The present invention relates to a radio transmitting apparatus, radio receiving apparatus and precoding method.
To realize data rates over 100 Mbps for the next generation mobile communication system, various studies are underway for radio transmission schemes that are suitable for high speed packet transmission. Because it is necessary to widen the bandwidth of the frequency band to be used to perform such high speed packet transmission, studies are going on to use the bandwidth around 100 MHz.
If such wideband transmission is performed in mobile communication, it is known that a communication channel becomes a frequency selective channel formed with a plurality of paths of varying delay times. Therefore, with wideband transmission in mobile communication, preceding symbols interfere with subsequent symbols, causing inter-symbol interference (“ISI”) and deteriorating error rate performance. Further, in a frequency selective channel, the channel transfer function fluctuates in the frequency band and therefore the spectrum of a signal that propagates through such a channel is received and is distorted.
The equalization technique provides a technique for canceling the influence of ISI and improving error rate performance. The equalization technique includes frequency domain equalization (“FDE”) used in radio receiving apparatuses. FDE is directed to dividing a received block into quadrature frequency components by performing a fast Fourier transform (“FFT”), multiplying each frequency component by an equalization weight, which is an approximation of the reciprocal of the channel transfer function, and then performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (“IFFT”) of each frequency component into a time domain signal. This FDE can compensate for the spectrum distortion of a received block, so that ISI is reduced and error rate performance is improved.
Further, recently, studies are going on to combine Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (hereinafter, “THP”) with FDE as the transmission equalization technique of the precoding technique (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). That is, studies are going on to perform THP of transmission blocks in a radio transmitting apparatus and perform FDE of received blocks in a radio receiving apparatus. THP refers to processing of sequentially subtracting interference components from transmission blocks based on channel information. This THP makes it possible to cancel in advance the interference components which are added to transmission blocks, reduce ISI and improve error rate performance. Meanwhile, in case where channel information is completely learned, transmission to suppress ISI completely is possible. For example, even in case where frequency selective fading deteriorates the received level of frequency components significantly, and interference components are not removed because the frequency components are not completely equalized by performing FDE, it is possible to prevent deterioration of error rate performance by combining THP with FDE to remove interference components in advance.
Non-Patent Document 1: “Single-Carrier Transmission with Frequency-Domain Equalization Using Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding,” K. Takeda, H. Tomeba, F. Adachi, IEICE Technical Report, RCS2006-41, pp. 37-42, 2006-6
Here, according to computer simulation performed by the inventors of the present invention, upon QPSK modulation error rate performance 11 in case where only FDE is used and error rate performance 12 in case where THP is combined with FDE, are as shown in
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a radio transmitting apparatus, radio receiving apparatus and precoding method for improving error rate performance in mobile communication where precoding is combined with FDE.
The radio transmitting apparatus according to the present invention employs a configuration which includes: a modulating section that employs a first modulation scheme in which a level of error rate performance improvement by precoding is low and a second modulation scheme in which the level of the error rate performance improvement by the precoding is high, and that modulates transmission data according to the second modulation scheme to generate a symbol; a repetition section that repeats the symbol to acquire a plurality of symbols; a precoding section that performs the precoding with respect to the plurality of symbols; and a transmitting section that transmits the plurality of symbols after the precoding.
The present invention makes it possible to improve error rate performance, in mobile communication where precoding is combined with FDE.
According to computer simulation performed by the inventors of the present invention, upon 16 QAM modulation error rate performance 21 in case where only FDE is used and error rate performance 22 in case where THP is combined with FDE, are as shown in
Accordingly, in case where THP is combined with FDE, while the level of error rate performance improvement by THP is low with the first modulation scheme (for example, QPSK in
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With the present embodiment, in case where THP is combined with FDE, transmission data is modulated according to the second modulation scheme of the first modulation scheme and second modulation scheme.
With the present embodiment, a radio transmitting apparatus transmits single carrier signals subjected to THP, to a radio receiving apparatus, and the radio receiving apparatus performs FDE of the single carrier signals. Further, there are radio receiving apparatuses according to the present embodiment that perform FDE, and, in addition, radio receiving apparatuses that do not perform FDE. Hereinafter, the configurations of the radio transmitting apparatus and radio receiving apparatus according to the present embodiment will be explained.
In radio transmitting apparatus 100 shown in
Repetition section 102 repeats the symbol sequence received as input from modulating section 101 (i.e. repetition), to acquire a plurality of symbol sequences. Here, the number of symbol sequences acquired in repetition section 102 is determined based on the repetition factor received as input from repetition factor determining section 104. By this means, a block in which a plurality of identical symbol sequences are arranged consecutively in the time domain is formed. Then, repetition section 102 outputs the block of a time domain signal, to precoding section 105.
From a receiving section (not shown), modulation scheme determining section 103 receives as input channel information which is fed back from radio receiving apparatus 200 and which shows the transmission characteristics of the channel. Then, modulation scheme determining section 103 determines the modulation scheme for transmission data transmitted to a radio receiving apparatus that performs FDE, with reference to the table shown in
Here, the table shown in
Repetition factor determining section 104 determines the repetition factor (“RF”) for a symbol sequence with reference to the table shown in
Here, as shown in
Using THP, precoding section 105 precodes the block received as input from repetition section 102. THP for a block formed with Nc symbols is implemented by a feedback filter of maximum Nc taps and a Modulo operation circuit. Further, the number of symbols Nc forming one block is the same as the number of symbols subjected to FDE in radio receiving apparatus 200. To be more specific, in THP, when an input block s=[s(Nc−1) . . . s(0)]T of a block length Nc formed with symbols s(t)(t=0 to Nc−1) is received as input, the output block x=[x(Nc−1) . . . x(0)]T is determined by following equation 1.
(Equation 1)
x=s−Fx+2Mzi [1]
Here, the matrix F is the filter coefficient matrix at the time each symbol is received as input, and can be represented by following equation 2.
[2]
ft,t+τ refers to the τ-th feedback coefficient at the time the symbol s(t) is received as input. Feedback coefficients use the impulse response of a channel other than desired wave components in channel information received as input in precoding section 105. Further, zt=[zt(Nc−1) . . . zt(0)]T is an equivalent representation of a Modulo operation. The Modulo operation transforms the real part and the imaginary part of a signal acquired in loop processing of a feedback filter, within the range of [−M, M] to stabilize outputs of THP. Further, in equation 1, the symbol s(t) satisfies −M≦{Re[s(t)], Im[s(t)]}<M. Then, precoding section 105 outputs the block subjected to THP, to GI (Guard Interval) adding section 106.
GI adding section 106 adds the rear portion of the block, as a GI, to the head of the block received as input from precoding section 105. Meanwhile, a signal formed with a block and a GI added to the head of the block, may be referred to as a “slot.”
Radio transmitting section 107 performs radio transmission processing such as D/A conversion, amplification and up-conversion with respect to the block to which a GI is added, and transmits the signal from antenna 108 to radio receiving section 200 (
Radio receiving section 202 of radio receiving apparatus 200 shown in
GI removing section 203 removes the GI from the single carrier signal after radio receiving processing, and outputs the signal from which the GI has been removed, to FFT section 204.
FFT section 204 performs an FFT of a signal received as input from GI removing section 203, on a per block basis, to transform each time domain signal block, into a frequency domain signal. To be more specific, FFT section 204 performs an Nc-point FFT of a block of a block length Nc transmitted from radio transmitting apparatus 100 (
FDE section 205 performs FDE of the frequency domain signal received as input from FFT section 204, that is, the frequency components R(k)(k=0 to Nc−1). To be more specific, FDE section 205 multiplies each frequency component by an equalization weight w(k)(k=0 to Nc−1). That is, FDE is equivalent to linear filtering processing that uses w(k)(k=0 to Nc−1) as the transfer function. Then, FDE section 205 outputs the frequency components subjected to FDE, to IFFT section 206.
IFFT section 206 performs an IFFT of the frequency components received as input from FDE section 205, on a per block basis, to transform the frequency components into a time domain signal block. To be more specific, IFFT section 206 performs an Nc-point IFFT of Nc frequency components, to transform the Nc frequency components into a time domain signal block formed with Nc symbols. IFFT section 206 outputs the block subjected to the IFFT, to combining section 207.
Combining section 207 separates the block received as input from IFFT section 206 into a plurality of symbol sequences based on the number of times of combining received as input from combining count determining section 209. Then, combining section 207 generates a combined symbol sequence by combining a plurality of symbol sequences. Further, combining section 207 outputs the combined symbol sequence to demodulating section 208.
Demodulating section 208 demodulates the combined symbol sequence received as input from combining section 207, according to the modulation scheme notified from modulation scheme determining section 210 to acquire combined data. Received data is obtained as above explanation.
Combining count determining section 209 determines the number of times of combining the symbol sequence with reference to the table shown in
Modulation scheme determining section 210 determines the modulation scheme for demodulating the combined symbol sequence with reference to the table shown in
Next, the operation of radio transmitting apparatus 100 having the above configuration will be explained in detail.
The details will be explained below. Here, assume that transmission data has 256 bits and one block has 128 symbols. Further, in the upper rows and middle rows of the tables shown in
Modulating section 101 modulates transmission data of 256 bits transmitted to a radio receiving apparatus (not shown) that does not perform FDE, by QPSK to generate a symbol sequence of 128 symbols. Then, the symbol sequence repetition factor is one as shown in
By contrast with this, modulating section 101 modulates transmission data of 256 bits transmitted to radio receiving apparatus 200 (
In this way, with QPSK and 16 QAM associated with the same channel quality, even if the modulation scheme for a radio receiving apparatus that does not perform FDE is QPSK, transmission data transmitted to radio receiving apparatus 200 that performs FDE is modulated by 16 QAM, so that it is possible to improve error rate performance as shown in
Further, with QPSK and 16 QAM associated with the same channel quality, while transmission data of 256 bits is transmitted with QPSK using 128 symbols, transmission data can be transmitted with 16 QAM using 64 symbols, which is half of 128 symbols. That is, by modulating 256 bits by 16 QAM, a margin of 64 symbols is produced in the time domain. Then, as shown in
In this way, according to the present embodiment, with the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme associated with the same channel quality, when the modulation scheme for a radio receiving apparatus that does not perform FDE is the first modulation scheme, a radio transmitting apparatus that performs THP modulates transmission data transmitted to a radio receiving apparatus that performs FDE, according to the second modulation scheme. That is, for a radio receiving apparatus that performs FDE, modulation is performed using only a second modulation scheme that shows the high level of error rate performance improvement by THP. Consequently, it is possible to improve error rate performance reliably in a radio communication system that performs precoding.
Further, according to the present embodiment, the radio transmitting apparatus can adaptively determine a modulation scheme that provides optimal error rate performance, depending on whether or not a radio receiving apparatus as a transmission destination of transmission data performs FDE. Consequently, even when there are radio receiving apparatuses that perform FDE and radio receiving apparatuses that do not perform FDE, it is possible to improve error rate performance reliably.
Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, in the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme that are associated with the same channel quality and that are used for a radio receiving apparatus that does not perform FDE and a radio receiving apparatus that performs FDE, respectively, symbol sequences generated using the second modulation scheme are repeated. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a time diversity effect can be acquired by repeating symbol sequences, so that it is possible to further improve error rate performance.
Further, although a radio receiving apparatus that performs FDE and a radio receiving apparatus that does not perform FDE has been explained in a fixed fashion with the present embodiment, whether or not a radio receiving apparatus performs FDE may be switched adaptively. At this time, by reporting information indicating whether or not a radio receiving apparatus performs FDE, from this radio receiving apparatus to a radio transmitting apparatus, the radio transmitting apparatus decides a type of the radio receiving apparatus.
Further, although, with the present embodiment, the second modulation scheme and the first modulation scheme associated with the same channel quality are 16 QAM and QPSK, respectively, the first modulation scheme is not limited to QPSK and, further, the second modulation scheme is not limited to 16 QAM. For example, the second modulation scheme may be 64 QAM and 256 QAM. In case where the second modulation scheme is 64 QAM, that is, the M-ary modulation number is 64, it is possible to transmit three times as many as bits using the same number of symbols as the first modulation scheme of QPSK (where the M-ary modulation number is four). Therefore, in case where the second modulation scheme and the first modulation scheme associated with the same channel quality are 64 QAM and QPSK, respectively, a symbol sequence is repeated to three sequences. Further, in case where the second modulation scheme is 256 QAM, that is, the M-ary modulation number is 256, it is possible to transmit four times as many as bits using the same number of bits as the first modulation scheme of QPSK. Therefore, in case where the second modulation scheme and the first modulation scheme associated with the same channel quality are 256 QAM and QPSK, respectively, a symbol sequence is repeated to four sequences.
Further, a case has been explained with the present embodiment where the number of a plurality of symbol sequences acquired in repetition section 102, that is, the repetition factor in the table shown in
Further, although a case has been explained with the present embodiment where a plurality of symbol sequences are acquired by repeating a symbol sequence, a plurality of symbols may be acquired by modulating a plurality of items of transmission data acquired by repeating transmission data.
With the present embodiment, transmission data is modulated by one of the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme, and THP is applied to symbol sequences generated using the second modulation scheme and is not applied to symbol sequences generated using the first modulation scheme.
In radio transmitting apparatus 300 shown in
Modulation scheme determining section 302 determines the modulation scheme for transmission data with reference to the table shown in
Controlling section 303 controls precoding section 304 as to whether or not to perform THP, based on the modulation scheme notified from modulation scheme determining section 302. To be more specific, as shown in
Precoding section 304 precodes the block received as input from modulating section 301 using THP, based on the control signal received as input from controlling section 303. To be more specific, in case where the control signal received as input from controlling section 303 indicates that THP will be performed, precoding section 304 precodes the block using THP and outputs the block after THP, to GI adding section 106. By contrast with this, in case where the control signal received as input from controlling section 303 indicates that THP will not be performed, precoding section 304 does not precode the block using THP and outputs the block as is to GI adding section 106.
As described above, in case where THP is combined with FDE, THP provides an advantage of error rate performance improvement only with the second modulation scheme that uses phase information and amplitude information. In other words, as shown in
In this way, according to the present embodiment, the radio transmitting apparatus does not apply THP to generated symbol sequences in case where transmission data is modulated according to the first modulation scheme using only phase information. By this means, it is possible to maintain good error rate performance in case where the first modulation scheme is used, and improve error rate performance in case where the second modulation scheme is used. Consequently, it is possible to improve error rate performance in case where modulation is performed according to one of the first modulation scheme and the second modulation scheme in a radio communication system that performs precoding.
Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce processing of performing THP in case where the first modulation scheme is used, so that it is possible to improve processing efficiency in the radio transmitting apparatus.
Embodiments of the present invention have been explained above.
Further, a radio transmitting apparatus and radio receiving apparatus according to the present invention are suitable for use in radio communication mobile station apparatuses or radio communication base station apparatuses used in, for example, a mobile communication system. By mounting the radio transmitting apparatus and radio receiving apparatus according to the present invention in a radio communication mobile station apparatus or radio communication base station apparatus, it is possible to provide a radio communication mobile station apparatus and radio communication base station apparatus that provide the same operation and effect described above.
Further, with the above embodiments, precoding is performed using THP. However, the present invention is not limited to THP and is applicable to all precoding methods having characteristics that error rate performance is not improved according to modulation schemes using only phase information and error rate performance is improved according to the modulation schemes using phase information and amplitude information.
Further, although, with the above embodiments, QPSK is employed for the first modulation scheme using only phase information, and 16 QAM or 64 QAM is employed for the second modulation scheme using phase information and amplitude information, the first modulation scheme is not limited to QPSK and the second modulation scheme is not limited to 16 QAM or 64 QAM.
Also, although cases have been described with the above embodiment as examples where the present invention is configured by hardware, the present invention can also be realized by software.
Each function block employed in the description of each of the aforementioned embodiments may typically be implemented as an LSI constituted by an integrated circuit. These may be individual chips or partially or totally contained on a single chip. “LSI” is adopted here but this may also be referred to as “IC,” “system LSI,” “super LSI,” or “ultra LSI” depending on differing extents of integration.
Further, the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI's, and implementation using dedicated circuitry or general purpose processors is also possible. After LSI manufacture, utilization of a programmable FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or a reconfigurable processor where connections and settings of circuit cells within an LSI can be reconfigured is also possible.
Further, if integrated circuit technology comes out to replace LSI's as a result of the advancement of semiconductor technology or a derivative other technology, it is naturally also possible to carry out function block integration using this technology. Application of biotechnology is also possible.
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-169431, filed on Jun. 27, 2007, including the specification, drawings and abstract, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention is applicable to, for example, a mobile communication system.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2007-169431 | Jun 2007 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/JP2008/001676 | 6/26/2008 | WO | 00 | 12/22/2009 |