Patent Grant
11633625
The present disclosure generally relates to a radiation therapy system, and more particularly, relates to an image-guided radiation therapy system which combines radiation therapy and magnetic resonance imaging technique.
Radiation therapy on a tumor is currently affected by difficulties to track the variation (e.g., motion) of the tumor in different treatment sessions. Nowadays, various imaging techniques may be applied to provide images of the tumor before or within each treatment session. For example, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus may be used in combination with a radiation therapy apparatus to provide MRI images of the tumor. The combination of the MRI apparatus and the radiation therapy apparatus, which forms a therapeutic apparatus, may encounter difficulties in arranging components of the MRI apparatus (e.g., a plurality of main magnetic field coils, a plurality of magnetic shielding coils) and components of the radiation therapy apparatus (e.g., a linear accelerator) in a relatively compact space without causing interferences. For example, passive shielding technics for the radiation therapy apparatus such as providing a shielding structure surrounding the linear accelerator of the radiation therapy apparatus may have poor effect for a high intensity (e.g., 1.5 T) of the main magnetic field coils. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide a therapeutic apparatus that provides high therapeutic quality and also has a compact structure as well.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a therapeutic apparatus including a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus configured to acquire MRI data with respect to a region of interest (ROI) is provided. The MRI apparatus may include a main magnet body including a plurality of main magnetic field coils coaxially arranged along an axis. The MRI apparatus may also include a plurality of shielding coils including a first shielding coil, a second shielding coil and a shielding coil group arranged coaxially along the axis. The shielding coil group may be located between the first shielding coil and a second shielding coil.
In some embodiments, the shielding coil group may include a first coil group and a second coil group arranged coaxially along the axis.
In some embodiments, the first coil group or the second coil group may include a first coil and a second coil.
In some embodiments, the first coil and the second coil may be arranged concentrically.
In some embodiments, a direction of a current within the first coil may be opposite to a direction of a current within the second coil.
In some embodiments, a radius of the first coil or the second coil may be larger than that of the plurality of main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, a radius of the first coil may be greater than a radius of the second coil.
In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include an annular cryostat. The annular cryostat may include at least one outer wall and at least one inner wall coaxial around the axis, and an annular recess between the at least one outer wall and the at least one inner wall. The annular recess may have an opening formed at the at least one outer wall.
In some embodiments, the annular recess may be located coaxially between the first coil group and the second coil group.
In some embodiments, at least portion of the annular recess may be located radially between the first coil and the second coil.
In some embodiments, the system may further include a radiation therapy apparatus configured to apply therapeutic radiation to at least one portion of the ROI. The radiation therapy apparatus may include a linear accelerator configured to accelerate electrons in an electron beam to produce a photon beam of the therapeutic radiation. The linear accelerator may be at least partially located within the annular recess of the annular cryostat. The radiation therapy apparatus may also include one or more collimation components configured to shape the photon beam of the therapeutic radiation.
In some embodiments, at least portion of the radiation therapy apparatus may be located coaxially between the first coil group and the second coil group.
In some embodiments, at least portion of the radiation therapy apparatus may be located radially between the first coil and the second coil.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus configured to acquire MRI data with respect to a region of interest (ROI) is provided. The MRI apparatus may include a plurality of main magnetic field coils coaxially arranged along an axis, and a plurality of shielding coils arranged coaxially along the axis. A current within at least one of the shielding coils may be in the same direction with a current within the main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, the shielding coils may include a first coil and a second coil with different sizes.
In some embodiments, a direction of a current within the first coil may be opposite to a direction of a current within the second coil.
In some embodiments, a radius of the first coil may be greater than a radius of the second coil which is concentric with the first coil.
In some embodiments, the direction of the current within the first coil may be the same as a direction of a current within the main magnetic field coils.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a therapeutic apparatus is provided. The therapeutic apparatus may include a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus configured to acquire magnetic resonance imaging data with respect to a region of interest. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus may include an annular cryostat in which a plurality of main magnetic field coils and a plurality of shielding coils are arranged coaxially along an axis of the annular cryostat. The therapeutic apparatus may also include a radiation therapy apparatus. The radiation therapy apparatus may include a radiation source for directing therapeutic radiation to at least one portion of the region of interest. The annular cryostat may include a recess at an outer wall, and at least a portion of the radiation source is within the recess. At least one of the shielding coils may be configured to reduce the magnetic field on a region within the recess.
In some embodiments, at least one shielding coil of the shielding coils may be arranged close to a bottom of the recess, and a current within the at least one shielding coil of the shielding coils may be in an opposite direction with a current within the main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, at least one shielding coil of the shielding coils may be arranged close to an opening of the recess, and a current within the at least one shielding coil of the shielding coils may be in the same direction with a current within the main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, the shielding coils may include a first coil and a second coil with different sizes.
In some embodiments, a direction of a current within the first coil may be opposite to a direction of a current within the second coil.
In some embodiments, a radius of the first coil may be greater than a radius of the second coil which is concentric with the first coil.
In some embodiments, the direction of a current within the first coil may be the same as a direction of a current within the main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, at least portion of the annular recess may be located radially between the first coil and the second coil.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus configured to acquire MRI data with respect to a region of interest (ROI) is provided. The MRI apparatus may include an annular cryostat, a plurality of main magnetic field coils coaxially arranged along an axis of the annular cryostat, at least a first pair of shielding coils and a second pair of shielding coils with different sizes. A direction of a current within the first pair of shielding coils may be opposite to a direction of a current within the main magnetic field coils. The first pair of shielding coils may be configured to shield a magnetic field outside the MRI apparatus, and the second pair of shielding coils may be configured to shield a magnetic field between the first pair of shielding coils and the main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, a direction of a current within the second pair of shielding coils may be the same as the direction of a current within the main magnetic field coils. The second pair of shielding coils may be close to the first pair of shielding coils.
In some embodiments, a direction of a current within the second pair of shielding coils may be opposite to the direction of a current within the main magnetic field coils. The second pair of shielding coils may be close to the main magnetic field coils.
In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include a third pair of shielding coils. A shielding coil of the third pair of shielding coils may be concentric with a shielding coil of the second pair of shielding coils.
In some embodiments, a direction of a current within the third pair of shielding coils may be opposite to a direction of a current within the second pair of shielding coils.
Additional features will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following and the accompanying drawings or may be learned by production or operation of the examples. The features of the present disclosure may be realized and attained by practice or use of various aspects of the methodologies, instrumentalities, and combinations set forth in the detailed examples discussed below.
The present disclosure is further described in terms of exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, in which like reference numerals represent similar structures throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:
The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the present disclosure, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the claims.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” “include,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
These and other features, and characteristics of the present disclosure, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, may become more apparent upon consideration of the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of the present disclosure. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood that the drawings are not to scale.
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The therapeutic apparatus 110 may include a magnetic resonance imaging component (hereinafter referred to as “MRI apparatus”). The MRI apparatus may generate image data associated with magnetic resonance signals (hereinafter referred to as “MRI signals”) via scanning a subject or a part of the subject. In some embodiments, the subject may include a body, a substance, an object, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the subject may include a specific portion of a body, a specific organ, or a specific tissue, such as head, brain, neck, body, shoulder, arm, thorax, cardiac, stomach, blood vessel, soft tissue, knee, feet, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the therapeutic apparatus 110 may transmit the image data via the network 130 to the one or more processing engines 120, the storage device 140, and/or the terminal device 150 for further processing. For example, the image data may be sent to the one or more processing engines 120 for generating an MRI image, or may be stored in the storage device 140.
The therapeutic apparatus 110 may also include a radiation therapy component (hereinafter referred to as “radiation therapy apparatus”). The radiation therapy apparatus may provide radiation for target region (e.g., a tumor) treatment. The radiation used herein may include a particle ray, a photon ray, etc. The particle ray may include neutron, proton, electron, μ-meson, heavy ion, α-ray, or the like, or any combination thereof. The photon ray may include X-ray, γ-ray, ultraviolet, laser, or the like, or any combination thereof. For illustration purposes, a radiation therapy apparatus associated with X-ray may be described as an example. In some embodiments, the therapeutic apparatus 110 may generate a certain dose of X-rays to perform radiotherapy under the assistance of the image data provided by the MRI apparatus. For example, the image data may be processed to locate a tumor and/or determine the dose of X-rays.
The one or more processing engines 120 may process data and/or information obtained from the therapeutic apparatus 110, the storage device 140, and/or the terminal device 150. For example, the one or more processing engines 120 may process image data and reconstruct at least one MRI image based on the image data. As another example, the one or more processing engines 120 may determine the position of the treatment region and the dose of radiation based on the at least one MRI image. The MRI image may provide advantages including, for example, superior soft-tissue contrast, high resolution, geometric accuracy, which may allow accurate positioning of the treatment region. The MRI image may be used to detect the variance of the treatment region (e.g., a tumor regression or metastasis) during the time when the treatment plan is determined and the time when the treatment is carried out, such that an original treatment plan may be adjusted accordingly. The original treatment plan may be determined before the treatment begins. For instance, the original treatment plan may be determined at least one day, or three days, or a week, or two weeks, or a month, etc., before the treatment commences.
In the original or adjusted treatment plan, the dose of radiation may be determined according to, for example, synthetic electron density information. In some embodiments, the synthetic electron density information may be generated based on the MRI image.
In some embodiments, the one or more processing engines 120 may be a single processing engine that communicates with and process data from the MRI apparatus and the radiation therapy apparatus of the therapeutic apparatus 110. Alternatively, the one or more processing engines 120 may include at least two processing engines. One of the at least two processing engines may communicate with and process data from the MRI apparatus of the therapeutic apparatus 110, and another one of the at least two processing engines may communicate with and process data from the radiation therapy apparatus of the therapeutic apparatus 110. In some embodiments, the one or more processing engines 120 may include a treatment planning system. The at least two processing engines may communicate with each other.
In some embodiments, the one or more processing engines 120 may be a single server or a server group. The server group may be centralized or distributed. In some embodiments, the one or more processing engines 120 may be local to or remote from the therapeutic apparatus 110. For example, the one or more processing engines 120 may access information and/or data from the therapeutic apparatus 110, the storage device 140, and/or the terminal device 150 via the network 130. As another example, the one or more processing engines 120 may be directly connected to the therapeutic apparatus 110, the terminal device 150, and/or the storage device 140 to access information and/or data. In some embodiments, the one or more processing engines 120 may be implemented on a cloud platform. The cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an inter-cloud, a multi-cloud, or the like, or any combination thereof.
The network 130 may include any suitable network that can facilitate the exchange of information and/or data for the radiation therapy system 100. In some embodiments, one or more components of the radiation therapy system 100 (e.g., the therapeutic apparatus 110, the one or more processing engines 120, the storage device 140, or the terminal device 150) may communicate information and/or data with one or more other components of the radiation therapy system 100 via the network 130. For example, the one or more processing engines 120 may obtain image data from the therapeutic apparatus 110 via the network 130. As another example, the one or more processing engines 120 may obtain user instructions from the terminal device 150 via the network 130. The network 130 may include a public network (e.g., the Internet), a private network (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN)), a wired network (e.g., an Ethernet network), a wireless network (e.g., an 802.11 network, a Wi-Fi network), a cellular network (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), a frame relay network, a virtual private network (“VPN”), a satellite network, a telephone network, routers, hubs, switches, server computers, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the network 130 may include one or more network access points. For example, the network 130 may include wired and/or wireless network access points such as base stations and/or internet exchange points through which one or more components of the radiation therapy system 100 may be connected to the network 130 to exchange data and/or information.
The storage device 140 may store data, instructions, and/or any other information. In some embodiments, the storage device 140 may store data obtained from the one or more processing engines 120 and/or the terminal device 150. In some embodiments, the storage device 140 may store data and/or instructions that the one or more processing engines 120 may execute or use to perform exemplary methods described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the storage device 140 may include a mass storage device, a removable storage device, a cloud based storage device, a volatile read-and-write memory, a read-only memory (ROM), or the like, or any combination thereof. Exemplary mass storage may include a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid-state drive, etc. Exemplary removable storage may include a flash drive, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a memory card, a zip disk, a magnetic tape, etc. Exemplary volatile read-and-write memory may include a random access memory (RAM). Exemplary RAM may include a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a double date rate synchronous dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a thyristor RAM (T-RAM), a zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM), etc. Exemplary ROM may include a mask ROM (MROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a compact disk ROM (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk ROM, etc. In some embodiments, the storage device 140 may be implemented on a cloud platform as described elsewhere in the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the storage device 140 may be connected to the network 130 to communicate with one or more other components of the radiation therapy system 100 (e.g., the one or more processing engines 120 or the terminal device 150). One or more components of the radiation therapy system 100 may access the data or instructions stored in the storage device 140 via the network 130. In some embodiments, the storage device 140 may be part of the one or more processing engines 120.
The terminal device 150 may be connected to and/or communicate with the therapeutic apparatus 110, the one or more processing engines 120, and/or the storage device 140. For example, the one or more processing engines 120 may acquire a scanning protocol from the terminal device 150. As another example, the terminal device 150 may obtain image data from the therapeutic apparatus 110 and/or the storage device 140. In some embodiments, the terminal device 150 may include a mobile device 151, a tablet computer 152, a laptop computer 153, or the like, or any combination thereof. For example, the mobile device 151 may include a mobile phone, a personal digital assistance (PDA), a gaming device, a navigation device, a point of sale (POS) device, a laptop, a tablet computer, a desktop, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the terminal device 150 may include an input device, an output device, etc. The input device may include alphanumeric and other keys that may be input via a keyboard, a touch screen (for example, with haptics or tactile feedback), a speech input, an eye tracking input, a brain monitoring system, or any other comparable input mechanism. The input information received through the input device may be transmitted to the one or more processing engines 120 via, for example, a bus, for further processing. Other types of the input device may include a cursor control device, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys, etc. The output device may include a display, a speaker, a printer, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the terminal device 150 may be part of the one or more processing engines 120.
This description is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The features, structures, methods, and characteristics of the exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined in various ways to obtain additional and/or alternative exemplary embodiments. For example, the storage device 140 may be a data storage including cloud computing platforms, such as public cloud, private cloud, community, hybrid clouds, etc. In some embodiments, the one or more processing engines 120 may be integrated into the therapeutic apparatus 110. However, those variations and modifications do not depart the scope of the present disclosure.
In 202, the one or more processing engines 120 may acquire magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with respect to a region of interest (ROI) by an MRI apparatus. The MRI data may be MR signals received by an RF coil from a subject. More detailed description related to the MR signals may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure at, for example,
In some embodiments, an ROI may refer to a treatment region associated with a tumor. The treatment region may be a region of a subject (e.g., a body, a substance, an object). In some embodiments, the ROI may be a specific portion of a body, a specific organ, or a specific tissue, such as head, brain, neck, body, shoulder, arm, thorax, cardiac, stomach, blood vessel, soft tissue, knee, feet, or the like, or any combination thereof.
In 204, the one or more processing engines 120 may reconstruct an MRI image related to at least one portion of the ROI based on the MRI data. The MRI image may be reconstructed as a distribution of atomic nuclei inside the subject based on the MRI data. Different kinds of imaging reconstruction techniques for the image reconstruction procedure may be employed. Exemplary image reconstruction techniques may include Fourier reconstruction, constrained image reconstruction, regularized image reconstruction in parallel MRI, or the like, or a variation thereof, or any combination thereof.
The MRI image may be used to determine a therapeutic radiation to a tumor. For example, the one or more processing engines 120 may determine the position of the tumor and the dose of radiation according to the MRI image. In some embodiments, it may take at least several minutes to reconstruct an MRI image representing a large imaging region. In some embodiments, in order to generate the MRI image during a relative short time period (e.g., every second), the one or more processing engines 120 may reconstruct an initial image representing a smaller imaging region (e.g., at least one portion of the ROI) compared to that of the MRI image representing a large imaging region, and then combine the initial image with the MRI image representing a large imaging region. For example, the one or more processing engines 120 may replace a portion of the MRI image representing a large imaging region related to the ROI with the initial image. The MRI image representing a large imaging region may include information of non-ROI (e.g., a healthy tissue) near the ROI and that of the ROI. In some embodiments, the MRI image representing a large imaging region may be acquired and reconstructed before the therapeutic radiation on the tumor. For example, the MRI image representing a large imaging region may be acquired less than 1 day, or half a day, or 6 hours, or 3 hours, or 1 hour, or 45 minutes, or 30 minutes, or 20 minutes, or 15 minutes, or 10 minutes, or 5 minutes, etc., before a radiation source starts emitting a radiation beam for treatment. In some embodiments, the radiation source may include some components to generate a radiation beam. For example, the radiation source may include a linear accelerator, a target, a primary collimator and a multi-leaf collimator (MLC), etc. In some embodiments, the MRI image representing a large imaging region may be obtained from a storage device in the radiation therapy system 100, such as the storage device 140.
In 206, the one or more processing engines 120 may determine a parameter associated with a size of the at least one portion of the ROI based on the MRI image. In some embodiments, the parameter associated with a size of the at least one portion of the ROI may include the size of the cross section of a tumor which has the maximum area and is perpendicular to the direction of the radiation beams impinging on the at least one portion of the ROI. In some embodiments, the parameter associated with a size of the at least one portion of the ROI may indicate the shape of the cross section of the tumor. For example, the parameter associated with a size of at least one portion of the ROI may indicate that the shape of the cross section of the tumor is circle, and further indicate the diameter of the circle. In some embodiments, to determine the parameter associated with a size of at least one portion of the ROI, the one or more processing engines 120 may extract texture information from the MRI image, and determine texture features that are indicative of the ROI by identifying frequent texture patterns of the ROI in the extracted texture information. Then, the one or more processing engines 120 may measure the size of the region which includes the texture features in the MRI image, and determine the parameter associated with the size of the ROI.
In 208, the one or more processing engines 120 may generate a control signal according to the parameter associated with the size of at least one portion of the ROI. The control signal may be dynamically adjusted based on the plurality of MRI images taken at different time points. In some embodiments, the control signal may include parameters associated with the therapeutic radiation on the tumor. For example, the control signal may include the dosage of X-rays and a duration of the radiation beam. For another example, the control signal may include parameters of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) that determines the shape of the radiation beam projected on the subject. The MLC may include a plurality of individual leaves of high atomic numbered materials (e.g., tungsten) moving independently in and out of the path of the radiation beam. In some embodiments, the control signal may include parameters associated with movements of one or more components of a radiation therapy apparatus. For example, the control signal may include a parameter associated with one or more positions of a radiation source of the radiation therapy apparatus (e.g., the radiation therapy apparatus in the therapeutic apparatus 110, a radiation therapy apparatus 300). For another example, the control signal may include a parameter associated with a height or a position of a platform of the radiation therapy apparatus (e.g., a location of the platform 308 of the treatment table 330 along an axis of the main magnetic body 302) to properly position a patient so that the treatment region (e.g., a cancerous tumor or lesion) in the patient may properly receive the radiation beam from the radiation therapy apparatus.
In 210, the one or more processing engines 120 may send the control signal to a radiation therapy apparatus to cause the radiation therapy apparatus to apply the therapeutic radiation. During the therapeutic radiation, the radiation source of the radiation therapy apparatus may rotate, and the dosage of X-rays, duration of radiation beam from a radiation source, the shape of MLC and the position of the platform may be varied. In some embodiments, the radiation beam may be emitted only when the radiation source of the radiation therapy apparatus rotates to certain angles (e.g., 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, 300 degrees, 360 degrees). For example, an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may be applied. The radiation source may stop rotating intermittently. The radiation source may rotate to a desired position, pause there, and emit a radiation beam, and then resume to rotate. In some embodiments, the radiation source may rotate continuously, and emit a radiation beam continuously or intermittently. In some embodiments, the radiation source may continuously emit the radiation beam while rotating.
In some embodiments, as described above, a treatment region (e.g., a region including a tumor) may be determined according to the image data acquired from the MRI apparatus. Then a radiation beam may be generated by a radiation source of the radiation therapy apparatus to perform the therapeutic radiation to the treatment region. For example, the dosage of the radiation beam and/or the position of the treatment region may be determined in real-time with the assistance of the MRI apparatus.
It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art, multiple variations or modifications may be made under the teachings of the present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, operations 202 and 204 may be performed simultaneously.
The MRI apparatus 310 may include a bore 301, a main magnetic body 302, one or more gradient coils (not shown), and one or more radiofrequency (RF) coils (not shown). The MRI apparatus 310 may be configured to acquire image data from an imaging region. For example, the image data may relate to the treatment region associated with a tumor. In some embodiments, the MRI apparatus 310 may be a permanent magnet MRI scanner, a superconducting electromagnet MRI scanner, or a resistive electromagnet MRI scanner, etc., according to the types of the main magnetic body 302. In some embodiments, the MRI apparatus 310 may be a high-field MRI scanner, a mid-field MRI scanner, and a low-field MRI scanner, etc., according to the intensity of the magnetic field. In some embodiments, the MRI apparatus 310 may be of a closed-bore (cylindrical) type, an open-bore type, or the like.
The main magnetic body 302 may have the shape of an annulus and may generate a static magnetic field B0. The main magnetic body 302 may be of various types including, for example, a permanent magnet, a superconducting electromagnet, a resistive electromagnet, etc. The superconducting electromagnet may include niobium, vanadium, technetium alloy, etc.
The one or more gradient coils may generate magnetic field gradients to the main magnetic field B0 in the X, Y, and/or Z directions (or axes). In some embodiments, the one or more gradient coils may include an X-direction (or axis) coil, a Y-direction (or axis) coil, a Z-direction (or axis) coil, etc. For example, the Y-direction coil may be designed based on a circular (Maxwell) coil, the Z-direction coil and the X-direction coil may be designed on the basis of the saddle (Golay) coil configuration. As used herein, the Z direction may also be referred to as the readout (RO) direction (or a frequency encoding direction), the X direction may also be referred to as the phase encoding (PE) direction, the Y direction may also be referred to as the slice-selection encoding direction. In the present disclosure, the readout direction and the frequency encoding direction may be used interchangeably.
Merely by way of example, the gradient magnetic fields may include a slice-selection gradient field corresponding to the Y-direction, a phase encoding (PE) gradient field corresponding to the X-direction, a readout (RO) gradient field corresponding to the Z-direction, etc. The gradient magnetic fields in different directions may be used to encode the spatial information of MR signals. In some embodiments, the gradient magnetic fields may also be used to perform at least one function of flow encoding, flow compensation, flow dephasing, or the like, or any combination thereof.
The one or more RF coils may emit RF pulses to and/or receive MR signals from a subject (e.g., a body, a substance, an object) being examined. As used herein, an RF pulse may include an excitation RF pulse and a refocusing RF pulse. In some embodiments, the excitation RF pulse (e.g., a 90-degree RF pulse) may tip magnetization vector away from the direction of the main magnetic field B0. In some embodiments, the refocusing pulse (e.g., a 180-degree RF pulse) may rotate dispersing spin isochromatic about an axis in the transverse plane so that magnetization vector may rephase at a later time. In some embodiments, the RF coil may include an RF transmitting coil and an RF receiving coil. The RF transmitting coil may emit RF pulse signals that may excite the nucleus in the subject to resonate at the Larmor frequency. The RF receiving coil may receive MR signals emitted from the subject. In some embodiments, the RF transmitting coil and RF receiving coil may be integrated into one single coil, for example, a transmitting/receiving coil. The RF coil may be one of various types including, for example, a quotient difference (QD) orthogonal coil, a phase-array coil, etc. In some embodiments, different RF coils 240 may be used for the scanning of different parts of a body being examined, for example, a head coil, a knee joint coil, a cervical vertebra coil, a thoracic vertebra coil, a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) coil, etc. In some embodiments, according to its function and/or size, the RF coil may be classified as a volume coil and a local coil. For example, the volume coil may include a birdcage coil, a transverse electromagnetic coil, a surface coil, etc. As another example, the local coil may include a solenoid coil, a saddle coil, a flexible coil, etc.
The radiation therapy device 300 may include a drum 312 and a base 307. The drum 312 may have the shape of an annulus. The drum 312 may be disposed around the main magnetic body 302 and intersect the main magnetic body 302 at a central region of the main magnetic body 302 along the axis 311 of the bore 301. The drum 312 may accommodate and support a radiation source that is configured to emit a radiation beam towards the treatment region in the bore 301. The radiation beam may be an X-ray beam, an electron beam, a proton ray source, etc. The drum 312, together with the radiation source mounted thereon, may be able to rotate around the axis 311 of the bore 301 and/or a point called the isocenter. Merely by way of example, the drum 312, together with the radiation source mounted thereon, may be able to rotate any angle, e.g., 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 360 degrees, 450 degrees, 540 degrees, around the axis 311. The drum 306 may be further supported by the base 307.
It should be noted that the above description is merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art, multiple variations or modification may be made under the teaching of the present disclosure. For example, the radiation therapy device 300 may further include a linear accelerator configured to accelerate electrons, ions, or protons, a dose detecting device, a temperature controlling device (e.g., a cooling device), a multiple layer collimator, or the like, or any combination thereof. However, those variations and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.
The treatment table 330 may include a platform 308 and a base frame 309. In some embodiments, the platform 308 may move along the horizontal direction and enter into the bore 301 of the MRI apparatus 310. In some embodiments, the platform 308 may move two-dimensionally, three-dimensionally, four-dimensionally, five-dimensionally or six-dimensionally. In some embodiments, the platform 308 may move according to the variance (e.g., position change) of the tumor estimated by, for example, a real-time MRI image obtained during a treatment.
In some embodiments, the subject may be placed on the platform 308 and sent into the MRI device. In some embodiments, the subject may be a human patient. The human patient may lie on the back, lie in prone, lie on the side on the platform 308.
During the treatment, the drum 312 may be set to rotate around the main magnetic body 302. In some embodiments, the main magnetic body 302 may include a recess (not shown) at its outer wall. The recess may be disposed around the entire circumference of the main magnetic body 302. For example, the recess may have the shape of an annulus surrounding the main magnetic body 302, thus accommodating at least part of the drum 312. In some embodiments, the recess may be disposed around part of the circumference of the main magnetic body 302. For example, the recess may have the shape of one or more arcs around the main magnetic body 302.
In some embodiments, at least a portion of the radiation source is within the recess. This arrangement may reduce the distance between the radiation source and the axis 311 of the bore 301 along the radial direction of the main magnetic body 302. In some embodiments, the radiation source may move along an entire path of rotation within the recess. In some embodiments, the radiation source may move along a path of rotation within the recess that is not an entire circle, such as a semicircle or ¾ circle or ⅘ circle. Under such situation, the radiation source will move clockwise and then anti-clockwise during treatment, and the table may also move. The radiation source may generate the radiation beam according to one or more parameters. Exemplary parameter may include a parameter of the radiation beam, a parameter of the radiation source, or a parameter of the platform 308. For example, the parameter of the radiation beam may include an irradiating intensity, an irradiating angle, an irradiating distance, an irradiating area, an irradiating time, an intensity distribution, or the like, or any combination thereof. The parameter of the radiation source may include a position, a rotating angle, a rotating speed, a rotating direction, the configuration of the radiation source, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the generation of the radiation beam by the radiation source may take into consideration energy loss of the radiation beam due to, e.g., the main magnetic body 302 located in the pathway of the radiation beam that may absorb at least a portion of the radiation beam. For example, the irradiating intensity of the radiation beam may be set larger than that in the situation in which there is no energy loss due to, e.g., the absorption by the main magnetic body 302 accordingly to compensate the energy loss such that the radiation beam of a specific intensity may impinge on a treatment region (e.g., a tumor).
As shown in
It should be noted that the above description of the therapeutic apparatus 110 is merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art, multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings of the present disclosure. For example, the assembly and/or function of the therapeutic apparatus 110 may vary or change according to a specific implementation scenario. In some embodiments, the main magnetic body 302 of the MRI apparatus 310 may also rotate relative to the treatment head 304. For example, the radiation therapy device 300 and the MRI apparatus 310 may synchronously or asynchronously rotate around a same axis (e.g., the axis 311). However, those variations and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in
The plurality of main magnetic field coils 401, the shielding coils 402 and the shielding coil group 411 may be accommodated in the cryostat 403 and maintained in the superconductive state under a certain condition (e.g., when both the coils are merged in a cooling medium in the cryostat 403).
The cryostat 403 may have the shape of an annulus with an axis 405 (e.g., the axis 311 in
The shielding coils 402 may also be arranged coaxially along the axis 405 at a larger radius from the axis 405 than the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401. That is, a radius of each of the first shielding coil 402-a and the second shielding coil 402-b may be larger than that of each of the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401. The shielding coils 402 may carry an electric current along a second direction that is opposed to the first direction. The shielding coils 402 (i.e., the first pair of shielding coils) may help shield the magnetic field generated by the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 on a region outside the MRI apparatus.
The shielding coil group 411 may also be arranged coaxially along the axis 405 at a larger radius from the axis 405 than the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401. That is, a radius of each of the first coils 411-1 and second coils 411-2 may be larger than that of each of the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401. A direction of a current within each of the first coils 411-1 may be opposite to a direction of a current within each of the second coils 411-2. For example, each of the first coils 411-1 may include a radius designated as R1, and each of the second coils 411-2 may include a radius designated as R2, wherein R1 is greater than R2. Each of the first coils 411-1 may carry an electric current along the first direction, and each of the second coils 411-2 may carry an electric current along the second direction. That is, the direction of electric current within the first coils 411-1 (i.e., the second pair of shielding coils) may be the same as that of the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401, and the direction of electric current within the second coils 411-2 (i.e., the third pair of shielding coils) may be opposite to that of the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 (i.e., the direction of a current within the third pair of shielding coils may be opposite to the direction of a current within the second pair of shielding coils). In some embodiments, a shielding coil of the second pair of shielding coils (i.e., a first coil 411-1) may be concentric with a shielding coil of the third pair of shielding coils (i.e., a second coil 411-2). The first coil 411-1 and the second coil 411-2 that are arranged concentrically may also be referred as a coil group of the shielding coil group 411. As shown in
In some embodiments, the shielding coil group 411 may be configured to shield the magnetic field produced by the MRI apparatus (e.g., the main magnetic field coils, the magnetic shielding coils, the gradient coils) in case that one or more components of the radiation therapy apparatus (e.g., a linear accelerator, electrons, a multi-leaf collimator) may be influenced by the magnetic field produced by the MRI apparatus on an annular region. The annular region may have the shape of an annulus with the axis 405. The annular region may include a virtual outer wall with a radius of R1 and a virtual inner wall with a radius of R2. That is, the depth of the annular region (i.e., the thickness of the annular region in the radial direction) which is defined as the distance from the virtual outer wall to the virtual inner wall in the radial direction may be equal to R1 minus R2 (R1-R2). For example, the shielding coil group 411 (e.g., the second pair of shielding coils 411-1, or the third pair of shielding coils 411-2) may be configured to shield a magnetic field between the shielding coils 402 (i.e., the first pair of shielding coils) and the main magnetic field coils 401. As another example, the shielding coil group 411 (e.g., the second pair of shielding coils 411-1, the third pair of shielding coils 411-2) may be configured to reduce a magnetic field on a region within a recess (e.g., a recess 408) of the annular cryostat 403.
In some embodiments, a magnitude of the electric current in each coil of the shielding coil group 411 may be the same, i.e., each of the first coils 411-1 may have the same magnitude of electric current as each of the second coils 411-2. Taking the first direction that is perpendicular to the X-Y plane pointing inwards as an example, the second direction may be perpendicular to the X-Y plane pointing outward. For the annular region, the magnetic field produced by the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 (also referred to as a first magnetic field) in the annular region may be along the Y direction, and the magnetic field produced by the shielding coil group 411 (also referred to as the second magnetic field) in the annular region may be opposite to the Y direction. The magnitude of the first magnetic field may be equal to or approximately equal to the second magnetic field by adjusting the magnitude of the electric current in each coil of the shielding coil group 411 to a proper magnitude. In the proper magnitude of the electric current in each coil of the shielding coil group 411, the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field may neutralize each other such that the magnetic field in the annular region may be equal to or less than a threshold field (e.g., a zero net field). The threshold field may be set by an operator or a default setting of the radiation therapy system 100, and may be adjustable in different situations. For a region of the main magnetic field B0 that produced by the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401, the magnetic field produced by the shielding coil group 411 (also referred to as the third magnetic field) in the region of the main magnetic field B0 may be a magnetic field equal to or less than the threshold field, as the first coils 411-1 and the second coils 411-2 may produce two magnetic fields with approximate magnitudes and opposite directions in the region of the main magnetic field B0 and the two magnetic fields may neutralize each other. Thus, the main magnetic field B0 may not be influence by the protection.
As shown in
The cryostat 403 may have a recess 408 at a radial position between the inner wall of the cryostat 403 and the outer walls of the different chambers of the cryostat 403. The recess 408 may have an opening 407 formed between the outer walls of the two chambers of the cryostat 403. The recess 408 may have the shape of an annulus when viewed in a perspective view. The annulus may have same or different widths (i.e., the size in the axial direction) at different radial positions. The recess 408 may have a depth (i.e., the thickness of the annulus in the radial direction) which is defined as the distance from the opening 407 to the outermost surface of the neck portion of the cryostat 403 in the radial direction. As show in
The recess 408 may be configured to accommodate the components of the radiation therapy apparatus. As shown in
The linear accelerator 409 may be configured to accelerate charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed. In some embodiments, the linear accelerator 409 may accelerate electrons using microwave technology. For example, the linear accelerator 409 may accelerate electrons in an electron beam with energy group between 4 MeV to 22 MeV using high RF electromagnetic waves.
The linear accelerator 409 may be mounted to a gantry or a drum (e.g., the gantry 306 or the drum 312) that is capable of rotating around the axis 405 and may enable the radiation beam to be emitted from a certain range of the circumferential positions, or an arbitrary circumferential position. As shown in
The target 404 may be configured to receive the accelerated charged subatomic particles or ions (e.g., an electron beam) to produce the radiation beam for the therapeutic radiation. For example, the electron beam may collide with the target 404 to generate high-energy X-rays according to the bremsstrahlung effect. In some embodiments, the target 404 may be located near the exit window of the linear accelerator 409 to receive the accelerated electron beam. In some embodiments, the target 404 may be made of materials including aluminum, copper, silver, tungsten, or the like, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the target 404 may be made of composite materials including tungsten and copper, tungsten and silver, tungsten and aluminum, or the like, or any combination thereof. The one skilled the art could readily understand that the target is not necessary for the treatment using the electron beam.
The radiation beam from the target 404 may pass through the collimator 412 to form a beam with a specific shape (e.g., cone beam). In some embodiments, the collimator 412 may include a primary collimator, a flattening filter and at least one secondary collimator.
The MLC 410 may be configured to reshape the radiation beam. For example, the MLC 410 may adjust the irradiating shape, the irradiating area, etc., of the radiation beam. The MLC 410 may be placed anywhere on the path of the radiation beam. For example, the MLC 410 may be placed close to the linear accelerator 409 as shown in
The MLC 410 may stay fixed relative to the linear accelerator 409, thus rotating together with the linear accelerator 409 around the axis 405. The MLC 410 may include a plurality of individual leaves of high atomic numbered materials (e.g., tungsten) moving independently in and out of the path of the radiation beam in order to block it. The shape of the radiation beam may vary when the plurality of individual leaves move in and out, forming different slots that could adapt the cross section of the tumor viewed from an axis of the radiation beam (i.e., the vertical dotted line 416 shown in
As shown in
In some embodiments, the depth of the annular region may only accommodate a portion of components of the radiation therapy apparatus to protect the portion of components from being influenced by the magnetic field produced by the MRI apparatus as possible. For example, the annular region may accommodate the target 404, the collimator 412 and the MLC 410. The linear accelerator 409 may be out of the annular region, as the accelerating waveguide (tube) of the linear accelerator 409 may be surrounded by a shielding structure or the linear accelerator 409 may be located in a relatively long distance away from the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401. The shielding structure may include a plurality of shielding layers to shield the magnetic field produced by the MRI apparatus in case that the electrons may be influenced by the magnetic field and/or absorb the radiation produced by the radiation beam of the linear accelerator 409 in case that the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 is influenced. As another example, the annular region may accommodate the linear accelerator 409 and the target 404. The collimator 412 and the MLC 410 may be out of the annular region. More descriptions of therapeutic apparatus may be found in International Application No. PCT/CN2018/115394 entitled “RADIATION THERAPY SYSTEM AND METHOD,” filed Nov. 14, 2017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
As shown in
In some embodiments, the main magnetic body and one or more of the plurality of shielding coils (e.g., the shielding coil group 411) may be not limited to a coil type, and may be any other types including, for example, a permanent magnet, a resistive electromagnet, etc.
In some embodiments, the shielding coils 402 (i.e., the first pair of shielding coils) may be configured to shield a magnetic field outside the MRI apparatus. The shielding coil group 411 (i.e., the second pair of shielding coils) may be configured to generate a magnetic field to reduce and/or shield a magnetic field in a particular region (e.g., a region surrounding the treatment head of the radiation therapy apparatus) of the therapeutic apparatus 400″.
Compared with the MRI apparatus 400 described in
In some embodiments, a direction of electric current within the shielding coil group 411 may be the same as or different from a direction of electronic current within the shielding coils 402. The main magnetic coils 401 may carry an electric current along a first direction and the shielding coils 402 may carry an electric current along a second direction. The first direction is opposite to the second direction as described in
In some embodiments, a distance (e.g., denoted by R as illustrated in
It should be noted that the above description of the therapeutic apparatus 400, 400′ or 400″ is merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For persons having ordinary skills in the art, multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings of the present disclosure. For example, the collimator 412 and the MLC 410 may be integrated to form a single collimator. As another example, the neck portion illustrated in the cryostat 403 may not form an entire annulus. Specifically, the neck portion may be discrete arcs that connect the left chamber and the right chamber of the cryostat 403. Therefore, the neck portion may intermittently appear in the path of the radiation beam when the linear accelerator 409 rotates around the axis 405 to generate the radiation beam. As still another example, the shielding coil group 411 may include more than two groups of coils as disclosed in the present disclosure, e.g., a third coil group may be added for achieving shielding the magnetic field in the annular region. As still another example, the shielding coil group 411 may include more than two pairs of shielding coils as disclosed in the present disclosure, e.g., a fourth pair of shielding coils may be added for achieving shielding the magnetic field in the annular region. The fourth pair of shielding coils may be concentric and/or coaxial with the second pair of shielding coils or third pair of shielding coils.
In some embodiments, the main magnetic body 302 may be a separated magnetic body. For example, the main magnetic body 302 may include at least two separated parts. At least portion of the coils in the main magnetic body 302 (e.g., the first shielding coil 402-a, the first coil 411-1, the first main magnetic field coils 401-1, the second main magnetic field coils 401-2, the third main magnetic field coils 401-3, etc.) may be located in one part, and the rest of the coils in the main magnetic body 302 may be located in the other part.
In some embodiments, the main magnetic field B0 produced by the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 may be represented by dotted box 501, the magnetic field in a middle region between the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 and the shielding coils 402 (also referred to as a middle magnetic field) may be represented by dotted box 502, and the magnetic field in an outside region out of the shielding coils 402 (also referred to as an outside magnetic field) may be represented by dotted box 503. The middle magnetic field may be a superposition of the magnetic field produced by the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 within the middle region and the magnetic field produced by the shielding coils 402 within the middle region. The outside magnetic field may be a neutralization of the magnetic field produced by the plurality of main magnetic field coils 401 within the outside region and the magnetic field produced by the shielding coils 402 within the outside region. The shade of the color within a dotted box may indicate a strength and distribution of the corresponding magnetic field. As shown in
As shown in
Having thus described the basic concepts, it may be rather apparent to those skilled in the art after reading this detailed disclosure that the foregoing detailed disclosure is intended to be presented by way of example only and is not limiting. Various alterations, improvements, and modifications may occur and are intended to those skilled in the art, though not expressly stated herein. These alterations, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested by the present disclosure, and are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
Moreover, certain terminology has been used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the terms “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” and/or “some embodiments” mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” in various portions of this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
Further, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated and described herein in any of a number of patentable classes or context including any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or combining software and hardware implementation that may all generally be referred to herein as a “unit,” “module,” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable media having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Furthermore, the recited order of processing elements or sequences, or the use of numbers, letters, or other designations therefore, is not intended to limit the claimed processes and methods to any order except as may be specified in the claims. Although the above disclosure discusses through various examples what is currently considered to be a variety of useful embodiments of the disclosure, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose, and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. For example, although the implementation of various components described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it may also be implemented as a software only solution, for example, an installation on an existing server or mobile device.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of embodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, inventive embodiments lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.
In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities or properties used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the application are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about,” “approximate,” or “substantially.” For example, “about,” “approximate,” or “substantially” may indicate ±20% variation of the value it describes, unless otherwise stated. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the application are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable.
Each of the patents, patent applications, publications of patent applications, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, things, and/or the like, referenced herein is hereby incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety for all purposes, excepting any prosecution file history associated with same, any of same that is inconsistent with or in conflict with the present document, or any of same that may have a limiting affect as to the broadest scope of the claims now or later associated with the present document. By way of example, should there be any inconsistency or conflict between the description, definition, and/or the use of a term associated with any of the incorporated material and that associated with the present document, the description, definition, and/or the use of the term in the present document shall prevail.
In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the application disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the application. Other modifications that may be employed may be within the scope of the application. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the application may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, embodiments of the present application are not limited to that precisely as shown and described.
This application is a Continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2019/074540, filed on Feb. 2, 2019, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
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