Patent Grant
7533550
This invention relates generally to cylinder locks, and more particularly to a programmable cylinder lock which allows for adapting the lock to operate upon insertion of a key having a different configuration than a key to which the lock was originally adapted.
In many organizations, such as businesses, apartment buildings, hotels, schools, etc., it is generally desirable to customize the locks to the particular organization. There are two general methods by which keys and locks may be customized. The first involves reconfiguring the drivers and tumblers in the lock so that a key with a particular top edge contour may operate the locks of the organization. The second involves configuring the keyways in the locks to accept keys having a unique pattern of longitudinal contours formed in their sides. The purpose of the exclusivity generated by these methods is to prevent unauthorized entry into the organization. When keys and locks formed by the second method are involved, it is not sufficient for opening the lock that one have a key having a top edge contour appropriate to the lock; the key must also include an appropriate longitudinal contour of grooves and/or ridges.
In general, standard, conventional locks include a housing that has a cylindrical bore therein. An elongated generally cylindrical plug is rotatably mounted within the bore. A plurality of cylindrical apertures or holes extend through the housing and can be aligned with corresponding cylindrical holes in the plug. Paired sets of drivers and tumblers are positioned within these holes (i.e., the drivers within the holes in the housing, the tumblers within the holes in the plug) and are capable of moving within the plug and housing in such a manner as to allow for rotational movement of the plug in response to a main key inserted in the lock. The arrangement and construction of the lock also causes one or more of these sets of drivers or tumblers to be positioned in the interface between the plug and housing to prevent relative rotation between the plug and the housing when the wrong main key or no main key is inserted in the lock. However, the relative positioning of the sets of drivers and tumblers, plug, and housing is such that, when the proper key is inserted, the drivers are substantially wholly within the holes in the housing and the tumblers are substantially wholly within the holes in the plug, such that the plug can be rotated without interference to an unlocking position.
Many locks or sets of locks also include two types of keys: tenant keys and master keys. In general, each tenant key will only open one lock of a particular subset of locks, whereas a master key may open all the locks of the subset. Over the course of time, the security of an organization may become compromised by the loss of control of one or more of the tenant keys. For example, in apartment buildings, hotels, or motels, a guest or renter may leave and inadvertently or intentionally retain a key. When this occurs, subsequent occupants or tenants cannot be secure in their persons and property. Thus it would be desirable to easily and quickly reprogram the locks to accept a new key or set of keys.
Locks that can be easily changed are also desired by businesses where several employees are in possession of keys to fit the locks. In such situations, an employee may be discharged or quit, but retain possession of a key. Further, an employee may lose a key, thus placing the security of the locked area in doubt. Locks that can be easily changed are also desired in matters of personal security. One example of such a situation is a school where teachers and/or administrators may wish to quickly change the configuration of locks on classroom doors to secure students inside the classroom and safely set apart from the hallways in the event that an undesirable or dangerous individual breaches the security of the school.
When keys are lost or are possessed adversely, the general response is to change the locks fitting the lost key to require a key with a new top edge contour to correspond to different length tumblers. Generally, the shape of the longitudinal inner walls of the keyway that confront the longitudinal contour on the side of the key is not changed due to the generally exorbitant cost of such a change.
There are several generally known methods in the prior art for changing the configuration of drivers and tumblers in standard cylinder locks. Some of these methods involve removing the drivers and tumblers from a lock and replacing them with a different set of drivers and tumblers. However, there are many disadvantages to these prior methods of changing locks. First, these methods are tedious and time consuming. Second, they generally require the presence of a locksmith. And finally, they require disassembly and reassembly of the actual lock structure along with removal and replacement of the lock in a door.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide and construct a lock that permits rapid change in the positioning of drivers and tumblers to accept a key of a different design or configuration. It would further be desirable to provide a lock that allows the operative key to be changed without removal of the plug from the lock, and/or other disassembly of the lock structure. It would be further desirable to provide a lock wherein such change could be effected in a more rapid fashion than is currently available in locks of the prior art.
The present invention relates to a changeable lock assembly comprising: a) a housing having a bore therein; b) a plug rotatably mounted in the bore, the plug having a longitudinal axis, and a first passage parallel to the longitudinal axis, and configured to receive a key selected from a subset of keys, said subset of keys comprising at least a first key and a second key, each key having at least one contour position; and c) a change member movable within the lock between a first position in the lock and a second position in the plug, the change member being movable from the first position to the second position solely in response to rotation of the plug by the operation of the second key; wherein when the change member is in the first position, the first key operates the lock, and wherein when the change member is in the second position, the first key does not operate the lock.
The present invention also relates to a changeable lock assembly that can be reconfigured to operate with different keys of a set of user key, without disassembling the lock, comprising: a) a housing having a generally cylindrical bore with an inner surface and a plurality of generally cylindrical driver chambers intersecting the bore surface; b) a plurality of generally cylindrical drivers, each driver being positioned and movable within one driver chamber and being urged toward the bore surface; c) a plug having a generally cylindrical periphery and rotatably mounted within the bore so as to form a shear line at the interface of the bore surface and the plug periphery, the plug further having: a longitudinal axis; a keyway intersecting the periphery and parallel to the longitudinal axis and configured to receive a key selected from a subset of keys, the subset of keys including at least a first key having a first contour edge that operates the lock in a first lock configuration but does not operate the lock in a second lock configuration, and a second key having a second contour edge that operates the lock in the second lock configuration but does not operate the lock in the first lock configuration, wherein the first contour edge and the second contour edge have at least a first contour position and a second contour position that are differently configured; a plurality of generally cylindrical tumbler chambers intersecting the periphery and the keyway and generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, each tumbler chamber being aligned with a driver chamber when the plug is at a first rotated position with respect to the housing so as to form a pin chamber; and a plurality of retainer cavities intersecting the periphery, each retainer cavity being spaced apart from a corresponding tumbler chamber and aligned with a corresponding driver chamber when the plug is at a second rotated position with respect to the housing; and a change tool slot configured parallel to the longitudinal axis, that extends from the front face of the plug and intersects a portion of each of the retainer cavities; d) a plurality of tumblers, each tumbler being positioned and movable within one tumbler chamber; e) a plurality of lock configuration change balls, each change ball being associated with one pin chamber, having a first position within the pin chamber between the driver and tumbler, and a second position within the retainer cavity, and being movable from the second position within the retainer cavity upon insertion of a change tool into the change tool slot.
The present invention further relates changeable lock assembly comprising: a) a housing having a bore therein; b) a plug rotatably mounted in the said the bore, the plug having: i) a longitudinal axis; ii) a first passage parallel to the longitudinal axis, and configured to receive a key selected from a subset of keys, said subset of keys comprising at least a first key and a second key, each key having at least one contour position; iii) a second passage configured in the plug to receive a change tool, and c) a change member movable within the lock between a first position in the lock and a second position in the plug, the change member being movable from the first position to the second position solely in response to rotation of the plug by the operation of the second key; wherein when the change member is in the first position, the first key operates the lock, and wherein when the change member is in the second position, the first key does not operate the lock.
The present invention further relates to a changeable lock assembly comprising: a) a housing having a bore therein; b) a plug rotatably mounted in the bore, the plug having a longitudinal axis, the plug further including a first passage parallel to the longitudinal axis, the first passage adapted to receive at least a first key and a second key; and c) first and second subsets of pin chambers, wherein each pin chamber of the first subset of pin chambers lies in a first plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and wherein each pin chamber of the second subset of pin chambers lies in a second plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the first plane and the second plane are not coplanar.
The present invention relates also to a changeable lock assembly, comprising a) a housing having a generally cylindrical bore with an inner surface and a plurality of generally cylindrical driver chambers intersecting the bore surface; b) a plurality of generally cylindrical drivers, each driver being received by and movable within one driver chamber and being urged toward the bore surface; c) a plug having a generally cylindrical periphery and rotatably mounted within the bore so as to form a shear line at the interface of the bore surface and the periphery, the plug further having: 1) a longitudinal axis; 2) a keyway configured parallel to the longitudinal axis and configured to receive a key selected from a subset of keys, the subset of keys including at least a first key and a second key, the first and second key each having an edge with at least one contour position that is differently configured; 3) a plurality of generally cylindrical tumbler chambers intersecting the periphery and the keyway and generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, the tumbler chambers being equal to the number of driver chambers and being aligned therewith when the plug is at a first position with respect to the housing so as to form a pin chamber, such that when the plug is in the first position and at least one of the drivers is urged so as to intersect the shear line, the plug cannot be rotated within the housing; 4) a plurality of retainer cavities intersecting the periphery and spaced apart from a corresponding tumbler chamber, the retainer cavities being aligned with a corresponding driver chamber when the plug is at a second position with respect to the housing; d) a plurality of tumblers, each tumbler being received by and movable within one tumbler chamber; e) a plurality of lock configuration change members, at least one change member being positioned in the each pin chamber between a driver and tumbler, at least one of the change members being responsive to the at least one contour position when the second key is inserted into the keyway such that the change member is disposed wholly within the driver chamber and can be moved within the lock to one of the retainer cavities when the plug is rotated from the first to second position; f) the plug being rotatable after insertion of: (1) the first key when the one change member is within tumbler chamber; and (2) the second key when the change member is in the one retainer cavity.
The present invention also relates to a method for reprogramming a lock, the method comprising: a) providing an adaptable lock assembly comprising a housing having a bore therein, a plug rotatably mounted in the bore, the plug having a longitudinal axis, the plug further including a first orifice parallel to the longitudinal axis, the first orifice adapted to receive a key selected from a subset of keys, the subset of keys including at least a first key and a second key, and a change member movable within the lock between a first position in the lock and a second position in the plug, the change member being movable from the first position to the second position solely in response to rotation of the plug by operation of the second key, wherein when the change member is in the first position, the first key operates the lock, and wherein when the change member is in the second position, the first key does not operate the lock; b) providing a subset of keys, the subset of keys including at least a first key and a second key, each of the first key and the second key including a top contour, the second key having a different top contour than the first key, the first key being operable to operate the lock; c) inserting the second key into the first orifice; and d) moving the change member from the first position to the second position such that the first key is inoperable to operate the lock.
The present invention relates also to a method of making a changeable lock plug by machining a standard lock plug, comprising the steps of: a) providing a standard lock plug having a keyway, an axial centerline and a circumferential surface, the standard plug further having a plurality of tumbler chambers extending through the circumferential surface along a first line extending parallel to the axial centerline, wherein each tumbler chamber extends into the keyway and has a centerline that is spaced apart by a first distance from an adjacent tumbler chamber; and b) machining a plurality of retainer cavities into the standard plug through the circumferential surface along a second line extending parallel to the axial centerline, wherein each retainer cavity extends into the plug body is displaced radially from a corresponding tumbler chamber by an arc angle along the circumferential surface.
The present invention also relates to a method of machining a plug for a variable change lock, comprising: a) providing a plug body having a keyway, an axial centerline, and a circumferential surface; b) machining a plurality of tumbler chambers through the circumferential surface along a first line extending parallel to the axial centerline, wherein each tumbler chamber extends into the keyway and has a centerline that is spaced apart by a first distance from an adjacent tumbler chamber; c) machining a plurality of retainer cavities through the circumferential surface along a second line extending parallel to the axial centerline, wherein the retainer cavities extend into the plug body, and each retainer cavity is displaced radially from a corresponding tumbler chamber by an arc angle along the circumferential surface; and d) machining a slot through the circumferential surface and along the second line.
The present invention also relates to a lock kit, comprising: A) a subset of keys including at least a first key having a first contour edge that operates the lock in a first lock configuration but does not operate the lock in a second lock configuration, and a second key having a second contour edge that operates the lock in the second lock configuration but does not operate the lock in the first lock configuration, wherein the first contour edge and the second contour edge have at least a first contour position and a second contour position that are differently configured; B) a change tool; C) a changeable lock assembly that can be reconfigured to operate with different keys without disassembling the lock, comprising: a) a housing having a generally cylindrical bore with an inner surface and a plurality of generally cylindrical driver chambers intersecting the bore surface; b) a plurality of generally cylindrical drivers, each driver being positioned and movable within one driver chamber and being urged toward the bore surface; c) a plug having a generally cylindrical periphery and rotatably mounted within the bore so as to form a shear line at the interface of the bore surface and the plug periphery, the plug further having: 1) a longitudinal axis; 2) a keyway intersecting the periphery and parallel to the longitudinal axis and configured to receive a key selected from the subset of keys; 3) a plurality of generally cylindrical tumbler chambers intersecting the periphery and the keyway and generally orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, each tumbler chamber being aligned with a driver chamber when the plug is at a first rotated position with respect to the housing so as to form a pin chamber; and 4) a plurality of retainer cavities intersecting the periphery, each retainer cavity being spaced apart from a corresponding tumbler chamber and aligned with a corresponding driver chamber when the plug is at a second rotated position with respect to the housing; and 5) a change tool slot configured parallel to the longitudinal axis, that extends from the front face of the plug and intersects a portion of each of the retainer cavities; d) a plurality of tumblers, each tumbler being positioned and movable within one tumbler chamber; e) a plurality of lock configuration change balls, each change ball being associated with one pin chamber, having a first position within the pin chamber between the driver and tumbler, and a second position within the retainer cavity, and being movable from the second position within the retainer cavity upon insertion of the change tool into the change tool slot; D) instructions for use; and E) a means for securing the keys, lock assembly, change tool, and the instructions.
The present invention solves the problems and eliminates the drawbacks of locks as described above in the background of the invention. The present invention does so by providing both an adaptable or changeable lock and a method of using the lock in order to reprogram the lock to accept a second key having a different top contour than a first key. The present invention provides a lock that permits rapid change in the positioning of drivers and tumblers to accept one or more keys of a different design or configuration, without removal of the plug from the housing of the lock, and without disassembly of the lock assembly. The present invention provides a lock that allows the operative key to be changed without removal of the plug from the lock, or other disassembly of the lock assembly.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with a general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The lock includes a housing with a bore disposed through the housing and a plug (or lock core) rotatably mounted within the bore. The plug has a longitudinal axis and a first orifice or passage parallel to the longitudinal axis to provide a keyway that is adapted to receive a key. The housing and plug also each include a plurality of paired sets of radially extending apertures or holes, respectively, which are adapted to receive, respectively, the drivers and tumblers of the lock. The radially extending holes in the housing form driver chambers. The radially extending holes in the plug form tumbler chambers. When the lock is in a first position wherein the drivers and tumblers can move in a vertical direction (in the Figure), the vertical apertures of the plug are aligned with the vertical apertures of the housing. In this first lock position or first rotated position, the tumbler chambers are aligned with the respective driver chambers, each resulting pair of extended apertures or holes forms a pin chamber. The drivers and tumblers can move within the aligned set of pin chambers. The lock can also include a change member, for example, a change ball in the form of a ball bearing, that is adapted to be disposed within the pin chamber as part of the paired driver/tumbler stack or set, or alternatively can be disposed within a separate retainer recess or cavity located in or otherwise associated with the plug. This change member can have a size smaller than that of the other members of the driver/tumbler stack or set. By moving a change member or change members between one or more of the pin chambers and the retainer cavities, one may alter the driver/tumbler configuration such that the lock will accept and operate with a second key having a differing top contour, but will not operate with the originally operable first key.
With the lock of the present invention, a subset of keys can be provided, each key configured such that it can be the operable key for the lock. In one embodiment of the present invention, as an operator progresses through each key of the subset of keys for a particular lock, at least one additional change member is displaced from a pin chamber and into a retainer cavity. As this occurs, any keys of the subset of keys that are configured to move less than the current number and configuration of change members that are displaced will no longer operate the lock. Using any key of the subset of keys that is configured to move more than the current number and configuration of change members that are displaced can displace at least one additional change member, and thus change the driver/tumbler configuration of the lock to match that new key. For example, if a lock includes six driver/tumbler stacks or sets, then there can be up to seven keys in an operable subset, with each successive key displacing at least one more change member than the previous key. Thus, each key will have a nearly identical top contour to the previous key in the set, with the exception that at least one additional contour location will be raised, as will be explained in greater detail below. This embodiment of the lock of the present invention thus allows for reconfiguring driver/tumbler stacks or sets in the absence of a change tool, thereby allowing for rapid, automatic rekeying, simply by using a new key of the subset of keys.
Once all the change members have been displaced into retainer cavities, thus reaching the end of a key set, the lock can be reset to the first key in the set through the use of a change tool. In order to effect this change, the plug includes a second orifice or passage to provide a change slot, which is configured in the plug in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, and intersects each of the retainer cavities. When the retainer cavities are aligned in a plane with the driver chambers of the housing, and the change tool is inserted in the change slot, any change members in the retainer cavities will be displaced there from and into the driver chambers, thus returning the change members to the driver/tumbler stack and resetting the lock to operate with a subsequently-inserted key from the set of keys.
The method of using this embodiment of the lock of the present invention involves inserting a first key to which the lock is programmed to operate into the keyway of the lock. This key then can be used to rotate the plug within the housing of the lock. The first key is then removed from the longitudinal slot. A second key, having a different though complementary top edge contour than the first key, is then inserted. The second key is complementary to the first key in that each raised contour position of the first key is found on the second key. The second key is different in that it has at least one additional contour position or location raised, which the first key does not have; the top edge contour of the second key otherwise matches the top edge contour of the first key. As this happens, the driver/tumbler stack associated with that raised contour location is lifted such that the change member of that driver/tumbler stack is raised above the shear line of the lock and is disposed in the respective driver chamber of the housing. As the plug rotates by rotating the second key, the retainer cavities will come into alignment with the respective driver chambers of the housing. As this occurs, the force of a spring or other biasing mechanism disposed or positioned above the driver in the respective driver chamber forces any change member raised above the shear line of the lock down into a corresponding retainer cavity. As the second key and plug are rotated back to the original position, the additional change member is then disposed in a retainer cavity offset from the tumbler chambers of the plug, whereby the lock has been reset to operate with the second key. The first key is now inoperable due to its inability to lift the now additionally changed driver/tumbler stack sufficiently to allow rotation of the plug.
Alternate embodiments of the invention can include an embodiment that involves the use of a change tool with each reconfiguration of the drivers and tumblers of the lock. This embodiment can expand the number of keys in a particular set of keys, since instead of moving change members from the tumbler chamber, via the driver chamber, into the retainer cavities as one progresses through a set of keys, one may shift change members back and forth between the tumbler chambers and retainer cavities. This embodiment of the invention can also include keys having at least two raised contour locations, which prevent automatic lock changing. However, more keys can be provided to a key set. For example, by staggering two raised contour locations over a total of six contour locations, 15 different key combinations can be achieved. Similarly, a subset of keys having four raised contour locations over a total of six contour locations provides for 15 different key combinations.
Yet another alternate embodiment of the present invention can include a memory block that is disposed in the plug of the lock and is adapted to intersect the change slot and the openings to the retainer cavities. This memory block prevents different keys from being inserted into the lock in an unauthorized fashion by partially blocking the openings to the retainer cavities. Thus any change members raised above the shear line cannot fit through the openings and into the retainer cavities as they are rotated into alignment with the driver chambers, unless an authorized user inserts a change tool which displaces the memory block away from the change slot such that the full breadth of the opening to each of the retainer cavities is exposed to receive a change member.
Yet another alternate embodiment can include at least one radial tumbler disposed in a radially extending slot in the plug. The radial slot is disposed in or associated with a sidewall of the plug radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the plug. These radial tumblers can include notches to accept a sidebar which is disposed between the housing and plug of the lock. This sidebar and radial tumbler configuration adds extra security to the lock in that a user will need a key not only having a proper top edge contour but also a proper longitudinal contour in order to move the radial tumblers to a proper position to allow the sidebar to move inwardly from the housing of the lock into the plug, thereby allowing the plug to rotate to operate the lock.
The method of reconfiguring the lock of the present invention as described above can be used to reconfigure the drivers and tumblers in order to change tenant keys that can properly operate the lock. The method involves the use of a change tool when an authorized or operable user key is inserted into the lock, re reset the lock to allow another user key of the subset of keys to become the operarable user key.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention allows for master keys that can operate the lock properly without reconfiguring the driver and tumbler arrangement. In particular, in one embodiment, this alternate embodiment includes at least one master shim or pin, preferably with at least one master shim being disposed in each tumbler chamber of the plug. These master shims are disposed in the driver/tumbler stack directly beneath the change member. The master shims are each sized larger than the change members and are also sized larger than the openings to the retainer cavities. Thus, when a master key is inserted into the keyway of the plug, all of the driver/tumbler stacks are raised so that the bottom tumbler lies beneath the shear line and within the tumbler chamber of the plug, while each of the master shims lies directly above the shear line of the lock and in the driver chamber of the housing. When the plug is rotated in the lock such that the retainer cavities come into alignment with the driver chambers of the housing, the master shims can not fall through the opening and into the retainer cavities due to their larger size. The master shims also prevent any change members from moving into the retainer cavities, because the master shims are disposed between the retainer cavities and any change member in a driver chamber, and will block the opening to the retainer cavities through which the change members could enter. Thus, there is no pathway for the change member to enter the retainer cavities. As such, one may operate a master key to open any lock in a particular facility system without reconfiguring the driver/tumbler stack of the lock. In an embodiment of the present invention that includes a memory block, there is no need for the driver/tumbler stack to include master shims, since the change members can be prevented from entering the retainer cavities by the memory block.
Referring to
In
More specifically, and as shown in
When the respective driver chambers 40 of the housing and the tumbler chambers 42 of the plug are aligned, a plurality of pin chambers 18 are formed, extending from the keyway 24 in the plug to and through the top end of the housing. The pin chambers 18 extend in a manner substantially orthogonal with respect to the longitudinal axis 54 of the plug 16. The portion of the pin chambers 18 represented by the tumbler chambers 42 intersect the bore 14 and extend through a portion of the plug 16 to intersect the keyway 24, while the portion of the pin chamber 18 represented by the driver chambers 40 extend into and through the housing 12 of the lock 10. Thus, the driver chamber 40 portion of each pin chamber 18 intersects the housing 12 and the bore 14, while the tumbler chamber portion 42 of each pin chamber 18 intersects the periphery of the plug 16 and the keyway 24. Biased by the driver spring 26 between the top plate 28 and each driver 20, driver 20 disposed within each driver chamber 40 is urged generally toward the bore 14. When no key is inserted into the keyway 24, the force of the driver spring 26 can cause at least a portion of each driver 20 to project into the tumbler chamber 42 portion, of the pin chamber 18 within the plug.
Each tumbler chamber 42 is axially aligned with a respective driver chamber 40 when the plug 16 is in an initial or first position shown in
The lock 10 of the present invention also includes a lock configuration change member 56, which, as in the illustrated embodiment, can be in the form of a generally spherical change member or change ball, such as a ball bearing. Change member 56 is configured to be disposed within the pin chamber 18 and incorporated as part of each paired stack or set of drivers 20 and tumblers 22. Alternatively, the change member 56 can be disposed in a separate retainer cavity 58 configured in or otherwise associated with the plug 16. Each change member 56 is movable such that it can be displaced from a first position in the pin chamber 18, more specifically in tumbler chamber 42, to a second position within the respective retainer cavity 58. Conversely, change member 56 can be displaced from the second position within the retainer cavity 58 to the first position in the pin chamber 18. By moving a change member 56 between one or more of the pin chambers 18 and the respective retainer cavities 58, one can alter the configuration of one or more of the paired stacks or sets of drivers 20 and tumblers 22 to accept and render operable keys having a differing top contour 32. Thus, when a change member 56 is in a first position, it can be incorporated as part of a paired stack or set of drivers 20 and tumblers 22. In a driver/tumbler stack having a change member 56, the driver 20 and tumbler 22 can each contact and engage a respective side of the change member 56 when it is disposed between the driver 20 and the tumbler 22. In a driver/tumbler stack where the change member 56 has been displaced to the second position, the driver 20 and the tumbler 22 can contact and engage one another. Alternatively, as will be explained in more detail below, the driver/tumbler stack can include a generally circular master shim 60 disposed amongst or between the driver 20, tumbler 22, and change member 56 of the respective stack or set. A lock 10 of the present invention can be provided with a subset of keys that can operate the particular lock, and are adapted to displace one or more change members 56, as will be described in greater detail below.
Each retainer cavity 58 has an opening having a circular cross section for receiving change members 56. Typically, the change member 56 has a diameter smaller, more typically just slightly smaller, than the cross section of the retainer cavity 58. The spherical shape of the change member 56 allows rolling movement within the cavity 58 and driver/tumbler chambers 40 and 42 of the lock, and to project the same cross-sectional shape regardless of its orientation. Also, the spherical shape of the change member 56 has no corners or edges which can obstruct its free movement. A barrel- or cylindrical-shaped change member can be used in a lock of the present invention, although it may have a tendency to tilt or tumble within a chamber, and increase the potential of becoming lodged within the chamber and jamming the lock. For the purpose of describing succeeding embodiments of the present invention, the change member 56 will hereinafter be referred to as the change ball 56.
Referring now to
In the illustrated embodiment of
When a key is inserted in the keyway 24, a raised contour location 66 will raise the upper end 36 of the respective tumbler 22 flush with the shear line 38 of the lock 10, such that any change ball 56 disposed in a first position will be raised above the shear line 38 and into the driver chamber 40 of the housing 12. Referring to
Once all the change balls 56 have been displaced into respective retainer cavities 58, thus reaching the end or having used the last of the subset of user keys, the lock 10 can be reset to the first key 30 in the subset through the use of the change tool 64. Alternatively, the lock 10 can be reset any time an operator desires, not just when all of the keys of a set have been used. In order to effect this change, the plug 16 includes a second orifice or passage in the form of change slot 88. Change slot 88 is typically configured in the plug 16 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 of the plug 16, and typically extends from the front face of the plug and intersects a portion of each of the retainer cavities 58. When the plug 16 has been rotated to a position where the retainer cavities 58 are aligned with the driver chambers 40 of the housing 12, and the change tool 64 is fully inserted in the change slot 88, any change balls 56 disposed in the retainer cavities 58 will be displaced out of the retainer cavities 58 and into the driver chambers 40. When the plug 16 is then rotated back to its original position, the change balls 56 are returned to the corresponding stack or set of drivers 20 and tumblers 22, and the lock 10 is reset.
The change slot 88 is preferably configured into the plug 16 along the longitudinal line passing through the centers of the retainer cavities 58. This configuration allows the change tool 64 inserted into the change slot 88 to raise a change ball 56 contained therein at its center of weight and to its maximum height. Additionally, the change slot 88 is configured to minimize the width thereof to that necessary to accommodate a change tool 64 that can effectively raise the change balls 56 out of the retainer cavities 58. In a typical door lock, having six or so pin chambers, the width of the change slot is typically about 0.020 inches (about 0.50 mm) or less. If the width of the change slot 88 is too large, a member such as a master shim 60 (discussed herein after) might catch the corner 188 of the opening to the retainer cavity 58 at the intersection with the change slot 88 (see
The method of using the lock 10 of this embodiment of the present invention involves inserting a first key 30 to which the lock 10 is programmed to operate into the longitudinal keyway 24 of the lock 10. This key then can be used to rotate the plug 16 within the housing 12. The first key 30 is then removed from the longitudinal keyway 24. The second key 62 has a different though complementary top edge contour 32 than the first key 30. The top edge contour 32 of the second key 62 also has raised contour locations 66 that match the top edge contour 32 of the first key 30, to raise any paired stacks or sets of drivers 20 and tumblers 22 in like manner as would also be raised by the first key 30, and at least one additional raised contour 66. As the second key 62 is inserted, the additional raised contour 66 on the second key causes at least one change ball 56 to be raised above the shear line 38 of the lock 10 and disposed in the respective driver chamber 40 in the housing 12.
When the second key 62 and plug 16 are rotated clockwise, the retainer cavities 58 will come into alignment with the driver chambers 40. As this occurs, the spring force of the driver spring 26 disposed above each driver 20 in the driver chamber 40, forces the change ball 56, situated above the shear line 38, down into its corresponding retainer cavity 58. When the second key 62 is rotated along with the plug 16 back to its original position, the additional change ball 56 is now disposed in a retainer cavity 58 offset from the pin chamber 18, and thus the lock 10 has been reset to operate with the second key 62.
While only one change ball 56 at a time is being described moving from a tumbler chamber 42 to the retainer cavity 58, the invention provides that more than one change ball 56 at a time can be moved from the tumbler chambers 42 to the retainer cavities 58.
Referring now to
It should be recognized that when the lower portion of a change ball 56, below its centerline, spans the shear line, the rotation along the shear line of the plug within the housing will cause the ball 56 to be forced into the drive chamber 40. If the centerline or the upper portion of the change ball lies along the shear line, the plug will not rotate in the bore of the housing, and may become jammed.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
With the change tool 64 still inserted in the change slot 88, the plug 16 is then rotated back one quarter turn counterclockwise to an original position (not shown) wherein the driver chamber 40 and the tumbler chambers 42 are now aligned. The change balls 56, which has been isolated in the driver chamber 40 by the change tool 64, remain disposed in the driver chambers 40 in the housing 12 just above the shear line 38.
Referring now to
The embodiment of the lock 10 depicted in
Referring to
The illustrated embodiment shown in
The subset of keys is made to accommodate the tumbler and driver combinations used in the pin chambers of the particular changeable lock. With a typical key, the height of any contour position can be cut to accommodate the height of the corresponding tumbler selected for use in each pin chamber. Generally, a longer tumbler 22 requires a lower contour cut, and a short tumbler requires a higher contour cut. When cutting the key contour positions, the landing width of the position should be sufficiently wide to prevent a tumbler from beginning to descend prematurely off the end of the contour landing in any one of the pin chambers if the key is withdrawn slightly from the keyway.
A second embodiment of the invention is depicted in
The lock 10 may be reset to operate with a second key 62a in the key set through the use of the change tool 64. In order to effect this change, the plug 16 includes a second passage, shown as change slot 88. The change slot 88 is configured in the plug 16 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 54, and is positioned to intersect each of the retainer cavities 58. When the plug 16 is rotated to align the retainer cavities 58 with the driver chambers 40, and the change tool 64 is inserted in the change slot 88, any change balls 56 disposed in the retainer cavities 58 are displaced out of the retainer cavities 58 and into the driver chambers 40 in the housing 12. This facilitates the return of the change balls 56 to the stack of drivers 20 and tumblers 22, and the resetting of the lock 10.
The method of using the lock 10 of this embodiment of the present invention provides a means for rapidly changing the internal configuration of the drivers, tumblers and change members of the lock to reconfigure the lock to operate exclusively with one of many different keys in a set of keys. The method of using the rapid change lock does not require disassembly, or removal of the plug from the housing. The method involves inserting a first key 30a into the longitudinal keyway 24 of a lock 10 that is programmed or configured to operate with the first key 30a. This first key 30a then can be used to rotate the plug 16 within the housing 12. After the plug 16 is rotated one-quarter turn clockwise(that is, about 90.degree. in the illustrated embodiment) to bring the change slot 88 into alignment with the driver chambers 40, the change tool 64 can be inserted into the change slot 88, forcing any change balls 56 disposed in the retainer cavities 58 into the driver chambers 40. With the change tool 64 in the inserted position, the plug 16 is then rotated back one-quarter turn counter-clockwise to its original position. The first key 30a is then removed from the keyway 24. Removal of the first key 30a from the keyway allows the driver springs 26 disposed above the drivers 20 force any change balls 56 from the driver chambers 40 into the tumbler chambers. This resets the lock, or said another way, places the lock into a reset configuration. A second key 62a is then inserted. The second key 62a has a different though complementary top edge contour 32 to the first key 32a; that is, it is otherwise similar to the top edge contour 32 of the first key 30a except that a different two of the contour positions 66 are raised. When key 62a is inserted, at least two change balls 56 are raised above the shear line 38 and are disposed in the driver chambers 40 of the housing 12 as shown in
The illustrated second embodiment will now be described in additional detail. In
Referring now to
With the change tool 64 still inserted in the change slot 88, the plug 16 is rotated back one-quarter turn counter-clockwise to the original position. The change balls 56 remain disposed in the driver chambers 40 in the housing 12 as the plug 16 is rotated back to its original position. Referring now to
Referring now to
The illustrated embodiment shown in
In another alternative of the second embodiment of the invention, the subset of keys can be configured so that each user key in the subset can raise four of the change balls above the shear line 38 of the lock 10 when inserted into the keyway 24. Each user key of the subset of user keys is configured with four raised contour locations 66, wherein no two keys exhibit the same staggered pattern of four raised contour locations 66. The maximum number of keys in the four-raised-contour subset is the same as that number for the two-raised-contour subset of keys described herein before. The four-raised-contour key has an added advantage of reducing the possibility of “incidental keying”. This situation can occur when a lock is opened with a key from outside the subset of keys having one or more contour positions with a slightly different height. The slightly different contour height can cause the centerline of a change ball to be unintentionally raised above the shear line 38 when that key is inserted into the keyway. When the centerline of a change ball is just slightly above the shear line, the rotation of the plug within the bore of the housing will force the change ball into the driver chamber, from where it is then deposited into the retainer cavity upon rotation of the plug. When the legitimate user key is inserted into the lock, the absence of the unintentionally-displaced change ball in the pin chamber prevents the key from raising the driver 20 above the shear line, thus rendering the legitimate key inoperable.
In yet another alternative of the second embodiment, the subset of operable keys can be configured so that the individual user keys raise different numbers of the change balls above the shear line of the lock upon insertion into the keyway and rotation of the plug. In this alternative embodiment, each key in the subset must be configured to avoid allowing any one key from having all of the raised contour positions of any other key in the subset, since having such would enable the former key to change automatically the configuration of the lock that is operated by the latter key without requiring use of the change tool. Using a subset of keys that can raise different number of change balls typically limits the total number of keys in the subset of keys requiring a change tool. For example, a six-chamber lock with a subset of keys that can raise some combination of two change members, three change members, or four change members, is typically limited to less than 10 possible combinations. By comparison, a six-chamber lock with a subset of keys that only have two raised contour positions to move two change members, or only have four raised contour positions to move four change members, has 15 possible combinations, and a six-chamber lock with a subset of keys that only moves three change members has 10 possible combinations.
To lock out all user keys of the subset from operating the lock 10, an operator may have a “lockout” key having all contour locations 66 raised (shown as key 86 in
In a preferred embodiment, the lock is provided with a means for signaling to the user that the key and plug are in the first rotated position (or the key insertion position). A typical plug positioning means is a detent and pin. As shown in
In operation, when the plug is in its first rotated position shown in
When an operable key 30a is inserted into the lock and rotated toward its second rotated position shown in
A typical way of forming the detent means during the making of the lock is described. While restraining the plug 16 from movement within the housing 12 and with the tumbler chambers 42 aligned with the drive chambers 40, a hole is drilled through the cylindrical portion 11 of the housing, forming the second detent cavity 166, and partially into the plug 16. A small flat surface can be machined onto the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 11 to facilitate the drilling. The plug is then removed and a larger-diameter hole is drilled into the plug, centered on the smaller partial hole, to form the first detent cavity 160. A detent ball 164 on top of a detent spring 162 are then inserted and restrained in the first detent cavity 160 as the plug 16 is inserted into the bore 14 of the housing 12. A preferred detent spring has a stainless steel wire of about size 013, and is available as part number C090x013x190 from W. B. Jones Spring Co., Inc., of Wilder, Ky.
Optionally the lock of the present invention can be configured with a second plug positioning means to provide a signal to the user that the plug has been rotated to the second rotated position within the housing for inserting the change tool and resetting the lock.
Referring now to
The lock 10 having a memory block 90 is shown in
Referring now to
The memory bar 90 is configured with a bevel 93, shown in
With the change tool 64 still inserted, the plug 16 has been rotated back one-quarter turn counter-clockwise to its original position. The first key 30b has been removed and a second key 62b has been inserted, as shown in
Referring now to
The change tool 64 is then pulled from the change slot 88. So long as at least some portion of the length of the change tool 64 remains in the entry to the change slot 88 and engaged with the bevel 93, the memory block 90 remains biased away from the opening to the retainer cavities 58. Thus, as the distal end of the change tool 64 is withdraw past each driver chamber 40, any change ball 56 disposed within the driver chamber 40 above the shear line 38 is forced by the driver spring 26 through the opening and into the corresponding retainer cavity 58.
After the change tool 64 is completely withdrawn from the change slot 88, and any change ball 56 disposed in the driver chamber 40 has been driven into its retainer cavity 58, the spring force of the memory block springs 92 biases the memory block 90 back toward the retainer cavities 58 as shown in
With the change tool 64 removed, the plug 16 is rotated in the housing 12 back one-quarter turn counter-clockwise to the original position. As seen in
The illustrated embodiment uses a single unitary memory bar 90 that covers and uncovers all of the retainer cavities. Alternatively, a separate memory bar can be provided for each retainer cavity, or for a plurality of retainer cavities.
The housing 12 and the plug 16 of the lock 10 can each include an indicator mark 114 and 144, respectively, to be used in conjunction with the change tool 64 in reprogramming the lock 10.
Referring to
The plug 16 of the embodiment illustrated in
In a first method of making a changeable lock plug, a standard lock plug is provided and machined. This step typically comprises disassembling an existing standard lock, by removing the plug from the lock housing, and removing the hardware, such as springs and pins (the drivers, tumblers and any master shims) from the lock plug, thereby recovering the standard lock plug.
The standard lock plug has as a keyway, an axial centerline and a circumferential surface. The standard lock plug further has a plurality of tumbler chambers 42 extending through the circumferential surface along a first line extending parallel to the axial centerline. Each tumbler chamber extends into the keyway and has a centerline that is spaced apart by a first distance from an adjacent tumbler chamber. Typically adjacent tumbler chambers are separated by the same first distance.
In the next step, the standard lock plug is machined to provide a plurality of retainer cavities 58, into the standard lock plug. The retainer cavities are formed through the circumferential surface along a second line extending parallel to the axial centerline, and hence parallel to the line of the tumbler chambers 42. Each retainer cavity extends partially into the plug body. The second line is positioned whereby the retainer cavities are displaced radially from the first line of tumbler chambers by an arc angle along the circumferential surface. Typically, the arc angle is about 30° to about 160°, more typically about 45° to about 135°, offset from the first line.
In a typical embodiment, the retainer cavities are machined to a depth into the plug body of at least its diameter, more typically at least 105% of its diameter. Typical retainer cavity diameters are from about 0.050 inches (about 1.3 mm) to 0.090 inches (about 2.3 mm), and are typically of a size, or diameter, less than the diameter of the driver and any master shim positioned within the driver chambers of the housing. More typically, the diameter of the retainer cavities are drilled to a diameter of about 95% and less than the size (diameter) of the driver. Typically, the retainer cavities are formed with a standard drilling machine.
In a next step, a slot is cut along the axial direction in the outer surface of the plug along the same line as the second bores. The slot is illustrated as the change slot 88 in the embodiments. The slot is generally formed as a u-shaped or rectangular cross section, penetrating the circumferential surface of the plug and extending radially inward toward the center axis. The slot is typically formed having a depth of approximately the same depth as the retainer cavities, and having a width of about 0.04 inches (1.0 mm) or less, and more typically of about 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) or less. The slot typically extends longitudinally completely from the front face 13 of the plug to the latch end 15 of the plug, passing through the centers of each retainer cavity. The slot can be cut by any well known means, such as a circular saw.
After forming the retainer cavities and the slot, the lock is then reassembled by reinstalling the drivers, tumblers, springs, and change balls in a programmed arrangement. The change ball is typically a spherical change ball, sized to fit within the depth of the retainer cavity, as described herein above.
In a typically method, the plug body is secured, such as by clamps, for rotational movement about its center axis. The plug is first secured in a first position whereby the tumbler chambers register with a reference point. The reference point is registered with a drilling machine. The drilling machine operates a drilling bit that is rotated at a cutting speed, and can move the drilling bit along the axis of the drill bit from a first position outside the plug surface to a second position that penetrates a depth into the plug. The plug is then rotated about its axis to a second position, which is offset radially from the first position by the arc angle. The drilling machine is then operated to drill the retainer cavity to its depth. The drilling machine is also configured for movement along the longitudinal axis of the plug, whereby successive retainer cavities can be drilled along the second line of the plug to form the plurality of retainer cavities. More typically, the drilling machine comprises a plurality of drilling bits that are configured spaced apart, whereby the plurality of retainer cavities can be machined simultaneously.
In a second method of making a changeable lock plug, a base lock plug is provided and machined. The base plug is typically a cylindrical body configured with a keyway. In this method, both the tumbler chambers and the retainer cavities, and the change slot, are machined into the circumferential surface for plug body. The plurality of tumbler chambers are machined, typically by a drilling machine, through the circumferential surface along a first line extending parallel to the axial centerline, wherein each tumbler chamber extends into the keyway. Typically, the tumbler chambers penetrate the plug surface at a position opposite (180°) from the base of the keyway. The plurality of retainer cavities are then machined through the circumferential surface along a second line as described above for the first method.
In a typically method, the base plug body is secured, such as by clamps, for rotational movement about its center axis. The base plug is first secured in a first position whereby a drilling machine registers with a reference point representing the axial centerline of a first retainer cavity. The drilling machine operates a drilling bit that is rotated at a cutting speed, and can move the drilling bit along the axis of the drill bit from a first position outside the plug surface to a second position that penetrates a depth into the plug. The drilling machine is configured for operation to drill the first tumbler chamber through the circumferential surface of the plug and into the keyway. The drilling machine is then moved along the longitudinal axis of the plug to a next position, corresponding to the axial centerline of the second tumbler chamber. The drilling machine is again operated to drill the second tumbler chamber. Successive tumbler chambers can thus be machined. Alternatively, the drilling machine can comprise a plurality of drilling bits that are configured spaced apart, whereby all required retainer cavities can be machined simultaneously along the first line.
The plug is then rotated about its axis to a second position, which is offset radially from the first position by the arc angle. The drilling machine is then operated to drill each retainer cavity to its depth, as described above.
Alternatively, the set of tumbler chambers and retainer cavities can be machined into the base plug by separate drilling machines, sequentially or simultaneously, without requiring rotational movement of the plug body.
A change slot is also formed along the second line, passing through the plurality of retainer cavities. The change slot is typically secured in placed and machined with a rotating saw. The step of forming the change slot can be performed while the plug is in the same position as for the drilling of the retainer cavities.
Referring now to
The radial tumbler 104 can be configured for circumferential movement within the radial slot 102 around the longitudinal axis 54 of the plug 16. The radial tumbler 104 is biased toward the keyway 24 of the plug 16 by a radial tumbler spring 108. As a result, the distal end 106 of the radial tumbler 104 projects into the keyway 24 when no key is present. Thus, not only must the top edge contour 32 of the first key 30 be of correct shape to raise the drivers 20 and tumblers 22 and any change ball 56 to match the shear line 38 of the lock 10, but the longitudinal contour 44 on the first key 30 must be a configuration that allows the first key 30 to confront distal end 106 of the radial tumbler 104 that extends into the keyway 24, and to properly position the radial tumbler 104 to allow the plug 16 to be rotated.
A plurality of radial tumblers 104 can be disposed within a plurality of radial slots 102 in the sidewall of the plug 16. For purposes of illustration, only one radial tumbler 104 will be described. Also alternatively, a secondary radial tumbler or secondary set of radial tumblers (not shown) can be provided on the opposite side of the plug 16, such that the distal ends 106 of the radial tumblers project into each side of the keyway 24.
A radial tumbler spring 108 is positioned in confronting relationship with the radial tumbler 104, between a top edge 110 of the radial tumbler 104 and an upper sidewall 112 of the plug 16. This spring 108 biases the radial tumbler 104 away from the upper sidewall 112 and toward the keyway 24. The distal end 106 of the radial tumblers 104, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, can be beveled such that a key being inserted into the keyway 24 can move past the radial tumblers 104.
The lock 10 of the illustrated embodiment can further include a sidebar 116 disposed in a longitudinal sidebar slot 118 formed in the periphery of the plug 16. Both the sidebar 116 and sidebar slot 118 extend along a line substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 54 of the plug 16. At least one sidebar spring 120 is disposed within the plug 16 and confronts the sidebar 116 in order to bias the sidebar 116 radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis 54 of the plug 16.
The sidebar 116 of the illustrated embodiment extends substantially along the length of the plug 16 and includes a projection 122 on a first side thereof. The projection 122 is adapted to mate with a second groove 122 which is configured in the bore of the housing 12. At least one lug 126 extends radially inwardly from a second side of the sidebar 116, toward the radial tumbler 104. The lug 126, in the illustrated embodiment, is disposed substantially opposite from the projection 122 of the sidebar 116. The sidebar spring 120 biases the sidebar 116 away from the radial tumbler 104, such that the projection 122 of the sidebar 116 is disposed within the second groove 124 when the plug 16 is in an original position as shown in
The radial tumbler 104 further includes a sidebar groove 128, which allows for circumferential movement of the radial tumbler 104 even while the sidebar 116 is held in position with projection 122 in the second groove 124. The sidebar groove 128 in the radial tumbler 104 is only of a radial depth sufficient to house the length of the sidebar 116 when the projection 122 is disposed in the second groove 124. The radial tumbler 104 further includes a sidebar notch 130 that extends from the sidebar groove 128 in a direction orthogonal to and substantially toward the longitudinal axis 54 of the plug 16.
With no key or an inoperative key inserted in the keyway 24, the radial tumbler 104 can be disposed within the radial slot 102 such that the sidebar 116 is not aligned radially with the sidebar notch 130. Thus, any attempted rotation of the plug 16 will also be prevented by the location of the projection 122 in the second groove 124 of the housing 12 (see
At the time of insertion of a proper first key 30c and prior to the turning of the plug 16, each of the tumblers 22, drivers 20 and change balls 56 will be lifted by the top edge contour 32 of the first key 30c such that the junction between any two of the drivers 20, tumblers 22, and change balls 56 proximate to the shear line 38 is flush with shear line 38. Also, to enable rotation of the plug 16, the first key 30c must have a longitudinal contour 44 that matches the pattern of the keyway 24 formed by the distal end 106 of the radial tumbler 104. An operable first key 30c can operate the lock 10 having a radial tumbler on one side of the plug 16, or a lock 10 with matched radial tumblers 104 disposed on each side of the plug 16. However, hereinafter, only one radial tumbler 104 on one side of the plug 16 will be discussed in order to illustrate the principles of the present invention.
As the proper first key 30c is inserted, the radial tumbler 104 will move circumferentially such that the lug 126 of the sidebar 116 is positioned in radial alignment with a sidebar notch 130 disposed in the first radial tumbler 104. The sidebar lug 126 then has suitable space for movement radially (inwardly) toward the radial tumbler 104 and into the sidebar notch 130 upon turning of the first key 30c. When the first key 30c is turned, the sidebar projection 122 cams out of the second groove 124, causing the sidebar 116 to move radially inward to a position wherein the lug 126 of the sidebar 116 is accommodated by the sidebar notch 130 in the first radial tumbler 104.
With a proper first key 30c inserted in the lock 10 and the above-described disposition of the drivers 20 and tumblers 22, the plug 16 can be rotated to disengage the latch member (not shown) from the doorjamb slot or other recess so that the door or other member can be opened. If the top edge contour 32 of a key is inappropriate for operating the lock 10, a portion of one or more of the drivers 20 will project into a tumbler chamber 42 of the pin chambers 18, and/or a portion of one or more of the tumblers 22 will project into a driver chamber 40, to fix the plug 16 at the locking orientation so that the door or other member in which the lock 10 is installed cannot be opened. Additionally, a change ball 56 or master shim 60 could span the shear line 38, thus blocking rotation of the plug 16. Additionally, a key, even a key with a proper top edge contour 32, will be unable to operate the lock 10 if the key does not have a pre-selected design of the longitudinal contour 44 running along its length to match the contour of the keyway 24 provided by the distal ends 106 of the radial tumbler 104 projecting into the keyway 24. Such a proper longitudinal contour 44 establishes the proper alignment of sidebar lug 126 with sidebar notch 130.
With reference to
To reprogram the lock 10, the first key 30c, which is the proper key to originally operate the lock 10, is inserted into the keyway 24 (see
Referring again to the sequence of Figures in to
Referring now to
The plug 16 has a plurality of rows of tumbler chambers 42a and 42b, each configured to align with a corresponding row of the drive chambers 40a and 40b when the lock is in its neutral or first rotated position shown in
Each of the pin chambers 18 is adapted to receive at least a driver 20, a tumbler 22, optional, though preferably, a change ball 56, and optionally, though preferably, a master shim 60.
The lock of the illustrated embodiment operates as desirable scribed hereinbefore for the first and second embodiments of the invention having a single row of pin chambers, with the added requirement that operation of the illustrated lock requires both sets of change members to move between the respective pin chambers, 18a and 18b, and retainer cavities, 58a and 58b.
The provision of a second row of pin chambers, which increases the number of stacks of drivers 20, tumblers 22, and change balls 56, increases the number of lock change combinations, thereby increasing the security and utility provided by the lock 10c. Although the illustrated embodiment depicts two rows 146, 148 of a pin chamber 18 that contain driver/tumbler stacks, an additional row or more of such pin chambers 18 can be included in the lock 10 of the present invention.
Also, the embodiment of the lock 10 illustrated in
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention depicted in
The embodiments of a changeable lock assembly can be used in a variety of locking devices. These locking devices include both commercial and residential locks, and include by example, knob locks, deadbolt locks, and padlocks. The operation of a typical knob lock includes the use of the operable key both to unlock and lock the door knob by turning a latch that is secured to the latch end 15 of the plug. The latch typically unlocks the door knob, which can then turn or rotate by hand, and thereby operate an elongated bolt that engages and disengages the jamb of the door or other object that is being locked. The operation of a typical dead-bolt lock includes the use of the operable key to unlock and rotate a latch that drives an elongated bolt to engage and disengage the jamb of the door or other object that is being locked. These locks are well-known to one skilled in the art.
The operation of a typical padlock includes the use of the operable key to unlock aJ-shaped shackle. In a typical padlock configured in a locked position, a bolt within the lock body (or a pair of bolts) is biased into a position within a groove in each leg of the shackle, to positively restrain the shackle from withdrawing from the body. The design and operation of a typical padlock is described in U.S Pat. No. 3,710,603 (Miller) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,776,187 (Evans et al), both incorporated herein by reference. The padlock is typically configured whereby the rotation of the key with the plug causes the bolt(s) to be displaced from the grooves, thereby allowing the shackle to withdraw from the body. A typical, conventional padlock is configured whereby the inserted key will only rotate in one direction to unlock the shackle, and is typically provided with a spring or other means for biasing the bolt, as well as the plug and the key, back toward its initial or “key-insertion” position.
The padlock of the present invention comprises a changeable lock assembly configured to rotate in both the first direction (generally clockwise, facing the keyway) and the second direction.
When the key is operated in the lock, the clockwise rotation of the key in the plug turns the plug and forces the stop pin 220 against the forward face 222 of the latch 216, which drives the latch to rotate in the clockwise direction, (counter-clockwise when viewed from the rear of the plug, as shown in
The latch 216 of a typical padlock is configured to prevent its rotation in the counterclockwise direction. When the key rotates the plug counterclockwise to the second rotating or programming position, clockwise when viewed from the rear of the plug, as shown in
Optionally, the rotation of the plug in the second direction can also unlock the padlock, although the process of unlocking the padlock can make the reprogramming of the changeable lock assembly more complicated.
In the padlock of the present invention, the plug can be placed into its second rotated position shown in
While the invention has been disclosed by reference to the details of preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the disclosure is intended in an illustrative rather than in a limiting sense, as it is contemplated that modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/469,025, filed May 8, 2003 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/481,298, filed Aug. 27, 2003.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1218065 | Diesel | Mar 1917 | A |
| 1650568 | Hurd | Nov 1927 | A |
| 1967042 | Schachinger | Jul 1934 | A |
| 2023847 | Liss | Dec 1935 | A |
| 2113007 | Swanson | Apr 1938 | A |
| 2202329 | Braune | May 1940 | A |
| 2294495 | Woodruff | Sep 1942 | A |
| 2427837 | Connell | Sep 1947 | A |
| 2596720 | Pastor et al. | May 1952 | A |
| 2629249 | Mendelsohn | Feb 1953 | A |
| 2687640 | Mir et al. | Aug 1954 | A |
| 2818723 | Levin | Jan 1958 | A |
| 3070987 | Baker et al. | Jan 1963 | A |
| 3183692 | Check | May 1965 | A |
| 3234768 | Russell et al. | Feb 1966 | A |
| 3257831 | Schlage | Jun 1966 | A |
| 3260080 | Wellekens | Jul 1966 | A |
| 3286494 | Sussina | Nov 1966 | A |
| 3395558 | Russell et al. | Aug 1968 | A |
| 3425248 | Duval | Feb 1969 | A |
| 3431757 | Hori | Mar 1969 | A |
| 3492843 | Schieber et al. | Feb 1970 | A |
| 3512382 | Check et al. | May 1970 | A |
| 3516271 | Nelson et al. | Jun 1970 | A |
| 3589153 | Hill | Jun 1971 | A |
| 3599456 | Bessim | Aug 1971 | A |
| 3605462 | Hermann | Sep 1971 | A |
| 3667262 | Hill | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3710603 | Miller | Jan 1973 | A |
| 3774424 | Ehrat | Nov 1973 | A |
| 3910083 | Burlingame | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3967481 | Schlage | Jul 1976 | A |
| 4030325 | Ehrat | Jun 1977 | A |
| 4068508 | Genakis | Jan 1978 | A |
| 4116026 | Flint | Sep 1978 | A |
| 4142391 | Paig | Mar 1979 | A |
| 4151731 | Tucker | May 1979 | A |
| RE30198 | Oliver et al. | Jan 1980 | E |
| 4231242 | Hill et al. | Nov 1980 | A |
| 4233828 | Dauenbaugh | Nov 1980 | A |
| 4282731 | Taksony | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4376382 | Raymond et al. | Mar 1983 | A |
| 4403486 | Miyake | Sep 1983 | A |
| 4412437 | Smith | Nov 1983 | A |
| 4429555 | Slasbury | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4440009 | Smith | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4631941 | Sjunnesson | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4638651 | Surko, Jr. | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4655063 | Foshee et al. | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4712401 | Monohan | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4712402 | Monahan | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4732023 | Shen | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4741188 | Smith | May 1988 | A |
| 4747281 | Monohan | May 1988 | A |
| 4776187 | Evans et al. | Oct 1988 | A |
| 4836002 | Monohan | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4942749 | Rabinow | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4966021 | Boag | Oct 1990 | A |
| 5000019 | Foster | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5088306 | Field | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5138856 | Chun | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5168734 | Duval et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5177466 | Lai | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5343724 | Sornes | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5450662 | Watts | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5502991 | Sornes | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5615566 | Brandt | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5682779 | Dolev | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5718136 | Aldieri et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5752400 | Kim | May 1998 | A |
| 5799519 | Hsiao | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5819569 | Herdman | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5839307 | Field et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5894750 | Liaw | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5921121 | Tang | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5921122 | Lin | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5964111 | Lambert | Oct 1999 | A |
| D422882 | Andrews | Apr 2000 | S |
| 6076386 | Etchells et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6079240 | Shvarts | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6301942 | Shvarts | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6425274 | Laitala et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6532782 | Chiu | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6604393 | Larsen et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6722171 | Ruan | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6860131 | Armstrong et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6935146 | Lin | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 20010047672 | Fuller | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020104346 | Field et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20030041630 | Laitala et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030159483 | Kondratuk et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030217576 | Koluch | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20040060333 | Armstrong et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20060010945 | Herdman | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060021406 | Herdman | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 695186 | Sep 1964 | CA |
| 2517-689 | Nov 1975 | DE |
| 2646-739 | Apr 1978 | DE |
| 0918124 | May 1999 | EP |
| 2005-002641 | Jan 2005 | JP |
| 2005-076286 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040221630 A1 | Nov 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60481298 | Aug 2003 | US | |
| 60469025 | May 2003 | US |
