Patent Grant
9301298
The present invention relates to a radio communication system, a radio communication method, a radio communication device, a reception device, and a program.
Recently, next-generation mobile communication systems have been actively studied. As a method for enhancing the frequency utilization efficiency of a system, a single-frequency reuse cellular system has been proposed in which each cell uses the same frequency band so that each cell can use the entire band allocated to the system.
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) is a front-runner in a downlink (communication from a base station device to a mobile station device). OFDMA is a communication system in which information data are modulated by use of different modulation schemes, such as 64 QAM (64-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) and BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), according to reception conditions to generate an OFDM signal, and radio resources defined by time-and-frequency axes are flexibly allocated to multiple mobile station devices.
Since an OFDM signal is used in this case, a PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) becomes greatly high in some cases. The high peak power is not a severe problem for downlink communication having a relatively-high transmission-power amplifying function. However, the high peak power is a fatal problem for uplink communication (from the mobile station device to the base station device) having a relatively-low transmission-power amplifying function.
For this reason, a single-carrier-based communication scheme with a low PAPR is suitable to the uplink (communication from the mobile station device to the base station device).
However, the use of the single-carrier scheme causes a problem that flexible resource allocation using time-and-frequency axes cannot be performed such as in the case of OFDM. To solve the problem, SC-ASA (Single Carrier-Adaptive Spectrum Allocation), which is also called DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM), has been proposed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
Such a communication scheme uses the same scheme as the single-carrier communication scheme, resulting in a lower PAPR. Additionally, a cyclic prefix is inserted as in the case of OFDM signals, enabling data processing without inter-block interference (in this description, an interval at which a cyclic prefix is inserted, i.e., data processing unit by which DFT is performed, is called a DFT-S-OFDM symbol). Further, frequency waves are generated once by use of DFT, thereby simplifying resource control per subcarrier.
Regarding each transmission system shown in
Then, the mapped frequency-domain signals are converted into time-domain signals by IDFT units 1010 and 1011, and then converted into serial signals by P/S (parallel/signal) converters 1012 and 1013. Then, cyclic prefixes are inserted by CP inserters 1014 and 1015, and then converted into analog signals by D/A converters 1016 and 1017. Finally, the analog signals are upconverted into radio-frequency signals by radio units 1018 and 1019, and then transmitted from the transmission antennas 1020 and 1021.
The signals transmitted from the transmission device shown in
The data signals subjected to DFT and then converted into the frequency-domain signals are input to the canceller 1114. The canceller 1114 subtracts, from the received signals, replicas of received signals, which are generated based on the reliability of demodulated data. If a perfect replica (transmitted signal) is generated, an output of the canceller 1114 includes only noise elements. This calculation can be expressed as an expression (100) where R denotes a reception-data vector received by the two antennas, Ξ denotes a channel matrix, and S′ denotes a replica of a transmission-data vector (generated by a replica generator to a spectral mapping unit as will be explained later).
Q=R−ΞS′ (100)
Q denotes a vector indicating an output of the canceller 1114 at the time of second-or-more repeated operation (i.e., a residual after cancelling). R, Ξ, S′ are shown in the following expressions (101) to (103), where a figure in a parenthesis denotes the subcarrier number, and an index denotes the transmission-and-reception antenna number. Two indexes of Ξ denote a combination of reception-and-transmission antennas. For example, Ξ21 denotes a channel from the transmission antenna 1 to the reception antenna 2. These expressions may be used for both single-user MIMO and multi-user MIMO.
The reason that replicas (ΞS′) of all signals including desired signals to be extracted are cancelled is that the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 1115 that will be explained later performs an inverse matrix calculation, and therefore the inverse matrix calculation has to be performed a number of times corresponding to the number of desired signals included in a block if cancelling and equalization are repeated without cancelling the desired signals. On the other hand, if the residual Q after the canceling of all replicas is input, the residual can be equally treated in the block, and therefore all weights can be calculated with one inverse matrix calculation with respect to the block. For this reason, the replica is independently input and reconfigured to decrease the amount of the inverse calculation. However, a replica of the firstly received signal cannot be generated. In this case, the reception-data vector (R) passes through the canceller 1115 as it is.
The signal output from the canceller 1114 is input to the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 1115, and then subjected to equalization using frequency-domain signals. When the repeated operation is performed, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 1115 performs, with use of an expression (104), MMSE equalization on each signal generated by a replica of the received signal for each data vector transmitted from the antennas 1 and 2 shown in
z=(1+γTnδTn)−1[γTns′Tn+FHΨTnQ] (104)
Tn (n=1, 2 in the above case) denotes a transmission antenna. γTn and δTn denote real numbers used when tap coefficients are calculated. Similarly, ΨTn denotes a complex square matrix having a size of the DFT block length, which is used when tap coefficients are calculated. s′Tn denotes a replica of the signal transmitted from the antenna Tn. Q denotes a result (residual) of subtracting replicas of all the received signals from the received signals. Since a replica of a received signal cannot be generated (s′Tn is a zero vector) in the first operation, the signal R output from the canceller 1114 without being subjected to subtraction is subjected to equalization. When calculating ΨTn and the like shown in the expression (104), channel matrices ΞT1 and ΞT2 corresponding to the transmission-data vectors 1 and 2 are used in addition to the channel matrix shown in the expression (102). ΞT1 and ΞT2 are channel matrices for respective transmission antennas, which are used for equalizing the transmission-data vectors 1 and 2.
By the equalization with use of the expression (104), the equalized time-domain signals are output from the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 1115 for each transmission data (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
The signals that have been transmitted from the respective transmission antennas and equalized for the respective signals are input to the DFT units 1116 and 1117, converted into frequency-domain signals by the DFT units 1116 and 1117, and then input to the spectral demapping unit 1118. The spectral demapping unit 1118 performs demapping common to spectra transmitted from the antennas 1 and 2 based on spectral mapping information. Then, the demapped signals are converted into time-domain signals by the IDFT units 1119 and 1120, converted into serial signals by the P/S converters 1121 and 1122, and then subjected to demodulation and decoding.
The demodulators 1123 and 1124 calculate LLRs (Log Likelihood Ratios) indicative of the reliability of the reception data subjected to error coding. The decoders 1125 and 1126 perform error correction decoding on the LLRs to update the LLRs. The repetition controllers 1127 and 1128 receiving the LLRs determine whether or not the repeated operation has been performed the predetermined number of times. If the repeated operation has been performed the predetermined number of times, the repetition controllers 1127 and 1128 output the LLRs to the determining units 1129 and 1130. On the other hand, if the repeated operation has not yet been performed the predetermined number of times, the repetition controllers 1127 and 1128 output the LLRs to the replica generators 1131 and 1132, and proceeds to a process of generating replicas of received signals. Assuming that a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is used, the repeated operation may end if no error is detected.
The replica generators 1131 and 1132 generate signal replicas (replicas of transmitted signals) corresponding to the respective LLRs. The generated replicas are passed through the S/P converters 1133 and 1134, and then converted by the DFT units 1135 and 1136 into frequency-domain replicas of signals transmitted from the respective antennas.
Then, the frequency-domain signal replicas generated in this manner are mapped by the spectral mapping unit 1137 based on mapping information received from a spectrum determining unit (not shown) in a similar manner as done on the transmitting side. Then, the replicas S′ subjected to the spectral mapping are input to the channel multiplier 1140, and then input to the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 1115 through the IDFT units 1138 and 1139. The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 1115 receiving the replicas S′ subjected to the spectral mapping reconfigures the received signals of the transmission-data vectors 1 and 2 using the replicas as explained above, and uses the reconfigured received signals for equalizing the respective transmission-data vectors. To generate replicas of the received signals to be used for subtraction from the received signals performed by the canceller 1114, the channel multiplier 1140 multiplies the replicas subjected to the spectral mapping by the channel matrix (Ξ shown in the expression (102)). Then, the replicas (ΞS′) of the received signals, which are output from the channel multiplier 1140, are input to the canceller 1114, and then subtraction shown in the expression (100) is performed as explained above.
The reception device shown in
As a system for multiplexing transmission data pieces transmitted from multiple transmission stations with use of SC-ASA, an FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)-based system has been also proposed in which the point number of IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) is set by the transmission station to be greater than that of DFT, and subcarriers added null data are used by another transmission station (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
The mapped frequency-domain transmitted signals are converted into time-domain signals by IDFT units A1005-1 and A1005-2, and then converted into serial signals by the P/S converters A1006-1 and A1006-2. Then, cyclic prefixes are inserted into the serial signals by the CP (Cyclic Prefix) inserter A1007-1 and A1007-2. Then, the serial signals are converted into analog signals by the D/A converters A1008-1 and A1008-2. Finally, the analog signals are upconverted into radio frequency signals by radio units A1009-1 and A1009-2, and transmitted from transmission antennas 1010-1 and 1010-2.
Regarding the reception device shown in
As an equalization method performed by the signal equalizer A1106, MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error)-based equalization is used. Generally, a tap minimizing an evaluation function J shown in an expression (107) is calculated in MMSE equalization.
J=E[|WHr−s|2] (107)
In an expression (107), E[x] denotes a mean value of x. W denotes a complex tap matrix including column vectors each being an optimal tap vector for each symbol included in DFT-S-OFDM symbols. r denotes a complex-time-domain received signal vector. s denotes a time-domain transmitted signal vector. AH denotes a Hermitian transpose of a matrix A. In this case, an optimal tap coefficient W is called a Wiener solution expressed by an expression (108).
W=H(HHH+σ2I)−1 (108)
In the expression (108), H denotes a time-domain channel matrix. σ2 denotes noise variance. I denotes a unit matrix. Particularly when a frequency-domain signal operation is performed, a matrix having diagonal elements identical to frequency responses calculated by use of Fourier transform from channel impulse responses may be used as a channel matrix. Therefore, when frequency-domain received signals are used, the tap coefficients expressed by the expression (108) can be transformed as the following expression (109) where Ξ denotes channel frequency responses.
W=FHΞ(ΞΞH+σ2I)−1F (109)
In the expression (109), F denotes a matrix for performing DFT and FH denotes a matrix for performing inverse DFT. When a time-domain received signal r is multiplied by the tap matrix, the equalized received signal z can be expressed as an expression (110).
z=FHΞ(ΞΞH+σ2I)−1Fr=FHΞ(ΞΞH+σ−2I)−1R (110)
In the above expression, R=Fr, i.e., R denotes the received signal r converted by DFT into a frequency-domain signal. According to the expression (110), when a normal received signal is input and equalized in the frequency domain, the received signal is converted by DFT, multiplied by a Hermitian transpose of a matrix obtained by removing both FH and F of the expression (109), and then converted by IDFT into a time-domain signal again. Accordingly, a normal MMSE filter receives a frequency-domain received signal and a channel frequency response, and outputs a signal equalized in the frequency domain.
On the other hand, when a reception device is configured to include a canceller, such as SC/MMSE (Soft Canceller followed by MMSE), which performs repeated operation, interference waves are cancelled from received signals by use of replicas of signals generated based on the reliability of bits received from the decoder, and thereby the precision of signals input to the equalizer. Accordingly, signals input to the equalizer differ for each repletion operation. For this reason, the term corresponding to the received signal r of the evaluation function expressed by the expression (107) becomes one generated by signals other than desired signals being cancelled. Therefore, the equalized signal can be expressed as an expression (111).
z=(1+γδ)−1[γsrep(k)+FHΨRrest] (111)
In the expression (111), Rrest denotes a residual that remains without being cancelled and is generated by subtracting, from actual time-domain received signals, replicas of the received signals generated by multiplying replicas of the time-domain signals by channel characteristics. srep(k) denotes a replica of a transmitted signal for the k-th sample. γ and δ are real numbers used when tap coefficients are calculated. Similarly, Ψ denotes a complex square matrix having the size of the DFT-S-OFDM symbol length, which is used when tap coefficients are calculated. These are calculated by use of the frequency-domain channel characteristics and the replicas of frequency-domain signals (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Since a replica is not input in the first operation in the expression (111) (i.e., srep(k)=0), this case is a case of the optimal tap in the expression (107), and therefore the expression (111) becomes identical to the expression (109).
Accordingly, in the case of SC/MMSE equalization, a frequency-domain residual is input as an input signal, a replica of a time-domain signal and frequency-domain channel characteristics are input, and then a time-domain signal is output. As shown in the expression (111), the operation of canceling elements other than desired elements is performed by firstly calculating the residual Rrest, and then reconfiguring the desired elements by use of the replicas of the transmitted signals and the channel characteristics. Consequently, the desired elements can be uniquely expressed among the DFT-S-OFDM symbols. Further, the same residual Rrest can be used for the DFT-S-OFDM symbols, thereby enabling a reduction in the amount of calculation including inverse matrix calculation.
[Non-Patent Document 1] “A Study on Broadband Single Carrier Transmission Technique using Dynamic Spectrum Control,” RCS 2006, January 2007.
[Non-Patent Document 2] M. Tuchler and J. Hagenauer, “Linear time and frequency domain turbo equalization,” Proc. VTC, pp. 2773-2777, Rhodes, Greece, October 2001.
[Non-Patent Document 3] “A Study on Dynamic Spectrum Control based Co-Channel Interference Suppression Technique for Multi-User MIMO Systems,” Proceedings of the IEICE General Conference in 2006, March, 2007.
Regarding the conventional multi-user or single-user MIMO, as explained above, transmission has been performed from multiple antennas using selected frequencies. In this case, control has been performed such that all channels between multiple transmission systems and multiple reception systems are considered, and subcarriers having relatively good channel conditions among the considered channels are used (or users are allocated). Specifically, in a case of 2×2 MIMO transmission (which may be any one of multi-user and single-user MIMO) including transmission antennas Tx1 and Tx2 and reception antennas Rx1 and Rx2, all of four channels H11, H21, H12, and H22 are considered, subcarriers having relatively good channel conditions are selected for both transmission antennas Tx1 and Tx2, and then different data is simultaneously transmitted from the transmission antennas Tx1 and Tx2. This is because signals transmitted from multiple transmission antennas interfere with one another in the case of MIMO transmission, and therefore all channels have to be considered to select subcarriers having good conditions.
When SC-ASA is adapted to the MIMO transmission, however, a selection by such a control does not achieve the highest diversity effect, thereby causing a problem that excellent frequency utilization efficiency cannot be achieved. In other words, SC-ASA is generally a scheme in which optimal subcarriers are selected for each transmission device (transmission antenna), and then the selected subcarriers are transmitted, thereby achieving a high diversity effect and therefore enhancing the frequency utilization efficiency. When SC-ASA is adapted to the conventional MIMO transmission (multi-user or single user MIMO) as explained above, optimal subcarriers are not selected independently for each transmission antenna, thereby causing a problem that excellent frequency utilization efficiency cannot be achieved.
Conventionally, when transmission is performed by multiple transmission devices using SC-ASA, subcarriers are allocated to the transmission devices so that the same frequency is not used by two or more transmission devices. For this reason, even if subcarriers have good received SNR or SINR for one transmission device, and if the subcarriers have been already allocated to another transmission device, the former transmission device cannot use the subcarriers. Thus, even if subcarriers having good received SNR or SINR are included in a transmittable band, and if the subcarriers are used by another device, the subcarriers cannot be used, thereby causing a decrease in the frequency utilization efficiency and causing a problem that excellent frequency utilization efficiency cannot be achieved.
A problem to be solved is that excellent frequency utilization efficiency has to be achieved even when SC-ASA is adapted to transmission from multiple transmission devices or MIMO transmission.
(1) A radio communication system of the present invention includes: a transmission device including a plurality of transmission antennas for transmitting a transmitted signal which is subjected to frequency spreading and allocated onto subcarriers; and a reception device including a plurality of reception antennas for receiving the transmitted signal. The subcarriers transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas are independently determined based on a channel capacity for each of the subcarriers transmitted between each of the plurality of transmission antennas and each of the plurality of reception antennas or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity.
(2) A radio communication system of the present invention includes: a plurality of first radio communication devices; and a second radio communication device that communicates with the plurality of first radio communication devices. Each of the first radio communication devices includes: a frequency spreading unit that performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal to generate a frequency spread signal; and a mapping unit that allocates the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers based on mapping information for specifying the subcarriers. The second radio communication device includes: a demapping unit that extracts a signal corresponding to the subcarriers specified by the mapping information from received signals; and an inverse frequency-spreading unit that performs inverse frequency spreading on the signal extracted. Any one of the first and second radio communication devices includes a subcarrier determining unit that determines, based on a channel capacity for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of a plurality of transmission antennas used by a corresponding one of the plurality of the first radio communication devices or a value corresponding to the channel capacity, subcarriers onto which the frequency spread signal to be transmitted from the plurality of transmission antennas is allocated, and generates the mapping information specifying the determined subcarriers.
(3) Regarding the radio communication system, each of the plurality of first radio communication devices includes: a cyclic prefix inserter that adds a cyclic prefix to the signal allocated by the mapping unit onto the subcarriers.
(4) Regarding the radio communication system, some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers determined by the subcarrier determining unit are allocated to the plurality of transmission antennas.
(5) Regarding the radio communication system, each of the first radio communication devices comprises a plurality of antennas, and the subcarrier determining unit generates mapping information specifying subcarriers to be transmitted from each of the plurality of antennas.
(6) Regarding the radio communication system, the subcarrier determining unit sets the number of the overlapping subcarriers allocated to the plurality of transmission antennas to be equal to or less than the number of reception antennas used by the second radio communication device.
(7) Regarding the radio communication system, the channel capacity is a channel capacity Cm(k) for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas, the channel capacity Cm(k) being expressed as:
where m is the transmission antenna number, k is the subcarrier number, NT is the number of the plurality of transmission antennas, ES is transmission energy of one of the plurality of first radio communication devices, ξm(k) is a channel vector corresponding to a k-th subcarrier transmitted from an m-th transmission antenna, and Σm(k) is interference noise power corresponding to the k-th subcarrier transmitted from the m-th transmission antenna.
(8) Regarding the radio communication system, the value corresponding to the channel capacity is a ratio of received signal power to interference-and-noise power for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas.
(9) Regarding the radio communication system, the second radio communication device includes: a channel estimator that performs channel estimation with respect to a channel between each of the plurality of transmission antennas used by the corresponding one of the plurality of the first radio communication devices and each of a plurality of reception antennas used by the second radio communication device; a channel reconfiguring unit that extracts, from channel estimation results obtained by the channel estimator, channel estimation results corresponding to the subcarriers specified by the mapping information; and an equalizer that equalizes a signal based on the channel estimation results extracted by the channel reconfiguring unit, and the inverse frequency-spreading unit performs inverse frequency spreading on the signal that is equalized by the equalizer and extracted by the demapping unit.
(10) Regarding the radio communication system, the channel reconfiguring unit generates, for each of the subcarriers specified by the mapping information, a virtual-subchannel estimation result that is a combination of channel estimation results each corresponding to one of the plurality of transmission antennas used by the corresponding one of the plurality of the first radio communication devices, the channel estimation results combined being extracted from the channel estimation results obtained by the channel estimator.
(11) Regarding the radio communication system, the channel reconfiguring unit generates, for each of the plurality of transmission antennas used by the corresponding one of the plurality of the first radio communication devices, a virtual subchannel including a group of subcarriers transmitted from the plurality of transmission antennas, and extracts a virtual-subchannel estimation result.
(12) Regarding the radio communication system, the channel reconfiguring unit generates a plurality of virtual-subchannel estimation results, the number of which equals the number of reception antennas used by the second radio communication device.
(13) Regarding the radio communication system, the channel reconfiguring unit combines a plurality of virtual-subchannel estimation results to generate a virtual-subchannel estimation result to be used for equalization performed by the equalizer.
(14) Regarding the radio communication system, each of the plurality of first radio communication devices includes: an encoder that performs error correction coding on transmission data; and the frequency spreading unit that performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal subjected to the error correction coding performed by the encoder to generate a frequency spread signal. The second radio communication device includes: a decoder that performs error correction decoding on the signal subjected to the inverse frequency spreading performed by the inverse frequency-spreading unit; a replica generator that generates a replica of the transmitted signal based on a result of the error correction decoding performed by the decoder; a replica frequency-spreading unit that performs frequency spreading on the replica of the transmitted signal to generate a replica of the frequency-spread signal; a replica mapping unit that generates, from the replica of the frequency-spread signal, a received signal replica for each of virtual subchannels combined by the channel reconfiguring unit; a canceller that cancels interference elements from the received signals using the received signal replica for each of the virtual subchannels combined by the channel reconfiguring unit; and a repetition controller that controls the repeated number of repeated operations including operations of the equalizer, the demapping unit, the inverse frequency-spreading unit, the decoder, the replica generator, the replica frequency-spreading unit, the replica mapping unit, and the canceller.
(15) Regarding the radio communication system, the canceller cancels the interference elements by subtracting replicas of all the received signals from the received signals and then adding the received signal replica of a desired one of the virtual subchannels to a result of the subtraction.
(16) Regarding the radio communication system, the equalizer uses, based on the repeated number, a different virtual subchannel to perform the repeated operations.
(17) Regarding the radio communication system, when the equalizer uses a different virtual subchannel based on the repeated number, the equalizer preferably uses, in a second-or-later repeated operation, a virtual subchannel identical to a channel including a combination of subcarriers used by the plurality of transmission antennas.
(18) Regarding the radio communication system, if the number of overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers determined by the subcarrier determining unit, the overlapping subcarriers being allocated to the plurality of transmission antennas used by the plurality of the first radio communication devices, is greater than the number of the plurality of reception antennas used by the second radio communication device, the channel reconfiguring unit generates different virtual-subchannel estimation results, the number of the different virtual-subchannel estimation results equaling the number of the overlapping subcarriers.
(19) A radio communication method of the present invention is a radio communication method for a radio communication system including a plurality of first radio communication devices, and a second radio communication device communicating with the plurality of first radio communication devices. The radio communication method includes: a first step of the first or second radio communication device determining, based on a channel capacity for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of a plurality of transmission antennas used by a corresponding one of the plurality of first radio communication devices or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity, subcarriers onto which a frequency spread signal to be transmitted from the corresponding one of the plurality of transmission antennas is allocated, and generates the mapping information specifying the determined subcarriers; a second step of the first radio communication device performing frequency spreading on a transmitted signal to generate a frequency spread signal; a third step of the first radio communication device allocating the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers based on mapping information for specifying the subcarriers, and transmitting the subcarriers; a fourth step of the second radio communication device extracting a signal corresponding to the subcarriers specified by the mapping information from received signals; and a fifth step of the second radio communication device performing inverse frequency spreading on the signal extracted.
(20) A radio communication device of the present invention includes: a subcarrier determining unit that determines, based on a channel capacity for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of a plurality of transmission antennas or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity, subcarriers onto which a frequency spread signal to be transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas is allocated, and generates the mapping information specifying the subcarriers determined; a frequency spreading unit that performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal to generate the frequency spread signal; and a mapping unit that allocates the frequency spread signal onto the subcarriers based on the mapping information.
(21) A program of the present invention has a computer included in a radio communication device function as: a subcarrier determining unit that determines, based on a channel capacity for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of a plurality of transmission antennas or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity, subcarriers onto which a frequency spread signal to be transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas is allocated, and generates mapping information specifying the subcarriers determined; a frequency spreading unit that performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal to generate the frequency spread signal; and a mapping unit that allocates the frequency spread signal onto the subcarriers based on the mapping information.
(22) A radio communication device of the present invention communicates with a plurality of other radio communication devices each transmitting a frequency spread signal allocated onto subcarriers. The radio communication device includes: a subcarrier determining unit that determines, based on a channel capacity for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of a plurality of transmission antennas used by the plurality of other radio communication devices or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity, subcarriers onto which a frequency spread signal to be transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas is allocated, and generates the mapping information specifying the determined subcarriers; a demapping unit that extracts a signal corresponding to the subcarriers specified by the mapping information from received signals; and an inverse frequency-spreading unit that performs inverse frequency spreading on the signal extracted.
(23) A program of the present invention has a computer, which is included in a radio communication device communicating with a plurality of other radio communication devices each transmitting a frequency spread signal allocated onto subcarriers, function as: a subcarrier determining unit that determines, based on a channel capacity for each of subcarriers transmitted from each of a plurality of transmission antennas used by the plurality of other radio communication devices or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity, subcarriers onto which a frequency spread signal to be transmitted from each of the plurality of transmission antennas is allocated, and generates mapping information specifying the determined subcarriers; a demapping unit that extracts a signal corresponding to the subcarriers specified by the mapping information from received signals; and an inverse frequency-spreading unit that performs inverse frequency spreading on the signal extracted.
(24) A radio communication system of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmission devices each including a plurality of transmission antennas for transmitting a transmitted signal which is subjected to frequency spreading and allocated onto subcarriers; and a reception device including a plurality of reception antennas for receiving the transmitted signal. The subcarriers for transmitting the frequency spread signal are independently selected based on a channel capacity for each of the subcarriers transmitted between each of the plurality of transmission antennas and each of the plurality of reception antennas or on a value corresponding to the channel capacity, so that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices.
(25) A radio communication system of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmission devices each transmitting a transmitted signal which is subjected to frequency spreading and allocated onto subcarriers; and a reception device receiving the transmitted signal. Each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal onto the subcarriers such that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices.
(26) A radio communication system of the present invention includes: a plurality of transmission devices each transmitting a transmitted signal which is subjected to frequency spreading and allocated onto subcarriers; and a reception device receiving the transmitted signal. Each of the plurality of transmission devices includes: an encoder that performs error correction coding on transmission data to generate encoded data; a frequency spreading unit that performs frequency spreading on a signal generated from the encoded data to generate a frequency spread signal; a spectral mapping unit that allocates the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers based on spectrum allocation information specifying subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal, the spectrum allocation information indicating that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices. The reception device includes a spectral demapping unit that extracts, based on the spectrum allocation information, a signal corresponding to the subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal from the transmitted signal received.
(27) Regarding the radio communication system, the reception device includes: a signal canceller that cancels, from the signal extracted by the spectral demapping unit, at least replicas of the transmitted signals interfering with a desired one of the transmitted signals; an equalizer that detects the transmitted signal transmitted by a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission devices from an output of the signal canceller; a demodulator that extracts information concerning the encoded data from the transmitted signal detected; a decoder that performs error correction decoding on the information extracted and updates the information; and a replica generator that generates replicas of the transmitted signals based on the information updated.
(28) Regarding the radio communication system, each of the plurality of transmission devices further includes: an inverse time-frequency converter that converts the frequency spread signal allocated by the spectral mapping unit onto the subcarriers into a time signal; and a cyclic prefix inserter that adds a cyclic prefix to the time signal converted by the inverse time-frequency converter. The reception device further includes: a cyclic prefix remover that extracts a valid signal from the transmitted signals received; and a time-frequency converter that performs time-to-frequency conversion on the valid signal extracted by the cyclic prefix remover. The spectral demapping unit extracts a signal corresponding to the subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal from the valid signal converted by the time-frequency converter.
(29) Regarding the radio communication system, each of the plurality of transmission devices further includes: a first interleaver that arranges the encoded data generated by the encoder. The reception device further includes: a deinterleaver that returns the arrangement of the information concerning the encoded data, which is extracted by the demodulator, in a reverse order of the arrangement performed by the first interleaver; and a second interleaver that arranges the updated information concerning the encoded data in the same order of the arrangement performed by the first interleaver.
(30) Regarding the radio communication system, the reception device includes: a spectrum-allocation determining unit that determines allocation of subcarriers for each of the plurality of transmission devices, and generates spectrum allocation information indicating results of the determination; and a transmitter that transmits the spectrum allocation information. Each of the plurality of the transmission devices includes: a receiver that receives the spectrum allocation information transmitted from the reception device.
(31) Regarding the radio communication system, the frequency spreading is performed by Fourier transform to convert the transmitted signal that is a time-domain signal into a frequency signal.
(32) Regarding the radio communication system, the frequency spreading is performed by multiplying the transmitted signal by a spreading code.
(33) Regarding the radio communication system, at least one of an encoding rate, a modulation scheme, and a transmission power differs for each of the plurality of the transmission devices.
(34) Regarding the radio communication system, the maximum value of a rate of the overlapping subcarriers is determined based on a signal-to-noise ratio measured by the reception device.
(35) Regarding the radio communication system, each of the transmission devices performs transmission using the overlapping subcarriers having the rate equal to or less than the maximum value.
(36) Regarding the radio communication system, the spectrum-allocation determining unit that changes the allocation of subcarriers for each of the plurality of transmission devices at a predetermined time interval.
(37) A reception device of the present invention communicates with a plurality of transmission devices each of which performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal generated from encoded data generated by performing error correction coding on information data, and allocates the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers to be transmitted so that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices. The reception device includes: a time-frequency converter that performs time-to-frequency conversion on received signals; a spectral demapping unit that extracts, from the received signals, a signal corresponding to the subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of the transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal based on spectrum allocation information specifying subcarriers onto which the frequency spread signal is to be allocated; a signal canceller that cancels, from the signal extracted by the spectral demapping unit, at least replicas of the transmitted signals interfering with a desired one of the transmitted signals; an equalizer that detects the transmitted signal transmitted by a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission devices from an output of the signal canceller; a demodulator that extracts information concerning the encoded data from the transmitted signal detected; a decoder that performs error correction decoding on the information extracted and updates the information; and a replica generator that generates replicas of the transmitted signals based on the information updated.
(38) A reception device of the present invention communicates with a plurality of transmission devices each of which performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal generated from encoded data generated by performing error correction coding on information data, allocates the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers to be transmitted with a cyclic prefix added so that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices. The reception device includes: a cyclic prefix remover that extracts a valid signal from received signals; a time-frequency converter that performs time-to-frequency conversion on the valid signal extracted by the cyclic prefix remover; a spectral demapping unit that extracts a signal corresponding to the subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal from the valid signal converted by the time-frequency converter based on spectrum allocation information specifying subcarriers to which the frequency spread signal is to be allocated; a signal canceller that cancels, from the signal extracted by the spectral demapping unit, at least replicas of the transmitted signals interfering with a desired one of the transmitted signals; an equalizer that detects the transmitted signal transmitted by a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission devices from an output of the signal canceller; a demodulator that extracts information concerning the encoded data from the transmitted signal detected; a decoder that performs error correction decoding on the information extracted and updates the information; and a replica generator that generates replicas of the transmitted signals based on the information updated.
(39) A reception device of the present invention communicates with a plurality of transmission devices each of which performs error correction coding on transmission data, interleaves the encoded data to generate a transmitted signal, performs frequency spreading on the transmitted signal, and allocates the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers to be transmitted so that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices. The reception device includes: a time-frequency converter that performs time-to-frequency conversion on received signals; a spectral demapping unit that extracts a signal corresponding to the subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal from the received signals converted by the time-frequency converter based on spectrum allocation information specifying subcarriers to which the frequency spread signal is to be allocated; a signal canceller that cancels, from the signal extracted by the spectral demapping unit, at least replicas of the transmitted signals interfering with a desired one of the transmitted signals; an equalizer that detects the transmitted signal transmitted by a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission devices from an output of the signal canceller; a demodulator that extracts information concerning the encoded data from the transmitted signal detected; a deinterleaver that returns arrangement of the information concerning the encoded data, which is extracted by the demodulator, in a reverse order of the interleaving performed by each of the plurality of transmission devices; a decoder that performs error correction decoding on the information, the arrangement of which is returned by the deinterleaver, and updates the information; and a replica generator that generates replicas of the transmitted signals based on the information concerning the encoded data interleaved by each of the plurality of transmission devices.
(40) Regarding any one of the above reception devices, the information concerning the encoded data is reliability of the encoded data, and the replica generator generates replicas based on the reliability of the encoded data.
(41) Any one of the above reception devices further includes a repetition controller that controls repeated operations including generation of replicas performed by the replica generator and cancelling of interfering replica signals performed by the canceller.
(42) Regarding the reception device, the equalizer changes the transmitted signal to be equalized based on the repeated number of times.
(43) Regarding the reception device, the equalizer preferentially equalizes the transmitted signal that is easy to be detected.
(44) Regarding any one of the above reception devices, the replica generator generates replicas of interfering transmitted signals as frequency-domain signals, and the signal canceller cancels at least the replicas of the interfering transmitted signals from the signal extracted by the spectral demapping unit.
(45) Regarding any one of the above reception devices, the replica generator generates replicas of interfering transmitted signals as time-domain signals, and the signal canceller cancels at least the replicas of the interfering transmitted signals from the received signals subjected to the time-to-frequency conversion.
(46) Any one of the above reception devices further includes an interference spectrum selector that generates replicas of interfering transmitted signals.
(47) A program of the present invention has a computer, which is included in a reception device communicating with a plurality of transmission devices each of which performs frequency spreading on a transmitted signal generated from encoded data generated by performing error correction coding on information data, allocates the frequency spread signal onto subcarriers to be transmitted so that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices, function as: a time-frequency converter that performs time-to-frequency conversion on received signals; a spectrum demapping unit that extracts, from the received signals, a signal corresponding to the subcarriers onto which each of the plurality of the transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal based on spectrum allocation information specifying subcarriers onto which the frequency spread signal is to be allocated; a signal canceller that cancels, from the signal extracted by the spectral demapping unit, at least replicas of the transmitted signals interfering with a desired one of the transmitted signals; an equalizer that detects the transmitted signal transmitted by a corresponding one of the plurality of transmission devices from an output of the signal canceller; a demodulator that extracts information concerning encoded data from the transmitted signal detected; a decoder that performs error correction decoding on the information extracted and updates the information; and a replica generator that generates replicas of the transmitted signals based on the information updated.
(48) A radio communication method of the present invention is a radio communication method for a radio communication system including a plurality of transmission devices each transmitting subcarriers onto which a transmitted signal subjected to frequency spreading is allocated, and a reception device receiving the transmitted signal. Each of the plurality of transmission devices allocates the frequency spread signal onto the subcarriers such that some overlapping subcarriers of the subcarriers are allocated to the plurality of transmission devices.
According to the present invention, even when SC-ASA is adapted to transmission from multiple transmission devices or MIMO transmission, adequate subcarriers can be selected, and thereby excellent frequency utilization efficiency can be achieved.
A first embodiment explains a method of determining subcarriers used for transmitting data from respective antennas based on channel conditions for respective subcarriers and for respective antennas. A radio communication system of the first embodiment includes multiple mobile station devices and a base station device. The base station device is a reception device of the first embodiment. The mobile station device is a transmission device of the first embodiment. The number of mobile station devices simultaneously connected to the base station device is two. The number of transmission antennas included in each mobile station device is also two. Signals are transmitted from a total of four transmission antennas.
A transmission method used by the mobile station device is DFT-S-OFDM. The total number of subcarriers is 32. The number of subcarriers used for each antenna of each mobile station device is 16. The number of reception antennas of the base station device is also two. To demultiplex a signal received by the two antennas for each transmission antenna, it is assumed in the first embodiment that any two of the total of four transmission antennas are used for simultaneously transmitting signals on one subcarrier.
In the expression (1′), E[x] denotes an ensemble mean, and ∥x∥ denotes a norm of a vector x.
The expression (1) denotes channel capacity for each subcarrier to be transmitted from each transmission antenna at the time of SIMO (Single Input Multi Output) transmission. This expression can be used as a criterion for selecting subcarriers to be used when all interference elements among signals transmitted from the respective transmission antennas can be cancelled by an operation on a receiving side that will be explained later. Such a case is called a complete convergence state of reception processing, and can achieve reception characteristics at the time of SIMO transmission. Accordingly, transmission subcarriers are selected independently for each transmission antenna based on the expression (1), thereby achieving a diversity effect that is more flexible and higher than that achieved by the conventional selection method.
The function g initializes all values to 0. By performing the operation shown in the flowchart of
The condition of step S4 that the number is 1 or less depends on the aforementioned assumption that the maximum number of antennas assigned to the same subcarrier is set to two. If it is determined in step S4 that the number is 1 or less, and if assignment can be still performed (S4: YES), then g(x, y)=1 in step S5 and a fact that assignment has been done is reflected in the function g. In step S6, the number of the function g having the value of 1 is counted and compared to 64. Since this value is incremented by 1, the time when the value becomes 64 indicates completion of all assignments. It is noted that 64=the number of subcarriers used for each antenna (16)×the total number of antennas of mobile station devices simultaneously connected to the base station devices (4).
If two antennas have already been assigned in step S4 and if it is determined in step S6 that assignment is still required, a value of the function f with respect to elements x and y currently selected in step S7 is set to −100. The value of −100 has no significant meaning and indicates that the value is changed to a small value so that the same elements are not selected again in step S2.
A result of the selection performed in this manner is shown in
Although an antenna for transmitting a subcarrier is determined here based on only channel conditions without setting likelihoods to all antennas, if there is a large difference in channel conditions between the first and second mobile station devices, one of the mobile station devices cannot always select subcarriers having good channel conditions. To cope with this situation, the function f is provided for each mobile station device so that each mobile station device sequentially selects a subcarrier.
Although the result of the calculation by the expression (1) is used as a value of the function f in the above case, alternatively, a channel condition (channel gain), SINR (Signal to Interference Noise Ratio) (this interference means unknown interference elements received from an adjacent cell or the like), or the like for each transmission antenna and for each subcarrier may be substituted as a value of the function f. However, two channels are present for one transmission antenna in the first embodiment (since the base station device has two reception antennas). For this reason, channel conditions or SINRs monitored by the two reception antennas are added or averaged for each subcarrier to be used as each element of the function f. Even when a simple criterion such as an average of SINR for each reception antenna is used, a subcarrier to be transmitted can be selected independently for each transmission antenna similarly to the case of using the expression (1).
Since it is assumed that two transmission antennas are included in the following circuit, there are two systems (x-1 and x-2). A reference numeral 4 denotes a DFT unit that performs DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) on the modulated signals received from the S/P converter 3 for frequency spreading. Reference numerals 5-1 and 5-2 denote mapping units that allocate the signals subjected to the frequency spreading performed by the DFT units 4-1 and 4-2 onto subcarriers to be used based on the mapping information received by the receiver 11 from the base station device, respectively. Subcarriers are specified independently for the mapping units 5-1 and 5-2, which are subcarriers calculated by the function g. “0” is input to subcarriers onto which no data is mapped.
Reference numerals 6-1 and 6-2 are IDFT units that perform IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) on the signals mapped onto subcarriers by the mapping units 5-1 and 5-2, respectively. Reference numerals 7-1 and 7-2 are GI inserters that insert guard intervals into the outputs of the IDFT units 6-1 and 6-2, respectively. The GI inserters 7-1 and 7-2 copy the last part of the input data to a GI section, which is called a cyclic prefix. The reason that a cyclic prefix is used is explained here. Waves to be subjected to DFT in the DFT section are required to have a period that is an integral multiple of one period of a periodical function. For this reason, if delayed-wave elements are present in multipath channels, the functional periodicity of the delayed-wave elements of the received signal collapses on the receiving side. Consequently, the received signal cannot be demultiplexed into subcarriers by DFT, and therefore subcarriers cannot be independently processed.
On the other hand, if a cyclic prefix corresponding to the maximum delay time of the channel is preliminarily inserted on the transmitting side, the cyclic prefix is removed on the receiving side so that the functional periodicity with respect to the delayed elements can be maintained. Consequently, each subcarrier can be independently processed. In other words, even if each subcarrier is allocated to an arbitral frequency, the subcarrier can be reproduced on the receiving side.
Reference numerals 8-1 and 8-2 are P/S (Parallel/Serial) converters that convert the outputs of the GI inserters 7-1 and 7-2, which are parallel data, into serial data, respectively. Reference numerals 9-1 and 9-2 are D/A (Digital/Analog) converters that convert the outputs of the P/S converters 8-1 and 8-2, which are digital data, into analog data. Reference numerals 10-1 and 10-2 are RF (Radio Frequency) units that convert data into a frequency band to be transmitted. The first and second independent antennas are connected to the RF units 10-1 and 10-2, respectively. Although one encoder 1 is used for multiple transmitted signals in the first embodiment, different encoders may be used for respective signals transmitted from the transmission antennas.
As shown in
According to the configuration, transmission of data is enabled according to allocation of subcarriers determined for each antenna based on the flow shown in
Hereinafter, operations of the mapping units 5-1 and 5-2 are explained to explain the state of mapping onto subcarriers with reference to the user 1 shown in
Although subcarriers to be used are determined based on the control flow shown in
Explanations of the base station device will be given in the following embodiments.
According to the first embodiment, transmission subcarriers are selected independently for each transmission antenna as in the flowchart shown in
The second embodiment explains a configuration of a reception device to which SC/MMSE (Soft Canceller/MMSE)-technique is applied, in which with respect to single-user-MIMO-and-multi-user-MIMO-mixed signals subjected to the spatial-and-spectral mapping of the present invention, replicas of received signals are generated based on the reliability of demodulated data, unnecessary interference (replicas) are subtracted from the received signals, and then a series of operations, such as equalization and demodulation, is repeated, thereby gradually increasing the reliability of the demodulated data.
Similar to the first embodiment, it is assumed in the second embodiment that the number of mobile station devices simultaneously connected to the base station device is two. The number of transmission antennas included in each mobile station device is also two. Signals are transmitted from a total of four transmission antennas. A transmission method used by the mobile station device is DFT-S-OFDM. The total number of subcarriers is 32. The number of subcarriers used for each antenna of each mobile station device is 16. The number of reception antennas of the base station device is also two. To demultiplex a signal received by the two antennas for each transmission antenna, it is assumed in the second embodiment that any two of the total of four transmission antennas are used for simultaneously transmitting signals on one subcarrier.
Regarding the base station device 510 shown in
If a perfect replica (transmitted signal) is generated, an output of the canceller 114 includes only noise elements. This calculation can be expressed as an expression (2) where R denotes a reception-data vector received by the two antennas, E denotes a virtual channel matrix (a matrix generated by the channel reconfiguring unit 221 mapping, based on the mapping information, channel variations estimated by the channel estimators 112 and 113), and S′ denotes a replica of a pseudo transmission-data vector (generated by replica generators 133 and 134 to the spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141 as will be explained later) generated by gathering signals to be transmitted from all the transmission antennas into one vector.
Q=R−ΞS′ (2)
In the above expression, Q denotes a vector indicative of an output of the canceller 114 (residual after cancelling) at the time of the second-or-more repeated operation. R, Ξ, and S′ are expressed as the following expressions (3) to (5).
The reason that all replicas (ΞS′) including desired signals to be extracted are cancelled is that the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115 that will be explained later performs an inverse matrix calculation, and therefore the inverse matrix calculation has to be performed a number of times corresponding to the number of desired signals included in a block if cancelling and equalization are repeated without cancelling the desired signals. On the other hand, if the residual Q after cancelling all the replicas is input, the residual can be equally treated in the block, and therefore all weights can be calculated with one inverse calculation for the block. For this reason, the replica is independently input and reconfigured to decrease the amount of the inverse calculation. However, a replica of the received signal cannot be generated for the first operation. In this case, the reception-data vector (R) passes through the canceller 114 as it is.
The signal output from the canceller 114 is input to the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115, and then subjected to equalization using frequency-domain signals. If the repeated operation is performed, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115 performs equalization on an output (Q) of the canceller 114 to which a replica of the received signal for each transmission-data vector is added. The transmission-data vector targeted for the equalization performed by the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115 when the spatial-and-spectral mapping of the present invention is performed is not a transmission data stream in the case of normal single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO, i.e., transmission data for each transmission antenna or for each mobile station device, but is a data stream generated by demultiplexing two signals actually multiplexed into one spectrum irrespective of transmission sources and then gathering those demultiplexed signals with respect to the entire spectrum.
For example, it is assumed that spatial-and-spectral mapping as shown in
Hereinafter, the two virtual signal streams are called a pseudo transmission-data vector 1 (the signal stream expressed by the shaded blocks B1 to B4 shown in
ΞT1 and ΞT2 are virtual channel matrices generated under the assumption that the respective transmission-data vectors are regarded as a signal transmitted from one antenna, which are used for equalizing the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2, respectively. Since ΞT1 and ΞT2 are a part of the virtual channel matrix Ξ, these matrices are hereinafter called “virtual subchannel matrices”. These virtual subchannel matrices are obtained by channel estimation values for each combination of transmission-and-reception antennas, which are obtained by the channel estimators 112 and 113, being mapped based on the spectral mapping information. In the second embodiment, these virtual subchannel matrices are generated by the channel reconfiguring unit 145.
Hereinafter, an operation of the channel reconfiguring unit 145 is explained. The channel reconfiguring unit 145 receives channel estimation information from each reception antenna. The information to be received is a channel response for each subcarrier with respect to each transmission-and-reception antenna. Since it is assumed in the second embodiment that the number of transmission antennas required to be simultaneously processed is 4 (the number of users 2×the number of antennas 2), the number of antennas is 2, and the number of subcarriers is 4, a total of 32 frequency responses are received. Channel information Ξr1 received from the channel estimator 112 connected to the antenna 100 can be expressed as an expression (8). Channel information Ξr2 received from the channel estimator 113 connected to the antenna 101 can be expressed as an expression (9) (where transmission antennas of the user 1 are denoted as transmission antennas 1 and 2, and transmission antennas of the user 2 are denoted as transmission antennas 3 and 4).
The channel reconfiguring unit 145 generates the virtual channel matrix Ξ and the virtual subchannel matrices ΞT1 and ΞT2. Hereinafter, a method of generating the virtual channel matrix is explained first. A masking vector MV by which the expressions (8) and (9) are multiplied is generated based on mapping information, i.e., usage of subcarriers for each antenna shown in
If “. *” denotes products of respective elements of two matrices,
It is assumed that D0U(A) denotes a calculation of removing 0 elements from a matrix A, and then upwardly shifting elements. If the calculation of D0U(A) is performed on the expressions (11) and (12),
The virtual channel matrix Ξ can be calculated by diagonalizing a 4×4 square matrix using each column vector shown in the expressions (13) and (14) (an example where one row of the expression (13) is diagonalized is shown as a matrix (15)), by connecting square matrices generated from the same expression in the column direction to generate a 4×8 square matrix (an example where diagonalized matrices generated from the expression (13) are connected is shown as an expression (16)), and by connecting the 4×8 square matrix in the row direction.
The 8×4 matrix that is the left half of the virtual channel matrix Ξ and the 8×4 matrix that is the right half thereof are virtual subchannel matrices.
Although the case where a matrix is sequentially transformed to generate the virtual channel matrix is shown here, the virtual channel matrix Ξ may be generated by storing Ξr1 and Ξr2 in memory and changing the order of reading memory according to mapping information.
At the time of the repeated operations, equalization is performed instead of using the reception-data vector shown in the expression (3), using the residual (Q) after the cancelling shown in the expression (2), and the signals, which are reconverted by IDFT units 142 and 143 into time domain signals for each pseudo transmission-data vector after the DFT units 137 to 140 convert time-domain replicas into frequency-domain replicas and the spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141 performs mapping. In this case, replicas of the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2 to be input to the IDFT units 142 and 143 can be expressed as the following expressions. In the following expressions, S′T1 denotes the pseudo transmission-data vector 1 (shaded signal stream B1 to B4 shown in
In the above expressions, γTn and δTn denote real numbers used when tap coefficients are calculated. Similarly, ΨTn denotes a complex square matrix having a size of the DFT block length, which are used when tap coefficients are calculated. zTn denotes a signal for each pseudo transmission-data vector, which is output from the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115. n of the suffix Tn corresponds to the number of the pseudo transmission-data vector, which is 1 or 2 in the second embodiment.
Thus, the mixed signals to be transmitted from multiple transmission antennas are regarded as pseudo transmission data, thereby enabling equalization using the expression (22) even when the spatial-and-spectral mapping of the present invention is performed. In this case, signals equalized in the time domain are output from the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115 for each pseudo transmission data.
The signals equalized for each pseudo transmission data are input to the DFT units 116 and 117, converted into frequency-domain signals, and then input to spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 118. In this case, the equalized pseudo transmission-data vector 1 (shaded signal stream B1 to B4 shown in
Then, the IDFT units 119 to 122 convert the respective signal streams demapped in the spatial-and-spectral directions into time-domain signals. According to the configuration, multiple signal streams subjected to the spatial-and-spectral mapping of the present invention can be grouped into signal streams transmitted from the respective transmission antennas and then be subjected to IDFT. Then, the signal streams subjected to the IDFT are converted by the P/S converters 123 and 124 into serial signals for each user, and then subjected to demodulation and decoding. In this case, the operations up to one performed by the P/S converters 123 and 124 are performed in units of OFDM symbols. The following operations, especially decoding, is performed in units by which error correction coding is performed (usually, in units of packets or frames).
The decoders 127 and 128 calculate LLRs (Log Likelihood Ratios) indicative of the reliability of the reception data subjected to error correction. The repetition controllers 129 and 130 receiving the LLRs determine whether or not the repeated operations have been performed a predetermined number of times. If the repeated operations have been performed the predetermined number of times, the repetition controllers 129 and 130 output the LLRs to the determining units 131 and 132, respectively. If the repeated operations have not yet been performed the predetermined number of times, the repetition controllers 129 and 130 output the LLRs to the replica generators 133 and 134, and then the routine returns to the operation of generating replicas of the received signals. If it is assumed that a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) code is used, the repetition controllers 129 and 130 may be configured to perform CRC check of the reception data, and to end the repeated operations if no error is detected.
The replica generators 133 and 134 generate signal replicas (replicas of transmitted signals) corresponding to the LLRs of the respective bits. The generated replicas pass through the S/P converters 135 and 136, and then converted by the DFT units 137 to 140 into frequency-domain replicas of the signals transmitted from the respective transmission antennas. Although it has been explained above that the operations after the demodulation are performed in units of packets or frames, the operations from the DFT units 137 to 140 are performed in units of OFDM symbols again.
Similar to the mapping on the transmitting side, the spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141 performs mapping of the present invention on the frequency-domain replicas generated in this manner based on mapping information received from the spectrum determining unit 146. Then, the replicas (S′) subjected to the spatial-and-spectral mapping are input to the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115 and the channel multiplier 144, respectively. The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115 receiving the replicas (S′) after the spatial-and-spectral mapping reconfigures received signals corresponding to the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2 using these replicas, and uses the reconfigured received signals for equalization of the respective pseudo transmission-data vectors. To generate replicas of received signals to be subtracted from received signals by the canceller 114, the channel multiplier 144 multiples the replicas after the spatial-and-spectral mapping by the virtual channel matrix (Ξ shown in the expression (17)) in consideration of the mapping. Then, replicas (ΞS′) of the received signals output from the channel multiplier 144 are input to the canceller 114, and the aforementioned subtraction expressed by the expression (2) is performed.
The base station device 510 of the second embodiment repeats a series of operations, such as the cancelling of replicas, the equalization, the spatial-and-spectral demapping, the decoding, and the generation of replicas, and thereby gradually increases the reliability of the decoded bits. After the series of operations is repeated the predetermined number of times, the determining units 131 and 132 perform hard determination on bits, and thereby transmission data is reproduced. According to the configuration of the reception device, the signals on which multiple users perform spatial-and-spectral mapping can be demultiplexed to decode respective transmission data pieces.
The base station device of the second embodiment includes the interference power estimator 147 that measures the power of an unknown interference signal received from another cell or the like for each subcarrier and for each transmission antenna. The measured power is used for calculation performed by the spectrum determining unit 146 using the expression (1) (as Σm(k)). Additionally, the spectrum determining unit 146 determines subcarriers to be used for transmission from each antenna of each mobile station device 500 or 501 based on the control flow of the first embodiment shown in
Regarding the above equalization, equalization with respect to the two pseudo transmission-data vectors shown in
A block that performs interleaving with respect to the encoded bits is not included in the transmission device of the first embodiment. A block that performs deinterleaving with respect to the demodulated bits is not included in the reception device of the second embodiment. However, if these blocks are added, much better characteristics can be achieved. This is because a probability density function of each encoding bit at the time of reception can be approximated by the Gaussian distribution, thereby increasing the reliability of turbo equalization that has been theoretically analyzed under the assumption that the function is originally the Gaussian distribution.
The first and second embodiments have explained the case where spatial-and-spectral mapping is performed under the condition that there are always two signals to be multiplexed onto each subcarrier. As explained in those embodiments, if signals interfering with one another can be cancelled on the receiving side, spectral mapping may be independently performed for each antenna on each transmitting side in consideration of only a channel variation. The following embodiment explains a mapping method of each transmission antenna independently determining a spectrum to be used when the number of signals to be multiplexed is not limited as in the first and second embodiments.
An operation of each block of the base station device 512 is similar to those of the base station devices 510 and 511. However, (pseudo) transmission-data vectors used for the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 300 equalizing signals subjected to the spatial-and-spectral mapping of the third embodiment are signal streams transmitted from the respective transmission antennas. As shown in
The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 300 performs an operation similar to equalization explained in the second embodiment on these transmission-data vectors. Regarding the repeated operations, equalization is performed using a result of the canceller 200 subtracting, from all received signals, replicas of all the received signals generated in consideration of mapping on the transmitting side, and received signal replicas of the respective transmission-data vectors reconfigured from the replicas of the respective transmission-data vectors and channel variations (virtual subchannel matrices) to which the respective transmission-data vectors are subjected.
The equalized signals are output as signal streams transmitted from the respective transmission antennas. For this reason, those signals are regarded as ones having already been spatially demapped. Therefore, the spectrum demapping unit 301 performs spectrum demapping for each of the signal streams (transmission-data vectors) based on mapping information. Additionally, when replicas of transmitted signals are generated from LLRs of bits subjected to error correction coding, signals input to the spectral mapping unit 302 through the DFT units 213 to 216 are signal streams (transmission-data vectors) transmitted from the respective transmission antennas. For this reason, the spectral mapping unit 302 may perform only spectral mapping on the respective transmission-data vectors without considering spatial mapping.
According to the configuration of the base station device 512, each of the transmission-data vectors can be demultiplexed to decode corresponding data even when a spectrum to be used is determined independently for each transmission antenna based on the control flow of the third embodiment.
The first to third embodiments have explained the case where the channel matrix generated by the base station devices 510, 511, and 512 from frequency responses among transmission-and-reception antennas has no Rank-deficiency, i.e., the case where the number of reception antennas is equal to or greater than that of transmission streams. However, a fourth embodiment explains a demodulation method in a case of Rank-deficiency, i.e., a case where the number of reception antennas is smaller than that of transmission streams. It is assumed that the number of transmission users, the number of transmission antennas of each user, and positions and the number of subcarriers to be used are the same as those in the third embodiment. The number of reception antennas is assumed to be 2.
It is assumed that data is configured as packets each including multiple symbols. Additionally, it is assumed that error correction coding is performed in units of packets each corresponding to one user, and that 3 data pieces are transmitted from each transmission-antenna, i.e., a total of 6 data pieces are transmitted by one symbol. Further, it is assumed that 3 subcarriers are used for 1 symbol and for each transmission antenna.
The channel matrices Ξ1 and Ξ2 for each user are defined as expressions (25) and (26) where n denotes a transmission antenna (transmission antennas 1 and 2 of the user 2 are assumed to be transmission antennas 3 and 4 for convenience), j denotes a reception antenna, k denotes the subcarrier number, Ξjn(k) denotes a frequency response for each subcarrier. In this case, frequency-domain data R received by a receiver can be shown in an expression (27).
where 0 is set to frequency responses of subcarriers not used for transmission.
Regarding Rj(k), j denotes the reception antenna number, and k denotes the subcarrier number. Expression concerning noise is omitted for simplicity.
When a virtual channel matrix Ξ having the same order can be generated by exchanging elements between the channel matrices Ξ1 and Ξ2, i.e., when a matrix Ξ free of Rank deficiency can be generated, data can be demodulated by the method of the second embodiment. However, when a matrix Ξ free of Rank deficiency cannot be generated by exchanging elements between the channel matrices Ξ1 and Ξ2 as in the fourth embodiment, data cannot be demodulated by the method of the second embodiment. The reason that a matrix Ξ free of Rank deficiency cannot be generated is that a larger number of streams than that of the reception antennas is transmitted on each subcarrier. In other words, the subcarriers 1 and 6 are the causes.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a base station device 513 that can demodulate data transmitted under this condition is explained.
The reason that the base station device 513 includes the two signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201-1 and 201-2 is that the channel matrix has Rank-deficiency, thereby requiring multiple operations. To distinguish between two operation systems, one operation system is called operation system 1 and the other operation system is called operation system 2.
Operations for received signals are basically similar to those shown in
Received signals are subjected to frequency conversion in units of symbols and then input to the canceller 114. These signals are expressed as an expression (27). Similar to the above embodiments, the base station device 513 performs the repeated operations in units of packets (by which error correction cording is performed). Since a replica is not generated in the first operation, an output of the channel multiplier 144 is 0. In the second-or-later operation, replicas of transmitted signals calculated using LLRs of respective data pieces are generated, and therefore replica signals are subtracted from the received signals. When replicas of the transmitted signals are perfectly reproduced, signals after the subtraction include only noise.
The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201-1 and 201-2 group the received signals into two groups for two operation systems. In other words, regarding the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-1 of the operation system 1, only signals assigned a code K1 or K2 are transmitted as shown in
When pseudo transmission-data vectors to be processed in each operation system are assumed to be Ss1 and Ss2, these vectors are expressed as expressions (28) and (29). Virtual channel matrices Ξs1 and Ξs2 corresponding to the respective pseudo transmission-data vectors are expressed as the following expressions (30) and (31).
These virtual channel matrices are generated by the channel reconfiguring unit 145. These virtual channel matrices are input to the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201-1 and 201-2, subjected to MMSE equalization in the respective systems, and then output.
Hereinafter, an operation of the channel reconfiguring unit 145 is explained similarly to the second embodiment. Frequency response matrices received from the respective channel estimators 112 and 113 can be expressed as expressions (32) and (33) similarly to the second embodiment. The difference from the second embodiment is the assumption that the number of subcarriers is 6. When two masking vectors MV are generated correspondingly to the pseudo transmission-data streams, which are referred to as MV1 and MV2, these vectors can be expressed as expressions (34) and (35).
The same operation as performed in the second embodiment is performed based on the vectors MV1 and MV2, and thereby the virtual channel matrices Ξs1 and Ξs2 can be calculated as the expressions (30) and (31). Although elements of the fourth column disappear when zero elements are deleted, 0 is inserted so as not to reduce the size of the matrix. Similarly, the virtual subchannel matrices (36) and (37) are calculated based on the masking vector MV1.
Since the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201-1 and 201-2 of the fourth embodiment target the pseudo transmission-data vectors Ss1 and Ss2, ΞnT differs from information from an actual antenna. Operations are performed in the operation system 1 under the assumption that signals allocated to upper half elements of Ss1 are transmitted from the same antenna, and that signals allocated to lower half elements of Ss1 are transmitted from the same antenna. Hereinafter, these pairs of signals are referred to as pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2. Therefore, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-1 performs equalization based on the channel matrix ΞS1 shown in the expression (30), and the virtual subchannel matrices ΞnT1 and ΞnT2 corresponding to the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2. The virtual subchannel matrices ΞnT1 and ΞnT2 are expressed as the following expressions.
At the same time, operations are performed in the operation system 2 under the assumption that signals allocated to upper half elements of Ss2 are transmitted from the same antenna, and that signals allocated to lower half elements of Ss2 are transmitted from the same antenna. Hereinafter, these pairs of signals are referred to as pseudo transmission-data vectors 3 and 4.
Since the virtual subchannel matrix ΞnT is generated for each of the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 to 4, four matrices are generated by the channel reconfiguring unit 145.
The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201-1 and 201-2 use the replica signals S′, which are generated based on the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 to 4. The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-1 uses a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 1 and a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 2. The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-2 uses a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 3 and a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 4.
The spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 500 maps the signals of K1 to K4 onto inputs of the IDFT units 116, 117, 118, and 119 in a reversed order of mapping performed at the time of transmission. At the time of mapping, two data pieces output from the two operation systems (corresponding to hatched portions shown in
Additionally, another method may be considered in which frequency elements causing a large interference effect are not used in the first operation. In other words, frequency elements of subcarriers, such as subcarrier 1 or 6, are not used.
The operation is performed by the spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 500 in this manner, IDFT is performed for the respective signals, and then LLRs for the respective data pieces are calculated by the demodulators 122 and 123. The operations up to one performed by the demodulators 122 and 123 are performed in units of symbols. The decoders 124 and 125 generally perform error correction decoding in units by which encoding is performed. In this case, decoding is performed based on the input LLRs. Then, LLR of respective data pieces are updated, and the updated LLRs are input to the replica generators 209 and 210 except in the last repeated operation. In the last repeated operation, the updated LLRs are output to the determining units 207 and 208.
The replicas generated by the replica generators 209 and 210 are input to the DFT units 213, 214, 215, and 216 in units of symbols. s1-1(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 1 antenna 1. s1-2(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 1 antenna 2. s2-1(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 2 antenna 1. s2-2(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 2 antenna 2. m is an index of data. Three pieces of each replica are input to each of the DFT units 213 to 216. Outputs of the DFT units 213 to 216 are shown in
The spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 217 performs demapping on the frequency-domain replicas according to the mapping used for transmission. The data pieces subjected to demapping are expressed as expressions (38) and (39) if expressed in the same format as the expressions (23) and (24). The data pieces shown in the expressions (38) and (39) are multiplied by the channel information shown in the expressions (25) and (26), and thereby a replica signal R′ to be used for cancelling is generated as shown in an expression (40).
The canceller 200 subtracts the replica signal R′ from the received signal R. On the other hand, the spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 500 has to generate a replica signal SS1′ shown in an expression (41) and a replica signal SS2′ shown in an expression (42) for each pseudo transmission-data vector required when the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-1 and 201-2 performs equalization.
The upper half elements of the replica signal SS1′ and the lower half elements of the replica signal SS1′ correspond to the transmitted signals from the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2, respectively. The upper half elements of the replica signal SS2′ and the lower half elements of the replica signal SS2′ correspond to the transmitted signals from the pseudo transmission-data vectors 3 and 4, respectively. These signals are multiplied by the virtual subchannel matrix ΞnT as shown in the expression (36), and thereby desired signals to be required for equalization are reconfigured.
Since a part of signal elements have to be treated as noise in the fourth embodiment, the precision of calculating LLRs is considered to be degraded. However, the LLR improvement effect by error correction is used, thereby enabling calculation of transmission data by the repeated operations. Additionally, subcarriers having the best quality among transmission devices and transmission antennas can be used, thereby achieving high communication quality if interference is cancelled. Further, the number of streams to be mapped onto one subcarrier is not theoretically limited, thereby simplifying scheduling.
The fourth embodiment has explained the method of improving LLR-improvement precision by dividing the operation system into two systems and simultaneously performing the repeated operations. A fifth embodiment explains a method of sequentially performing the repeated operations. The fourth embodiment has explained the case where the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-1 and 201-2 generate pairs of pseudo transmission-data vectors irrespective of user data. The fifth embodiment explains a case where a pair of pseudo transmission-data vectors is basically generated for each user and for each antenna. As for the method of sequentially performing repeated operations as will be explained in the fifth embodiment, a pair of pseudo transmission-data vectors has to be set for each user. However, a pair of pseudo transmission-data vectors may be set for each user also in the fourth embodiment.
Preconditions of the fifth embodiment are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.
The number of signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201 changes to one because of the sequential operations. It is assumed that the frequency-domain MMSE equalization is used for equalization. Signals required for the equalization are residual signals after replica signals are subtracted from received signals, a channel matrix Ξ among transmission-and-reception antennas, a channel matrix (subchannel matrix) ΞnT from desired antennas (antennas from which data are to be calculated), and replica signals (frequency-domain data) S′ for reconfiguring desired signals. As will be explained later, signal equalization and demultiplexing are performed in units of users. Regarding the order of operations, however, the odd-numbered operations of the repeated operations are performed by the user 1, and the even-numbered operations of the repeated operations are performed by the user 2. Preferably, signals having better conditions are preferentially processed.
Operations to be performed on received signals are similar to those shown in
Received signals are subjected to frequency conversion in units of symbols and then are input to the canceller 200. These signals are shown in an expression (27). Similar to the aforementioned embodiments, the base station device 514 performs the repeated operations in units of packets (by which error correction cording is performed). Since a replica is not generated in the first operation, an output of the channel multiplier 220 is 0. In the second-or-later operation, replicas of transmitted signals calculated using LLRs of respective data pieces are generated, and therefore the canceller 200 subtracts replica signals from the received signals. When transmitted signal replicas are perfectly reproduced, signals after the subtraction include only noise.
The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 groups the received signals into two groups. In other words, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201-1 assumes that only information marked by horizontal lines shown in
When pseudo transmission-data vectors targeted for the respective repeated operations are assumed to be Ssod (odd-numbered operations) and Ssev (even-numbered operations), these vectors are expressed as expressions (43) and (44), respectively. Virtual channel matrices Ξsod and Ξsev corresponding to the respective pseudo transmission-data vectors Ssod and Ssev are expressed as the following expressions (45) and (46), respectively.
These virtual channel matrices are generated by the channel reconfiguring unit 221. These virtual channel matrices are input to the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201 according to the repeated number of times, subjected to MMSE equalization for each case, and then output.
Hereinafter, an operation of the channel reconfiguring unit is explained similarly to the fifth embodiment. Frequency response matrices received from the respective channel estimators can be expressed as expressions (47) and (48) similarly to the fifth embodiment. When two masking vectors MV are generated correspondingly to the pseudo transmission-data streams, which are referred to as MV3 and MV4, these can be expressed as expressions (49) and (50).
The same operation as performed in the second embodiment is performed based on the vectors MV3 and MV4, and thereby the virtual channel matrices Ξs1 and Ξs2 can be calculated as the expressions (45) and (46). Although elements of the second and the fourth columns shown in the expression (49) disappear when zero elements are deleted, 0 is inserted so as not to reduce the size of the matrix. With respect to the expressions (13) and (14) shown in the fifth embodiment, expressions (51) and (52) can be obtained using the masking vector MV3, and expressions (53) and (54) can be obtained using the masking vector MV4.
Regarding the expressions (51) and (52), the upper and lower elements of the fifth column have to be exchanged to prioritize the user group. Additionally, regarding the expressions (53) and (54), the upper and lower elements of the third column have to be exchanged to prioritize the user group. Similarly, the virtual subchannel matrices (55) and (56) are calculated based on the masking vector MV3.
The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 of the fifth embodiment allocates the transmitted signal vectors so as to recognize that data from the same user and the same antenna have preferably been transmitted from the same antenna. However, signals transmitted from different antennas are partially mixed to enhance the precision of demultiplexing. Consequently, the transmission-data vectors are pseudo vectors. Therefore, the virtual subchannel matrix ΞnT differs from the virtual subchannel matrix from an actual antenna.
It is assumed in the odd-numbered operations that signals allocated to upper half elements of Ssod have been transmitted from the same antenna, and that signals allocated to lower half elements of Ssod have been transmitted from the same antenna. Hereinafter, these pairs of signals are referred to as signals from the pseudo transmission-data vector 1 and signals from the pseudo transmission-data vector 2. Therefore, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 performs equalization based on the virtual channel matrix Ξ shown in the expression (45) and the virtual subchannel matrices ΞnT1 and ΞnT2 corresponding to the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2. The virtual subchannel matrices ΞnT1 and ΞnT2 are expressed as the following expressions (55) and (56).
It is assumed in the even-numbered operations that signals allocated to upper half elements of Ssev have been transmitted from the same antenna, and that signals allocated to lower half elements of Ssev have been transmitted from the same antenna. Hereinafter, these pairs of signals are referred to as the pseudo transmission-data vector 3 and the pseudo transmission-data vector 4.
Since the virtual subchannel matrix ΞnT is generated for each of the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 to 4, four matrices are generated by the channel reconfiguring unit 221.
The signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 uses the replica signals S′, which are generated based on the pseudo transmission-data vectors. In the odd-numbered operations, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 uses a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 1 and a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 2. In the even-numbered operations, the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 uses a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 3 and a replica of the pseudo transmission-data vector 4.
The spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 500 maps the signals of K1 to K4 onto inputs of the IDFT units 116 and 117 in a reversed order of mapping performed at the time of transmission.
The operation is performed by the spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 501 in this manner, IDFT is performed, and then LLR for each data piece is calculated by the demodulator 122. The operations up to the operation performed by the demodulator 122 are performed in units of symbols. The decoder 124 performs error correction decoding in units by which encoding is performed. In this case, decoding is performed based on the input LLRs. Then, LLR for respective data pieces are updated, and the updated LLRs are output from the repetition controller 205 to the replica generator 210 except for the last repeated operation. In the last repeated operation, the updated LLRs are output from the repetition controller 205 to the determining unit 207.
The generated replicas are input to the DFT units 213 and 214 in units of symbols. s1-1(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 1 antenna 1. s1-2(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 1 antenna 2. s2-1(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 2 antenna 1. s2-2(m) denotes a time domain replica with respect to data transmitted from the user 2 antenna 2. m is an index of data. Three pieces of each replica are input to each of the DFT units 213 and 214. Outputs of the DFT units 213 and 214 are shown in
The spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 217 performs mapping on the frequency-domain replicas according to the mapping used for transmission. The mapped data pieces are expressed as an expression (57) in the case of odd-numbered operations and an expression (58) in the case of even-numbered operation if expressed by a matrix indicated by the user number and the antenna number in the vertical direction, and the subcarrier number in the horizontal direction. The data pieces shown in the expressions (57) and (58) are multiplied by the channel information shown in the expressions (25) and (26), and thereby a replica signal R′(i) to be used for cancelling is generated, which is shown in an expression (59) where i denotes an index indicative of the repeated number of times.
T denotes transpose of a matrix. (x mod 2) denotes a reminder when x is divided by 2. Because of the sequential operations, a replica matrix in the previous operation is stored, and a replica newly calculated according to the repeated number of times has to be updated.
The canceller 200 subtracts the replica R′ from the received signal R. On the other hand, the spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 501 has to generate a replica signal S′od shown in an expression (60) and a replica signal S′ev shown in an expression (61) for each required pseudo transmission-data vector when the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201 performs equalization.
The upper half elements of the replica signal S′od and the lower half elements of the replica signal S′od correspond to the transmitted signals from the pseudo transmission-data vectors 1 and 2, respectively. The upper half elements of the replica signal S′ev and the lower half elements of the replica signal S′ev correspond to the transmitted signals from the pseudo transmission-data vectors 3 and 4, respectively. These signals are multiplied by the virtual subchannel matrix ΞnT as shown in the expression (46), and thereby desired signals required for equalization are reconfigured.
According to the configuration, the size of the circuit can be greatly reduced although the repeated number of times is increased.
The aforementioned embodiments have explained the mobile station device that performs transmission by spreading signals to the frequency domain using DFT and then reconverting the frequency-domain signals into time-domain signals using IDFT, and the base station device corresponding to the mobile station device. However, the present invention is applicable to a system that performs frequency spreading not by DFT, but by multiplying transmitted signals by spreading codes. Particularly when orthogonal codes indicated by phase rotations are used, the same signals as in the case of performing spreading using DFT are generated, and therefore the PAPR characteristics can be reduced. The sixth embodiment explains a case where frequency spreading is performed using phase-rotation orthogonal spreading codes.
The mobile station device 502 shown in
C1 to C64 shown in
Thus, even when the phase-rotation orthogonal spreading codes are used instead of DFT, signals similar to ones in the case of DFT can be generated, thereby enabling transmission of signals including signal-user MIMO signals and multi-user MIMO signals which are mixed. Accordingly, the configuration of the reception device explained above can be applied to the case where the transmission device includes the spreading-and-multiplexing units. Additionally, an inverse spreading unit that multiplies received signals by complex conjugates of the phase-rotation orthogonal spreading codes used on the transmitting side may be included instead of the IDFT units after the spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 118 shown in
As explained above, the sixth embodiment has explained the case where orthogonal codes indicated by phase rotations. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and is applicable to a case where frequency spreading is performed using other spreading codes.
It is assumed as an example in the following embodiments that a transmission scheme is SC-ASA, the number of transmission devices is 2, and the number of subcarriers is 64. Additionally, it is assumed that the number of subcarriers to be used by each transmission device is 32 which is half the total number of subcarriers, similarly to the conventional SC-ASA. In this case, Nd=64 and Nu=32 where Nd denotes the number of subcarriers to be used by each transmission station, and Nu denotes the number of subcarriers in an available band. Hereinafter, explanations are given using Nd and Nu. Further, since it is assumed that OFDM is used as a multicarrier scheme, SC-ASA is occasionally called DFT-S-OFDM in the description. The following embodiments target generally-called uplink communication from a mobile station to a base station if not particularly specified. However, the communication targeted by the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the case of SC-ASA, the transmission station performs subcarrier mapping in consideration of states of subcarriers used by other transmission stations so that the reception station can independently demultiplex and detect a signal transmitted from each transmission station. Under the assumption of SC-ASA that signals blocked on the time axis are periodical functions, the blocked signals are subjected to DFT to obtain amplitude and phase of each subcarrier, and then information concerning the obtained amplitude and phase are transmitted based on the multicarrier scheme. Accordingly, each subcarrier includes information concerning the entire transmission data on the time axis. Even if some of subcarriers to which transmission data from one transmission station are allocated (2 of 6 subcarriers in the case of
The encoder A1 performs error correction coding on transmission data A to generate encoded bits. The interleaver A2 interleaves the encoded bits to randomize the encoded bits so that a probability density function of each encoded bit at the time of reception can be approximated by the Gaussian distribution based on the central limit theorem, and thereby the reliability of turbo equalization technique, which has been theoretically analyzed under the assumption that the probability density function is originally the Gaussian distribution, can be improved. Then, the modulator A3 modulates the interleaved encoded bits. Then, the S/P converter A4 converts the modulated encoded bits into Nu samples of parallel signals. Then, DFT unit A5 performs DFT with Nu points to convert the parallel signals into frequency signals. In this case, the DFT unit A5 uses FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) as DFT.
Then, the spectral mapping unit A6 maps the Nu samples of frequency-domain signals onto Nu points included in an available transmission band of Nd points based on spectrum allocation information that receiver A42 has received from the base station device A70. Then, the IDFT unit A7 performs IDFT to convert the frequency-domain signals of Nd points mapped onto the Nu points into time-domain signals of Nd points. Then, the P/S converter A8 converts the time-domain signals into a serial signal. On the other hand, the pilot signal generator A9 generates a known pilot signal for channel estimation. The pilot signal is multiplexed onto the serial signal output from the P/S converter A8.
Then, the CP inserter A11 inserts a cyclic prefix for reducing interference between DFT-S-OFDM symbols into the multiplexed signal, i.e., a rearward wave of the multiplexed signal is copied and pasted to the forward thereof. The reason that the cyclic prefix is used is that waves to be subjected to DFT in the DFT section are required to have a period that is an integral multiple of one period of a periodical function. For this reason, if delayed-wave elements are present in multipath channels, the functional periodicity of the delayed-wave elements of the received signal collapses on the receiving side. Consequently, subcarriers cannot be independently processed. On the other hand, if a cyclic prefix corresponding to the maximum delay time of the channel is preliminarily inserted on the transmitting side, the cyclic prefix is removed on the receiving side so that the functional periodicity with respect to the delayed elements can be maintained. Consequently, each subcarrier can be independently processed. In other words, even if each subcarrier is allocated to an arbitral frequency, the subcarrier can be reproduced on the receiving side. Then, D/A converter A12 converts the signal into which the cyclic prefix has been inserted is converted into an analog signal. The radio unit A13 upconverts the analog signal into a radio-frequency signal to be transmitted from the antenna A14.
The demapping unit A50 includes an antenna A15, an A/D converter A16, a CP remover A17, a pilot demultiplexer A18, channel estimators A19-1 and A19-2, a spectrum-allocation determining unit A20, channel-characteristic demapping units A21-1 and A21-2, channel characteristic selectors A22-1 and A22-2, an S/P converter A23, a DFT unit A24, a spectral demapping unit A25, a transmitter A38, and a radio unit A39.
The signal detector A60 includes signal cancellers A26-1 and A26-2, signal equalizers A27-1 and A27-2, demodulators A28-1 and A28-2, deinterleavers A29-1 and A29-2, decoders A30-1 and A30-2, repeated number controllers A31-1 and A31-2, interleavers A32-1 and A32-2, replica generators A33-1 and A33-2, S/P converters A34-1 and A34-2, DFT units A35-1 and A35-2, interference spectrum selectors A36-1 and A36-2, and determining units A37-1 and A37-2. Regarding the demapping unit A50 and the signal detector A60, reference symbols Ax-1 and Ax-2 (x is a number) denote signal processors that process signals concerning transmission data pieces A and B, respectively.
Firstly, the radio unit A39 downconverts a received signal received by the antenna A15 into a baseband signal. Then, the A/D converter A16 converts the baseband signal into a digital signal. Then, the CP remover A17 removes a cyclic prefix, i.e., extracts valid symbols having the periodicity. The valid symbols indicate symbols included in a section for one period. Then, the pilot demultiplexer A18 demultiplexes the digital signal from which the cyclic prefix has been removed into a data signal and pilot signals, and outputs the pilot signals required for detecting the transmission data A and B transmitted from the mobile station devices A80a and A80b to the channel estimators A19-1 and A19-2, respectively.
Meanwhile, the S/P converter A23 converts the data signal demultiplexed by the pilot demultiplexer A18 into parallel signals. Then, the DFT unit (time-frequency converter) A24 performs a Fourier transform that is a time-frequency conversion to convert the parallel signals into frequency-domain signals. Then, based on the spectrum allocation information received from the spectrum-allocation determining unit A20, the spectral demapping unit A25 extracts subcarriers on which the spectral mapping unit A6 of each of the mobile station devices A80a and A80b has allocated signals, and returns the arrangement of the extracted subcarriers to the original arrangement before the mapping has been performed by the spectral mapping unit A6. It is assumed here that M1 denotes a matrix including Nu×Nd elements including 0 and 1 for the spectral mapping unit A6 of the mobile station device A80a to map the frequency-domain signals output from the DFT unit A5 onto subcarriers. In other words, if the matrix M1 is multiplied by a vector R1′ indicative of outputs of the DFT unit A5, then a vector R1, which is the frequency-domain signals mapped onto subcarriers, is obtained. As shown in an expression (62-1), the matrix M1 is an Nu×Nd matrix in which the column number is the subcarrier number in the original arrangement, the row number is the subcarrier number after the mapping, only elements corresponding to the interleaving are 1, and all other elements are 0.
Accordingly, when M2 denotes a matrix for the spectral mapping unit A6 of the mobile station device A80b to map the frequency-domain signals onto subcarriers, M2 is expressed similarly to the matrix M1. The spectral demapping unit A25 obtains the demapped signals received from the mobile station devices A80a and A80b as shown in expressions (63-1) and (63-2). As will be explained later, information concerning the matrices M1 and M2 are transferred from the spectrum-allocation determining unit A20 to the spectral demapping unit A25.
R1′=M1TR (63-1)
R2′=M2TR (63-2)
In the expressions (63-1) and (63-2), R denotes an Nd×1 complex received signal vector including all signals from the mobile station devices A80a and A80b, which are output from the DFT unit A24. T in the upper right denotes a transpose matrix. R1′ and R2′ denote complex received signal vectors including all the demapped signals from the respective mobile station devices A80a and A80b.
On the other hand, the channel estimators A19-1 and A19-2 estimate frequency responses of channels from the respective mobile station devices A80a and A80b to the base station device A70 based on the pilot signals that are received from the respective mobile station devices A80a and A80b and demultiplexed by the pilot demultiplexer A18. Thus, the diagonal matrices as shown in the expressions (64-1) and (64-2) are obtained with respect to the transmission data A and B transmitted from the mobile station devices A80a and A80b, respectively.
In the expressions (64-1) and (64-2), Hm(k) denotes a complex gain of a channel corresponding to the k-th subcarrier, which is included in channels from the m-th mobile station device (1st one is the mobile station device A80a, and 2nd one is the mobile station device A80b) to the base station device A70.
Then, channel matrices H1 and H2 output from the channel estimators A19-1 and A19-2 are input to the spectrum-allocation determining unit A20. The spectrum-allocation determining unit A20 determines subcarriers to be used by the respective mobile station devices A80a and A80b based on the channel matrices H1 and H2. Then, the spectrum-allocation determining unit A20 outputs the matrices M1 and M2 indicative of spectrum allocation information that is the determination result to the transmitter A38, the spectral demapping unit A25, the channel-characteristic demapping units A21-1 and A21-2, the channel characteristic selectors A22-1 and A22-2, and the interference selectors A36-1 and A36-2. Upon receiving the matrices M1 and M2 indicative of spectrum allocation information, the transmitter A38 transmits the spectrum allocation information to the mobile station devices A80a and A80b through the radio unit A39 and the antenna A15.
In this case, only information required for each mobile station device may be transmitted, such that only information concerning the matrix M1 is transmitted to the mobile station device A80a. Alternatively, all the spectrum allocation information pieces may be transmitted. Then, the channel-characteristic demapping units A21-1 and A21-2 extract frequency responses of channels required for detecting desired signals from the channel matrices H1 and H2 with use of the matrices M1 and M2 included in the spectrum allocation information, respectively. Then, channel-characteristic demapping units A21-1 and A21-2 returns the arrangement of subcarriers to that of the frequency-domain signals before the spectral mapping has been performed by the mobile station devices A80a and A80b.
H1′=M1TH1 (65-1)
H2′=M2TH2 (65-2)
In the expressions (65-1) and (65-2), a matrix H1′ denotes frequency responses of channels required for detecting desired signals for the mobile station device A80a which are arranged correspondingly to the mapping performed by the spectral mapping unit A6. A matrix H2′ denotes frequency responses of channels required for detecting desired signals for the mobile station device A80b which are subjected to the similar operation. At the same time, the channel characteristic selectors A22-1 and A22-2 extract channel responses corresponding to the subcarrier numbers causing interference with the signals received from the respective mobile station devices A80a and A80b, rearrange the channel responses to cancel the interference, and thus obtain matrices H1int and H2int. In this case, the matrices H1int and H2int that are frequency characteristics of the extracted interference signals can be obtained from expressions (66-1) and (66-2).
H1int=M1TH2 (66-1)
H2int=M2TH1 (66-2)
The H1′ and H2′ that are characteristics of the desired signals and the matrices H1int and H2int that are frequency characteristics of the interference signals, which are obtained in this manner, are input to the signal cancellers A26-1 and A26-2 and the signal equalizers A27-1 and A27-2. The channel characteristic selectors A22-1 and A22-2 may be provided after the channel-characteristic demapping units A21-1 and A21-2.
The signal detector A60 includes signal cancellers A26-1 and A26-2, signal equalizers A27-1 and A27-2, demodulators A28-1 and A28-2, deinterleavers A29-1 and S29-2, decoders A30-1 and A30-2, repeated number controllers A31-1 and A31-2, interleavers A32-1 and A32-2, replica generators A33-1 and A33-2, S/P converters A34-1 and A34-2, DFT units A35-1 and A35-2, interference spectrum selectors A36-1 and A36-2, and determining units A37-1 and A37-2. If the mobile station devices A80a and A80b do not include the interleaver A2 shown in
Explanations of the signal detector A60 will be given assuming an operation of detecting the transmission data A transmitted from the mobile station device A80a. For this reason, the block assigned the reference symbol Ax-1 (x denotes the block number) shown in
Signals output from the spectral demapping unit 25 include subcarriers overlapping, as interference, some subcarriers of signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80b, and are input to the signal canceller A26-1. The signal canceller A26-1 cancels frequency-domain signal replicas of the desired signals and interference signal replicas from received signals, and then calculates residual-signal elements. When Q1 denotes a residual that is a residual-signal element output from the signal canceller A26-1, the residual Q1 can be obtained as shown in an expression (67).
Q1=R1′−H1′s1rep−H1intS2repint (67)
In the expression (67), the first term denotes demapped received signals. The second term denotes signal replicas generated based on the reliability of their own signals. The third term denotes interference signal replicas generated based on the reliability of other signals. S1rep denotes an Nu×1 signal-replica vector of desired signals expressed by frequency-domain complex numbers. S2repint denotes an Nu×1 signal-replica vector expressed by frequency-domain complex numbers (signal replicas will be explained later), which is generated by the signal detector (replica generator A33-2) detecting signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80b, and then extracting signals of interfering subcarriers. As will be explained later, operations of the signal canceller A26-1 to the interference spectrum selector A36-1 are repeatedly performed on the same received signal. However, a signal replica is not generated in the first operation (i.e., S1rep=0, S2repint=0). For this reason, the signal canceller A26-1 does not perform the cancelling operation shown in the expression (67), and outputs the demapped received signal instead of the residual Q1.
The residual Q1 obtained as shown in the expression (67) is input to the signal equalizer A27-1. The signal equalizer A27-1 performs equalization on the input signals. As an equalizing method, MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) equalization is generally used in many cases. Although the case of using the MMSE equalization will be explained, alternatively, ZF (Zero-Forcing) for multiplying an inverse matrix of a channel matrix, QRD (QR Decomposition), or SQRD (Sorted QRD) may be used. The signal equalizer A27-1 performs signal equalization using the residual Q1, the frequency responses H1 of channels for desired signals, and the signal replica S1rep generated by the replica generator A33-1, which will be explained later, in order to reconfigure desired signals. Specifically, the signal equalizer A27-1 calculates the optimal weight based on the residual Q1, the frequency responses H1, and the signal replica S1rep, and outputs the final equalized time-domain signal z1 multiplied by the optimal weight. The output signal z1 is expressed as an expression (68). In other words, the expression (68) indicates that the signal equalizer A27-1 simultaneously performs equalization on desired signals and conversion from frequency-domain signals into time-domain signals.
z1=(1+γδ)−1[γs1rep+FHΨQ1] (68)
In the above expression, γ and δ denote real numbers used for calculation using H1, powers of received signals, noise dispersion, and the like. Similarly, ψ denotes a complex square matrix having the size of the DFT-S-OFDM symbols used for calculation using H1, noise dispersion, and the like. s1rep denotes time-domain replicas. S1rep denotes frequency-domain replicas. Since a replica is not input in the first operation of the repeated operations from the signal canceller A26-1 to the interference spectrum selector A36-1, then Q1=R1′ and S1rep=0 in the expression (68), which is equal to the case of the conventional MMSE equalization without cancelling.
The reason that the signal canceller A26-1 cancels all the replicas of interference signals and desired signals is that the signal equalizer performs an inverse matrix calculation, and therefore the inverse matrix calculation has to be performed a number of times corresponding to the number of symbols included in a DFT-OFDM symbol if cancelling and equalization are repeated with only the desired signals remained. On the other hand, if the residual after cancelling all the replicas is input, the residual can be equally treated by the signal equalizer A27-1, and therefore all weights can be calculated with one inverse calculation by the signal equalizer A27-1. For this reason, the residual Q1 and the replicas S1rep of the desired signals are independently input and reconfigured to decrease the amount of the inverse calculation.
The equalized signal z1 is demodulated by the demodulator A28-1, and LLRs (Log-Likelihood Ratio) that are real numbers indicative of the reliability of encoded bits divided in units of bits from the signal z1. The obtained LLRs of the encoded bits are arranged by the interleaver A6 of the mobile station device (mobile station device A80a), and rearranged back to the original arrangement by the deinterleaver A29-1. Then, the decoder A30-1 performs error correction on the rearranged LLRs, and outputs the LLRs of the encoded bits with higher reliability and decoded data A obtained by performing error correction on the encoded bits.
Then, the LLRs of the encoded bits and the decoded data A output from the decoder A30-1 are input to the repeated number controller A31-1. The repeated number controller (repetition controller) A31-1, which counts the repeated number of times, controls repetition based on whether or not the repeated number of times is the predetermined number of times. If the repeated operation is not repeated, the decoded data A is output to the determining unit A37-1. If the repeated operation is repeated, the LLRs of the encoded bits are output to the interleaver A32-1. The LLRs of the encoded bits are arranged by the interleaver A32-1 similarly to the arrangement performed by the interleaver A2 of the mobile station device A80a, and input to the replica generator A33-1.
The replica generator A33-1 generates the signal replica S1rep in proportion to the reliability according to the LLRs of the encoded bits. For example, when QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is used as a modulation scheme, and LLRs of bits constituting a QPSK symbol corresponding to the k-th index are real numbers λ1(k) and λ2(k), the signal replica S1rep(k) can be expressed as an expression (69).
The signal replica s1rep(k) generated by the generator A33-1 using the expression (69) is input to the signal equalizer A27-1 to reconfigure only desired signal elements using the expression (68) at the time of equalization. At the same time, the signal replica s1rep(k) is converted by the S/P converter A34-1 into parallel replicas to be cancelled by the signal canceller A26-1, and then converted by the DFT unit A35-1 into frequency-domain signals. A signal vector indicative of the replicas concerted into the frequency-domain signals is S1rep shown in the expression (67). Then, regarding subcarriers overlapping transmitted signals from the mobile station device A80b, transmitted signals from the mobile station device A80a interfere with the transmitted signals from the mobile station device A80b. Therefore, the interference spectrum selector A36-1 selects the interfering subcarriers.
For example, when the 3rd and 19th subcarriers of the 32 subcarriers interfere with the transmitted signals from the mobile station device A80b, only the 3rd and 19th subcarriers are extracted from the 32 subcarriers, and the remaining subcarriers are changed to 0, thereby generating the frequency-domain interference replica, which is the interference replica S1repint shown in the expression (67). The expression (67) is used when signals from the mobile station device A80a are demodulated, and therefore signals from the mobile station device A80b are regarded as interference. For this reason, the interference replica S2repint assigned a suffix 2rep is used.
In other words, 2rep shown in the expression (67) indicates that signals from the mobile station device A80b interfere with signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80a.
Then, the signals output from the interference selectors are input to the signal cancellers A26-1 and A26-2. Then, detection of signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80a performed by the signal canceller A26-1 to the interference spectrum selector A36-1 and detection of signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80b performed by the signal canceller A26-2 to the interference spectrum selector A36-2 are repeatedly performed in parallel. These repeated operations are performed the predetermined number of times controlled by the repetition controllers A31-1 and A31-2. Then, the determining unit A37-1 obtains decoded data A corresponding to the transmission data A of the mobile station device A80a. The determining unit A37-2 obtains decoded data B corresponding to the transmission data B of the mobile station device A80b.
Although it has been explained in the seventh embodiment that the operation for the signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80a and the operation for the signals transmitted from the mobile station device A80b are performed in parallel, targets for these signal operations may alternately be changed so as to serially detect the signals, and thereby the blocks of the signal cancellers A26-1 and A26-2 and the later blocks can be shared.
According to the seventh embodiment, even if at least some subcarriers of multiple data signals transmitted from multiple transmission devices (mobile station devices) to the same reception device (base station device) using SC-ASA overlaps and thereby interfere with each other, the reception device detects each signal, generates replicas of transmitted signals based on the reliability of the signals, and thereby interfering subcarriers are transferred to each other. Accordingly, the interfering signals, which are problematic when the signals transmitted from each mobile station device are detected, can be regarded as known signals. Consequently, all the interference can be removed, and therefore the signals can be demultiplexed and detected. Therefore, even if overlapping subcarriers having high reception quality and high transmission efficiency are allocated to the multiple transmission devices, subcarriers having good transmission efficiency can be allocated to each transmission device,
Additionally, signal cancelling and equalization are performed using replicas of transmitted signals before the transmission device has mapped frequency-domain signals onto subcarriers. Accordingly, calculation may be performed only for the subcarriers, the number of which is smaller than the number of all subcarriers included in the entire transmission band of the transmission device, thereby enabling a reduction in the amounts of calculation for the signal cancelling and equalization.
Further, as long as the interference spectrum selectors A36-1 and A36-2 extract only the least subcarriers causing interference, the amount of calculation required for generating known interference signals can be reduced.
An eighth embodiment explains a radio communication system including a base station device A71 and the mobile station devices A80a and A80b, in which the base station device A71 repeatedly cancels interference signals in the time-domain to serially detect multiple desired signals.
As shown in
The channel-characteristic demapping-and-selecting unit A105 is the same as one of the seventh embodiment shown in
Operations of like blocks in the seventh and eighth embodiments are basically the same, and therefore explanations thereof are omitted here. Hereinafter, the difference from the base station device A70 that cancels interference signals received from other users in the frequency domain as shown in
According to the eighth embodiment, substantially the same effect as that in the case of cancelling in the frequency domain (seventh embodiment) can be achieved. Additionally, if blocks having reference numerals larger than that of the S/P converter A108 are provided for two systems, parallel operation can be performed. Therefore, according to the present invention, cancelling in the time-or-frequency domain, serial detection by one system, and parallel detection by multiple systems can freely combined.
The ninth embodiment explains a detection method using cancelling without repeated operations. A radio communication system according to the ninth embodiment includes a base station device A72 that is a reception device, and two mobile station devices A82a and A82b that are transmission devices.
The mobile station device A82a shown in
As shown in
The antenna A240 to the spectral demapping unit A225 shown in
Hereinafter, detection of signals is explained. With respect to frequency-domain received signals corresponding to respective transmission data pieces output from the spectral demapping unit A225, a received signal of a subcarrier including the transmission data C is input to the first signal equalizer A226 to detect the transmission data C first. Then, operations up to one performed by the first decoder A229 are performed similarly to the seventh and eighth embodiments to output determination values or LLRs of respective bits. In this case, some subcarriers of the received signals corresponding to the transmission data C interfere with signals corresponding to transmission data D, but are regarded as unknown interference to detect the transmission data C.
The determination value of each bit output from the decoder A229 is processed as decoded data C as it is. At the same time, the decoded data is interleaved by the interleaver A230 to generate interference replicas for detecting transmission data D. Then, the interleaved data is input to the replica generator A231, and thereby frequency-domain signal replicas are generated through the S/P converter A232 and the second DFT unit A233. The frequency-domain signal replicas are converted by the S/P converter A232 into parallel replicas. Then, the DFT unit A233 performs DFT to convert the parallel replicas into frequency-domain signal replicas.
The interference spectrum selector A234 multiplies the frequency-domain signal replicas by a complex gain of a channel corresponding to the number of an interference subcarrier input from the channel-characteristic selector A222-1 to generate interference replicas. The interference signal canceller A235 removes the generated interference replicas from received signals of subcarriers including transmission data D input from the spectral demapping unit A225 to cancel only interference elements. The received signals from which interference has been cancelled are equalized by the second signal equalizer A236 and converted by the second demodulator A237 into respective encoded bits. Then, arrangement of the encoded bits is returned by the second deinterleaver A238 to the original arrangement. Then, the rearranged encoded bits are subjected to the error correction decoding performed by the second decoder A239, and thereby decoded data D can be obtained.
According to the ninth embodiment, the mobile station devices A82a and A82b on the transmitting side preliminarily process one group of signals so as to be easily decoded. Then, the base station device A72 preferentially detects signals that are easier to be decoded. The detected signals are regarded as known interference when the other group of signals is detected, and thereby both groups of signals can be detected. Additionally, not all subcarriers are used for generating interference replicas, and only subcarriers causing the interference are extracted by the interference spectrum selector A234, thereby reducing the amount of calculation required.
As operations to enable easy decoding on the receiving side, not only the encoding rate, but also a modulation scheme or transmission power may be controlled on the transmitting side. Additionally, the base station device A72 may determine the encoding rate, the modulation scheme, and the transmission power as well as the spectrum allocation, and transit these items to the mobile station devices A82a and A82b. Although it has been explained in the ninth embodiment that the two mobile station devices A82a and A82b have different configurations, one mobile station device may include multiple transmission antennas and perform the same operations.
The seventh to ninth embodiments have explained the transmission device that perform DFT to spread signals to the frequency domain, performs IDFT to convert the frequency-domain signals into time-domain signals, and transmits the time-domain signals, and the reception device corresponding to the transmission device. A tenth embodiment explains a system performing not DFT, but frequency spreading by multiplying transmitted signals by spreading codes. When orthogonal codes indicated by phase rotations are used as spreading codes, the same signals as in the case of spreading by DFT are generated, thereby reducing PAPR characteristics and peak powers of transmitted signals. If the peak power is so high as to exceed a performance limit of an amplifier when amplifying transmitted signals to obtain transmission powers, waveforms are distorted. However, the peak power is reduced in this manner, thereby enabling a reduction in distortion of waveforms at the time of amplification. The tenth embodiment explains a case where frequency spreading is performed using phase-rotation orthogonal spreading codes.
C1 to C64 shown in
Also when phase-rotation orthogonal spreading codes are used instead of DFT, signals similar to ones in the case of DFT can be generated, thereby enabling transmission of the present invention with spectrum allocation in which some overlapping subcarriers are shared with another user. Accordingly, the reception device may be the base station device A70 having the configuration shown in
As explained above, the tenth embodiment has explained the case where orthogonal codes indicated by phase rotations are used for frequency spreading. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other orthogonal codes may be used for frequency spreading.
It has been explained in
Regarding an overlapping-subcarrier rate determining method using received SNR according to the present embodiment, specifically, some thresholds regarding received SNR are preliminarily set, while the thresholds are correlated with the number of subcarriers allowed to overlap. The greater the threshold is, a greater value is set to the number of overlapping subcarriers. Then, a received SNR of each user (average with respect to the band or some subcarriers) is measured. Then, it is determined in which range of one of the preliminarily set thresholds a result of the measurement is included, and thereby the number of overlapping subcarriers is calculated. In this case, if there is a big difference in received SNR among multiple users, the smallest SNR may be compared to the threshold to determine the rate of overlapping subcarriers. Thus, the smallest received SNR among multiple users is regarded as a reference, and thereby the reception device can properly demodulate signals transmitted from each user while preventing the number of overlapping subcarriers from increasing.
Apart from this, the rate of overlapping subcarriers can be determined using the input-output relationship of the mutual information amounts between the signal equalizers A27-1 and A27-2 of the seventh embodiment and the input-output relationship of the mutual information amounts between the decoders A30-1 and A30-2 of the seventh embodiment. Also in the eighth embodiment, the rate can be similarly determined using the signal equalizer A112 and the decoder A115. Hereinafter, as a method of determining the rate of overlapping subcarriers using the input-output relationship of the mutual information amounts, a determining method using an EXIT (Extrinsic Information Transfer) chart for analyzing internal repeated operations such as the turbo principle is explained.
As shown in
A viewpoint of
Then, since the output mutual information amount of the signal equalizer A27-1 is the input mutual information amount of the decoder A30-1, the output mutual information amount of the decoder A30-1 shifts as indicated by the doted line, and then shifts to a point B. After similar operations are repeated, the mutual information amount shifts to points C, D, E, and F (F is called an end point), and thus the internal state during the repeated operations is illustrated. The end point when a value on the horizontal axis is 1 indicates that all of other interference elements are cancelled, and the value is the rate of the received power of only the desired signals to noise power.
In other words, even if other signals are multiplexed at the time of transmission, the other signals are cancelled by means of interference replicas. Accordingly, perfect demultiplexing can be performed irrespective of other signals. The dotted line indicating this movement is called an EXIT locus. In this case, it can be determined whether or not transmission data can be detected by the repeated operations. If the curve of the decoder does not cross the line of the signal equalizer and is under the line of the signal equalizer as shown in
In the case of
On the other hand, if L subcarriers are required to overlap, the curve L306 of the decoder is shifted downward. To implement this, the encoding rate may be reduced, and the resistance to the interference in the early stage of the repeated operations may be enhanced.
Thus, when the encoding rate is fixed, the number of overlapping subcarriers can be changed, and an EXIT locus is drawn, and thereby the number of overlapping subcarriers can be determined. On the other hand, when the number of overlapping subcarriers is limited, the encoding rate of the decoder is reduced so that a line of the decoder shifts downward. Therefore, the encoding rate or an encoding method (such as turbo coding or convolution coding) may be changed. Consequently, flexibility can be enhanced when the system design is optimized.
When the repeated operations are not performed as in the case of the ninth embodiment, the operation ends at the point B shown in
Regarding the scheduling method of the present embodiment shown in
z(k) denotes a function indicative of the number of spectra (signals) overlapping each subcarrier. In step Sa3, y(x)=0 for all users x (x denotes the user number). y(x) denotes a function indicative of the number of overlapping subcarriers shared by user x and another user. In the twelfth embodiment, scheduling is performed such that y(x) is equal to or less than the predetermined number of subcarriers (for example, the number set in the eleventh embodiment, which is denoted as A).
In the present embodiment, each user sequentially selects a subcarrier one by one. In the following operations, a subcarrier corresponding to the user number “x” is selected. In step Sa4, however, x=1 for the first operation, and then a subcarrier corresponding to the user number “1” is selected. Then, a subcarrier having the highest received SNR or SINR among selectable subcarriers corresponding to the user number “x” is set as a candidate subcarrier, as shown in step Sa5. When the number of subcarrier set as the candidate subcarrier is k, it is determined in step Sa6 whether or not the value of the function z(k) for the candidate subcarrier k is 0.
If z(k)=0, i.e., if the candidate subcarrier k is not selected by any user, the routine proceeds to step Sa7 in which the candidate subcarrier k is allocated to the user corresponding to the user number “x”, and 1 is added to z(k). If z(k)≠0, i.e., if the candidate subcarrier k is selected by another user, the routine proceeds to step Sa1 in which it is determined whether or not y(x) is smaller than the predetermined subcarrier number A. If y(x)≧A as a result of the determination in step Sa11, the user corresponding to the user number “x” cannot share the overlapping subcarrier used by the other user any more, and therefore the routine proceeds to step Sa12 in which the candidate subcarrier k is deleted from the selectable subcarriers corresponding to the user number “x”. Then, the routine returns to step Sa5 in which a subcarrier having the highest received SNR or SINR among the selectable subcarriers other than the candidate subcarrier deleted in step Sa12 is set as a candidate subcarrier for another allocation to be tried.
On the other hand, if y(x)<A as the result of the determination in step Sa11, the user corresponding to the user number “x” can share the overlapping subcarrier used by the other user. Then, the routine proceeds to step Sa13 in which it is determined whether or not the number of users already allocated to the candidate subcarrier k (users having already selected the candidate subcarrier k) is 1. If the number of users already allocated to the candidate subcarrier k is not 1 (i.e., equal to or greater than 2), 1 is added to y(x) in step Sa16, the candidate subcarrier k is allocated to the user corresponding to the user number “x” in step Sa7, and then 1 is added to z(k).
If it is determined in step Sa13 that the number of users already allocated to the candidate subcarrier k is 1, the routine proceeds to step Sa14 in which it is determined whether or not y(x′) with respect to the user x′ already allocated to the candidate subcarrier k is smaller than the predetermined number of subcarriers A. If y(x′)≧A, the user corresponding to the user number x′ cannot share the overlapping subcarrier used by the other user any more, the user corresponding to the user number x, who wants to share the candidate subcarrier k with the other user corresponding to the user number x′, cannot select the candidate subcarrier k. Therefore, the routine proceeds from step Sa14 to step Sa12 in which the candidate subcarrier k is deleted from the selectable subcarriers with respect to the user number x, then returns to step S5 in which another subcarrier allocation is tried.
If y(x′)<A in step Sa14, the user x′ can share an overlapping subcarrier with other users (user x in this case). Therefore, 1 is added to y(x′) and y(x) in step Sa15 and Sa16, and then the routine proceeds to step Sa7 in which the candidate subcarrier k is allocated to the user corresponding to the user number x.
After subcarriers are allocated in step Sa7, the candidate subcarrier k is deleted from the selectable subcarriers with respect to the user x in step Sa8. Then, the user number corresponding to a user currently targeted for allocation in step Sa9 is compared to the number of all users to determine whether or not one cycle of allocation to every user is performed. If the user number corresponding to the user currently targeted for allocation in step Sa9 is not identical to the number of all users, one cycle of allocation to every user has not yet been performed, and there are users who have not yet selected the same number of subcarriers other users have already selected. Therefore, the user number is updated in step Sa17, and then the routine returns to step Sa5.
If the user number corresponding to the user currently targeted for allocation in step Sa9 is identical to the number of all users, it indicates that one cycle of allocation to every user has already been performed. Therefore, the routine proceeds to step Sa10 in which z(k) are added for all the subcarriers, and then divided by the number of all users, and then it is determined whether or not the calculated number is identical to the number of subcarriers to be allocated to each user. If those numbers are identical to each other, it indicates that all subcarriers to be allocated have already been allocated. Then, the scheduling of the twelfth embodiment ends. If those numbers are not identical to each other, it indicates that all subcarriers to be allocated have not yet been allocated. Therefore, the routine returns to step Sa4 in which allocation is sequentially performed from the user 1 once again.
Conventionally, even if subcarriers having good received SNR or SINR are included in a transmittable band, and if the subcarriers are used by another device, the subcarriers cannot be used. For this reason, scheduling for determining which subcarrier is to be allocated to which transmission device is determined based on the usage of the other device, thereby making the scheduling algorithm complex.
According to the scheduling of the present embodiment, however, allocation can be performed in which the predetermined number of subcarriers or less can be shared with other users. Accordingly, scheduling can be performed without much consideration of the usage of subcarriers allocated to other users, thereby expanding a range of selectable subcarriers, and therefore achieving communication using subcarriers having better channel conditions. Additionally, the number of users to be simultaneously transmitted might be increased. For this reason, this scheduling may be called flexible scheduling in which limited resources can be efficiently used.
Although
Generally, in a radio communication system, such as a cellular system, frames are formed by time-multiplexing multiple DFT-S-OFDM symbols (hereinafter called DFT-S-OFDM symbols) and then are transmitted.
As shown in
Although it has been explained in the seventh to fourteenth embodiments that the radio communication system includes two mobile station devices that are transmission devices, the number of mobile station devices may be greater than 2. In this case, the maximum number of mobile station devices that can simultaneously allocate signals to one subcarrier is two in the case of the above configuration of each base station device. However, for example, if the number of groups each including the reference numerals A19-1, A21-1, A22-1, A26-1, A27-1, A28-1, A29-1, A30-1, A31-1, A32-1, A33-1, A34-1, A35-1, A36-1, and A37-1 is increased, the maximum number of mobile station devices that can be simultaneously allocated can be increased up to the increased number of the groups.
It has been assumed in the seventh to fourteenth embodiments that each radio communication system is one in which the mobile station device is the transmission device, and the reception device is the base station device. However, the radio communication system may be one using wireless LAN in which the reception device is a base station, and a transmission device is a terminal including the spectrum-allocation determining unit.
Programs for implementing the functions of the encoder 1, the converter 2, the S/P converter 3, the DFT units 4-1 and 4-2, the mapping units 5-1 and 5-2, the IDFT units 6-1 and 6-2, the GI inserters 7-1 and 7-2, and the P/S converters 8-1 and 8-2, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of the encoder 1, the modulator 2, the S/P converter 3, the DFT unit 4-1, the mapping unit 5-3, the IDFT units 6-1 and 6-2, the GI inserters 7-1 and 7-2, and the P/S converters 8-1 and 8-2, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: CP removers 106 and 107; S/P converters 108, 109, 135, and 136; DFT units 110, 111, 116, 117, 137, 138, 139, and 140; channel estimators 112 and 113; a canceller 114; signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115; a spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 118; IDFT units 119, 120, 121, 122, 142, and 143; P/S converters 123 and 124; demodulators 125 and 126; decoders 127 and 128; repetition controllers 129 and 130; determining units 131 and 132; replica generators 133 and 134; a spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141; a channel multiplier 144; a channel reconfiguring unit 145; a spectrum determining unit 146; an interference-power estimator 147; and a transmitter 148, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: CP removers 106 and 107; S/P converters 108, 109, 135, and 136; DFT units 110, 111, 116, 117, 137, 138, 139, and 140; channel estimators 112 and 113; a canceller 114; signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 115; a spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 118; IDFT units 119, 120, 121, and 122; P/S converters 123 and 124; demodulators 125 and 126; decoders 127 and 128; repetition controllers 129 and 130; determining units 131 and 132; replica generators 133 and 134; a spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141; a channel multiplier 144; a channel reconfiguring unit 145; a spectrum determining unit 146; an interference-power estimator 147; and a transmitter 148, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: CP removers 106, 107, 316, and 317; S/P converters 108, 109, 318, 319, 135, and 136; DFT units 110, 111, 320, 321, 137, 138, 139, and 140; channel estimators 112, 113, 322, and 323; a canceller 114; signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 300; a spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 301; IDFT units 119, 120, 121, and 122; P/S converters 123 and 124; demodulators 125 and 126; decoders 127 and 128; repetition controllers 129 and 130; determining units 131 and 132; replica generators 133 and 134; a spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141; a channel multiplier 144; a channel reconfiguring unit 302; a spectrum determining unit 146; an interference-power estimator 147; and a transmitter 148, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: DFT units 110 and 111; channel estimators 112 and 113; IDFT units 119, 120, 121, and 122; P/S converters 123 and 124; demodulators 125 and 126; decoders 127 and 128; repetition controllers 129 and 130; determining units 131 and 132; replica generators 133 and 134; S/P converters 135 and 136; DFT units 137, 138, 139, and 140; a spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 141; a channel multiplier 144; a channel reconfiguring unit 145; signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing units 201-1 and 201-2; and a spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 500, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the DFT units 110 and 111; the channel estimators 112 and 113; the canceller 200; the signal equalizing-and-demultiplexing unit 201; the channel reconfiguring unit 221; the channel multiplier 220; the spatial-and-spectral demapping unit 501; the spatial-and-spectral mapping unit 502; the IDFT unit 115 and 117; the P/S converter 120; the demodulator 122; the decoder 124; the repetition controller 205; the determining unit 207; the replica generator 210; the S/P converter 212; and the DFT units 215 and 216, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of the encoder 1, the modulator 2, the S/P converter 3, the spreading-and-multiplexing units 50-1 and 50-2, the mapping unit 5-1 and 5-2, the IDFT units 6-1 and 6-2, the GI inserters 7-1 and 7-2, the P/S converters 8-1 and 8-2, and the receiver 11, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the encoder A1; the interleaver A2; the modulator A3; the S/P converter A4; the DFT unit A5; the spectral mapping unit A6; the IDFT unit A7; the P/S converter A8; the pilot signal generator A9; the pilot multiplexer A10; and the CP inserter A11, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the CP remover A17; the pilot demultiplexer A18; the channel estimator A19-1 and A19-2; the spectrum-allocation determining unit A20; the channel-characteristic demapping units A21-2 and A21-2; the channel characteristic selectors A22-1 and A22-2; the S/P converter A23; the DFT unit A24; the spectral demapping unit A25; the signal cancellers A26-1 and A26-2; the signal equalizers A27-1 and A27-2; the demodulators A28-1 and A28-2; the deinterleavers A29-1 and A29-2; the signal equalizers A27-1 and A27-2; the demodulators A28-1 and A28-2; the deinterleavers A29-1 and A29-2; the decoders A30-1 and A30-2; the repeated number controllers A31-1 and A31-2; the interleavers A32-1 and A32-2; the replica generators A33-1 and A33-2; the S/P converters A34-1 and A34-2; the DFT units A35-1 and A35-2; and the interference spectrum selectors A36-1 and A36-2, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the CP remover A102; the pilot demultiplexer A103; the channel estimators A104-1 and A104-2; the channel-characteristic demapping-and-selecting units A105-1 and A105-2; the interference signal canceller A107; the S/P converter A108; the DFT unit A109; the spectral demapping unit A110; the desired signal canceller A111; the signal equalizer A112; the demodulator A113; the deinterleaver A114; the decoder A115; the repeated number controller A116; the interleaver A117; the replica generator A118; the S/P converter A119; the DFT unit A120; the interference spectrum selector A121; the spectral mapping unit A122; the IDFT unit A123; the P/S converter A124; the determining unit A125; and the spectrum-allocation determining unit A127, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the encoders A200a and A200b; the interleaver A202; the modulator A202; the S/P converter A203; the DFT unit A205; the spectral mapping unit A206; the IDFT unit A207; the P/S converter A208; the pilot signal generator A209; the pilot multiplexer A210; the CP inserter A211; and the D/A converter A212, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the CP remover A217; the pilot demultiplexer A218; the channel estimators A219-1 and A219-2; the spectrum-allocation determining unit A220; the channel-characteristic demapping units A221-1 and A221-2; the channel-characteristic selector A222-1; the S/P converter A223; the DFT unit A224; the spectral demapping unit A225; the signal equalizer A226; the demodulator A227; the deinterleaver A228; the decoder A229; the interleaver A230; the replica generator A231; the S/P converter A232; the DFT unit A233; the interference spectrum selector A234; the interference signal canceller A235; the signal equalizer A236; the demodulator A237; the deinterleaver A238; and the decoder A239, which are shown in
Programs for implementing the functions of: the encoder A1; the interleaver A2; the modulator A3; the S/P converter A3; the spreading-and-multiplexing unit A300; the spectral mapping unit A6; the IDFT unit A7; the P/S converter A8; the pilot signal generator A9; the pilot multiplexer A10; and the CP inserter A11, which are shown in
The “computer system” described here includes OS and hardware, such as peripheral devices. The “computer-readable recording medium” includes a portable medium, such as flexible disk, an optical disc, an ROM, a CD-ROM, and the like, and a storage device such as a hard disk installed in a computer system. The “computer-readable recording medium” includes a medium dynamically storing a program for a short period, such as a communication line when a program is transmitted through a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. Additionally, the “computer-readable recording medium” includes a medium storing a program for a given period, such as volatile memory in a computer system of a server or a client in the above case. The program may be one for implementing a part of the aforementioned functions or one for implementing the aforementioned functions by combining another program stored in the computer system.
As explained above, embodiments of the present invention has been explained with reference to the drawings. The specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The present invention is suitable to, but not limited to, a mobile communication system performing uplink communication from a mobile station device to a base station device using SC-ASA.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-210936 | Aug 2007 | JP | national |
| 2007-210937 | Aug 2007 | JP | national |
This application is a Divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 12/673,340 filed on Feb. 12, 2010, and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §120, application Ser. No. 12/673,340 is the national phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2008/064545 filed on Aug. 13, 2008 under 35 U.S.C. §371, which claims the benefit of priority of JP2007-210936 filed Aug. 13, 2007, and JP2007-210937 filed Aug. 13, 2007. The entire contents of each of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20140185594 A1 | Jul 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12673340 | US | |
| Child | 14199538 | US |
