Patent Application
20130216393
This application claims priority to French application No. FR 1251542, filed Feb. 21, 2012, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by this reference.
The invention relates to rotors with compression blades or impellers, intended for the mechanical compression of a gas and relates more particularly to the fastening of the impellers to a rotary shaft of a compressor.
A compressor impeller conventionally comprises a hub by which the rotor is fastened to the compressor shaft and a basic rim, from which the blades extend radially, and which is connected to the hub.
Usually, a compressor impeller is hot shrink-fitted onto the rotary shaft of the compressor. The tightening is then calculated to be sufficient in all situations in order to absorb, at full speed, all the forces applied to the rotor whether they be aerodynamic, due to the thrust, or to the transmitted torque.
It is known practice to provide mechanical arrangements using flexible mechanical systems by dint of their shape and their thickness notably with respect to the hubs in order to absorb the forces applied to the rotor but, in all cases, the basic rim supporting the blades of the rotor is rigidly fastened to the deformable hub.
In view of the foregoing, the proposal is to alleviate the drawbacks of the impellers according to the prior art by proposing an impeller comprising a basic rim that is free to be deformed radially relative to the hub.
According to one aspect, an impeller is proposed that is designed to be mounted on a rotary shaft comprising a basic rim provided with blades protruding on one face of the basic rim, and an annular hub capable of being coupled to the basic rim and to the rotary shaft.
According to a general feature, the impeller comprises an annular plate and the hub, the plate and the basic rim are configured to interact together so as to hold the basic rim axially and maintain a freedom of radial deformation of the basic rim relative to the hub and to the plate.
The mechanical fastening parts, consisting of the plate and the hub, and the basic rim can therefore have considerable differential expansions. Specifically, since the hub and the plate are assembled to the basic rim so as to maintain a freedom of radial deformation of the basic rim relative to the hub and to the plate, the basic. rim can expand radially independently of the expansion of the hub and the plate, that is to say that the expansion of the basic rim can be different from the expansion of the plate and the hub. It is therefore possible to use different materials between the basic rim and the mechanical fastening parts. It is notably possible to use high-performance materials for the basic rim which cannot usually be shrink-fitted to the shaft, while the fastening parts, that is to say the hub and the plate, are made of materials that can be shrink-fitted to the rotary shaft.
Preferably, the basic rim comprises a circular key on its inner perimeter capable of interacting with a first notch made in the hub and a second notch made in the plate, the first and the second notch being placed opposite one another so that the circular key of the basic rim is held in the notches when the hub, the plate and the basic rim are assembled.
The circular key, the first notch and the second notch have dimensions such that, on the one hand, the circular key is held axially without freedom of axial movement and thus to centre the basic rim axially, and, so that, on the other hand, the circular key can move radially in a space defined by the notches notably when the basic rim expands. For this, the radial dimensions of the first and second notches preferably have larger dimensions than the radial dimensions of the circular key, and the axial dimensions of the circular key are equal to the axial space defined by the first and the second notch when the hub and the plate are assembled.
Advantageously, the circular key may comprise two outer O-rings respectively placed on either side of the basic rim on the outer radial surface of the circular key, and two inner O-rings respectively placed on either side of the basic rim on the inner radial surface of the circular key.
The two inner O-rings make it possible to provide a radial centring of the basic rim when cold, that is to say while the impeller is stationary, by virtue of its inner diameter. The two outer O-rings make it possible to maintain the centring of the basic rim when the impeller is made to rotate causing an expansion of the basic rim that is greater than the expansion of the fastening parts, that is to say the plate and the hub. The radial centring is maintained by virtue of the natural deformation of the inner and outer O-rings when the rotary shaft builds up speed of rotation. At full rotation speed, the centring of the basic rim is maintained by virtue of the outer diameter of the circular key.
Instead of two inner O-rings placed on either side of the basic rim on the inner surface of the circular key, the circular key may comprise a single inner O-ring placed on the inner surface of the circular key in a centred manner. However, the use of two inner O-rings allows better balancing.
The impeller may advantageously comprise radial guiding means capable of limiting the friction between the basic rim and the hub, and between the basic rim and the plate during the radial deformation of the basic rim.
The friction between the basic rim and the hub may cause damage to the mechanical fastening parts and/or to the basic rim. Specifically, the friction may cause cracks to appear in the basic rim and/or in the plate and/or the hub.
Preferably, the radial guiding means comprise, on each of the axial faces of the basic rim, at least one circular groove placed in the circular key, the circular grooves each comprising an O-ring or a rolling means.
The circular key therefore comprises at least one groove facing the first notch made in the hub and at least one groove facing the second notch made in the plate. The rolling means, such as balls, rolls, or rollers for example, or the O-rings are inserted into the circular grooves and have dimensions such that, on the axial faces of the basic rim, the circular key is not directly in contact with the plate on one side and with the hub on the other side.
In a variant, the second notch made in the plate comprises an oblique outer radial contact surface, the outer radial surface of the key comprises a matching oblique portion opposite the oblique outer radial contact surface of the plate, and the plate is assembled to the hub so as to be able to be deformed and to separate from the hub over a distal portion during the radial deformation of the basic rim.
Thus, when the basic rim expands radially relative to the hub with the increase in the rotation speed, the circular key exerts a radial force on the plate and notably on the oblique outer radial contact surface. The force thus applied by the circular key on the oblique outer radial contact surface causes, by virtue of the flexibility of the plate and notably of its distal portion, the plate to separate from the hub and hence to increase the space between the two notches. The bearing point between the outer radial surface of the circular key and the oblique outer radial contact surface of the plate then moves making possible at the same time the radial expansion of the rim and the application of a retaining axial force by the distal portion of the plate on the circular key towards the hub, which makes it possible to maintain the centring of the basic rim.
Advantageously, the plate may comprise centring means and the hub may comprise matching centring means capable of interacting with the centring means.
The centring means and the matching centring means thus make it possible to assemble the hub and the plate in a radially centred manner, that is to say relative to the rotation axis of the impeller, and thus to obtain a uniform axial retaining force applied to the basic rim that allows the axial centring of the basic rim.
The centring means may advantageously comprise a centring ring fastened to the plate and comprising a tooth gear facing the hub, and the matching centring means comprise a matching centring ring fastened to the hub and comprising a matching tooth gear facing the plate capable of interacting with the tooth gear of the centring ring.
The centring ring and the matching centring ring may correspond to an axial gear pair such as a tooth gear of the Hirth® type.
In a variant, the centring means may comprise a conical, protruding proximal portion of the plate facing the hub and having as its axis the rotary shaft, and the matching centring means comprise, in the hub, a conical recess facing the plate having the rotary shaft as its axis, the conical protruding portion and the conical recess being capable of interacting during the assembly of the plate to the hub.
If the hub is shrink-fitted or incorporated into the rotary shaft and the plate remains free relative to the rotary shaft, the transmission of the torque between the shaft and the plate may be achieved by friction between the conical protruding portion of the plate and the conical recess of the hub, or else by the use of a pin or of a key between the hub and the plate.
Advantageously, the hub may be placed on a first shaft portion and the plate may be placed on a second shaft portion, the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion being secured by fastening means so as to secure the hub and the plate.
The first shaft portion may therefore comprise a threaded orifice along the rotation axis of the shaft on the end-fitting facing the second shaft portion, and the second shaft portion may comprise, on the end-fitting facing the first shaft portion, a screw of which the thread matches the thread of the orifice in the first shaft portion.
In order to secure the plate and the hub pair, the impeller may also comprise a bolted fastening flange capable of securing the plate to the hub. The fastening flange may for example pass through the plate and be threaded in the hub so as to fix a screw in the hub through the plate, with the screw head pressing on a face of the plate.
Preferably, the impeller comprises an end-piece coupled to the basic rim via the blades, the end-piece and the basic rim having an identical weight.
The equal weights of the end-piece and the basic rim make it possible to obtain a virtually symmetrical centrifugal force on either side of the connection with the blades. The stresses in the basic rim are therefore reduced and this promotes the virtually radial deformation of the basic rim that is locked only axially onto the shaft by virtue of the plate and the hub.
The hub may be shrink-fitted or incorporated over at least a portion of the rotary shaft of the compressor.
The plate may also be shrink-fitted or incorporated over at least a portion of the rotary shaft of the compressor.
According to another aspect, in one embodiment, a motor-compressor unit is proposed comprising a motor, a compressor and a common casing sealed against the gas to be compressed in which the motor and the compressor are installed, the compressor comprising at least one impeller as defined above.
Other advantages and features of the invention will become evident on examination of the detailed description of embodiments that are in no way limiting, and of the appended drawings in which:
a and 2b represent respectively an exploded view and an assembled view of an impeller according to a first embodiment;
a and 4b represent an impeller according to a third embodiment;
It will be noted however that the application illustrated in
The motor-compressor unit illustrated in
The motor-compressor unit in this instance comprises a single compression stage consisting of the radial impellers 4 which draw in a gas delivered from an inlet duct 5 in order to cause an increase in its pressure and deliver it at the outlet 5′.
In the exemplary embodiment shown, the rotor 2 is supported by two end bearings 6 and 7. This is also the case for the rotary shaft 3 which is also supported by two end bearings 8 and 9. Therefore, according to this arrangement, the rotor 2 and the rotary shaft 3 are connected via a flexible coupling 10. The rotor and the rotary shaft could equally be connected via a fixed coupling. In this case, one of the bearings, such as 7 and 8, could be omitted.
Finally, the assembly, i.e. the motor 1 and the compression stage, is placed in a common casing 11 sealed against the gas handled by the compressor. In other words, the motor 1 is in this instance at the suction pressure of the motor-compressor unit.
a and 2b show respectively an exploded view and an assembled view of a first example of impellers, according to one embodiment of the invention that can be installed in the compressor unit of
The impeller 4 comprises three distinct portions: a basic rim 12, a hub 13, a plate 14.
The basic rim 12 comprises a distal portion 12a and a proximal portion 12b relative to its rotation axis indistinguishable from the rotation axis of the rotary shaft 3. The basic rim 12 extends in a plane orthogonal to its rotation axis and comprises a first face 12f and an opposite face 12o. The basic rim 12 comprises, mainly on its distal portion 12a, blades 15 protruding on the first face 12f of the basic rim 12 facing an end-piece 16.
The end-piece 16 comprises a distal portion 16a and a proximal portion 16b relative to its rotation axis indistinguishable from the rotation axis of the rotary shaft 3. The distal portion 16a of the end-piece 16 is placed parallel to the distal portion 12a of the basic rim 12 and is coupled to the blades 15 on a face 16f facing the basic rim 12.
The end-piece 16 and the basic rim 12 have a similar weight so as to obtain a centrifugal Force that is virtually symmetrical on either side of the connection with the blades 15. The stresses in the basic rim 12 are therefore reduced and a virtually radial deformation of the basic rim 12 is thus promoted.
The basic rim 12 comprises, on its proximal portion 12b, a circular key 17. The circular key 17 is notably placed along the inner perimeter of the basic rim 12. The circular key 17 comprises, in this example, a section of generally square shape.
The hub 13 has an annular shape of which the rotation axis is indistinguishable from the axis of the rotary shaft 3. The hub 13 has a bearing face 13f orthogonal to the axis of the rotary shaft 3 and designed to be facing the plate 14, a distal portion 13a and a proximal portion 13b relative to its rotation axis.
The plate 14 also has an annular shape of which the rotation axis is indistinguishable from the axis of the rotary shaft 3. The plate comprises a bearing face 14f orthogonal to the axis of the rotary shaft 3 and designed to be facing the hub 13, a distal portion 14a and a proximal portion 14b relative to its rotation axis.
The hub 13 comprises, on the distal portion 13a of its bearing face 13f, a first notch 18 capable of receiving in part the circular key 17. The plate comprises, on the distal portion 14a of its bearing face 14f, a second notch 19 capable of receiving in part the circular key 17. The first notch 18 and the second notch 19 are made so as to be facing one another with identical dimensions so that the second notch 19 is symmetrical with the first notch 18 relative to the axis defined by the bearing faces 13f and 14f when the hub and the plate are in contact.
It is possible for notches 18 and 19 not to be symmetrical relative to the circular key 17 so long as the junction between the circular key 17 and the rest of the basic rim 12 is centred relative to the basic rim 12. The notches 18 and 19 may therefore comprise matching shapes so as to axially retain the circular key 17 and to define a passage for the junction between the circular key 17 and the rest of the basic rim 12, the junction being centred relative to the circular key 17 and the rest of the basic rim 12.
In this embodiment, the notches 18 and 19 have dimensions so as to retain the circular key 17 axially, that is to say to be resting with the circular key 17 in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the basic rim 12.
The circular key 17 may comprise a section with a shape different from the square shape, such as for example a hexagonal, octagonal shape or any other shape capable of interacting with the first and second notches 18 and 19.
On the other hand, the radial dimensions of the notches 18 and 19 are greater than the dimension of the circular key 17 in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the basic rim 12. This is so as to maintain a freedom of radial movement of the circular key 17 notably when the basic rim 12 is deformed with the speed of rotation.
The radial centring when cold of the basic rim 12, that is to say when the impeller 4 is stationary or at low speed, is achieved by virtue of the inner diameter of the circular key 17, while the centring of the basic rim 12 at full speed is achieved by virtue of the outer diameter of the circular key, after the basic rim has expanded.
The circular key 17 comprises an inner radial surface 17i oriented towards the rotation axis of the basic rim and an outer radial surface 17e opposite to the inner radial surface 17i. The circular key 17 comprises, on its outer radial surface 17e, two outer O-rings 20. The two outer O-rings 20 are respectively placed on either side of the basic rim 12, that is to say one on the side of the first face 12f of the basic rim 12 and the other on the opposite side 12o.
In the same way, the circular key 17 comprises, on its inner radial surface 17i, two inner O-rings 21 respectively placed on either side of the basic rim 12, that is to say symmetrically on either side of the plane in which the basic rim 12 extends.
Thus, on start-up, the basic rim 12 is centred radially by virtue of the inner diameter of the circular key 17. In rotation, the basic rim 12 can be deformed more rapidly than the hub 13 and the plate 14 which constitute the fastening elements, this can be done with light retaining stresses due to the friction forces in the radial guiding between the circular key 17 and the hub, on the one hand, and between the circular key 17 and the plate 14, on the other hand. In this transitory phase, the centring is maintained by virtue of the two outer O-rings 20 and of the two inner O-rings 21 deforming naturally. When the operating speed is achieved, the maximum radial inflation of the basic rim 12 is achieved, the plate and the hub are configured to allow the basic rim to be centred by virtue of the outer diameter of the circular key 17.
When the speed reduces, the basic rim 12 reproduces the opposite deformation until it is again centred at low speed.
The hub 13 is incorporated into a first shaft portion 4a and the plate 14 is incorporated into a second shaft portion 3b. The hub 13 and the plate 14 could also be shrink-fitted respectively onto the first and the second shaft portions 3a and 3b. The assembly of the hub 13 with the plate 14 is carried out by screwing of the second shaft portion 3b into the first shaft portion 3a, the first shaft portion 3a comprising a threaded orifice along its rotation axis on an end-fitting facing the second shaft portion 3b, and the second shaft portion 3b comprising an end-fitting facing the first shaft portion 3a having a screw pitch matching the threading of the orifice in the first shaft portion 3a.
As a variant, it would also be possible to use a bolted fastening flange in order to secure the plate to the hub, as will be described with reference to
The centring of the hub 13 with the plate 14 is carried out with the aid of an axial gear pair, for example with the aid of a Hirth® tooth gear system. The plate 14 comprises a centring ring 22a fastened to the bearing face 14f of the plate 14. The hub 13 comprises a matching centring ring 22b fixed to the bearing face 13f of the hub 13. When the hub 13 and the plate 14 are assembled, the centring ring 21a interacts with the matching centring ring 21 b for the radial centring, and thus making the first and second notches 18 and 19 match radially.
In this embodiment, the circular key 17′ comprises radial guiding means making it possible to prevent the friction between the circular key 17′ and the hub 13 on the one hand, and between the circular key 17′ and the plate 14 on the other hand. The radial guiding means, comprise, on the first face 12f and the opposite face 12o of the basic rim 12 at least one circular groove 23 placed in the circular key 17′. Each circular groove 23 comprises rolling balls 24 making it possible to separate the circular key 17′ from the hub 13 on the one hand, and the circular key 17′from the plate 14 on the other hand.
This embodiment also differs from that shown in
The impeller 4 illustrated in
In order to centre the plate 14 and the hub 13, the plate 14 comprises a protruding portion 29 on its proximal portion 14b. The protruding portion extends towards the hub 13 with a conical shape with a decreasing section. The hub 13 comprises a matching recess 13 made in its proximal portion 13b with a conical shape capable of interacting with the protruding portion 29 of the plate 14.
With such centring means, it would be possible for the impeller 4 to comprise no bolted fastening flange 24, the transmission of the torque between the hub 13 and the plate 14 being able to be carried out by friction between the protruding portion 29 and the surfaces of the hub 13 delimiting the recess 30, or else by fitting a pin or a key between the hub 13 and the plate 14.
a and 4b show a third example of an impeller 4 according to one embodiment of the invention. The elements bearing the same references as in
In this embodiment, the second notch 19 made in the plate 14 comprises an oblique outer radial contact surface 31 so as to form an obtuse angle with the face of the notch 32 facing the hub 13.
Correspondingly, the outer radial surface 17″e of the circular key 17″ comprises an oblique portion facing and parallel to the oblique outer radial contact surface 31 of the plate 14. As a variant, the circular key 17″ may comprise a section of hexagonal shape, one of the faces of the circular key 17″ being parallel to and facing the outer radial contact surface 17″e.
The plate 14 is secured to the hub 13 with the aid of a fastening flange 24″. The fastening flange 24″ is mounted on the plate 14 in the proximal portion 14b so that the plate 14 can be deformed and separate from the hub 13 over a distal portion 14a during the radial deformation of the basic rim 12.
In one embodiment, it would also be possible to provide another oblique surface made in the hub, in the location of the angle formed by the notch 18 and an oblique matching surface 31 in radial contact in the circular key 17″ (
As illustrated in
The invention is not limited to these three various embodiments. It also comprises all the possible combinations between these embodiments.
The invention thus makes it possible to provide an impeller with a basic rim having a freedom of radial deformation, and a possibility of using materials for the basic rim which cannot be used for the fastening parts.
Finally, referring now to
In this
Note furthermore that, in this embodiment, the circular key 17 is furnished with a set of radial contact surfaces interacting with matching oblique surfaces made on the hub, on the one hand, and on the plate, on the other hand.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1251542 | Feb 2012 | FR | national |
