ΔV in the graph in
(3) Also, in the above embodiment, the radar device 1 finally outputted the average velocity Vave calculated by the average velocity calculator 34, but this is not the only option. For example, the radar device 1 can finally output the first and second corrected Doppler velocities Vr1 and Vr2 even if it is not equipped with the average velocity calculator 34.
(4) Also, in the above embodiment, the first and second velocity calculators 31a and 31b calculated the first and second Doppler velocities Vd1 and Vd2, but the configuration can also be such that the first and second Doppler velocities Vd1 and Vd2 are not calculated, as follows.
The first phase difference calculator 35a calculates a first phase difference θd1 by the same method as the first velocity calculator 31a in the above embodiment, based on a first complex received signal. The second phase difference calculator 35b similarly calculates a second phase difference θd2 based on a second complex received signal. The first phase difference θd1 and second phase difference θd2 are outputted to the phase-difference difference calculator 36, the first velocity corrector 37a, and the second velocity corrector 37b.
The phase-difference difference calculator 36 calculates a phase-difference difference Δθ, which is the difference between the first phase difference θd1 and the second phase difference θd2. More specifically, the phase-difference difference calculator 36 calculates the phase-difference difference Δθ by subtracting the second phase difference θd2 from the first phase difference θ1, and outputs this phase-difference difference Δθ to the first velocity corrector 37a and the second velocity corrector 37b.
The first velocity corrector 37a refers to a graph of the relation between the measured phase difference and the true phase difference (as shown in
θr1=θd1+2n1·θn1 (7)
Here, θn1 is the greatest phase difference that can be calculated by the first phase difference calculator 35a. The first velocity corrector 37a then calculates the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 by pulse-pair method (that is, the following formula (8)) based on the calculated first corrected phase difference θn1.
V
r1=λθr1/(4πT) (8)
Similarly, the second velocity corrector 37b determines a second phase rotation number n2, which is the phase rotation number of the second complex received signal, calculates a second corrected phase difference θr2, which is the true phase difference, and calculates the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2 by pulse-pair method.
The average velocity calculator 38 calculates the average velocity Vave between the first corrected Doppler velocity Vr1 and the second corrected Doppler velocity Vr2. More specifically, the average velocity calculator 38 calculates (Vr1+Vr2)/2, and outputs this as the average Vave.
The present invention will now be described in more specific terms by giving a working examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to or by these examples.
In the working example, the same radar device 1 as in the above embodiment was used, and the Doppler velocity was outputted from the average velocity calculator 34. The Doppler velocity outputted in the working example corresponds to the average velocity Vave in the above embodiment.
As shown in
As shown in
The Doppler velocity of three vessels 1 to 3 were calculated at nine points in the working example and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the average Doppler velocity, the standard deviation, and the variance for the nine points thus calculated are shown in Table 1. The first pulse repetition frequency was 2000 Hz, and the second pulse repetition frequency was 1600 Hz. It can be seen from Table 1 that there is less variance in the working example than in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and that the Doppler velocity can be calculated more accurately.
In understanding the scope of the present invention, the term “comprising” and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but do not exclude the presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups, integers and/or steps. The foregoing also applies to words having similar meanings such as the terms, “including”, “having” and their derivatives. Also, the terms “part,” “section,” “portion,” “member” or “element” when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of a single part or a plurality of parts.
While only a preferred embodiment has been chosen to illustrate the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Furthermore, the foregoing descriptions of the embodiment according to the present invention are provided for illustration only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-239295 | Oct 2012 | JP | national |
