Patent Application
20210078619
The present invention claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-167060, filed on Sep. 13, 2019 and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-135303, filed Aug. 7, 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a railway condition monitoring device, a railway vehicle bogie, a railway vehicle, and a railway brake control device.
A detection device that detects flat wear and the like of wheels has been known (for example, JP S60-000311 A). The detection device described in JP S60-000311 A includes a wheel detector and a shock vibration detection element which are installed at a certain distance along a longitudinal direction of a rail, and a processor that processes output signals of the wheel detector and the shock vibration detection element. The processor determines the presence of the flat wear and the presence of peeling from a magnitude of a vibration signal of the shock vibration detection element and a duration of the shock vibration.
In addition, the processor also processes the output signal of the wheel detector to specify the wheel or the bogie in which the flat wear or the peeling is present.
The inventors have acquired the following recognition for condition detector such as rails and wheels of railways. When the rails, the wheels, and the like of the railways are worn out and fail, there is a risk of affecting an operation of the railway vehicle. From the viewpoint of reducing these failures, it is conceivable to shorten maintenance intervals so that maintenance such as replacement can be performed before the failure. In this case, maintenance man-hours and replacement materials are surplus, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost. On the other hand, if the maintenance intervals are long, there is a high possibility of failure when the rails, the wheels, and the like are worn out faster than expected. Therefore, it is preferable to detect the condition of the rails, the wheels, and the like and determine the maintenance timing based on the detected results.
It is preferable that the condition detector for the rails, the wheels, or the like has high versatility. Since the detection device described in JP S60-000311 A uses the output signals of the wheel detector and the shock vibration detection element installed on the rail at a certain distance related to an inter-vehicle distance, the detection device can perform the detection only on the rail on the wheel detector and the shock vibration detection element are installed, and therefore the versatility of the detection device is not that high.
The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a condition monitoring device for a railway capable of improving versatility.
In order to solve the above problems, a railway condition monitoring device according to an aspect of the present invention includes an acquirer structured to be attached to a railway vehicle bogie and acquire state information on one or more state of vibration, speed, acceleration, sound, reflected light, image, temperature, humidity, and a wheel diameter, a determiner structured to be attached to a bogie, perform a determination of a state of a track on which the bogie travels or a state of the bogie based on the state information acquired by the acquirer, and provide the determination result, a transmitter structured to be attached to the bogie and transmit the determination result to an outside of the bogie, and a power supplier structured to be attached to the bogie and supply power to the acquirer and the transmitter.
Note that any combination described above or the substitutions of components and expressions of the present invention with each other among methods, devices, programs, temporary or non-temporary storage media storing the programs, systems, and the like are also effective as aspects of the present invention.
The invention will now be described by reference to the preferred embodiments. This does not intend to limit the scope of the present invention, but to exemplify the invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred embodiments with reference to each drawing. In embodiments and modifications, the same or equivalent constituent elements and members are designated by the same reference numerals, and the duplicated description thereof will be omitted as appropriate. In addition, dimensions of members in each drawing are shown enlarged or reduced as appropriate for easy understanding. In addition, some of the members that are not important for explaining the embodiment are omitted in each drawing.
In addition, terms including ordinal numbers such as first, second, and the like are used to describe various components, but these terms are used only to distinguish one component from other components, and the components are not limited to these terms.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “condition monitoring device 20”) and a railway brake control device 80 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “brake control device 80”) according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
Each functional block illustrated in each drawing of the present disclosure including
Hereinafter, a front-back direction of the vehicle 100 is simply referred to as a front-back direction, and a width direction of the vehicle 100 is simply referred to as a width direction. The vehicle 100 includes a vehicle body 2, a bogie 10, a brake 18, a condition monitoring device 20, and a brake control device 80. The condition monitoring device 20 includes an acquirer 30, an information processor 40, a power supplier 70, and a position information acquirer 82. In addition, the brake control device 80 includes the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, and a brake controller 60. The information processor 40 includes a determiner 44, a storage 46, a transmitter 48, a transmission controller 42, and a model generator 45. The brake 18 is constituted by a contact brake 18d and a regenerative brake 18e.
The vehicle body 2 is supported by a plurality of bogies 10 via air springs 12s, and is connected to each bogie 10 by a traction device 12p. The vehicle body 2 includes a cab 2d. The vehicle 100 includes a motor (not illustrated) as a prime mover, and travels a track 8 by driving wheels 16 provided on the bogie 10 by the motor. The vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes two bogies 10 that are spaced apart from each other in the front and rear.
The bogie 10 includes a bogie frame 12, a shaft spring 12j, and an unsprung part 14. The bogie frame 12 has the vehicle body 2 supported thereabove. The unsprung part 14 is supported by the bogie frame 12 via shaft spring 12j. The shaft spring 12j is two coil springs that are provided spaced apart from each other in the width direction. The shaft spring 12j may include a spring different from a type of the coil spring.
The unsprung part 14 includes an axle box 14b, a bearing 14c, a wheel 16, an axle 16s, and a contact brake 18d. Two axle boxes 14b are provided corresponding to the two coil springs of the shaft spring 12j. The axle box 14b is a box-shaped component supported by the bogie frame 12 from above via the shaft spring 12j. The bearing 14c is housed in the axle box 14b and rotatably supports the axle 16s. The number of coil springs is not limited to two and may be two or more.
Two wheels 16 are provided spaced apart from each other in the width direction, and the axle 16s is provided at a center thereof. The wheel 16 has a cylindrical or conical tread surface 16b rolling on the track 8 and a flange 16c. The axle 16s penetrates through the center of the wheel 16, and a portion of the wheel 16 protruding outward in the width direction is supported by the bearing 14c in the axle box 14b. The contact brake 18d includes an actuator 18a and a brake shoe 18b. The actuator 18a is driven by an action of an air pressure for driving a brake, and the brake shoe 18b is pressed against the tread surface 16b to generate a braking force on the wheel 16.
The vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes a regenerative brake 18e in addition to the contact brake 18d. The brake control device 80 changes how to apply the brake 18 based on control information from the condition monitoring device 20 or other controllers. In particular, when the brake controller 60 receives a brake control signal Bc transmitted according to a determination result E1, the brake controller 60 changes operation timings of a contact brake 18d and a regenerative brake 18e. The brake controller 60 is arranged in the cab 2d of the vehicle 100.
The condition monitoring device 20 will be described. As described above, the condition monitoring device 20 includes the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, the power supplier 70, and the position information acquirer 82, and the information processor 40 includes the determiner 44, the storage 46, and the transmitter 48, the transmission controller 42, and the model generator 45.
The information processor 40 is attached to the bogie 10. In this example, the information processor 40 is fixed to the bogie frame 12. In this case, the influence of vibration of the wheels 16 can be reduced. The acquirer 30 acquires state information J1 on one or more of vibration, velocity, acceleration, sound, reflected light, an image, temperature, humidity, and a wheel diameter. As will be described later, the determiner 44 determines whether or not the state information J1 satisfies a preset condition based on the state information J1 acquired by the acquirer 30. The position information acquirer 82 acquires position information Jp on the vehicle 100.
The power supplier 70 will be described. The power supplier 70 supplies power to the condition monitoring device 20 and the acquirer 30. In other words, the acquirer 30 and the information processor 40 are supplied with power from the power supplier 70. The power supplier 70 may supply power to the position information acquirer 82. The power supplier 70 has a generator 70g, a battery 70b, and a power controller 70m. The generator 70g supplies generated power. As an example, the generator 70g can include a device (including a power generation element) capable of converting physical energy such as vibration energy of the bogie 10 or rotation energy of the wheels 16 into power.
The generator 70g of the present embodiment is configured to supply power from an eddy current generated by the rotation of the wheels 16 based on the electromagnetic principle. By providing the generator 70g, wiring for supplying power to the vehicle body 2 can be omitted, and a wiring space, members, arrangement man-hours, and the like can be reduced. In addition, information can be acquired and transmitted to the outside only by the device attached to bogie 10. The power supplier 70 may supply vehicle body power transmitted from the vehicle body 2 via the wiring to the condition monitoring device 20. In this case, the power supplier 70 may or may not use the generator 70g together.
The generated power of the generator 70g may be limited due to factors such as space limitation and weight limitation. In addition, the power consumption of the condition monitoring device 20 changes greatly over time. If the generated power of the generator 70g is smaller than peak power consumption of the condition monitoring device 20, the condition monitoring device 20 can malfunction due to a power shortage. Therefore, the power supplier 70 of the present embodiment has the battery 70b that is charged by the generated power of the generator 70g or the vehicle body power. In this case, even if the generated power of the generator 70g is weak, it is possible to supply a large amount of power for a certain period by charging the battery 70b, and as a result, it is possible to suppress the malfunction even if the generated power of the generator 70g is smaller than the peak consumption power of the condition monitoring device 20.
The information processor 40 consumes a large amount of power when the transmitter 48 described later transmits predetermined information. When the residual storage amount of the battery 70b is small, the transmitter 48 may cause erroneous transmission due to a power shortage during transmission. Therefore, the power supplier 70 of the present embodiment has a power controller 70m that monitors the residual storage amount of the battery 70b, the generated power of the generator 70g, and the like. The power controller 70m determines whether the power shortage occurs during the transmission of the transmitter 48 based on the information on the power of the bogie 10, the position information Jp of the bogie 10, and the like, and provides the determination result as power information Je to the information processor 40. The information on the power of the bogie 10 includes the generated power of the generator 70g, the residual storage amount of the battery 70b, a transmission schedule of the transmitter 48, and the like. The determination result of the power controller 70m may include information such as whether or not there is a power shortage during transmission and the time when sufficient power can be supplied. The power information Je may include the residual storage amount of the battery 70b, the generated power of the generator 70g, and the like.
The position information acquirer 82 will be described. As described above, the position information acquirer 82 acquires the position information Jp on the position of the vehicle 100. The position information Jp can be acquired by a position information measurement system that uses artificial satellites such as the global positioning system, can be acquired from a sign that indicates a distance (km) from a starting point of a railway, can be acquired by integrating a vehicle speed, or can be acquired by a combination thereof. The position information acquirer 82 of the present embodiment uses the global positioning system to acquire the position information Jp. The position information acquirer 82 transmits the acquired position information Jp to the information processor 40. The position information Jp is stored in the storage 46.
The acquirer 30 will be described. In the acquirer 30, vibration information on vibration is acquired by a vibration sensor 30b based on a known principle. The vibration sensor 30b can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The vibration sensor 30b of the present embodiment is provided in the axle box 14b and acquires the vibration of the bogie 10. A target of obtaining the vibration information is not limited, but in the present embodiment, the wheel 16, the axle 16s, or the axle box 14b is targeted. Surface conditions such as wear, deformation (including peeling, the same applies below), surface roughness, and the like of the target can be understood based on the vibration information.
From the viewpoint of facilitating comparison, it is preferable that the vibration information be acquired when the vehicle speed is in a preset state. The state of the vehicle speed includes, for example, an acceleration range where the vehicle is in a preset acceleration state, a constant speed operation range where the preset speed is maintained (including coasting), a deceleration range where the vehicle is in a preset deceleration state, and the like. The same applies not only to the vibration information, but also to the state information J1 on the states of the speed, the acceleration, the sound, the reflected light, the image, the temperature, the humidity, and the wheel diameter.
In the acquirer 30, the speed information on the speed is acquired by a speed sensor 30c based on the known principle. The speed sensor 30c can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The speed sensor 30c of the present embodiment is provided in the axle box 14b and acquires information on the speed in the front-back direction of the bogie 10. Based on the history of the speed information, a cumulative state (hereinafter, referred to as “stress state”) of stress applied to the bogie 10 and constituent members thereof can be understood.
In the acquirer 30, the acceleration information on the acceleration is acquired by an acceleration sensor 30d based on the known principle. The acceleration sensor 30d can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The acceleration sensor 30d of the present embodiment is provided in the axle box 14b and acquires information on the acceleration in the front-back direction of the bogie 10. The stress state can be understood based on the history of the acceleration information.
In the acquirer 30, sound information on sound is acquired by a sound sensor 30e based on the known principle. The sound sensor 30e can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The sound sensor 30e of the present embodiment is provided in the axle box 14b and acquires the information on the sound of the bogie 10. A target of obtaining the sound information is not limited, but in the present embodiment, a surrounding space of the track 8 or the wheel 16 is targeted. The surface states such as wear, deformation, and surface roughness of the target can be understood based on the sound information. The sound sensor 30e may also be a microphone.
In the acquirer 30, the information on the reflected light is acquired by an optical sensor 30f based on the known principle. The optical sensor 30f can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The optical sensor 30f of the present embodiment is provided on the bogie frame 12 and acquires the information on the reflected light of the bogie 10. The optical sensor 30f may irradiate a target with external light such as sunlight or external illumination light to detect the reflected light. The optical sensor 30f of the present embodiment irradiates the target with light such as a laser from a light irradiator 32 provided on the bogie 10 to obtain the reflected light, and detects the reflected light. A target of obtaining the reflected light is not limited, but in the present embodiment, the tread surface 16b of the track 8 or the wheel 16 is targeted. The surface states such as wear and deformation of the target can be understood based on the reflected light information.
In the acquirer 30, image information on an image is acquired by an image sensor 30g based on the known principle. The image sensor 30g can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The image sensor 30g of the present embodiment is provided on the bogie frame 12 and acquires the information on the image of the bogie 10. The image sensor 30g may irradiate a target with external light such as the sun or external lighting to detect an image of the object. The image sensor 30g of the present embodiment irradiates the target with light from the light irradiator 32 provided in the bogie 10 to obtain the image to detect the image of the target. A target of obtaining the reflected light is not limited, but in the present embodiment, an upper surface of the track 8 or the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 is targeted. The surface states such as wear and deformation of the target can be understood based on the image information.
In the acquirer 30, the temperature information on the temperature is acquired by a temperature sensor 30h based on the known principle. The temperature sensor 30h can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The temperature sensor 30h of the present embodiment is provided in the axle box 14b and acquires the information on the temperature of the bogie 10. A target of obtaining the temperature information is not limited, but in the present embodiment, a temperature or an ambient temperature of the track 8 or the wheel 16 is targeted. The stress state of the target can be understood based on the temperature information. A state of thermal expansion of the target can be understood based on the temperature information. The cumulative stress state of the target can be understood based on the history of the temperature information.
In the acquirer 30, humidity information on humidity is acquired by a humidity sensor 30j based on the known principle. The humidity sensor 30j can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The humidity sensor 30j of the present embodiment is provided on the bogie frame 12 and acquires the information on the humidity of the bogie 10. A target of obtaining the humidity information is not limited, but in the present embodiment, an ambient temperature of the track 8 or the wheel 16 is targeted. A state of a coefficient of friction of the target can be understood based on the humidity information. A rust state of the target can be understood based on the history of the humidity information.
In the acquirer 30, wheel diameter information on a radius of the wheel 16 is acquired by a distance sensor 30k based on the known principle. The distance sensor 30k can be provided on the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14. The distance sensor 30k of the present embodiment is provided on the bogie frame 12, and acquires the wheel diameter information about the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 based on the reflected light such as infrared rays or laser light. Since the braking force changes depending on the wheel diameter, the state of the braking force can be understood based on the wheel diameter information. Based on the understood braking force, a pressing force of the brake shoe 18b and an operation timing of the contact brake 18d can be adjusted so as to obtain a more appropriate braking force.
The information acquisition timing of each sensor 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f, 30g, 30h, 30j, and 30k is not limited. Each sensor 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30f, 30g, 30h, 30j, and 30k of the present embodiment may acquire information in a non-business state in which passengers or luggage is not mounted on the vehicle 100. In this case, the influence of passengers and luggage on the acquired information can be reduced.
The acquirer 30 may constantly acquire the state information J1, but in this example, acquires the state information J1 at a preset timing, in a preset state, or when the bogie 10 is in a preset position. In this case, by acquiring information at a certain timing or at a certain position, it is possible to easily compare the acquired information with past information and suppress power consumption. The state information J1 includes an error due to the influence due to a difference in conditions of a traveling track. The conditions for this traveling track include tunnels, curves, railway bridges, slopes, and the like. From the viewpoint of suppressing the influence due to the difference in the conditions of the traveling track, the acquirer 30 can acquire the state information J1 at the preset position based on the position information Jp.
The storage 46 temporarily stores the state information J1 acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the state information J1 in association with the acquisition timing. In this case, the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 can be determined based on the history of state information J1. The storage 46 stores a learning model M1 described later. The storage 46 stores the determination result of the determiner 44 regarding the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10. The storage 46 stores the position information Jp transmitted from the position information acquirer 82. The storage 46 temporarily stores these pieces of information. By storing the information in the storage 46, the data can be collected and transmitted in a state suitable for transmission.
The determiner 44 determines the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 based on the state information J1. The inventor's study suggests that there is a certain correlation between the state information J1 and the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10. By using this correlation, the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 can be determined from the state information J1. The determiner 44 may determine the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 using a preset reference value (hereinafter, referred to as “threshold”). For example, the determiner 44 may determine to be normal when the state information J1 is equal to or less than the threshold, and may determine to be abnormal when the state information J1 exceeds the threshold. The determiner 44 may determine the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 using the reference state information J1 previously acquired. For example, the determiner 44 may set a threshold by adding a predetermined margin to the reference state information J1, determine to be normal that the state information J1 is equal to or less than the threshold, and determine to be abnormal when the state information J1 exceeds the threshold.
The determiner 44 may determine the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 using the learning model M1 stored in the storage 46. Hereinafter, the determination results of these determiners 44 are collectively referred to as a determination result E1. The determiner 44 may use a plurality of thresholds, and the state information J1 may be classified into the plurality of categories from a normality to an abnormality by the plurality of thresholds. In this case, the determination result E1 may be the category after the classification.
The determiner 44 may determine the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 at a random timing, but in this example, determine the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 at a preset timing, in a preset state, or when the bogie 10 is at a preset position. The determiner 44 can determine the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 at the preset position based on the position information Jp. In this case, the influence due to the difference in the conditions of the traveling track can be suppressed.
The learning model M1 will be described. The determiner 44 in this example uses the learning model M1 to determine a state Ck of the track 8 and the bogie 10. The learning model M1 is an AI model generated by machine learning based on the reference state information previously acquired and the actual measurement data in the state of the track or the state of the bogie corresponding to the reference state information. By using the learning model M1, it is advantageous to speed up data processing and it is possible to obtain high determination accuracy.
The learning model M1 can be generated using the known machine learning method such as a support vector machine, a neural network (including deep learning), or a random forest. The learning model M1 is stored in the storage 46. The learning model M1 may be generated based on the actual measurement data previously collected for other bogies of the same type, but in the present embodiment, is generated by the model generator 45 provided on the bogie 10 by using the actual measurement data collected for the bogie 10 itself to be determined as the data set Ds1.
The model generator 45 will be described. The model generator 45 generates the learning model M1 in advance by the machine learning based on the state Ck of the track 8 and the bogie 10 and the state information J1 corresponding to the state Ck. In this example, the model generator 45 uses the state Ck (Ck(0), Ck(1) . . . ) previously acquired and the state information J1 (J1(0), J1(1) . . . ) as the data set Ds1, and generates the data set Ds1 as teacher data by the machine learning (supervised learning).
Note that in this description, an example in which the state information J1 and the state Ck each are unitary data is shown, but the state information J1 and the state Ck each may be pluralistic data. Further, the state information J1 and the state Ck may be numerical data digitized in a predetermined unit.
The collection conditions of the actual measurement data of the data set Ds' are not limited, but in this example, the actual measurement data of the data set Ds1 is collected at a preset position based on the position information Jp. In this case, the influence due to the difference in the conditions of the traveling track can be suppressed.
The determiner 44 inputs the newly acquired state information J1 as input data to the learning model M1, and obtains the state Ck of the track 8 and the bogie 10 as output data from the learning model M1. The determiner 44 outputs the state Ck of the track 8 and the bogie 10 acquired from the learning model M1 as the determination result E1.
The learning model M1 may be used without updating in an initial setting state, but is updated in this example. The model generator 45 updates the learning model M1 by the machine learning based on the newly acquired new state information and the actual measurement data of the state of the track or the state of the bogie corresponding to the new state information. In this case, the determination accuracy can be maintained even if the relationship between the state information J1 and the state Ck of the track 8 and the bogie 10 changes due to factors such as the season and years of use. The model generator 45 may update the learning model M1 at random timing, but in this example, updates the learning model M1 in a preset state and at a preset timing. For example, the model generator 45 can update the learning model M1 according to the season and set schedule.
Transmitter
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 to the outside (hereinafter, simply referred to as “outside” in this specification) of the bogie 10. The determination result E1 transmitted from the transmitter 48 may be received by the cab 2d, or may be received by a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. The determination result E1 may be displayed on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 transmits a brake control signal Bc to the brake controller 60 when the determination result E1 satisfies the preset condition. For example, the brake controller 60 changes operation timings of the contact brake 18d and the regenerative brake 18e according to the brake control signal Bc.
The transmitter 48 can transmit information via a bus line, a network line, a dedicated line, or a general-purpose line in a wired or a wireless manner. The transmitter 48 may transmit information using a standardized communication method such as Bluetooth (registered trademark), or Wi-Fi (registered trademark). In the present embodiment, the transmitter 48 transmits information to the outside in a wireless manner.
A transmission timing of the transmitter 48 is not limited, but in the present embodiment, the transmission timing of the transmitter 48 is controlled by the transmission controller 42. As an example, as described later, the transmission controller 42 controls the transmitter 48 to transmit the determination result E1. The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 under the control of the transmission controller 42. In this case, the amount of transmission data can be suppressed as compared with the case of transmitting at any time.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 of the determiner 44 satisfies the preset condition, and does not transmit the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 does not satisfy the preset condition. For example, the transmitter 48 may not transmit the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 indicates a normality, but may transmit the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 indicates an abnormality. Further, the transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 changes with respect to the past determination result.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 of the determiner 44 is greater than the preset level of the information amount of the determination result E1, and does not transmit the determination result E1 when the determination result E1 is lower than the preset level. In this case, the total amount of transmitted data can be suppressed.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 when the generated power of the generator 70g is greater than the preset level, and does not transmit the determination result E1 when the generated power is lower than the preset level. In addition, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 when the residual storage amount of the battery 70b is greater than the preset level, and does not transmit the determination result E1 when the generated power is lower than the preset level. In this case, the erroneous transmission due to the power shortage during the transmission can be prevented. Specifically, the transmission controller 42 may control the transmitter 48 based on the power information Je of the power controller 70m.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 based on the position information Jp when the bogie 10 is at the preset transmission position. In addition, the transmitter 48 does not transmit the determination result E1 based on the position information Jp when the bogie 10 is at the non-transmission position set separately beforehand. Examples of the non-transmission positions include locations with transmission failure, such as tunnels, mountain shades, or shadows of buildings.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 when a communication state with a communication partner is greater (good) than a preset level, and does not transmit the determination result E1 when the communication state is lower (bad) than the preset level. For example, the transmitter 48 does not transmit the determination result E1 when the communication state is bad due to tunnels, mountain shades, shadows of buildings, and the like, but transmits the determination result E1 when the communication state is good. For example, the communication state can be determined according to the rate of occurrence of communication errors due to mutual communication with the ground command station 84.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 at the transmission timing according to a preset transmission schedule. As the transmission timing, there are times such as early morning and late night where there is less external vibration and noise. In this case, the influence of external vibration or noise can be reduced. Also, by transmitting the determination result E1 at a certain time, it is possible to reduce the influence of variation in temperature of the track 8. In addition, the transmitter 48 does not transmit the determination result E1 at the non-transmission timing set separately beforehand.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E1 when a transmission request is made from the cab 2d or the ground command station 84. For example, when the ground command station 84 receives a determination result indicating an abnormality from a preceding vehicle, the ground command station 84 can request a following vehicle to transmit the determination result E1 at the position where the preceding vehicle determines to be an abnormality. For example, the ground command station 84 can transmit a transmission request signal (hereinafter simply referred to as “transmission request signal”) to the following vehicle in order to request the transmission of the determination result E1.
An example of the ground command station 84 will be described. The ground command station 84 includes a computer 84c and can communicate with the information processor 40. For example, the computer 84c receives the determination result E1 and state information J1 from the information processor 40, and transmits a transmission request signal requesting the transmission of the determination result E1 and state information J1 to the information processor 40. The computer 84c includes a re-determiner 84j, a learning model 84m, and a model generator 84g.
The re-determiner 84j re-determines the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 based on the state information J1 transmitted from the transmitter 48. By making the re-determination, it is possible to confirm that the determination by the information processor 40 is correct. Although the configuration of the re-determiner 84j is not limited, the re-determiner 84j in this example re-determines the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 using the learning model 84m based on the state information J1.
The learning model 84m may be the same as the learning model M1, but is different in this example. Since the computer 84c is capable of processing a large amount of data at a higher speed than the information processor 40, the model generator 84g may generate the learning model 84m by performing the machine learning in advance based on the states of the track 8 and the bogie 10 collected by a large number of vehicles and the state information corresponding thereto. The learning model 84m may be larger than the learning model M1. The learning model 84m may be used without updating in the initial setting state, but is updated in this example. The model generator 84g updates the learning model 84m at a preset time.
According to the present embodiment, since the power supplier 70 that is attached to the bogie 10 and supplies power to the acquirer 30 and the transmitter 48 is provided, the predetermined information can be transmitted to the outside without receiving power supply from the vehicle body 2. In addition, since the present embodiment includes the storage 46, it is possible to collectively transmit data, and it is possible to select and transmit timing at which the communication state is good. Further, since the present embodiment includes the position information acquirer 82, it is possible to select and transmit a position where the communication state is good. In addition, in the present embodiment, since the determination result E1 is transmitted when the determination result E1 satisfies the preset condition, the total communication amount can be suppressed. Further, according to the present embodiment, since the determination result E1 is transmitted according to the residual storage amount of the battery 70b, it is possible to select and transmit when the residual storage amount is large.
Further, according to the present embodiment, since the determination result E1 is transmitted according to the communication state, it is possible to select and transmit when the communication state is good.
Further, according to the present embodiment, since the determination is made using the learning model M1, the determination accuracy is high. In addition, since the present embodiment includes the model generator 45, the learning model M1 suitable for each bogie can be generated. Further, according to the present embodiment, since the learning model M1 is updated, it is possible to suppress a decrease in determination accuracy due to seasonal fluctuations or a change over time. Further, according to the present embodiment, since the transmitter 48 is fixed to the bogie frame 12, it is less susceptible to the vibration of the wheels 16.
Next, second to ninth embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the drawings and description of the second to ninth embodiments, the same or equivalent constituent elements and members as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals. Descriptions that overlap with those of the first embodiment will be appropriately omitted, and configurations different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described. Therefore, the description of the first embodiment is applied to the components or members that are the same as or equivalent to those of the first embodiment in the second to ninth embodiments. In addition, in the application of this description, as long as no contradiction occurs, symbols J1, E1, and M1 in the description of the first embodiment are replaced with symbols J2 to J9, E2 to E9, and M2 to M9 in the second to ninth embodiments.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
The condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment makes a determination on an occurrence state of a flat of a tread surface 16b of a wheel 16 and a worn state of a flange 16c based on vibration information Jv on the vibration in the bogie 10 and speed information Js of the vehicle 100, and provides the determination result. The vibration information Jv and the speed information Js are collectively referred to as state information J2. The occurrence state of the flat of the wheel 16 and the worn state of the flange 16c are collectively referred to as a worn state Sw. The worn state Sw includes abnormal wear such as tread surface peeling and thermal cracking of the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16. In other words, the condition monitoring device 20 checks whether the speed of the vehicle 100 is a preset speed (hereinafter referred to as “determination speed”) based on the speed information Js, and determines the worn state Sw based on the vibration information Jv when the speed of the vehicle 100 is the determination speed. The flat of the wheel 16 is a form of uneven wear of the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 caused by friction with the track 8.
The storage 46 temporarily stores the vibration information Jv acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the vibration information Jv in association with the acquisition timing. Further, the storage 46 can classify the vibration information Jv into a plurality of ranks according to the level, and store the rank after the classification in association with the acquisition timing. In addition, the storage 46 can store the position where the vibration information Jv is acquired in association with the vibration information Jv based on the position information Jp. The transmitter 48 can transmit the storage content of the storage 46 to the outside.
The acquirer 30 is attached to the bogie 10 and acquires the vibration information Jv on the vibration in the bogie 10 and the speed information Js of the vehicle 100. The vibration information Jv is acquired by the vibration sensor 30b, and the speed information Js is acquired by the speed sensor 30c. The vibration sensor 30b may be attached to a bogie frame or an axle box. The speed sensor 30c may be any one that can detect the speed of the vehicle 100, and may be, for example, an encoder that outputs a number of pulses according to rotation of an axle. The speed of the vehicle 100 can be calculated by counting the pulses of the encoder. Further, the speed sensor 30c may be a Doppler sensor that uses laser reflection.
The determiner 44 will be described. The determiner 44 makes a determination on the worn state Sw of the wheel 16 of the bogie 10 based on the vibration information Jv and the speed information Js acquired by the acquirer 30 and provides a determination result E2.
According to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that the vibration of the bogie 10 increases as the flat of the wheel 16 or the wear of the flange 16c increases. It is also suggested that when the vehicle speed is in a predetermined state, there is a certain correlation between the vibration information Jv of the bogie 10 and the occurrence state of the flat of the wheel 16 or the worn state of the flange 16c. Therefore, the flat of the wheel 16 or the worn state of the flange 16c can be determined from the vibration information Jv.
The determiner 44 may determine the flat of the wheel 16 or the worn state of the flange 16c using the preset threshold or the threshold set by adding a predetermined margin to the reference vibration information (for example, at the time of shipping, at the time of previous maintenance, on the same day, the previous day, or the latest certain period, and the like) previously acquired. In this case, it is possible to reduce the error caused by the individual difference of the vehicle or the bogie and improve the determination accuracy.
For example, the determiner 44 can determine that the flat of the wheel 16 or the wear of the flange 16c is within the allowable range when the acquired vibration information Jv is equal to or lower than the threshold, and the flat of the wheel 16 or the wear of the flange 16c exceeds the allowable range when the acquired vibration information Jv exceeds the threshold. The threshold set in advance, the vibration information previously acquired, and the occurrence state of the flat, or the worn state of the flange 16c are stored in the storage 46.
Further, by comparing the vibration information Jv with the reference vibration information previously acquired, the change over time of the vibration information can be calculated. Based on this change over time, the flat of the wheel 16 or the future wear of the flange 16c can be predicted.
The first example of the determination operation will be described. In this example, the worn state is determined using the preset threshold.
(1) First, the information processor 40 stores the vibration information Jv in the storage 46 together with the elapsed time when the vibration information Jv acquired in the traveling state of the vehicle 100 exceeds the preset threshold. This threshold may be plural. Note that the traveling state of vehicle 100 may be in a power traveling state, a coasting state, or a braking state.
(2) The determiner 44 measures the cycle (hereinafter, referred to as “vibration cycle”) of the timing at which the vibration information Jv exceeds the threshold based on the storage result of the storage 46.
(3) The determiner 44 determines that flat occurs on the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 or abnormal wear such as tread surface peeling or thermal cracking occurs when the vibration cycle is inversely proportional to the speed of the vehicle 100.
When it is determined that the wheel 16 is worn as described above, the determiner 44 classifies the vibration information Jv into a plurality of ranks according to the level, and provides the ranks after the classification as the determination result E2. The determination result E2 is stored in the storage 46.
The second example of the determination operation will be described. In this example, the worn state Sw is determined using the learning model M2 generated by machine learning. The learning model M2 is generated by the machine learning based on the reference vibration information Jv acquired in advance and the actual measurement data of the occurrence state of the flat of the wheel 16 or the worn state of the flange 16c corresponding to the reference vibration information Jv, at a predetermined vehicle speed, for the bogie 10. In this case, since the learning model M2 is used, the determination accuracy is high. The learning model M2 may be generated based on the actual measurement data of the bogie 10 itself to be determined, or may be generated based on the actual measurement data of the bogie different from the bogie 10 to be determined. The learning model M2 is stored in the storage 46.
An example of the data set Ds2 of the learning model M2 is illustrated in
Note that in this description, an example in which the vibration information Jv and the worn state Sw each are unitary data is shown, but the vibration information Jv and the worn state Sw each may be pluralistic data. Further, the vibration information Jv and the worn state Sw may be numerical data digitized in a predetermined unit.
The collection conditions of the actual measurement data of the data set Ds2 are not limited, but in this example, the actual measurement data of the data set Ds2 is collected at a preset position based on the position information Jp. In this case, the influence due to the difference in the conditions of the traveling track can be suppressed.
A third example of the determination operation will be described. In the third example, the determiner 44 determines the occurrence state of the flat of the wheel 16 or the worn state of the flange 16c based on the plurality of pieces of vibration information Jv acquired at the plurality of mutually separated locations of the bogie 10. In this case, since the plurality of pieces of vibration information Jv can be compared, the in-phase component can be removed and the determination accuracy can be improved.
Specifically, another vibration sensor that acquires the vibration information is provided on another wheel that is separated in the front-back direction of the same vehicle 100, and the vibration of the wheel 16 to be determined is referenced by referring to the vibration information of another wheel. For example, if a time difference between peak timing of the vibration information Jv of the wheel 16 and peak timing of the vibration information of another wheel is approximately the same as the time when a separation distance between the two wheels is divided by the vehicle speed, this peak can be excluded from the determination result E2 by distinguished as being due to abnormal vibration caused by track states such as track joints, track wear, and track damage. In this case, it is possible to reduce erroneous determination due to the abnormal vibration caused by the track state. The number of other wheels is not limited to one, and may be two or more wheels separated in the front-back direction. Note that the peak of the vibration information Jv in the present disclosure is not limited to the maximum value and includes a region where the vibration information Jv exceeds the threshold and is large.
A fourth example of the determination operation will be described. In the fourth example, the rotational position of the wheel 16 (hereinafter, referred to as “peak position”) at the timing when the peak of the vibration information Jv occurs is detected, and the wear position is determined based on the peak position. If each peak position in a plurality of rotations is random, it can be determined that the vibration is due to the state of the track, and if each peak position is substantially constant, it can be determined that the vibration is due to wear of the wheel 16. When each peak position is substantially constant, it can be determined that abnormal wear such as flat, tread surface peeling, and thermal cracking has occurred on the wheel 16 at that position. The rotational position of the wheel 16 can be acquired by counting the pulses of the encoder of the speed sensor 30c.
In the present embodiment, the vibration information Jv is acquired by the vibration sensor 30b attached to the bogie frame 12 of the bogie 10 or the unsprung part 14 supported from the bogie frame 12 via the shaft spring 12j. In this case, since the vibration sensor 30b can be arranged near the wheel 16, the vibration can be acquired with high accuracy. In this example, the vibration sensor 30b is provided in the axle box 14b and detects the vibration of the wheel 16 via the axle box 14b. The vibration sensor 30b may be provided on the axle 16s or the bogie frame 12.
The determiner 44 of the present embodiment is provided on the bogie frame 12 or the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, since the determiner 44 can be arranged in a location where vibration is small, the influence due to the vibration can be mitigated. In this example, the determiner 44 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The determiner 44 may be provided on the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2 or the outside of the vehicle 100.
The determiner 44 may determine the worn state Sw at a random timing, but in this example, determine the worn state Sw at a preset timing, in a preset state, or when the bogie 10 is at a preset position. In this case, the influence due to the difference in the conditions of the traveling track can be suppressed.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E2 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2.
In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2 and displays the determination result E2 on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E2 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. The cab 2d and the vehicle monitor 2e exemplify a device that receives the determination result E2 of the determiner 44. The transmitter 48 transmits a brake control signal Bc to a brake controller 60 of the brake control device 80 when the determination result E2 satisfies the preset condition.
The brake control device 80 changes how to apply the brake 18 based on the brake control signal Bc. In particular, the brake controller 60 changes operation timings of the contact brake 18d and the regenerative brake 18e when receiving the brake control signal Bc. The brake controller 60 is arranged in the cab 2d of the vehicle 100.
The transmission controller 42 controls the timing of transmitting the determination result E2. Under the control of the transmission controller 42, the transmitter 48 can transmit the determination result E2 to the outside of the bogie 10 in the following cases.
(1) The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 when the determination result E2 of the determiner 44 satisfies the preset condition, and does not transmit the determination result E2 when the determination result E2 does not satisfy the preset condition.
(2) The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 when the determination result E2 has changed with respect to the past determination result, and does not transmit the determination result E2 when the determination result E2 has not changed.
(3) The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 when the information amount of the determination result E2 of the determiner 44 is greater than the preset level, and does not transmit the determination result E2 when the information amount of the determination result E2 of the determiner 44 is lower than the preset level.
(4) Based on the position information Jp, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 when the bogie 10 is at the preset transmission position, and does not transmit the determination result E2 when the bogie 10 is at the preset non-transmission position.
(5) The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 when the communication state with the communication partner is greater than the preset level, and does not transmit the determination result E2 when the communication state is lower than the preset level.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E2 when the transmission request is made from the cab 2d or the ground command station 84. For example, the ground command station 84 can transmit the transmission request signal to the information processor 40 to request the transmission of the determination result E2.
The vibration sensor 30b and the determiner 44 are attached to the bogie 10 of the present embodiment. In this case, it is possible to acquire the vibration information Jv and determine the worn state of the wheel 16 on the bogie 10.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
Brake squeal may occur when the contact brake 18d is operated. The brake squeal is an abnormal noise in which vibration from a friction surface caused by a touch of a brake shoe 18b to a braking member 18c during braking is amplified and generated by the brake shoe 18b or the braking member 18c, and is called braking noise. The brake squeal occurs due to the wear or the like of the friction surface of the brake shoe 18b and the braking member 18c. If the brake squeal occurs, the brake shoe 18b and the braking member 18c may be damaged if the brake squeal is left as it is, and it is preferable to replace the brake shoe 18b or the braking member 18c early. When the brake squeal occurs, the brake squeal can be suppressed by changing a material of a friction material of the brake shoe 18b, a curvature of the friction material, and a pressing force of the brake shoe 18b.
According to the study of the present inventors, it has been suggested that there is a certain correlation between sound information (hereinafter referred to as “sound information Jn”) acquired by the sound sensor 30e, vibration information (hereinafter referred to as “vibration information Jv”) acquired by the vibration sensor 30b, an occurrence state (hereinafter referred to as “occurrence state Sn”) of the brake squeal. Therefore, the occurrence state Sn of the brake squeal can be determined from the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv.
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. The condition monitoring device 20 includes an acquirer 30, an information processor 40, and a power supplier 70. In addition, the brake control device 80 includes the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, a brake controller 60, and a position information acquirer 82. The information processor 40 includes a determiner 44, a storage 46, a transmitter 48, and a transmission controller 42. The brake 18 is constituted by a contact brake 18d and a regenerative brake 18e. The acquirer 30 includes at least one of vibration sensor 30b and sound sensor 30e. The acquirer 30 acquires the sound information Jn on the sound in the bogie 10 or the vibration information Jv on the vibration when the brake shoe 18b is pressed against a tread surface 16b of a wheel 16 which is a braking member 18c in the bogie 10 of the vehicle 100 to generate a braking force. The sound information Jn and the vibration information Jv are collectively referred to as state information J3. Unless otherwise specified, the description of the first embodiment is applied to the configuration and operation of each of these elements.
The determiner 44 determines the occurrence state Sn of the brake squeal of the brake shoe 18b or the braking member 18c based on the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv acquired by the acquirer 30, and provides the determination result E3. The determination result E3 is a result of classifying the occurrence state Sn of the brake squeal into a plurality of ranks according to the level. For example, the determination result E3 may be a result classified into two ranks, that is, whether or not the brake squeal substantially occurs, or a result classified into three or more ranks more finely. The brake squeal, which is small and can be practically ignored, is not treated as the brake squeal. When the determiner 44 determines that the brake squeal occurs, the brake controller 60 changes the braking force so that the brake squeal is reduced. In this example, the brake controller 60 changes the braking force according to a brake control signal Bc transmitted from the information processor 40.
The condition monitoring device 20 will be described. The condition monitoring device 20 detects the brake squeal of the brake shoe 18b or the braking member 18c based on the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv of the bogie 10 when the brake shoe 18b is pressed against the braking member 18c in the bogie 10 to generate the braking force. The determiner 44 of the information processor 40 determines the occurrence state of the brake squeal based on the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv, and provides the determination result E3.
The operation of the brake control device 80 will be described with reference to
When the brake command is turned on, the determiner 44 determines whether a regenerative brake 18e is operating (step S112). The acquirer 30 acquires the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv when the contact brake 18d is operating and the regenerative brake 18e is not operating.
When the regenerative brake 18e is operating (Y in step S112), the determiner 44 returns the process to the beginning of step S112, and repeats step S112 until the regenerative brake 18e is not operated.
When the regenerative brake 18e is not operating (when not operating) (N in step S112), the acquirer 30 acquires the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv (step S113). Since the determination accuracy decreases if the acquisition period is too short, the acquirer 30 acquires the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv continuously or intermittently for a preset period. A storage 46 temporarily stores at least one of the sound information Jn and the vibration information Jv acquired by the acquirer 30. Further, the storage 46 can store at least one of the sound information Jn and the vibration information Jv in association with the acquisition timing. The storage 46 can store at least one of the sound information Jn and the vibration information Jv in association with the position information Jp of the acquired position.
After acquiring the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv, the determiner 44 determines the occurrence state of the brake squeal of the brake shoe 18b or the braking member 18c based on the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv acquired by the acquirer 30. In this example, the determiner 44 determines whether or not the brake squeal has occurred (step S114). In this step, the determiner 44 provides the determination result E3 classified into two ranks, that is, whether or not the brake squeal occurs.
When the brake squeal occurs (Y in step S114), the determiner 44 provides the determination result E3 indicating that the brake squeal occurs to the transmitter 48. The transmitter 48 provided with the determination result E3 transmits the brake control signal Bc to the brake controller 60.
The brake controller 60 that has received the brake control signal Bc adjusts the braking force so as to reduce the brake squeal (step S115). In this step, the adjustment pattern of the braking force is not limited as long as the braking noise is reduced. For example, the brake controller 60 may decrease or increase the braking force, or may increase or decrease the braking force in the preset pattern. The braking force can be increased or decreased by changing the force with which the brake shoe 18b is pressed against the braking member 18c. In this step, the amount of change in the braking force is set within the range in which the change in the braking distance is not practically a problem.
After adjusting the braking force, the process returns to the beginning of step S113, and steps S113 to S115 are repeated until the braking squeal stops. During this repetition, the braking force may be gradually increased.
When the brake squeal does not occur (N in step S114), the determiner 44 provides the determination result E3 indicating that the brake squeal does not occur, and the operation S110 ends. This operation S110 is merely an example, and the order of steps may be changed, or some steps may be added/deleted/changed. With operation S110, the brake squeal can be detected, the brake squeal can be suppressed, and the occurrence state of the brake squeal can be notified to the outside.
The vibration sensor 30b is attached to the position where the vibration of the brake shoe 18b can be detected. The sound sensor 30e is attached to the position where the sound near the brake shoe 18b can be detected. For example, the vibration sensor 30b and the sound sensor 30e are attached to the bogie frame 12 of the bogie 10 or a portion supported through a spring from the bogie frame 12. In this example, the sound sensor 30e or the vibration sensor 30b is provided in the axle box 14b, and detects the sound or vibration of the wheel 16 via the axle box 14b. The sound sensor 30e or the vibration sensor 30b may be provided on the axle 16s or the bogie frame 12. The vibration sensor 30b can detect the frequency and amplitude of vibration of the brake shoe 18b. The sound sensor 30e can detect the frequency and amplitude of sound of the contact brake 18d.
The determiner 44 of the present embodiment is provided on the bogie frame 12 or the outside of the bogie 10. In this example, the determiner 44 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The determiner 44 may be provided on the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2 or the outside of the vehicle 100.
The speed sensor that acquires the vehicle speed may be, for example, an encoder that outputs a number of pulses according to a rotation of an axle. The speed of the vehicle 100 can be calculated by counting the pulses of the encoder. Further, the speed sensor may be a Doppler sensor that uses laser reflection. The braking force can be obtained from a brake command device of a contact brake 18d. Note that the braking force may be acquired based on a pressure of a brake cylinder of the contact brake 18d.
A first example of the determination method of the determiner 44 will be described. In the first example, the determiner 44 determines that the brake squeal is occurring when the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv satisfies a preset determination condition. This determination can be made based on, for example, a degree of coincidence between the frequency spectrum of the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv and the frequency spectrum unique to the brake squeal previously analyzed. The determination may be performed at a constant vehicle speed or may be performed by shifting the frequency spectrum according to the vehicle speed. The determination conditions such as the frequency spectrum of the brake squeal can be set by experiments or simulations. The determination conditions are stored in the storage 46.
A second example of using a learning model M3 for the determiner 44 will be described with reference to
In this description, the sound information Jn, the vibration information Jv, and the occurrence state Sn each may be an example of unitary data, but may be pluralistic data. Further, the sound information Jn, the vibration information Jv, and the occurrence state Sn may be numerical data digitized in a predetermined unit.
The learning model M3 may be generated based on the actual measurement data of the bogie 10 itself to be determined, or may be generated based on the actual measurement data of the bogie different from the bogie 10 to be determined. The learning model M3 is stored in the storage 46.
The collection conditions of the actual measurement data of the data set Ds3 are not limited, but in this example, the actual measurement data of the data set Ds3 is collected at a preset position based on the position information Jp to be described later. In this case, the influence due to the difference in the conditions of the traveling track can be suppressed.
It has been suggested that the occurrence state Sn of the brake squeal is influenced by the material of the brake shoe 18b, the shape of the brake shoe 18b, the pressing force of the brake shoe 18b, and the like. Therefore, the learning model M3 is generated by referring to at least one actual measurement data of the material of the brake shoe 18b, the shape of the brake shoe 18b, the pressing force of the brake shoe 18b, the speed of the vehicle 100, the vibration frequency of the brake shoe 18b, and the braking force. In this case, it is possible to improve the determination accuracy by referring to the actual measurement data.
The brake shoe 18b is worn by use, and the shape or natural frequency thereof fluctuates, so the frequency spectrum of the brake squeal changes. Therefore, the determination condition of the determiner 44 or the learning model M3 may be updated at a certain period depending on the wear of the brake shoe 18b. This updating period can be set according to conditions such as a weight of the vehicle 100, a traveling speed, and a distance between stations. The determination condition of the determiner 44 or the initial setting of the learning model M3 can be set according to the shape of the brake shoe 18b at the time of manufacturing. In the present embodiment, the determination condition of the determiner 44 or the learning model M3 is updated when the brake shoe 18b is worn to a preset degree. The updated determination condition or the learning model M3 is stored in the storage 46.
The configuration of the present embodiment will be further described. The storage 46 can store at least one of the sound information Jn and the vibration information Jv based on the position information Jp, by associating the information with the acquired position. In addition, the storage 46 can also store the sound information or the vibration information previously acquired and the past occurrence state Sn of the brake squeal in association with each other. The transmitter 48 can transmit the storage content of the storage 46 to the outside.
The determiner 44 can calculate the change over time of the brake sound by comparing the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv with the reference sound information or vibration information. The determiner 44 can predict a future occurrence time of the brake squeal based on the change over time.
The present embodiment includes the transmitter 48 that transmits the determination result E3 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E3 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E3 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2 and displays the determination result E3 on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E3 to a computer 84c of an external ground command station 84 or a cloud system.
The features of the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. When the determiner 44 determines that the brake squeal occurs, the brake control device 80 changes the braking force so that the brake squeal is reduced, thereby suppressing the brake squeal. In addition, the determination accuracy is high by performing the determination using the determination condition. Further, by making a determination using the learning model M3, a more advanced determination can be made. Further, the learning model M3 is generated by referring to the actual measurement data of any one of the material of the brake shoe 18b, the shape of the brake shoe 18b, the pressing force of the brake shoe 18b, the speed of the vehicle 100, the frequency of the brake shoe 18b, and the braking force, thereby improving the determination accuracy. Further, by acquiring the sound information Jn or the vibration information Jv when the regenerative brake 18e is not operating, it is less likely to be affected by the sound or vibration by the regenerative brake 18e.
Further, by updating the learning model M3 when the brake shoe 18b is worn to a preset degree, it is possible to suppress the deterioration in the determination accuracy due to the wear of the brake shoe 18b. Further, by attaching the acquirer 30 to the bogie frame 12 of the bogie 10 or a portion supported through a spring from the bogie frame 12, a sensor can be arranged in the vicinity of the wheel 16, and the sound and vibration can be acquired with high accuracy. Further, by providing the determiner 44 outside the bogie frame 12 or the bogie 10, the determiner 44 can be arranged in a place where vibration is small, and the influence of vibration can be reduced.
Modifications of the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. When adjusting the braking force to reduce the brake squeal, the regenerative brake 18e may be temporarily operated. In this case, the increase in the braking distance can be suppressed.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
As the shaking of the bogie 10 increases, the ride comfort decreases. Examples of the factors of the bogie 10 include an abnormality (hereinafter, referred to as “wheel abnormality” in the description of the present embodiment) of a wheel state and an abnormality (hereinafter, referred to as “track abnormality” in the description of the present embodiment) of a track state. The wheel abnormality is a case where the state (hereinafter, referred to as “wheel state” in the description of the present embodiment) related to the worn state of the wheel is worse than a preset standard. The wheel abnormality in the description of the present embodiment may be caused by a large difference (hereinafter, referred to as “wheel diameter difference” in the description of the present embodiment) in wheel diameters of the wheels 16 on both sides in a width direction fixed to an axle 16s, and is mainly caused by uneven wear or unequal wear of the wheels 16 on both sides in the width direction. Therefore, the wheel diameter difference is measured, and if the wheel diameter difference is large, it can be evaluated as the wheel abnormality.
The track abnormality is a case where the state (hereinafter, referred to as “track state” in the description of the present embodiment) related to the unequal state of the track on both sides in the width direction is worse than a preset standard. The track abnormality in the description of the present embodiment is an unequal deformation of the track surfaces on both sides in the width direction (hereinafter, referred to as “track unbalance” in the description of the present embodiment), and mainly occurs by the unequal wear and unequal undulations on the track surfaces on both sides in the width direction. Therefore, the track unbalance is measured, and if the track unbalance is large, it can be evaluated as the track abnormality.
The wheel diameter difference can be calculated, for example, by measuring the wheel diameters of each wheel when the vehicle 100 is stopped at a vehicle base and from the measured result. In addition, the track unbalance can be evaluated based on a track image and a measurement result of vibration of a traveling vehicle. However, measuring the wheel diameter difference and the track unbalance requires a special measuring device to perform a special measuring operation, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
In the present embodiment, the wheel diameter difference of the wheels 16 on both sides in the width direction is obtained using the measurement data measured during normal traveling of the vehicle 100, and the wheel state is evaluated from the result. In particular, in the present embodiment, the wheel diameter difference is obtained and the wheel condition is evaluated, using inclination information of an inclination sensor attached to the bogie 10. Further, in the present embodiment, the track unbalance is obtained based on this measurement data, and the track state is evaluated.
According to the study of the present inventors, it has been suggested that there is a certain correlation between the inclination information (hereinafter referred to as “inclination information Jm” in the description of the present embodiment) with respect to a horizon of the axle acquired by the inclination sensor and the wheel state of the wheel 16. Therefore, the wheel condition can be evaluated from the inclination information Jm based on the correlation. In addition, it is also suggested that there is a certain correlation between the inclination information Jm and the track state of the track 8. Therefore, the wheel condition can be evaluated from the inclination information Jm based on the correlation.
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. The condition monitoring device 20 includes an acquirer 30, an information processor 40, a power supplier 70, and a position information acquirer 82. In addition, the brake control device 80 includes the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, and a brake controller 60. The information processor 40 includes a determiner 44, a storage 46, a transmitter 48, and a transmission controller 42. Unless otherwise specified, the description of the first embodiment is applied to the configuration and operation of each of these elements. The acquirer 30 includes an inclination sensor 30m that acquires the inclination information Jm with respect to a horizontal plane of the axle 16s and a vibration sensor 30b that acquires the vibration information Jv of the bogie 10. The acquirer 30 provides the inclination information Jm and the vibration information Jv to the information processor 40 as acquisition information J4.
In the present embodiment, the information processor 40 acquires stroke information Jq from a yaw damper stroke sensor 34. In addition, the information processor 40 obtains another axle inclination information Jr on another axle from another axle inclination sensor 36. The other axle inclination information Jr may be inclination information of another axle or inclination information of a plurality of other axles. The other axle inclination sensor 36 will be described later.
The swinging of the bogie 10 will be described with reference to
The yaw damper stroke sensor 34 will be described. The yaw damper stroke sensor 34 acquires stroke information Jq on the stroke of the yaw damper device. The yaw damper device has one end attached to an end portion of the vehicle body 2 and the other end attached to a side portion of the bogie 10 to suppress the yawing of the bogie 10 with respect to the vehicle body 2. When the yawing is large, the stroke information Jq is large, and when the yawing is small, the stroke information Jq is small. That is, the size of yawing can be determined from the stroke information Jq.
The inclination sensor 30m will be described. Although the inclination sensor 30m is not limited, the inclination sensor 30m of the present embodiment is an angle sensor that detects an angle of the axle 16s with respect to the horizontal plane based on the known principle. The inclination sensor 30m detects vertical distances at a plurality of positions of the axle 16s in the width direction by a distance sensor, and calculates the inclination of the axle 16s from the difference in the distances. In the following description, an example in which the inclination sensor 30m is a sensor that measures the inclination angle in the rolling direction is shown.
As illustrated in
Since the determination accuracy decreases if the acquisition period of the inclination information Jm and the vibration information Jv is too short, the acquirer 30 acquires the inclination information Jm and the vibration information Jv continuously or intermittently for a preset period. The storage 46 of the information processor 40 temporarily stores the inclination information Jm and the vibration information Jv acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the inclination information Jm and the vibration information Jv in association with the acquisition timing. The storage 46 can store the inclination information Jm and the vibration information Jv in association with the position information Jp of the acquired position.
The determiner 44 determines the wheel state of the wheel 16 or the track state of the track 8 based on the inclination information Jm acquired by the acquirer 30, and provides a determination result E4. The determination result E4 is the result of classifying the wheel state of the wheel 16 or the track state into a plurality of ranks according to the level thereof. For example, the determination result E4 may be the result of classifying the wheel state of the wheel 16 or the track state into two ranks, or may be the result of finer classifying the wheel state or the track state into three or more ranks. The determination result E4 of the present embodiment indicates whether there is a wheel abnormality of the wheel 16 or whether there is a track abnormality of the track 8.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E4 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E4 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E4 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2. The determination result E4 may be displayed on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E4 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system.
The transmitter 48 transmits a brake control signal Bc to a brake controller 60 so as to adjust the braking force when the determination result E4 of the determiner 44 indicates the wheel abnormality or the track abnormality. The brake controller 60 adjusts the braking force according to the brake control signal Bc transmitted from the transmitter 48. By operating in this way, the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, and the brake controller 60 function as the brake control device 80.
A first example of the determination method of the determiner 44 in the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. In the first example, the determiner 44 determines that the wheel diameter difference is excessive when the inclination information Jm exceeds a preset threshold, and determines the wheel abnormality. Further, the inclination information Jm includes the inclination caused by the track unbalance and a cant (hereinafter, referred to as “track element” in the description of the present embodiment) of the track. Therefore, it is preferable to consider the track element in this determination. Note that the cant of the track is a height difference between the tracks on both sides in the width direction, which is designed to increase the stability of the vehicle on a curve.
An example of reducing the influence of the track element will be described. For example, it is possible to average and use the inclination information Jm acquired at a plurality of positions. In addition, the inclination information Jm may be acquired at the position where the track element is small. These methods can reduce the determination error caused by the track element.
In addition, the inclination information Jm may be acquired at a position where the track element is known, and the known track element may be subtracted from the inclination information Jm and used. For example, the known track elements can be obtained by collecting the track element corresponding to the position in advance and inputting the position information Jp to the database. The method can reduce the determination error caused by the track element.
A second example of the determination method of the determiner 44 will be described with reference to
In the second example, the determiner 44 determines the wheel state of the wheel 16 and the track state of the track 8 by using the inclination information (hereinafter, referred to as “a plurality of pieces of axle inclination information Mt” in the description of the present embodiment) on the plurality of axles acquired for the plurality of axles at a plurality of points, and provides the determination result E4. The determination result E4 includes the presence/absence of the wheel abnormality and the presence/absence of the track abnormality. The plurality of pieces of axle inclination information Mt includes inclination information Jm of axle number 1 described later and another axle inclination information Jr of axle number 2-20 described later. Hereinafter, when the inclination information Jm, another axle inclination information Jr, and the plurality of pieces of axle inclination information Mt are collectively simply referred to as “inclination information”.
At point number 1, the plurality of axle inclination information Mt obtained for each axle 16s is indicated by data in one vertical one column of point number 1, and at point number n, the inclination information acquired for each axle 16s is indicated by data in a vertical one column of the point number n.
In
From these, the present inventors devise a method of estimating the wheel components A1, A2, . . . A20 using inclination components D1, D2, . . . Dn derived from a design value of the cant of the track at one or more of the measured n points. For example, in the region where the wear or deformation of the track is small and the unbalance of the track is small, the track components B1, B2 . . . Bn are almost equal to the inclinations D1, D2 . . . Dn. Therefore, the data calculated by subtracting the inclinations D1, D2 . . . Dn from the plurality of pieces of axle inclination information Mt can be used as the wheel components A1, A2 . . . A20. Note that instead of the design value of the cant, an inclination derived from a target value of the cant may be used.
In the second example, when the calculated wheel components A1, A2 . . . A20 exceed a preset threshold, the determiner 44 determines that the wheel diameter difference is excessive and the wheels are abnormal, and when the calculated wheel components A1, A2 . . . A20 is equal to or lower than the threshold, the determiner 44 determines that the wheel is not abnormal. The determination result E4 in this case is the presence or absence of the wheel abnormality.
In addition, when the data of each axle in the vertical one column at the same point is statistically processed and the deviation (=data−average value) from the average value in the vertical one column for the data of each axle is large, it can be evaluated that the wheel diameter difference of the axle is larger than that of other axles. For example, when the standardized result of dividing the deviation by the standard deviations S1, S2 . . . Sn exceeds a preset threshold, it may be determined that the wheel diameter difference is excessive and the wheel is abnormal, and when the standardized result is equal to or lower than the threshold, it may be determined that the wheel is not abnormal.
In addition, when the data of the axle in the horizontal one column at the same point is statistically processed and the deviation (=data−average value) from the average value in the horizontal one column for the data of each axle is large, it can be evaluated that the track unbalance at the point is larger than that at other points. For example, when the standardized result of dividing the deviation by the standard deviations Z1, Z2 . . . Z20 exceeds a preset threshold, it may be determined that the track unbalance is excessive and the track is abnormal, and when the standardized result is equal to or lower than the threshold, it may be determined that the track is not abnormal.
In addition, regarding the data in
For example, the changes in the new data with respect to the past data are compared in each row, and when the change in a particular row is significantly larger than the changes in other rows, it can be determined that the wheel diameter difference of the axle corresponding to the particular row is excessive and the wheel is abnormal.
In addition, the amount of change in the new data with respect to the past data is compared in each column, and when the amount of change in a particular column is significantly larger than the amount of change in other columns, it can be determined that the track is abnormal.
The determination method of the determiner 44 described above can be variously modified. In the above explanation, an example of determination based on the data of the plurality of pieces of axle inclination information Mt of a single train is shown, but for example, the wheel abnormality or the track abnormality may be determined based on the data of the plurality of pieces of axle inclination information at the same point of multiple trains. In this case, the number of data in each column increases and the determination accuracy improves.
In the above explanation, an example of determination based on the data of the inclination information acquired at an arbitrary point (track position) is shown, but the determination may be made based on the data of the inclination information acquired at a specific track position such as a reference station, a vehicle base, or a base. In this case, the influence of the track element is reduced and the determination accuracy is improved.
In the above description, the example in which the determiner 44 makes the determination using only the inclination information has been described, but the determiner 44 may make the determination based on the inclination information and the vibration information Jv. For example, characteristics of the vibration information Jv when the wheel diameter difference is large may be specified in advance and the determination may be made using the characteristics. For example, it may be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the characteristics of the vibration information Jv appear in the case where the wheel diameter difference is large regardless of the specific acquisition point (track position). Further, when the characteristics of the vibration information Jv appear only at a specific acquisition point (track position), it may be determined that the point is the track abnormality. Note that the characteristics of the vibration information Jv include the frequency spectrum of the vibration and the amplitude fluctuation pattern of the vibration.
Further, the determiner 44 may determine the track abnormality based on the inclination information and the stroke information Jq. As described above, the stroke information Jq is acquired from the yaw damper stroke sensor 34. For example, for the stroke information Jq at the same acquisition point (track position), when the amount of change in newly acquired new data with respect to the past data previously acquired and stored exceeds a preset threshold, it may be determined that the track unbalance is excessive and the track is abnormal.
In the above description, an example in which the wheel state and the track state are determined by statistical analysis is shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The determiner 44 may determine the wheel state and the track state by using the learning model M4 generated in advance by machine learning. The learning model M4 can be generated by the machine learning (supervised learning) using the actual measurement data of the reference inclination information and the reference vibration information acquired in advance and the occurrence situation of the wheel abnormality or the track abnormality as the teacher data. In this case, the teacher data may include any one of the vibration level of the reference vibration information, the frequency spectrum of the vibration, and the amplitude fluctuation pattern of the vibration. The learning model M4 may be stored in the storage 46.
In the above description, the data of the inclination information has been shown as an example of being acquired while the vehicle is traveling, but it may be acquired while the vehicle is stopped at a station and the like, for example. The inclination information may be acquired when the vehicle speed detected by the speed sensor is zero. The inclination information may be acquired at any time, or may be acquired at a preset time such as the start of work or the end of work.
The wheel diameter difference and the track unbalance increase as the wear and deformation progress according to the traveling distance of the bogie 10. If the wheel diameter difference becomes too large, it may interfere with traveling, and it is preferable to maintain the wheel 16 or the track 8 before interfering with the traveling. Therefore, the transmitter 48 notifies the determination result E4 to the outside.
In the above description, the example in which the inclination information is the inclination (inclination in the width direction) in the rolling direction is shown, but the inclination information may include the inclination (inclination in the front-back direction) in the pitching direction. By the inclination in the rolling direction, it is possible to evaluate the difference in the degree of uneven wear of the wheels 16 on both sides in the width direction. By the inclination in the pitching direction, it is possible to evaluate the difference in the degree of uneven wear of the front and back wheels 16 of the bogie 10.
In the above description, the example in which the inclination information is the inclination with respect to the horizontal plane is shown, but the inclination information may be the relative inclination with respect to a road surface. For example, the inclination information can be acquired based on the difference between the measurement results (vertical distance) of the vertical distance between two points on a road surface or an object on the road surface by two distance sensors arranged spaced apart from each other in the front-back direction or in the width direction.
In the above description, an example in which the inclination information is acquired by the angle sensor is shown, but the inclination information may be acquired from image data viewed from the direction of the axle 16s of the bogie 10 or the wheel 16 with a camera installed at a predetermined position such as before the vehicle base.
The characteristics of the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment will be described. Since the condition monitoring device 20 determines the wheel state or the track state based on the inclination information, the wheel state or the track state can be understood with a small number of man-hours, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
In the present embodiment, since the determination is made by referring to the inclination information of another axle, it can be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the difference between the plurality of axles is large. In the present embodiment, since the determination is made by referring to the inclination information of another point, it can be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the difference between the plurality of axles is large. In the present embodiment, since the determination is made by referring to the past inclination information previously acquired, it can be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the change over time is large.
In the present embodiment, since the determination is made by referring to the inclination information of another preceding or following vehicle, it can be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the difference between the plurality of vehicles is large. In the present embodiment, since the determination is made by referring to the inclination information of the reference point for comparison, it can be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the difference with respect to the reference point is large.
In the present embodiment, since the determination is made by referring to the vibration information acquired by the vibration sensor, it can be determined that the wheel is abnormal when the characteristics of the vibration information appear in the case where the wheel diameter difference is large.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
As the railway vehicle travels, unevenness on a track surface increases due to wear, scratches, deformation, and the like, and the track deteriorates. When the state (hereinafter, referred to as “track state” in the description of the present embodiment) related to the unevenness of the track surface is worse than the preset standard (hereinafter, referred to as “track abnormality” in the description of the present embodiment), the shaking of the bogie 10 becomes large and the ride comfort is reduced. In addition, if the track abnormality is neglected, the deterioration in the track will progress further, which will hinder the operation of the vehicle. Therefore, it is important to detect the track abnormality early and perform the maintenance.
In order to detect the track abnormality, it is possible to travel a dedicated device for diagnosis on the track and measure the deterioration state in the track. However, in this case, a special measurement device is used to perform a special measurement work, which requires extra man-hours and costs.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the track abnormality is detected using the measurement data of the vibration of the bogie during the normal traveling of the vehicle 100. For example, it is conceivable to determine the presence and absence of the track abnormality from vibration having a magnitude (hereinafter, referred to as “abnormal vibration” in the description of the present embodiment) exceeding a preset threshold. However, the abnormal vibration may occur due to temporary factors such as pinching foreign matter such as pebbles, in addition to the case of the track abnormality, so there is a possibility of erroneous determination. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the abnormal vibration due to the temporary factor is excluded and determined by using other vibration information acquired at another time. In this case, work man-hours and costs can be reduced, and the accuracy of determining whether there is the track abnormality can be improved. Here, another time may be another time on the same day or may be another day. In addition, another vibration information may be acquired by the same bogie, another bogie, another vehicle, or another train.
According to the study of the present inventors, it has been suggested that there is a certain correlation between the vibration information (hereinafter, referred to as “vibration information Jv” in the description of the present embodiment) on the vibration of the bogie acquired by the vibration sensor and the track state of the track 8. Therefore, the track state can be evaluated from the vibration information Jv based on the correlation.
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. The condition monitoring device 20 includes an acquirer 30, an information processor 40, a power supplier 70, and a position information acquirer 82. In addition, the brake control device 80 includes the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, and a brake controller 60. The information processor 40 includes a determiner 44, a storage 46, a transmitter 48, and a transmission controller 42. Unless otherwise specified, the description of the first embodiment is applied to the configuration and operation of each of these elements. The acquirer 30 includes a vibration sensor 30b that acquires vibration information Jv on the vibration of the bogie 10. The acquirer 30 provides the information processor 40 with the vibration information Jv and acquisition information Jg described later as acquisition information J5.
In the present embodiment, the information processor 40 acquires another bogie vibration information Jvb on vibration of another bogie 11 from another bogie vibration sensor 35 that acquires vibration information of the other bogie 11. In addition, the information processor 40 also acquires the position information Jp from the position information acquirer 82. The other bogie 11 may be another bogie of the vehicle 100 to which the bogie 10 belongs, or may be a bogie of another vehicle of another train to which the vehicle 100 belongs. Another bogie vibration sensor 35 may have the same configuration as the vibration sensor 30b, or may be attached to the other bogie 11 by the same attachment structure as the vibration sensor 30b. Note that in the description of the present embodiment, the other bogie 11 is a bogie of another vehicle 101 following the vehicle 100 in a train of a certain organization. Therefore, the bogie 10 passes the same point on the track 8 at a timing earlier than the other bogie 11. The bogie vibration sensor 35 different from the vibration sensor 30b of the present embodiment is provided in the axle box 14b.
The acquirer 30 acquires the vibration information Jv and the other bogie vibration information Jvb and provides the acquired vibration information Jv and another bogie vibration information Jvb to the information processor 40. The storage 46 temporarily stores the vibration information Jv and the other bogie vibration information Jvb acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the vibration information Jv and the other bogie vibration information Jvb in association with the acquisition timing. The storage 46 can store the vibration information Jv and the other bogie vibration information Jvb in association with the acquired position information Jp of the point on the track.
The determiner 44 determines the track state of the track 8 based on the vibration information Jv and the other bogie vibration information Jvb, and provides the determination result E5. The determination result E5 is the result of classifying the track state into a plurality of ranks according to the level. For example, the determination result E5 may be the result of classifying the track state into two ranks, or may be the result of finer classifying the track state into three or more ranks. The determination result E5 of the present embodiment indicates whether or not there is the track abnormality of the track 8.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E5 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E5 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E5 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2. The determination result E5 may be displayed on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E5 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. That is, the transmitter 48 can notify the determination result E5 to the outside of the bogie 10.
The transmitter 48 transmits a brake control signal Bc to a brake controller 60 so as to adjust the braking force when the determination result E5 of the determiner 44 indicates the track abnormality. The brake controller 60 adjusts the braking force according to the brake control signal Bc transmitted from the transmitter 48. By operating in this way, the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, and the brake controller 60 function as the brake control device 80.
A first example of the determination method of the determiner 44 in the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described. In the first example, when the vibration information Jv exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the abnormal vibration is observed and the track is abnormal. Note that in the first example, there is a possibility of erroneous determination from abnormal vibration due to temporary factors such as foreign matter, so it is preferable to perform remeasurement at the same point or reconfirmation by visual observation.
A second example of the determination method of the determiner 44 will be described with reference to
The unevenness portion 8p occurs by the deterioration in the track 8 and therefore is not lost even when the bogie 10 passes. The foreign matter 8q is a temporary one that is lost by the passage of the bogie 10.
When the train 3 travels in the traveling direction, first, as illustrated in
It can be determined that there is the track abnormality at the point P where the abnormal vibrations of the bogie 10 and the other bogie 11 are matched and observed. It can be determined that there is no track abnormality at the point Q where the abnormal vibrations of the bogie 10 and the other bogie 11 are not observed together.
An example of the operation of the condition monitoring device 20 according to the second example will be described with reference to
Next, the abnormal vibration of the following another bogie 11 is detected (step S122). In the example of
Next, the condition monitoring device 20 determines whether the points of the abnormal vibration of bogie 10 and the abnormal vibration of the other bogie 11 match (step S123).
When the detection points of the abnormal vibration of the bogie 10 and the abnormal vibration of the other bogie 11 match (Y in step S123), the condition monitoring device 20 notifies the outside that the track abnormality has occurred (step S124). In the example of
When the detection points of the abnormal vibration of the bogie 10 and the abnormal vibration of the other bogie 11 do not match (N in step S123), the condition monitoring device 20 ends operation S120. In addition, the condition monitoring device 20 ends the operation S120 after executing step S124. This operation S120 is merely an example, and the order of steps may be changed, or some steps may be added/deleted/changed.
The determination method of the determiner 44 described above can be variously modified. In the above explanation, an example of determination based on the data of the vibration information of the plurality of bogies of a single train is shown, but for example, the track abnormality may be determined based on the data of the vibration information at the same point of multiple trains.
In the above description, an example in which the magnitude (vibration level) of the vibration information Jv is used for the determination has been described, but the characteristics of the vibration information Jv may be used for the determination. For example, the characteristics of the vibration information Jv when there is the track abnormality may be stored in advance, and it may be determined that the point where the characteristics appear in the data of the actually measured vibration information Jv is the track abnormality. Note that examples of the characteristics of the vibration information Jv include a frequency spectrum (hereinafter referred to as “spectrum” in the description of the present embodiment) of the vibration information Jv, an amplitude variation pattern, and the like.
For example, the spectrum is obtained by performing Fourier transform a time domain waveform of data and transforming the time domain waveform into a frequency domain. For example, a learning model is generated by the machine learning using the track state at the time of the past track abnormality occurrence and the spectrum of the past actual measurement data as the teacher data, and the spectrum of new actual measurement data is input to the learning model, thereby understanding the track state.
In the above description, an example of determining the track state using the threshold from the vibration information Jv has been shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The determiner 44 may determine the track state by using the learning model M5 generated in advance by the machine learning. The learning model M5 can be generated by the machine learning (supervised learning) using the actual measurement data of the reference inclination information acquired in advance and the occurrence situation of the track abnormality as the teacher data. In this case, the teacher data may include any one of the vibration level of the reference vibration information, the spectrum of the vibration, and the amplitude fluctuation pattern of the vibration. The learning model M5 may be stored in the storage 46.
In the above description, an example of determining the track state based on the vibration information Jv of the vibration sensor 30b has been shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the bogie frame 12 of the bogie 10 may be provided with the image sensor 30g that acquires the image of the track surface and outputs the image information Jg, and the determiner 44 may determine the track state based on the image information Jg acquired by the image sensor 30g. For example, when an image different from the images before and after the imaged area appears in the image information Jg on the track surface, it may be determined that the image is abnormal and the track is abnormal. In this case, it may be possible to make the erroneous determination due to the temporary factor, so it is preferable to perform the remeasurement at the same point or perform the reconfirmation by the visual observation.
In order to avoid the erroneous determination due to the temporary factor, the determination is performed by referring to another vibration information acquired at another time. For example, in addition to the image sensor 30g, another image sensor is installed at another position away in the traveling direction of the train, and when the determination point of the image abnormality based on the image information of the image sensor 30g and the determination point of the image abnormality based on another image sensor match each other, it may be determined that the track is abnormal.
For example, when it is evaluated that the track state is abnormal based on the image information at the same point and that the track state is abnormal based on another image information, the determiner 44 may determine that there is the track abnormality at the point.
Note that the significant incident amount of external light to a head bogie, a tail bogie, or the like is a cause of an erroneous detection. In this case, the image sensor 30g may be arranged in a middle bogie avoiding the head bogie or the tail bogie. Further, in order to reduce the influence of the incident amount of the external light, a plurality of image sensors 30g may be provided, and the determination may be made using the image information acquired by the image sensor 30g having the smaller incident amount of the external light. In addition, a light irradiator 32 that illuminates the track 8 may be provided to obtain good image information.
The characteristics of the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment will be described. Since the condition monitoring device 20 determines the track state based on the vibration or image information acquired while traveling, the track state can be understood with a small number of man-hours, which is advantageous in terms of cost. In addition, in the present embodiment, the track state is determined by referring to another information acquired at another time with respect to the same point on the track 8, so the erroneous determination due to the temporary factor can be prevented.
In the present embodiment, when the determination of the track state based on one information and another information on the same point matches each other, it is determined that there is the track abnormality at the point, so the erroneous determination can be reduced. In the present embodiment, the determination result of the determiner is notified to the outside of the bogie, so the determination result can be used for early maintenance. In the present embodiment, since the information acquired by the sensor provided in bogie is used, the directly acquired information can be used.
In the present embodiment, another information is acquired by the sensor provided in another bogie of another vehicle in the same train, so the system can be completed in the train. In the present embodiment, the acquirer 30 is attached to the bogie frame 12 or the unsprung part 14, and the determiner 44 is attached to the bogie frame 12, so the wiring distance between the acquirer 30 and the determiner 44 can be shortened.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
A brake 18 of a vehicle 100 is stopped within a predetermined braking distance by assigning a required braking force to a regenerative brake 18e and a contact brake 18d. The contact brake 18d presses a brake shoe 18b against a tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 to generate a frictional force therebetween, and decelerates and stops the vehicle 100 by the frictional force. However, in a state in which a smooth state of the tread surface 16b is smoother than a preset reference (hereinafter, referred to as “oversmooth state” in the description of the present embodiment), sufficient frictional force cannot be obtained and thus a braking distance becomes long. It is important to detect and cope with the oversmooth state because the vehicle operation is hindered due to overrun and the like when the braking distance becomes long.
The oversmooth state occurs, for example, when the surface roughness of the tread surface 16b is excessively small and when the surface of the tread surface 16b is mirror-finished even when the surface roughness is above a certain level. Therefore, the oversmooth state of the present embodiment includes a mirror surface state, and includes a state that is not a mirror surface but has an excessively small surface roughness.
According to the study by the present inventors, it has been suggested that there is a certain correlation between tread surface information (hereinafter, referred to as “tread surface information J6” in the description of the present embodiment) on a surface texture of the tread surface 16b acquired by an optical sensor 30f that detects reflected light of the tread surface 16b and the smooth state of the tread surface 16b. Therefore, based on this correlation, the smooth state of the tread surface 16b can be evaluated from the tread surface information J6. Further, the case where the smooth state of the tread surface 16b indicated by the tread surface information J6 is smoother than a preset reference can be determined as the oversmooth state. The optical sensor 30f irradiates a laser on the tread surface 16b from the light irradiator 32 provided on the bogie 10 and acquires the reflected light.
Further, according to the study by the present inventors, it has been found that when the brake shoe 18b is strongly pressed against the tread surface 16b determined to be in the oversmooth state, the tread surface 16b is roughened and is not oversmooth (hereinafter, referred to as “non-oversmooth state in the description of the present embodiment). Therefore, if it is determined that the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state, the tread surface 16b can be roughened and the frictional force can be recovered by controlling the pressing force of the brake shoe 18b to be large.
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. As illustrated in
In the present embodiment, the information processor 40 acquires speed information Jc from the speed sensor 30c and position information Jp from the position information acquirer 82.
The acquirer 30 includes an optical sensor 30f that acquires tread surface information J6 on a surface texture of the tread surface 16b in the bogie 10. The acquirer 30 provides the tread surface information J6 to the information processor 40. The storage 46 temporarily stores the tread surface information J6 acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the tread surface information J6 in association with the speed information Jc at the time of the acquisition. The storage 46 can store the tread surface information J6 in association with the speed information Jc at the time of the acquisition. The storage 46 can store the tread surface information J6 in association with the acquired position information Jp of the point on the track.
The determiner 44 determines the smooth state of the tread surface 16b based on the tread surface information J6 acquired by the acquirer 30, and provides the determination result E6. The determination result E6 is the result of classifying the smooth state into a plurality of ranks according to the level. For example, the determination result E6 may be the result of classifying the smooth state into two ranks, or may be the result of finer classifying the smooth state into three or more ranks. The determination result E6 of the present embodiment indicates whether the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E6 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E6 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E6 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2. The determination result E6 may be displayed on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E6 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. That is, the transmitter 48 can notify the determination result E6 to the outside of the bogie 10.
The transmitter 48 transmits a brake control signal Bc to a brake controller 60 so as to adjust the braking force when the determination result E6 of the determiner 44 is in the oversmooth state. The brake controller 60 adjusts the braking force according to the brake control signal Bc transmitted from the transmitter 48. By operating in this way, the acquirer 30, the information processor 40, and the brake controller 60 constitutes the brake control device 80. The operation of the brake control device 80 will be described later.
The acquirer 30 is attached to the bogie 10. In this case, the tread surface information J6 can be acquired with high accuracy by keeping the positional relationship between the acquirer 30 and the wheels 16 constant. The determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 are provided on the bogie 10 or the vehicle body 2. In this case, since the determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 can be arranged in a location where vibration is small, the influence due to the vibration can be mitigated.
The operation of the condition monitoring device 20 will be described. The determiner 44 determines that the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state when the smooth state of the tread surface 16b indicated by the tread surface information J6 acquired by the acquirer 30 is smoother than a preset reference. Further, when the smooth state is not smoother than the reference, the tread surface 16b is determined to be in a non-oversmooth state (not an oversmooth state). The determiner 44 provides the determination result E6.
An example of the operation of the brake control device 80 will be described with reference to
This operation is performed while the vehicle 100 is traveling and the brake 18 is operating. When the operation S130 is started, it is determined whether the regenerative brake 18e is operating (step S131). When the regenerative brake 18e is not operating (N in step S131), the brake controller 60 ends the operation S130. That is, when 100% of the braking force of the brake 18 is the braking force of the contact brake 18d, the brake control is not executed. This is because if the braking force of the contact brake 18d is too strong, the vehicle may slip.
When the regenerative brake 18e is operating (Y in step S131), the determiner 44 determines whether the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state (step S132). In this step, the determiner 44 provides the determination result E6 to the brake controller 60 by the above operation.
When the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state (Y in step S133), the brake controller 60 increases the braking force of the contact brake 18d to increase the ratio (step S134). In this step, for example, as shown in the graph B of
When the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state (Y in step S133), the condition monitoring device 20 may notify the outside that the oversmooth state has occurred.
As illustrated in
After executing step S134, the process is returned to the beginning of step S131, and the loop of steps S131 to S134 is repeated. The determination of the tread surface 16b is continued while this loop is repeated including the execution of step S134.
When the oversmooth state is eliminated and thus the non-oversmooth state is achieved over the entire tread surface 16b (N in step S133), the brake controller 60 reduces the braking force of the contact brake 18d and returns to the braking force during normal operation, and the operation S130 is ended. At this time, the ratio of the braking force of the contact brake 18d decreases to the ratio during normal operation. This operation S130 is merely an example, and the order of steps may be changed, or some steps may be added/deleted/changed.
The operation of the brake control device 80 described above can be variously modified. In the above description, the determiner 44 shows an example of the determination using the tread surface information J6, but may make the determination using the characteristics of the tread surface information J6. For example, the characteristics of the tread surface information J6 in the case of the oversmooth state may be stored in advance, and when the characteristics appear in the measured data of the tread surface information J6, it may be determined that the state is in the oversmooth state. Note that the characteristics of the tread surface information J6 include the fluctuation pattern and the like of the tread surface information J6.
In the above description, an example in which the smooth state of the tread surface 16b is determined from the tread surface information J6 using the standard has been shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The determiner 44 may determine the smooth state of the tread surface 16b by using the learning model M6 generated in advance by the machine learning. The learning model M6 can be generated by machine learning (supervised learning) using, as teacher data, the fluctuation pattern of the tread surface information J6 when the past oversmooth state occurs. The learning model M6 may be stored in the storage 46.
In the above description, the condition monitoring device 20 shows an example in which the detection result of the optical sensor 30f is used as the tread surface information J6 to determine the smooth state of the tread surface 16b, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the condition monitoring device 20 may use, as the tread surface information J6, an imaging result of an image sensor 30g that images the tread surface 16b to determine the smooth state of the tread surface 16b. For example, the condition monitoring device 20 may determine the smooth state of the tread surface 16b using the surface roughness of the tread surface 16b acquired by a contact or non-contact surface roughness meter as the tread surface information J6.
In the above description, an example in which the braking force of the contact brake 18d is increased when the tread surface 16b is the oversmooth state has been shown, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, when the tread surface 16b is in the oversmooth state, the brake controller 60 may advance the operation start timing of the contact brake 18d. By advancing the operation timing of the contact brake 18d, the time when the brake shoe 18b is in contact with the tread surface 16b becomes longer and the roughening of the tread surface 16b can be promoted.
The frictional force tends to decrease as a peripheral speed of the wheel 16 increases. Therefore, the brake controller 60 may change the ratio of the braking force of the contact brake 18d or the operation timing of the contact brake 18d and the regenerative brake 18e by referring to the speed (speed information Jc) of the vehicle 100.
The characteristics of the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment will be described. Since the condition monitoring device 20 determines the smooth state of the tread surface 16b based on the tread surface information J6 regarding the surface texture of the tread surface 16b, the smooth state of the tread surface 16b can be understood with a small number of man-hours, which is advantageous in terms of cost.
The features of the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. In the brake control device 80, the smooth state of the tread surface 16b is determined based on the tread surface information J6 on the surface texture of the tread surface 16b, and since the braking force or operation timing of the contact brake 18d is changed based on the judgment result, the tread surface 16b can be roughened to recover the braking force.
In the present embodiment, since the braking force of the contact brake 18d increases when the determined smooth state is smoother than the preset reference, the tread surface 16b can be roughened to recover the braking force. In the present embodiment, after the braking force of the contact brake 18d increases, the braking force of the contact brake 18d decreases when the smooth state is not smoother than the reference, so the balance with the braking force of the regenerative brake 18e returns to a normal state.
In the present embodiment, since the detection result of the optical sensor 30f or the imaging result of the image sensor 30g is provided as the tread surface information J6, it is advantageous for miniaturization at low cost. In the present embodiment, since the braking force or the operation timing of the contact brake 18d changes by referring to the vehicle speed, more appropriate control can be performed according to the vehicle speed.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
If a track is excessively worn (hereinafter, referred to as “overwear” in the present embodiment), the ride comfort becomes poor. Therefore, it is important to specify a wear position of the track and perform maintenance. It is possible to use a dedicated track inspection car to detect the wear of the track, but in this case, the track inspection car is expensive and also requires extra man-hours. For this reason, it is important to monitor the worn state so as not to excessively wear the track.
Therefore, a condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment is an acquirer 30 that acquires information (hereinafter, referred to as “track information J7”) on the wear of the track 8 on which the railway vehicle 100 travels and a transmitter 48 that transmits track information J7 acquired by the acquirer 30. In this case, the worn state of the track 8 can be monitored based on track information J7.
Further, according to the study by the present inventors, it has been suggested that the wear of the track is likely to proceed at a braking start position (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “braking start position” in the present embodiment) of a contact brake 18d, and when the braking start position is concentrated at the same position, the wear was likely to proceed at that position. In this way, when the wear proceeds faster at a particular position than at other positions, the frequency of replacing the track increases. For this reason, it is preferable to disperse the braking start position forward and backward from the viewpoint of reducing the frequency of replacing the track by dispersing the wear position.
Therefore, the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment acquires track information Jx on the wear of the track 8 from a track information providing device 90 by the information acquirer 30x, acquires position information Jp of the vehicle 100 (own vehicle) by a position information acquirer 82, and determines the braking start position of the contact brake 18d based on the track information Jx and the position information Jp. In this case, the braking start position is dispersed to delay the progress of the wear, thereby reducing the frequency of replacing the track.
The track information Jx includes information on a certain amount of wear (hereinafter, referred to as “specific wear” in the present embodiment) and the position (hereinafter, referred to as “specific position” in the present embodiment) of the specific wear on track 8. Note that the specific wear includes overwear and wear that is not overwear but proceeds above a certain level.
According to the brake control device 80, based on the track information J7 and the position information Jp of the vehicle 100 itself, the braking start position of the contact brake 18d can be dispersed in the front-back direction of the specific position, and the wear of the track 8 can be dispersed. In addition, the braking start position of the contact brake 18d can be set while avoiding a specific position. By distributing the wear position, the frequency of replacing the track 8 can be reduced.
The track information providing device 90 is not limited as long as it can provide the track information Jx, and examples thereof include the following.
(1) Preceding vehicle capable of imaging a preceding position of the track 8 and providing the track information Jx
(2) Aircraft such as a drone capable of imaging the preceding position of the track 8 and providing track information Jx
(3) Ground equipment capable of providing the track information Jx from a detection result of a strain sensor installed in each place of track 8 and acquiring strain information related to the strain of the track 8
(4) Ground equipment capable of providing track information Jx from imaging results of fixed-point cameras installed at various locations of the track 8 that acquire the image information on the wear of the track 8
(5) Ground equipment that includes a database storing the track information Jx provided in the above (1) to (4) and can provide the track information Jx
In the description of the present embodiment, an example in which the track information providing device 90 is a preceding vehicle that can provide the track information Jx will be described. The track information providing device 90 (preceding vehicle) includes an image sensor 90g, a position information acquirer 90p, a wear determiner 90j, and an information transmitter 90x.
The image sensor 90g images the preceding position of the track 8 and acquires the image information. Specifically, the image sensor 90g is provided in the bogie of the preceding vehicle and acquires image information on the worn state of the track 8 from the reflected light of the light irradiated to the track 8. This image information may be a still image or a moving image. The configuration of the image sensor 90g is the same as that of the image sensor 30g of the first embodiment.
The position information acquirer 90p acquires position information on the position of the track information providing device 90 (preceding vehicle). The configuration of the position information acquirer 90p is the same as that of the position information acquirer 82 of the first embodiment.
The wear determiner 90j determines whether or not there is specific wear based on the image information acquired by the image sensor 90g. The wear determiner 90j specifies a specific position from the position information acquired by the position information acquirer 90p. The information transmitter 90x transmits the determination result of the wear determiner 90j regarding whether there is the specific wear and the specific position as the track information Jx to the outside.
In particular, the information transmitter 90x transmits the track information Jx at the position (specific position) where the specific wear is detected when there is specific wear. The information transmitter 90x transmits the track information Jx when there is a request from another vehicle such as a following vehicle, the ground command station 84, or other outside. The information transmitter 90x may autonomously transmit the track information Jx even when there is no request from the outside.
The track information providing device 90 (preceding vehicle) can be variously modified. For example, the track information providing device 90 may be provided with a contact or non-contact surface roughness meter instead of the image sensor 90g, and the surface roughness of track 8 acquired by this surface roughness meter may be used as track information.
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. As illustrated in
The information acquirer 30x receives the track information Jx transmitted from the track information providing device 90 and provides the received track information Jx to the information processor 40. The information acquirer 30x may request the track information providing device 90 to transmit the track information Jx. The position information acquirer 82 provides the position information Jp to the information processor 40. The acquirer 30 is provided in the bogie 10 and includes an image sensor 30g that acquires track information J7 on the wear of the track 8. The acquirer 30 provides the track information J7 to the information processor 40.
The storage 46 temporarily stores the track information J7 acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the track information J7 in association with the acquisition timing. The storage 46 can store the acquired track information J7 in association with the position information Jp of the position on the track. The storage 46 temporarily stores the information on the specific wear of the track information Jx in association with the specific position.
The determiner 44 determines whether or not the track 8 on the track of the vehicle 100 has the specific wear based on the track information Jx transmitted from the track information providing device 90 (preceding vehicle). Specifically, the determiner 44 determines whether or not the specific position of the track information Jx exists on the route of the vehicle 100, and provides the determination result E7. Therefore, the determination result E7 of the present embodiment indicates whether or not there is specific wear on the track.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E7 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E7 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E7 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2. The determination result E7 may be displayed on a vehicle monitor 2e of the cab 2d. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E7 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. That is, the transmitter 48 can notify the determination result E7 to the outside of the bogie 10.
The transmitter 48 transmits a brake control signal Bc to a brake controller 60 so as to control a braking start position when the determination result E7 of the determiner 44 indicates that there is the specific wear. The brake controller 60 controls the braking start position according to the brake control signal Bc transmitted from the transmitter 48. The operation of the brake control device 80 will be described later.
The determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 are provided on the bogie 10 or the vehicle body 2. In this case, since the determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 can be arranged in a location where vibration is small, the influence due to the vibration can be mitigated.
The operation of the condition monitoring device 20 will be described. The determiner 44 determines whether there is the specific wear from the track information J7 acquired by the image sensor 30g of the acquirer 30. The determiner 44 specifies the specific position from the position information Jp of the position information acquirer 82. When the determiner 44 determines that there is the specific wear, the transmitter 48 transmits the information of the specific wear and the specific position to the outside. That is, the condition monitoring device 20 may function as the track information providing device 90 (preceding vehicle) for the following vehicle, and may apply the description of the track information providing device 90.
An example of the operation of the brake control device 80 will be described with reference to
In the normal operation in which the track information Jx is not received, the vehicle 100 starts braking at a preset position T as illustrated in a first pattern of
When the operation S140 is started, the determiner 44 determines whether or not the specific wear 8d exists at the track 8 on the route has the specific wear 8d (step S141). In this step, the determiner 44 makes a determination based on the presence or absence of the specific wear 8d of the track information Jx transmitted from the track information providing device 90 (another preceding vehicle 101). When there is no specific wear 8d (N in step S141), the brake controller 60 ends the operation S140.
When the specific wear 8d is present (Y in step S141), the brake controller 60 determines whether the specific position where the specific wear 8d is present is the set position T of the vehicle 100 (step S142). When the specific position is not the set position T (N in step S142), the brake controller 60 ends the operation S140.
When the specific position is the set position T (Y in step S142), the brake controller 60 determines whether the vehicle 100 can be stopped within the allowable stop range without using excessive braking when the braking is started at a position (delay position) posterior to the specific position (step S143). For example, it can be determined that the vehicle can be stopped when the braking distance by the normal braking is shorter than the distance to the allowable vehicle stop range.
When the vehicle 100 can be stopped within the allowable stop range (Y in step S143), the brake controller 60 starts braking after the vehicle 100 passes the specific position, as illustrated in a second pattern of
When the vehicle 100 cannot stop within the allowable stop range (N in step S143), the brake controller 60 starts braking at a position (early position) before the specific position, as illustrated in a third pattern of
After the braking is started, the brake controller 60 determines whether the vehicle 100 has reached a specific position (step S146). When the vehicle 100 does not reach the specific position (N in step S146), the brake controller 60 returns the process to the beginning of step S145 and maintains the braking state.
When the vehicle 100 reaches the specific position (Y in step S146), the brake controller 60 stops braking (step S147). The braking stop in this case includes a braking stop in a narrow sense and a substantial braking stop that slightly causes a braking force.
After the braking is stopped, the brake controller 60 determines whether the vehicle 100 passes through the specific position (step S148). When the vehicle 100 does not pass through the specific position (N in step S148), the brake controller 60 returns the process to the beginning of step S147 and maintains the braking stop state.
When the vehicle 100 passes through the specific position (Y in step S148), the brake controller 60 resumes the braking (step S149). After executing step S149, the brake controller 60 ends the operation S140. This operation S140 is merely an example, and the order of steps may be changed, or some steps may be added/deleted/changed. Thus, according to the operation S140, the braking start position can be dispersed before and after the specific position. By doing so, the progress of wear is delayed and the frequency of replacing track is reduced.
The operation of the brake control device 80 can be variously modified. For example, the determination in step S143 may be performed using a learning model M7 generated in advance by machine learning. The learning model M7 can be generated by machine learning (supervised learning) using the past actual measurement data of the vehicle speed, the braking start position, and the braking distance as teacher data. The learning model M7 may be stored in the storage 46.
The operation of the brake control device 80 is particularly effective for vehicles that are automatically operated, but can also be applied to non-automatically operated vehicles that are driven by a driver. In this case, a notifier (not illustrated) for notifying the driver of the braking start position may be provided. The driver can activate the contact brake 18d at the notification timing of the notifier.
The characteristics of the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment will be described. In the condition monitoring device 20, the acquirer 30 includes an image sensor attached to the bogie 10 of the vehicle 100. When the image sensor 30g is attached to the bogie 10, foreign matter can be prevented from adhering from the outside of the bogie 10. In the condition monitoring device 20, the acquirer 30 may include a strain sensor that acquires strain information on the strain of the track 8. In this case, it is possible to disperse the braking start positions based on the strain of the track 8 and make the wear uniform.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In railway vehicles, since motion characteristics such as acceleration and deceleration are changed depending on the vehicle weight, a brake receiver is used to control a regenerative brake and a contact brake according to the vehicle weight. Therefore, it is important to understand the vehicle weight with high accuracy. For example, it is possible to use an air spring 12s arranged between the bogie 10 and the vehicle body 2 to calculate the vehicle weight based on a displacement of the air spring 12s and a spring constant. However, in this method, the spring constant becomes non-linear and the error becomes large because a dead zone of a leveling valve, rattling of a link device for detection, and the like exist in the air spring 12s.
From these, the present inventors devised a technique for calculating the vehicle weight based on the displacement of the shaft spring 12j and the spring constant by focusing on the shaft spring 12j arranged between the bogie frame 12 and the unsprung part 14.
Therefore, the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment is an acquirer 30 that acquires information (hereinafter, referred to as “distance information J8” in this specification) on a distance between the bogie 10 of the railway vehicle 100 on the track 8 and the track 8 and a determiner 44 that determines the weight of the vehicle 100 based on the distance information J8 acquired by the acquirer 30. In this case, the vehicle weight of the track 8 can be monitored based on the distance information J8. This technology can improve the calculation accuracy of the vehicle weight compared to the case of using the air spring 12s. In addition, this technology can also be applied to vehicles that do not have air springs.
For example, the vehicle weight (=change in the number of passengers) can be calculated from the change in the displacement of the shaft spring 12j based on the actually measured value when the number of passengers is zero. Specifically, since the shaft spring 12j flexes and expands and contracts vertically according to the change in the vehicle weight, the vehicle weight can be calculated by measuring the vertical distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8.
A distance sensor 30ka measures a distance Hka to an upper surface (tread surface) of the track 8 on a lower surface of one side beam 12e, and a distance sensor 30kb measures a distance Hkb to the upper surface (tread surface) of the track 8 on a lower surface of the other side beam 12f The distance sensors 30ka and 30kb are laser displacement sensors that acquire a separation distance based on the reflected light of the irradiated laser. The distance sensors 30ka and 30kb may be the known sensors such as ultrasonic sensors and optical sensors instead of the laser displacement sensor. The measurement results of the distances Hka and Hkb are provided as the distance information J8.
As illustrated in
In the example of
As illustrated in
Further, the present embodiment includes the brake control device 80 that changes how to apply the brake 18 according to the determination result E8 of the vehicle weight, as illustrated in
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. As illustrated in
The position information acquirer 82 provides the position information Jp to the information processor 40. The acquirer 30 is provided on the bogie frame 12 of the bogie 10 and provides the distance information J8 including the distances Hka and Hkb to the information processor 40.
The storage 46 temporarily stores the distance information J8 acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the distance information J8 in association with the acquisition timing. The storage 46 can store the distance information J8 in association with the acquired position information Jp of the position on the track. The storage 46 can store the past data previously acquired, the initial data at the time of manufacturing or maintenance, and the design data on the design, regarding the distance information J8.
The determiner 44 determines the vehicle weight based on the distance information J8 acquired by the acquirer 30 and provides the determination result E8. Specifically, the determiner 44 determines the vehicle weight calculated from the distance information J8 using a preset threshold. The determination result E8 is a result of classifying the calculated vehicle weight into a plurality of ranks according to the level. For example, the determination result E8 may be a result of classifying the distance information J8 into two ranks, or may be a result of finer classifying the distance information into three or more ranks. The determination result E8 of the present embodiment indicates whether or not the vehicle weight is greater than the threshold.
Further, parameters for the vehicle weight of the power running control and the brake control may be automatically changed according to the vehicle weight without dividing the vehicle weight into ranks. For example, the vehicle weight may be input to the brake receiver that performs control so as to exert a constant deceleration according to the brake command. The brake receiver controls the regenerative brake and contact brake according to the vehicle weight.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E8 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E8 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E8 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E8 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. That is, the transmitter 48 can notify the determination result E8 to the outside of the bogie 10.
The transmitter 48 transmits the brake control signal Bc to the brake controller 60 when the determination result E8 of the determiner 44 indicates that the vehicle weight is greater than the threshold. The brake controller 60 controls to increase the braking force of the contact brake 18d or to accelerate the braking start timing of the contact brake 18d according to the brake control signal Bc transmitted from the transmitter 48. The operation of the brake control device 80 will be described later.
The determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 are provided on the bogie 10 or the vehicle body 2. In this case, since the determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 can be arranged in a location where vibration is small, the influence due to the vibration can be mitigated.
An example of the operation of the condition monitoring device 20 will be described. The condition monitoring device 20 calculates the vehicle weight from the difference from the newly acquired distance information J8, regarding the distance information J8 by using, as a reference value, any of past data, initial data, and design data in a state where the number of passengers is zero, regarding the distance information J8. The condition monitoring device 20 determines whether or not the calculated vehicle weight is greater than the threshold, and transmits the determination result E8 to the outside of the bogie 10. The operation of the condition monitoring device 20 may be executed at regular intervals.
From the viewpoint of reducing the error, it is preferable that the operation of the condition monitoring device 20 is executed at a preset specific position. The specific position may be a reference position, and for example, a position where the track is horizontal may be selected. The condition monitoring device 20 may operate based on the position information Jp.
The operation of the condition monitoring device 20 may be executed while the vehicle 100 is stopped or traveling. In order to avoid the influence of local wear of the wheel 16 and improve the measurement accuracy, the value (for example, the average value) obtained by statistically processing the data acquired during at least one rotation of the wheel 16 is used as the distance information J8. In this case, the influence of the local wear of the wheels 16 can be suppressed.
An example of the operation of the brake control device 80 will be described. The brake control device 80 inputs the calculated vehicle weight to the brake receiver, and calculates the required braking force according to the vehicle weight. In addition, the brake control device 80 transmits the calculated vehicle weight to the outside and performs the power running control and the braking control of the vehicle with the vehicle weight as a control parameter. The operation of the brake control device 80 may be executed at regular intervals.
The relationship between the displacement of the shaft spring 12j and the vehicle weight is non-linear, and it may be difficult to calculate the vehicle weight from the detection results of the distance sensors 30ka and 30kb. For example, the vehicle weight may be calculated using a learning model M8 generated in advance by machine learning. The learning model M8 can be generated by machine learning (supervised learning) using the detection results of the distance sensors 30ka and 30kb and the past actual measurement data of the vehicle weight as teacher data. The learning model M8 may be stored in the storage 46.
A railway condition monitoring device 20 and a railway brake control device 80 according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
When a wheel 16 of a railway vehicle 100 travels on a track 8, a tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 is worn (including damage) due to factors such as friction with the track 8, friction with a brake shoe 18b, sliding due to rain, and the like. Such wear may proceed unevenly, and if the wear proceeds excessively, the ride comfort may be deteriorated and the vehicle 100 can be adversely affected. Therefore, it is preferable to understand the wear amount of the wheel 16 and perform maintenance of the wheel 16 such as wheel rolling before the wear proceeds excessively.
Further, a diameter (hereinafter, referred to as “wheel diameter” in the present embodiment) of the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 is set as an important parameter in the power running control and the brake control of the vehicle 100. Therefore, it is desirable to understand the wheel diameter and change parameters according to the amount of change in the wheel diameter before the wheel diameter changes excessively.
In order to measure the amount of wear of the wheel 16 and the amount of change (hereinafter referred to as “the amount of change in a wheel shape” in the present embodiment) in the wheel diameter, it is considered to perform a special measurement operation using a dedicated device such as a wheel diameter measurement device in a garage. However, the method requires complicated calculations to improve the measurement accuracy, and is disadvantageous in terms of cost due to the use of a large-scale dedicated device.
From these, the present inventors proposed a technique for calculating the wheel shape change amount from the change amount of the newly measured distance between the bogie 10 and track 8 with respect to the reference distance between the bogie 10 and the track 8.
Therefore, the condition monitoring device 20 of the present embodiment is an acquirer 30 that acquires information (hereinafter, referred to as “distance information J9” in this specification) on a distance between the bogie 10 of the railway vehicle 100 on the track 8 and the track 8 and a determiner 44 that determines the shape change amount of the wheel 16 of the bogie 10 based on the distance information J9 acquired by the acquirer 30 and the preset reference distance information Js. In this case, the wheel shape change amount of the track 8 can be monitored based on the distance information J9.
For example, the reference distance information Js may be an actually measured or set distance between the bogie 10 and the track 8 in a vehicle-vacant state in which there are no passengers on the horizontal track 8. The reference distance information Js may be any of past data actually measured in the past, initial data at the time of manufacturing or maintenance, and design data set at the time of design. The reference distance information Js of the present embodiment is set based on the initial data at the time of manufacturing or maintenance.
The first distance sensor 30p includes a plurality (two) of sensor units 30pa and 30pb which are arranged spaced apart from each other in the front-rear direction between the front wheel 16f and the rear wheel 16r of the bogie 10. The sensor units 30pa and 30pb measure distances Hpa and Hpb to the upper surface (tread surface) of the track 8 on the lower surface of the one side beam 12e. The second distance sensor 30s includes a plurality (two) of sensor units 30sa and 30sb which are arranged spaced apart from each other in the front-rear direction between the front wheel 16f and the rear wheel 16r of the bogie 10. The sensor units 30sa and 30sb measure distances Hsa and Hsb to the upper surface (tread surface) of the track 8 on the lower surface of the other side beam 12f.
The sensor units 30pa, 30pb, 30sa, and 30sb are laser displacement sensors that acquire a separation distance based on the reflected light of the irradiated laser. The sensor units 30pa, 30pb, 30sa, and 30sb may be the known sensors such as ultrasonic sensors and optical sensors instead of the laser displacement sensor. The measurement results of the distances Hpa, Hpb, Hsa, and Hsb are provided as the distance information J9.
As illustrated in
In the example of
As illustrated in
Further, the present embodiment includes the brake control device 80 that changes how to apply the brake 18 according to the determination result E9 of the wheel shape change amount, as illustrated in
The main configurations of the condition monitoring device 20 and the brake control device 80 of the present embodiment will be described. As illustrated in
The position information acquirer 82 provides the position information Jp to the information processor 40. The acquirer 30 is provided on the bogie frame 12 of the bogie 10 and provides the distance information J9 including the distances Hpa, Hpb, Hsa, and Hsb to the information processor 40.
The storage 46 temporarily stores the distance information J9 acquired by the acquirer 30. The storage 46 can store the distance information J9 in association with the acquisition timing. The storage 46 can store the distance information J9 in association with the acquired position information Jp of the position on the track. The storage 46 can store the past data previously acquired, the initial data at the time of manufacturing or maintenance, and the design data on the design, as the reference distance information Js.
The determiner 44 determines the wheel shape change amount based on the distance information J9 acquired by the acquirer 30 and the reference distance information Js and provides the determination result E9. The determination result E9 may be the wheel shape change amount calculated as a difference of the distance information J9 from the reference distance information Js. Further, the determination result E9 may be a result of classifying the calculated wheel shape change amount into a plurality of ranks using a preset threshold. For example, the determination result E9 may be a result of classifying the distance information J9 into two ranks, or may be a result of finer classifying the distance information J9 into three or more ranks.
The determination result E9 of the present embodiment is a result of classifying the wear amount of the wheel shape change amount into three ranks of “low wear amount”, “medium wear amount”, and “large wear amount”. For example, when the determination result E9 indicates the “low wear amount”, it can be predicted that the maintenance time will not be reached for the time being. For example, when the determination result E9 indicates the “medium wear amount”, it can be predicted that the maintenance time such as the wheel rolling is reached after half a year. For example, when the determination result E9 indicates the “large wear amount”, it can be predicted that the maintenance time such as the wheel rolling is reached within three months.
The determination result E9 of the present embodiment is a result of classifying the wheel diameter change amount of the wheel shape change amount into three ranks of “low change amount”, “medium change amount”, and “large change amount”. For example, when the determination result E9 indicates that the wheel diameter is the “medium change amount” or the “large change amount”, parameters for the power running control and the brake control of the vehicle 100 may be changed according to the change amount.
Further, regarding the wheel diameter change amount of the wheel shape change amount, the parameters for the wheel diameter of the power running control and the brake control may be automatically changed according to the wheel diameter change amount without classifying the ranks. For example, the wheel change amount may be input to the brake receiver that performs control so as to exert a constant deceleration according to the brake command. The brake receiver controls the regenerative brake and contact brake according to the vehicle diameter change amount.
The transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E9 of the determiner 44 to the outside of the bogie 10. In this case, the determination result E9 can be used externally. In this example, the transmitter 48 is provided on the bogie frame 12. The transmitter 48 may be provided on the vehicle body 2. In this example, the transmitter 48 transmits the determination result E9 to the cab 2d of the vehicle body 2. The transmitter 48 may transmit the determination result E9 to a computer 84c of a ground command station 84 outside the vehicle 100 or a cloud system. That is, the transmitter 48 can notify the determination result E9 to the outside of the bogie 10.
The transmitter 48 transmits the brake control signal Bc to the brake controller 60 when the determination result E9 of the determiner 44 indicates that the wheel diameter is the “medium change amount” or the “large change amount”. The brake controller 60 controls to increase the braking force of the contact brake 18d or to accelerate the braking start timing of the contact brake 18d according to the brake control signal Bc transmitted from the transmitter 48.
The determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 are provided on the bogie 10 or the vehicle body 2. In this case, since the determiner 44 and the brake controller 60 can be arranged in a location where vibration is small, the influence due to the vibration can be mitigated.
An example of the operation of the condition monitoring device 20 will be described. The condition monitoring device 20 operates to acquire the distance information J9 for each preset period and determine the shape change amount based on the acquired distance information J9 and the reference distance information Js. The preset period may be one day, one week, one month, and the like. In the present embodiment, this operation is performed every day, at the beginning of work, or at the end of work.
From the viewpoint of reducing the error, it is preferable that the operation of the condition monitoring device 20 is executed at a preset specific position. The specific position may be a reference position such as a garage (including a pit and a storage line), and a position where the track is horizontal is preferable. The condition monitoring device 20 may operate based on the position information Jp. The operation of the condition monitoring device 20 may be executed in a location other than the garage as long as it is empty on a horizontal track.
The operation of the condition monitoring device 20 may be executed while the vehicle 100 is stopped or traveling. In order to avoid the influence of local wear of the wheel 16 and improve the measurement accuracy, the value (for example, the average value) obtained by statistically processing the data acquired during at least one rotation of the wheel 16 is used as the distance information J9. In this case, the influence of the local wear of the wheels 16 can be suppressed.
An example of the operation of the brake control device 80 will be described. The brake control device 80 may input the calculated vehicle shape change amount to the brake receiver, and calculate the required braking force according to the wheel shape change amount. In addition, the brake control device 80 transmits the calculated wheel shape change amount to the outside and performs the power running control and the braking control of the vehicle with the wheel shape change amount as a control parameter. The operation of the brake control device 80 may be executed at regular intervals.
Since the relationship between the detection results of the first distance sensor 30p and the second distance sensor 30s and the wheel shape change amount (wear amount or wheel diameter change amount) is non-linear, it may be difficult to calculate the wheel shape change amount from the detection results of the first distance sensor 30p and the second distance sensor 30s. For example, the wheel shape change amount may be calculated using a learning model M9 generated in advance by machine learning. The learning model M9 can be generated by machine learning (supervised learning) using the past actual measurement data of the detection results of the first distance sensor 30p and the second distance sensor 30s and the wheel shape change amount as teacher data. The learning model M9 may also be stored in the storage 46.
Hereinafter, examples of the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail. All the above-described embodiments or modifications are merely specific examples for implementing the present invention. The contents of the embodiments do not limit the technical scope of the present invention, and various changes in design such as modifications, additions, and deletions of components can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention defined in the claims. In the above-described embodiment, the contents such as “of one embodiment” and “in one embodiment” are described with respect to the contents in which such a design change is possible, the change in design is permitted even if the contents are not described in such a notation.
Hereinafter, modifications will be described. In the drawings and description of the modifications, the same or equivalent constituent elements and members as those of the embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals. Descriptions that overlap with those of the embodiment will be appropriately omitted, and configurations different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described.
In the description of the first embodiment, an example in which the wheel diameter information is acquired based on the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the tread surface 16b of the wheel 16 has been shown, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The wheel diameter information may be acquired based on the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8. By measuring the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8, a change (=change in the number of passengers) in the weight of the vehicle 100 can be detected. The weight of the vehicle 100 can be understood by the difference from the measured value when the number of passengers is zero.
Since the shaft spring 12j flexes and expands and contracts vertically according to the change in the weight of the vehicle 100, the vehicle weight can be calculated by measuring the vertical distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8, so the weight of the vehicle 100 can be understood. The vertical distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8 can be measured with an ultrasonic sensor or an optical sensor. Under the condition that the weight of the vehicle 100 is constant, the flexure of the shaft spring 12j is constant, and the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8 changes according to the change in the wheel diameter. Therefore, the wheel diameter can be calculated by measuring the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8 under the condition that the weight of the vehicle 100 is constant.
It is preferable to measure the distance from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8 at the center of the bogie frame 12 in the width direction and the center of the front-back direction. In this case, the influence of the axle 16s can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to understand the current vehicle wheel diameter by obtaining the difference from the reference wheel diameter by comparing the distances from the bogie frame 12 to the track 8 at two different time points under the condition that the weight of the vehicle 100 is the same. By comparing the wheel diameters between the plurality of wheels 16, it is possible to match the wheel diameters by rolling the plurality of wheels 16 according to the minimum wheel diameter.
Although each of the above-described embodiments shows an example in which the tread surface brake is provided, a disk brake may be provided instead of the tread surface brake within the range consistent with the description of the embodiment.
The above-described modification has the same operation and effect as each of the embodiments.
Any combination of the above-described embodiments and modifications is also useful as an embodiment of the present invention. The new embodiment generated by the combination has the effects of the combined embodiments and modifications.
The invention according to each of the above-described embodiments may be specified by the items described below.
(Item 1) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to be attached to a railway vehicle bogie and acquire state information on one or more of vibration, velocity, acceleration, sound, reflected light, an image, temperature, humidity, and a wheel diameter;
a determiner structured to be attached to the bogie, perform a determination of a state of a track on which the bogie travels or a state of the bogie based on the state information acquired by the acquirer, and provide the determination result;
a transmitter structured to be attached to the bogie and transmit the determination result to an outside of the bogie; and
a power supplier structured to be attached to the bogie and supply power to the acquirer and the transmitter.
(Item 2) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 1, further comprising:
a storage structured to temporarily store the information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 3) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 1 or 2, further comprising:
a position information acquirer structured to acquire position information on a position of the railway vehicle,
wherein the transmitter transmits the determination result to the outside of the bogie when the bogie is at a preset position based on the position information acquired by the position information acquirer.
(Item 4) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the transmitter transmits the determination result to the outside of the bogie when the determination result satisfies a predetermined condition.
(Item 5) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the power supplier includes a generator attached to the bogie and a battery charged by the generator, and
the transmitter transmits the determination result to the outside of the bogie when a residual storage amount of the battery is greater than a preset level.
(Item 6) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the transmitter transmits the determination result to the outside of the bogie when a communication state with a communication partner is greater than the preset level.
(Item 7) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the transmitter is attached to a bogie frame, and the acquirer is attached to an unsprung part supported through a spring from the bogie frame.
(Item 8) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the determiner makes the determination using a learning model generated by using machine learning based on state information acquired in advance and the state of the track or the state of the bogie corresponding to the state information.
(Item 9) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 8, further comprising:
a model generator structured to be attached to the bogie and generate the learning model, wherein the model generator updates the learning model based on newly acquired state information and the state of the track or the state of the bogie corresponding to the state information.
(Item 10) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquires state information on one or more of vibration, speed, acceleration, sound, reflected light, an image, temperature, humidity, and a wheel diameter;
a determiner structured to make a determination of a state of a track on which the bogie travels or a state of the bogie based on the state information acquired by the acquirer and provide the determination result;
a transmitter structured to transmit the determination result to an outside of the bogie; and a power supplier structured to supply power to the acquirer and the transmitter.
(Item 11) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie;
an acquirer structured to be attached to the bogie and acquire state information on one or more of vibration, velocity, acceleration, sound, reflected light, an image, temperature, humidity, and a wheel diameter;
a determiner structured to be attached to the bogie, make a determination of a state of a track on which the bogie travels or a state of the bogie based on the state information acquired by the acquirer, and provide the determination result;
a transmitter structured to be attached to the bogie and transmit the determination result to an outside of the bogie; and
a power supplier structured to be attached to the bogie and supply power to the acquirer and the transmitter.
(Item 12) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to be attached to a railway vehicle bogie, and acquire vibration information on vibration in the bogie and speed information of the vehicle; and a determiner structured to perform a determination of a worn state of a wheel of the bogie based on the vibration information and the speed information acquired by the acquirer and provide the determination result.
(Item 13) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 12, wherein the determiner determines the worn state of the wheel using a learning model generated by machine learning based on reference vibration information acquired in advance for the bogie and actual measurement data of the worn state of the wheel corresponding to the reference vibration information.
(Item 14) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 12 or 13, wherein the determiner determines the worn state of the wheel based on a plurality of pieces of vibration information acquired for a plurality of locations of the bogie spaced apart from each other.
(Item 15) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 12 to 14, wherein the vibration information is acquired by a sensor attached to a bogie frame of the bogie or a portion supported through a spring from the bogie frame.
(Item 16) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 15, wherein the determiner is provided on the bogie frame or an outside of the bogie.
(Item 17) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 12 to 16, further comprising: a transmitter structured to transmit the determination result of the determiner to the outside of the bogie.
(Item 18) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
a sensor structured to acquire vibration information on vibration of a bogie; and a determiner structured to determine a worn state of a wheel based on the vibration information and speed information of a vehicle.
(Item 19) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie;
a sensor structured to be attached to the bogie and acquire vibration information on vibration of the bogie;
a determiner structured to determine a worn state of a wheel based on the vibration information and speed information of a vehicle; and
a vehicle body to which a device structured to receive a determination result of the determiner is provided.
(Item 20) A railway brake control device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire sound information on sound or vibration information on vibration in a railway vehicle bogie when a brake shoe in the bogie is pressed against a braking member to generate a braking force;
a determiner structured to determine an occurrence state of a brake squeal of the brake shoe or the braking member based on the sound information or the vibration information acquired by the acquirer; and
a brake controller structured to change the braking force to reduce the brake squeal when the determiner determines that the brake squeal occurs.
(Item 21) The railway brake control device according to item 20, wherein the determiner determines that the brake squeal occurs when the sound information or the vibration information satisfies a preset determination condition.
(Item 22) The brake control device according to item 20, wherein the determiner uses a learning model generated in advance by machine learning based on reference sound information or reference vibration information and actual measurement data of an occurrence state of the brake squeal to determine the occurrence state of the brake squeal.
(Item 23) The brake control device according to item 22, wherein the learning model includes any one of a material of the brake shoe, a shape of the brake shoe, a pressing force of the brake shoe, a speed of a vehicle, a frequency of the brake shoe, and a braking force, in addition to the reference sound information or the reference vibration information and is generated by machine learning by referring to the actual measurement data of the occurrence state of the brake squeal.
(Item 24) The railway brake control device according to item 22 or 23, wherein the learning model is updated when the brake shoe is worn to a preset degree.
(Item 25) The railway brake control device according to any one of items 20 to 24, wherein
the railway vehicle includes a contact brake and a regenerative brake, and the acquirer acquires the sound information or the vibration information when the contact brake is operated and the regenerative brake is not operated.
(Item 26) The railway brake control device according to any one of items 20 to 25, wherein the acquirer is attached to a portion supported through a spring from a bogie frame of the bogie.
(Item 27) The railway brake control device according to any one of items 20 to 26, wherein the determiner is provided on the bogie frame of the bogie or an outside of the bogie.
(Item 28) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire sound information on sound or vibration information on vibration in a railway vehicle bogie when a brake shoe in a bogie is pressed against a braking member to generate a braking force;
a determiner structured to determine an occurrence state of a brake squeal of the brake shoe or the braking member based on the sound information or the vibration information acquired by the acquirer; and
a brake controller structured to change the braking force to reduce the brake squeal when the determiner determines that the brake squeal occurs.
(Item 29) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie;
an acquirer structured to be attached to the bogie and acquire sound information on sound or vibration information on vibration in the bogie when a brake shoe in the bogie is pressed against a braking member to generate a braking force;
a determiner structured to determine an occurrence state of a brake squeal of the brake shoe or the braking member based on the sound information or the vibration information acquired by the acquirer; and
a brake controller structured to change the braking force to reduce the brake squeal when the determiner determines that the brake squeal occurs.
(Item 30) A railway condition monitoring device, wherein a brake squeal of a brake shoe or a braking member is detected based on sound information on sound or vibration information on vibration in a railway vehicle bogie when the brake shoe in the bogie is pressed against the braking member to generate a braking force.
(Item 31) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire inclination information on an inclination of an axle of a railway vehicle bogie on a track; and
a determiner structured to determine a wheel state related to a worn state of a wheel or a track state related to an unequal state of the track on both sides in a width direction based on the inclination information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 32) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 31, wherein the determiner determines the wheel state or the track state by referring to another inclination information on an inclination of an axle different from the axle of the vehicle.
(Item 33) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 31, wherein the determiner determines the wheel state or the track state by referring to inclination information on another point acquired at another point of the track.
(Item 34) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 31, wherein the determiner determines the wheel state or the track state by referring to past inclination information previously acquired for the same point of the track.
(Item 35) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 31, wherein the determiner determines the wheel state or the track state by referring to inclination information of another vehicle acquired by a preceding vehicle or a following vehicle with respect to the same point of the track.
(Item 36) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 31, wherein the determiner determines the wheel state or the track state by referring to inclination information for comparison acquired at a point for comparison of the track or another track.
(Item 37) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 31 to 36, wherein the determiner determines the wheel state or the track state by referring to vibration information acquired by a sensor attached to a portion supported on a bogie frame of the bogie or through a spring from the bogie frame.
(Item 38) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire inclination information on an inclination of an axle of a bogie; and
a determiner structured to determine a wheel state related to a wear of a wheel or a track state related to an unequal state of a track on both sides in a width direction based on the inclination information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 39) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie;
an acquirer structured to be attached to the bogie and acquire inclination information on an inclination of an axle of the bogie; and
a determiner structured to determine a wheel state related to a wear of a wheel or a track state related to an unequal state of a track on both sides in a width direction based on the inclination information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 40) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire vibration information on vibration or image information on an image of the track in a bogie of a vehicle at the time of traveling on a track; and
a determiner structured to determine a track state related to the state of the track by referring to another vibration information or another image information acquired at another time for the same point of the track based on the vibration information or the image information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 41) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 40, wherein when it is evaluated that there is abnormality in the track state for the same point based on the vibration information or the image information, and when it is evaluated that there is abnormality in the track state based on the other vibration information or the other image information, the determiner determines that there is track abnormality at the point.
(Item 42) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 41, further comprising a notifier structured to notify a determination result of the determiner to an outside of the bogie when the determiner determines that there is the track abnormality.
(Item 43) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 40 to 42, wherein the vibration information or the image information is acquired by a vibration sensor or an image sensor provided on the bogie.
(Item 44) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 43, wherein the other vibration information or the other image information is acquired by the vibration sensor or the image sensor provided on another bogie of another vehicle of a train to which the vehicle belongs.
(Item 45) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 43 or 44, wherein the acquirer is attached to a portion supported on the bogie frame of the bogie or through the spring from the bogie frame, and the determiner is attached to the bogie frame.
(Item 46) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire vibration information on vibration or image information on a track in a bogie at the time of traveling on the track; and
a determiner structured to determine a track state related to the state of the track by referring to another vibration information or another image information acquired at another time for the same point of the track based on the vibration information or the image information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 47) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie structured to travel on a track of a railway;
an acquirer structured to be attached to the bogie and acquire vibration information on vibration or image information on the track in the bogie at the time of traveling on a track; and
a determiner structured to determine a track state related to the state of the track by referring to another vibration information or another image information acquired at another time for the same point of the track based on the vibration information or the image information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 48) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire tread surface information on a surface texture of a tread surface in a railway vehicle bogie having a contact brake that generates a braking force by pressing a brake shoe against the tread surface and a regenerative brake; and
a determiner structured to determine a smooth state of the tread surface based on the tread surface information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 49) A brake control device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire tread surface information on a surface texture of a tread surface in a railway vehicle bogie having a contact brake generating a braking force by pressing a brake shoe against the tread surface and a regenerative brake;
a determiner structured to determine a smooth state of the tread surface based on the tread surface information acquired by the acquirer; and
a brake controller structured to change a braking force or an operation timing of the contact brake based on the smooth state determined by the determiner.
(Item 50) The brake control device according to item 49, wherein the brake controller increases the braking force of the contact brake when the smooth state determined by the determiner is smoother than a preset reference.
(Item 51) The brake control device according to item 50, wherein the brake controller increases the braking force of the contact brake to reduce the braking force of the contact brake when the smooth state becomes less smooth than the reference.
(Item 52) The brake control device according to any one of items 49 to 51, wherein the acquirer provides, as the tread surface information, a detection result of an optical sensor detecting reflected light from the tread surface or an imaging result of an image sensor imaging the tread surface.
(Item 53) The brake control device according to any one of items 49 to 52, wherein the brake controller changes the braking force or the operation timing of the contact brake by referring to a speed of the vehicle.
(Item 54) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
a contact brake structured to generate a braking force by pressing a brake shoe against a tread surface and a regenerative brake; and
an acquirer structured to acquire tread surface information on a surface texture of the tread surface.
(Item 55) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie structured to travel on a track of a railway;
a contact brake structured to generate a braking force by pressing a brake shoe against a tread surface and a regenerative brake;
an acquirer structured to be attached to the bogie and acquire tread surface information on a surface texture of the tread surface;
a determiner structured to determine a smooth state of the tread surface based on the tread surface information acquired by the acquirer; and
a brake controller structured to change a braking force or an operation timing of the contact brake based on the smooth state determined by the determiner.
(Item 56) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire track information on a wear of a track on which a railway vehicle travels; and
a transmitter structured to transmit the track information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 57) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 56, wherein the acquirer includes an image sensor attached to a head of the vehicle or a bogie of the vehicle.
(Item 58) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 56, wherein the acquirer includes a strain sensor acquiring stain information on a strain of the track.
(Item 59) A brake control device, comprising:
an information acquirer structured to acquire track information on a wear of a track on which a railway vehicle having a contact brake that generates a braking force by pressing a brake shoe against the tread surface and a regenerative brake travels and position information on a position of the vehicle; and
a brake controller structured to determine a braking start position of the contact brake based on the track information and the position information acquired by the information acquirer.
(Item 60) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire track information on a wear of a track on which a railway vehicle travels; and
a transmitter structured to transmit the track information acquired by the acquirer to an outside of the acquirer.
(Item 61) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a contact brake structured to generate a braking force by pressing a brake shoe against a tread surface;
a regenerative brake;
an information acquirer structured to acquire track information on a wear of a track on which a vehicle travels; and
a brake controller structured to determine a braking start position of the contact brake based on position information on a position of the vehicle and the track information acquired by the information acquirer.
(Item 62) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance between a railway vehicle bogie on a track and the track; and
a determiner structured to determine a weight of the vehicle based on the distance information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 63) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 62, wherein the acquirer is attached to a bogie frame of the bogie and includes a plurality of distance sensors each measuring a distance to the track on both sides in a width direction.
(Item 64) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 63, wherein the plurality of distance sensors measure the distance to the track at a central position between a front wheel and a rear wheel of the bogie.
(Item 65) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 62 to 64, further comprising:
a transmitter structured to transmit the determination result of the determiner to the outside of the bogie.
(Item 66) A brake control device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance between a railway vehicle bogie on a track and the track;
a determiner structured to determine a weight of the vehicle based on the distance information acquired by the acquirer; and
a brake controller structured to change a braking force or an operating timing of a brake of the vehicle based on the determination result of the determiner.
(Item 67) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance to a traveling track; and
a transmitter structured to transmit the distance information acquired by the acquirer to an outside of the acquirer.
(Item 68) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie structured to travel on a track of a railway;
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance between the bogie and the track; and
a determiner structured to determine a weight of the vehicle based on the distance information acquired by the acquirer.
(Item 69) A railway condition monitoring device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance between a railway vehicle bogie on a track and the track; and
a determiner structured to determine a shape change amount of a wheel of the bogie based on the distance information acquired by the acquirer and preset reference distance information.
(Item 70) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 69, wherein the acquirer includes a first distance sensor and a second distance sensor that are attached to a bogie frame of the bogie, arranged spaced apart from each other on both sides in a width direction, and each measure a distance to the track.
(Item 71) The railway condition monitoring device according to item 70, wherein the first distance sensor and the second distance sensor include a plurality of sensor units that are arranged spaced apart from each other in a front-back direction between front and rear wheels of the bogie and measure the distance to the track.
(Item 72) The railway condition monitoring device according to any one of items 69 to 71, further comprising: a transmitter structured to transmit the determination result of the determiner to the outside of the bogie.
(Item 73) A brake control device, comprising:
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance between a railway vehicle bogie on a track and the track;
a determiner structured to determine a shape change amount of a wheel of the bogie based on the distance information acquired by the acquirer and preset reference distance information; and
a brake controller structured to change a braking force or an operating timing of a brake of the vehicle based on the determination result of the determiner.
(Item 74) A railway vehicle bogie, comprising:
a wheel;
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance to a track on which the wheel travels; and
a transmitter structured to transmit the distance information acquired by the acquirer to an outside of the acquirer.
(Item 75) A railway vehicle, comprising:
a bogie structured to include a wheel and travel on a track of a railway;
an acquirer structured to acquire distance information on a distance between the bogie and the track; and
a determiner structured to determine a shape change amount of a wheel of the bogie based on the distance information acquired by the acquirer and preset reference distance information.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-167060 | Sep 2019 | JP | national |
| 2020-135303 | Aug 2020 | JP | national |
