RAPID SCREENING METHOD OF PROCESSING RAW RICE FOR RICE PRODUCTS

Information

  • Patent Application
  • 20190041374
  • Publication Number
    20190041374
  • Date Filed
    August 02, 2018
    5 years ago
  • Date Published
    February 07, 2019
    5 years ago
Abstract
A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products is disclosed. The invention establishes a membership function between the raw materials and the processing suitability of raw materials by adopting theories in fuzzy mathematics. In combination with the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weight of each evaluation index, the invention then establishes a two-level evaluation model for evaluating the quality of the rice products to improve the scientificity and accuracy of rice products' quality evaluation. On the basis of the above, a mathematical model between the characteristics of raw materials and the comprehensive evaluation values of the quality of rice products is constructed through regression analyses, which can quantitatively calculate the suitability of different varieties of raw materials in the processing of rice products and can provide support for reasonable use of the raw materials.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Chinese Patent Application No. CN201710654708.2, filed Aug. 3, 2017. The entire content of this application is hereby incorporated by reference herein.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and particularly, to a rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products.


DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Rice products, mainly made by rice and brown rice materials, primarily include rice noodles, glue puddings, rice dumplings, rice cakes, instant rice, rice puffed foods, glutinous fermented foods, and their derived products (such as fructose syrup, resistant starch, monosodium glutamate etc.). Suitable variety of rice materials is fundamental to producing high quality rice products. China has plenty variety of rice, tens of thousands of rice varieties as resources; significant differences in rice quality exist among different rice varieties, and the quality of rice products are closely related to their compositions and physicochemical characteristics. The processing requirements of raw materials to produce different rice products are different. How to rapidly select suitable raw materials from thousands of rice varieties for producing rice products is a problem needed to be solved immediately in the rice product processing industry.


The current methods of evaluating the suitability of raw materials for rice products are generally based on the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, regression analysis, etc., to establish a correlation between the physicochemical indexes of rice and the organoleptic quality of rice products, and then classify the raw materials by cluster analysis. The characteristics of each variety of raw materials in results of the cluster analysis further lead to evaluation criteria for processing suitability of rice. There are some deficiencies in current evaluation methods. First, there are too many physicochemical indexes of raw materials, among them there are certain correlations. The key indexes in these physicochemical ones of rice to affect the quality of rice products stay unclear. Second, the evaluation system of rice products was not well established. The quality of rice products is mainly determined by the total scores of sensory evaluations. Third, the current methods can only judge the suitability of raw materials for processing a certain type of rice products.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a universal strategy for rapidly screening out raw materials for processing rice products, aiming at more accurately and rapidly screening raw materials for processing rice products.


A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products comprises following steps: (1) collecting representative raw materials samples; (2) measuring physicochemical indexes of different varieties of raw materials; (3) producing rice products with different varieties of raw materials; (4) according to characteristics of each type of rice products, establishing an index set of multi-level assessment of the quality of rice products, obtaining weights of different indexes by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP); (5) determining a membership of each evaluating index, constructing a fuzzy evaluation matrix; (6) obtaining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation values by conducting fuzzy matrix composite operations; (7) obtaining a mathematical model between the comprehensive evaluation values of rice products and the characteristics of raw materials by conducting regression analyses; (8) predicting processing suitability of different varieties of raw materials to produce rice products by adopting the mathematical model in the step (7).


Preferably, in the step (2), measure the physicochemical indexes of different varieties of raw materials, including: {circle around (1)} moisture, contents of protein and amylose of raw materials measured by a grain near infrared analyzer; {circle around (2)} taste values of raw materials measured by a taste meter; {circle around (3)} gelatinization parameters, including gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, disintegration value, minimum viscosity, retrogradation value, final viscosity, and so forth, of raw materials through gelatinization tests after grinding and sifting.


Preferably, the step (4), according to the characteristics of each type of rice products, comprises: {circle around (1)} establishing an index set of multi-level assessment of the quality of rice products, including the rice products including rice noodles, instant rice, glue puddings, and rice sponge cakes; {circle around (2)} classifying the indexes for evaluating rice products quality into multi-level evaluation indexes; {circle around (3)} dividing first-level evaluation indexes into organoleptic quality index U1, texture index U2, and other physicochemical index U3; {circle around (4)} obtaining second-level assessment indexes Uij below the first-level evaluation indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the rice noodles, the second-level evaluation indexes of the organoleptic quality index, including luster U11, aroma U12, morphology U13, and mouthfeel U14, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13, U14}; the second-level evaluation indexes of the texture index, including elasticity U21, viscidity U22, hardness U23, and chewiness U24, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24}; the second-level evaluation indexes of the other physicochemical indexes, including pulping value U31, broken rate U32, namely, U3={U31, U32}; {circle around (5)} obtaining the second-level evaluation indexes Uij under the first-level evaluation indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the instant rice; the second-level evaluation indexes of the organoleptic quality index, including luster before reconstitution U11, morphology before reconstitution U12, appearance U13, mouthfeel U14, and aroma U15 after reconstitution, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13, U14, U15}; the second-level evaluation indexes of the texture index, including hardness U21, adhesiveness U22, elasticity U23, chewiness U24, and cohesiveness U25, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24, U25}; {circle around (6)} obtaining the second-level evaluation indexes Uij under the first-level evaluation indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the glue puddings; the second-level evaluation indexes of the organoleptic quality index, including appearance U11, mouthfeel U12, and soup cloudiness U13, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13}; the second-level evaluation indexes of the texture index, including hardness U21, elasticity U22, adhesiveness U23, resilience U24, and chewiness U25, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24, U25};


the second-level assessment indexes of the other physicochemical indexes, including frozen cracking rate U31, dehydration rate U32, soup lucidity rate U33, namely, U3={U31, U32, U33}; {circle around (7)} obtaining the second-level assessment indexes Uij under the first-level assessment indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the rice sponge cakes; the second-level assessment indexes of the organoleptic quality index, including morphology U11, luster U12, and aroma U13, taste U14, and mouthfeel U15, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13, U14, U15}; the second-level assessment indexes of the texture index, including hardness U21, elasticity U22 adhesiveness U23, resilience U24, and chewiness U25, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24, U25}; the second-level assessment indexes of the other physicochemical indexes, including specific volume U31, titration acidity U32, namely, U3={U31, U32}.


Preferably, in the step (4), obtaining weights of different evaluation indexes by conducting analytical hierarchy process (AHP), including:


according to experts' scoring results, obtaining judgment matrixes of the second-level evaluation index and the first-level evaluation index, normalizing the judgment matrixes, calculating second-weight of the second-level evaluation indexes wij and first-weight of the first evaluation indexes wi, obtaining weight sets w1={w11, w12, w13, . . . , w1j}, w2−{w21, w22, w23, . . . , w2j}, w3={w31, w32, w33, . . . , w3j}, w={w1, w2, w3, . . . , wi}.


Preferably, in the step (5), determining memberships of each evaluation index, establishing fuzzy evaluation matrixes, including: {circle around (1)} dividing the evaluation indexes in the step (4) further into ascending quantitative evaluation indexes, appropriate interval quantitative indexes, and descending quantitative indexes; {circle around (2)} calculating memberships of each second-level indexes; wherein for the ascending quantitative indexes, the general membership function for the corresponding level is:






r
=

{



0




x
ij



min


(

x
ij

)










x
ij

-

min


(

x
ij

)





max


(

x
ij

)


-

min


(

x
ij

)








min


(

x
ij

)


<

x
ij

<

max


(

x
ij

)







1




x
ij



max


(

x
ij

)











for the descending quantitative index, the general membership function for the corresponding level is:






r
=

{



1




x
ij



min


(

x
ij

)










max


(

x
ij

)


-

x
ij




max


(

x
ij

)


-

min


(

x
ij

)








min


(

x
ij

)


<

x
ij

<

max


(

x
ij

)







0




x
ij



max


(

x
ij

)











for the appropriate interval quantitative index, the general membership function for the corresponding level is:






r
=

{



1




s
1



x
ij



s
2









x
ij

-

min


(

x
ij

)





s
1

-

min


(

x
ij

)








min


(

x
ij

)


<

x
ij

<

s
1









max


(

x
ij

)


-

x
ij




max


(

x
ij

)


-

s
2







s
2

<

x
ij

<

max


(

x
ij

)







0





x
ij

>

max


(

x
ij

)



,


x
ij

<

min


(

x
ij

)



,









wherein xij represents the measurements of the second-level indexes, min(xij) and max(xij) represent the minimum and maximum values, respectively, and s1 and s2 represent the lower limit of the best value and the upper limit of the best value, respectively; {circle around (3)} establishing a single factor fuzzy matrix R:






R
=


{

r
ij

}

=

[




r
11




r
12







r

1

m







r
21




r
22







r

2

m





















r

i





1





r

i





2








r
im




]






Preferably, in the step (6), obtaining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value by conducting fuzzy matrix composite operation, including a multiplication of the single factor fuzzy matrix and weights of indexes determined in the step (4).






Y
=


w

R

=


[




w
1




w
2




w
3




]



[




r
11




r
12







r

1

m







r
21




r
22







r

2

m





















r

i





1





r

i





2








r
im




]







wherein ∘ represents operations, different fuzzy operators are adopted according to the situations and operation results.


Preferably, in the step (6), using operator M(⋅, ⊕) in all calculations of the fuzzy matrix composite operations (⋅ and ⊕ represent algebraic product and sum of the fuzzy set, respectively).


Preferably, in the step (7), obtaining the mathematical model Y=A·xibi between the comprehensive evaluation values of the rice products such as rice noodles, glue puddings, instant rice, and rice sponge cakes and the characteristics of raw materials, wherein Y represents comprehensive values of the rice products, A is type-related coefficient of the rice products, xi represents the physicochemical indexes of raw materials, such as moisture, amylose, gelatinization temperature, and taste value; bi represents exponents, i=1, 2, 3 . . . .


Preferably, in the step (8), predicting the processing suitability of raw materials by using the mathematical model in the step (7), including: measuring the physicochemical indexes of raw materials, including using the grain near infrared analyzer to measure contents of moisture, protein and amylose of raw materials; obtaining the taste values with the taste meter; obtaining the gelatinization parameters, such as gelatinization temperatures, peak viscosity, disintegration values, minimum adhesiveness, retrogradation values, and final adhesiveness; substituting the aforesaid physicochemical indexes of raw materials into the mathematical model Y=A·xibi as defined in step (7), obtaining the comprehensive evaluation values of corresponding rice products quality, and evaluating the processing suitability of raw materials.


The invention establishes a membership function between the raw materials and the processing suitability of raw materials for processing rice products by adopting theories in fuzzy mathematics. In combination with the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weight of each evaluation index, the invention then establishes a two-level evaluation model for evaluating the quality of the rice products to improve the scientificity and accuracy of rice products' quality evaluation. On the basis of the above, a mathematical model between the characteristics of raw materials and the comprehensive evaluation values of the quality of rice products is constructed through regression analyses, which can quantitatively calculate the suitability of different varieties of raw materials in the processing of rice products and can provide support for reasonable use of the raw materials.







DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.


Embodiment 1

A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products, particularly including the following steps:


S1: To collect representative raw materials samples, relevant sample information is shown in Table 1.









TABLE 1







Serial Number and name of Rice Varieties








No.
Sample Name











01
00884


02
8414 Nuo


03
K You 6


04
Q Nuo 2


05
R4132 Nuo


06
T You 100


07
T You 1128


08
T You 115


09
T You 207


10
T You 272


11
T You 597


12
Y Liangyou 1


13
Y Liangyou 7


14
Baofeng 2


15
Bo II You15


16
Boyou Shuangqing


17
Changguidao


18
Changnuo 468


19
Chengnuo 88


20
Enuo 9


21
Fujing 2103


22
Ganxin 203


23
Guichao


24
Guiyou 2


25
Hongnuo 19


26
Jijing 94


27
Jinongda 45


28
Jinyou 163


29
Jinyou 967


30
Jinyou 978


31
Jindao 8


32
Jingxian 89


33
Liangyou 6326


34
Liaoxing 1


35
Maoyou 601


36
Meichi 8


37
Mengliangyou 838


38
Qianyou107


39
Qianyou 568


40
Qiuguang


41
Rongyou 7


42
Rongyou 9


43
Shenyou 9723


44
Shenyou 9734


45
Shenxian 6


46
Shugeng


47
Tianfengyou 316


48
Tianyou 103


49
Tianyou 122


50
Tianyou 998


51
Wanjinyou 122


52
Weiyou 277


53
Weiyou 46


54
Weiyou 644


55
Weiyou 647


56
Weiyouwan 3


57
Wufengyou 998


58
Wufengyou T025


59
Wuyou 308


60
Xianhe Dali


61
Xianong 2


62
Xiangnuo


63
Xiangzaoxian 06


64
Xiangzaoxian 24


65
Xiangzaoxian 32


66
Xiangzaoxian 42


67
Xiangzaoxian 45


68
Xindai


69
Xinnian 3


70
Yangdao 6


71
You 1686


72
Youyou 128


73
Yueyou 72


74
Yunhui 290


75
Zhanyou 2009


76
Zhanyou 226


77
Zhanyou 809


78
Changbai 9 Fushun


79
Changbai 9 Jilin


80
Zhefu 802


81
Zhennuo


82
Zhennuo 4130


83
Zhong 9 You 838


84
Zhongjiazao 32


85
Zhongyou 106


86
Zhongyou 9918


87
Zhuliangyou 176


88
Zhuliangyou 819









S2: To measure the physicochemical indexes of different rice varieties; to measure the content of moisture, protein and amylose of raw rice with a grain near-infrared analyzer; to measure the taste value with a taste meter; to measure the gelatinization properties and obtain parameters of gelatinization properties such as gelatinization temperature (GTP), peak viscosity (PV), disintegration value (DV), minimum viscosity (MV), retrogradation value (RGV), and final viscosity (FV), as shown in Table 2.









TABLE 2







Statistics of the physicochemical characteristics


of 88 Rice Varieties












Physicochemical Indexes
AV
SD
Max
Min
Range















Moisture/%
12.00
1.66
16.00
8.20
7.80


Amylose/%
17.64
6.07
27.00
0.60
26.40


Protein/%
9.43
1.58
13.90
5.68
8.22


Taste Value
50.50
9.47
81.00
38.00
43.00


PV/(Pa · s)
2.65
1.02
4.65
0.12
4.53


MV/(Pa · s)
1.51
0.68
3.29
0.05
3.24


AV/(Pa · s)
1.15
0.50
2.53
0.05
2.48


FV/(Pa · s)
2.74
1.10
6.37
0.06
6.31


RGB/(Pa · s)
0.49
0.37
2.39
0.02
2.37


Peak Time/min
5.72
0.55
6.47
3.13
3.34


GTP/° C.
77.81
5.64
88.60
64.45
24.15





AV = average


SD = standard deviation






S3: To produce dehydrated instant rice by using different varieties of raw materials, to measure the texture parameters and the scores of organoleptic quality of the dehydrated instant rice. A basic statistical result of the quality of instant rice is shown in Table 3.









TABLE 3







The Statistics of Dehydrated Instant Rice


Produced from Different Rice Variety













Mean
SD
Max
Min
Range
















Hardness
3156.32
102.82
5151.30
1499.90
3651.40


Adhesiveness
4.63
0.67
22.10
17.13
39.23


Elasticity
2.78
0.36
12.72
2.95
15.67


Chewiness
2618.36
123.81
5989.70
1080.90
4908.80


Colloidity
2403.24
89.57
4200.60
1094.60
3106.00


Cohesiveness
0.75
0.01
0.98
0.55
0.43


Resilience
1.27
0.02
1.52
0.30
1.22


Luster
3.87
0.11
4.80
1.00
3.80


Morphology
5.94
0.24
9.00
1.00
8.00


Appearance
3.63
0.10
4.80
1.00
3.80


Mouthfeel
6.89
0.19
9.00
0.00
9.00


Aroma
3.44
0.08
4.30
2.00
2.30









S4: To establish an index set of multi-level assessment, according to the product features of dehydrated instant rice is shown in Table 4.









TABLE 4







Comprehensive Quality Evaluation Index


System of the Dehydrated Instant Rice










Overall


Weight of


Evaluation

Specific Evaluation
Evaluation Factor


Objective
Sub-object (Ui)
Index (Uij)
(w)













Comprehensive
Organoleptic
Luster before
0.0659


Quality of
Quality (Ui)
reconstitution (U11)


Dehydrated

Morphology before
0.0529


Instant Rice

reconstitution (U12)


(Y)

Appearance after
0.0823




reconstitution (U13)




Appearance after
0.4155




reconstitution (U14)




Aroma after
0.1965




reconstitution (U15)



Texture (U2)
Hardness (U21)
0.0333




Adhesiveness (U22)
0.0150




Elasticity (U23)
0.0506




Chewiness (U24)
0.0746




Cohesiveness (U25)
0.0134









To determine the weight (w) of each index (Uij) by conducting the analysis hierarchy process, detailed steps are included as follows:


First, according to the experts' scoring results, obtain judgment matrixes of the first-level evaluation index and the second-level evaluation index, pairly compare the indexes in the same-level, make a relative significance judgment, conducting 1-9 scale method (Table 5), an estimated value of the relative significance of the ith index to the jth index is referred to as aij, and establish a judgment matrix A with n indexes.






A
=


{


(

a
ij

)


n
×
n


}

=

[




a
11




a
12







a

1

n







a
21




r
22







a

2

n





















a

n





1





a

n





2








a
nn




]













TABLE 5







1~9 Scales Method









No.
Assignment
Hierarchy of Importance





1
1
It means i and j are equally important.


2
3
It means i is a little more important than j.


3
5
It means i is obviously more important than j.


4
7
It means i is strongly more important than j.


5
9
It means i is extremely more important than j.


6
2, 4, 6, 8
It means a medium among the 1~9 scales.


7
reciprocal
If the relative importance ratio between xi and xj




is aij, then the relative importance ratio between




xj and xi is aji = 1/aij.









Second, normalize the judgment matrix, calculate the weight w of each evaluation index uij, and calculate the maximum characteristic root and the corresponding eigenvector of the judgment matrix.


Third, conduct consistency test of the judgment matrix. If the matrix passes the test, the eigenvector is the weight vector of indexes. If not, a new judgment matrix should be re-established. The weights of quality evaluation indexes for dehydrated instant rice are shown in Table 3.


S5: To determine the membership of evaluation indexes, establish fuzzy evaluation matrixes:


First, divide the evaluation indexes in the Table 3 into ascending quantitative evaluation indexes, appropriate interval quantitative indexes, and descending quantitative indexes, wherein luster, morphology, appearance before reconstitution, appearance, mouthfeel, and aroma after reconstitution, and texture characteristics, namely cohesiveness, chewiness, elasticity are all ascending quantitative evaluation indexes. Meanwhile, adhesiveness and hardness are descending quantitative indexes.


Second, calculate the membership of each second-level evaluation indexes, wherein for the ascending quantitative index, the general membership function for the corresponding level is:






r
=

{



0




x
ij



min


(

x
ij

)










x
ij

-

min


(

x
ij

)





max


(

x
ij

)


-

min


(

x
ij

)








min


(

x
ij

)


<

x
ij

<

max


(

x
ij

)







1




x
ij



max


(

x
ij

)











For the descending quantitative index, the general membership function is:






r
=

{



1




x
ij



min


(

x
ij

)










max


(

x
ij

)


-

x
ij




max


(

x
ij

)


-

min


(

x
ij

)








min


(

x
ij

)


<

x
ij

<

max


(

x
ij

)







0




x
ij



max


(

x
ij

)











Based on the above, establish a single factor fuzzy matrix R:






R
=


{

r
ij

}

=

[




r
11




r
12







r

1

m







r
21




r
22







r

2

m





















r

i





1





r

i





2








r
im




]






S6: To conduct fuzzy matrix composite operations by using the operator M(⋅, ⊕), obtain a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value.






Y
=



w


(

·

,



)



R

=


[




w
1




w
2




w
3




]




(

·

,



)



[




r
11




r
12







r

1

m







r
21




r
22







r

2

m





















r

i





1





r

i





2








r
im




]








The comprehensive evaluation values of eighty-eight samples of raw materials are shown in Table 6.


S7: The mathematical model between the comprehensive evaluation value of instant rice and the properties of raw material is obtained by applying stepwise regression analysis, namely:






Y=0.635×10−5·x10.365·x20.207=x30.334·x40.952·x51.225  (Eq. 1)


wherein, x1 represents the moisture; x2 represents the content of amylose; x3 represents the content of protein; x4 represents the taste value; x5 represents the gelatinization temperature.









TABLE 6







Comprehensive Evaluation Values (CE Value) of Different


Rice Variety for Producing Dehydrated Instant Rice









No
Sample Name
CE Value (Y)












01
00884
0.581


02
8414 Nuo
0.322


03
K You 6
0.758


04
Q Nuo 2
0.300


05
R4132 Nuo
0.236


06
T You 100
0.626


07
T You 1128
0.723


08
T You 115
0.659


09
T You 207
0.581


10
T You 272
0.728


11
T You 597
0.678


12
Y Liangyou 1
0.670


13
Y Liangyou 7
0.656


14
Baofeng 2
0.744


15
Bo II You15
0.869


16
Boyou Shuangqing
0.831


17
Changguidao
0.790


18
Changnuo 468
0.298


19
Chengnuo 88
0.257


20
Enuo 9
0.256


21
Fujing 2103
0.734


22
Ganxin 203
0.438


23
Guichao
0.725


24
Guiyou 2
0.577


25
Hongnuo 19
0.264


26
Jijing 94
0.769


27
Jinongda 45
0.766


28
Jinyou 163
0.751


29
Jinyou 967
0.582


30
Jinyou 978
0.536


31
Jindao 8
0.753


32
Jingxian 89
0.722


33
Liangyou 6326
0.659


34
Liaoxing 1
0.748


35
Maoyou 601
0.601


36
Meichi 8
0.573


37
Mengliangyou 838
0.552


38
Qianyou107
0.515


39
Qianyou 568
0.602


40
Qiuguang
0.740


41
Rongyou 7
0.318


42
Rongyou 9
0.665


43
Shenyou 9723
0.680


44
Shenyou 9734
0.549


45
Shenxian 6
0.750


46
Shugeng
0.775


47
Tianfengyou 316
0.551


48
Tianyou 103
0.561


49
Tianyou 122
0.506


50
Tianyou 998
0.600


51
Wanjinyou 122
0.664


52
Weiyou 277
0.613


53
Weiyou 46
0.649


54
Weiyou 644
0.623


55
Weiyou 647
0.553


56
Weiyouwan 3
0.637


57
Wufengyou 998
0.571


58
Wufengyou T025
0.654


59
Wuyou 308
0.615


60
Xianhe Dali
0.732


61
Xianong 2
0.770


62
Xiangnuo
0.266


63
Xiangzaoxian 06
0.342


64
Xiangzaoxian 24
0.534


65
Xiangzaoxian 32
0.453


66
Xiangzaoxian 42
0.534


67
Xiangzaoxian 45
0.433


68
Xindai
0.733


69
Xinnian 3
0.441


70
Yangdao 6
0.749


71
You 1686
0.511


72
Youyou 128
0.742


73
Yueyou 72
0.710


74
Yunhui 290
0.750


75
Zhanyou 2009
0.741


76
Zhanyou 226
0.865


77
Zhanyou 809
0.800


78
Changbai 9
0.746


79
Changbai 9
0.771


80
Zhefu 802
0.414


81
Zhennuo
0.253


82
Zhennuo 4130
0.265


83
Zhong 9 You 838
0.296


84
Zhongjiazao 32
0.363


85
Zhongyou 106
0.614


86
Zhongyou 9918
0.803


87
Zhuliangyou 176
0.489


88
Zhuliangyou 819
0.374









Embodiment 2

The comprehensive evaluation values of the fresh wet rice noodles, rice sponge cakes and glue puddings produced by eighty-eight different rice samples are obtained through the same procedure as stated in the Embodiment 1, the statistics are shown in Table 7.









TABLE 7







Statistics of the Comprehensive Evaluation Values (CEV) of Different


Rice Varieties for Producing Different Rice Products













Mean
SD
Max
Min
Range
















CEV of Fresh Wet Rice Noodle
0.596
0.175
0.863
0.204
0.659


CEV of Rice Sponge Cake
0.601
0.188
0.853
0.143
0.710


CEV of Glue Pudding
0.513
0.191
0.897
0.125
0.772









The mathematical models between the comprehensive evaluation values of fresh wet rice noodles, rice sponge cakes, as well as glue puddings, and the characteristics of raw materials are obtained by conducting stepwise regression analysis.


Fresh Wet Rice Noodle:






Y=2.80×10−4·x10.322·x21.571  (Eq. 2)


wherein, x1 represents the content of amylose, and x2 represents the gelatinization temperature.


Rice Sponge Cakes:






Y=1.06×10−4·x10.372·x2−0.365·x31.833  (Eq. 3)


wherein, x1 represents the content of amylose; x2 represents the peak time; x3 represents the gelatinization temperature.


Glue Puddings:






Y=329.55·x10.842·x2−0.158·x3−1.885  (Eq. 4)


wherein, x1 represents the moisture; x2 represents the content of amylose; x3 represents the gelatinization temperature.


The verification of the mathematical model between the comprehensive evaluation values of rice products and the characteristics of raw materials includes:


S1: Measure the physicochemical indexes of fifteen types of raw rice materials; measure the moisture, and the content of protein and amylose with a grain near-infrared analyzer; measure the taste value with a taste meter; measure the gelatinization properties and obtain parameters of gelatinization properties such as gelatinization temperature (GTP), peak viscosity (PV), disintegration value (DV), minimum viscosity (MV), retrogradation (RG), and final viscosity (FV), as shown in the Table 8.









TABLE 8







Physicochemical Indexes of Fifteen Types of Raw Rice Materials















PV
MV
AV
FV
RG
PT
GTP














No.
M
A
P
TV
(Pa · s)
(min)






















1
13.20
16.54
10.10
47.00
3.70
1.95
1.74
3.38
0.32
5.80
80.70


1
12.20
17.32
10.20
46.00
3.50
1.85
1.65
1.98
0.33
5.95
80.60


2
11.40
20.80
9.20
42.00
3.48
2.23
1.25
1.99
0.74
5.98
80.20


3
12.40
17.80
9.90
52.00
2.78
1.77
1.01
1.83
0.82
6.18
79.78


4
13.10
2.54
8.43
48.00
3.64
1.69
1.95
2.90
0.95
5.56
67.75


5
11.89
1.89
9.01
47.00
3.87
1.72
2.15
2.78
0.63
5.51
67.65


6
13.40
16.20
8.60
68.00
2.75
1.82
0.93
1.96
1.03
6.08
83.60


7
12.23
17.60
6.48
43.00
2.05
0.58
1.47
1.95
0.48
6.17
80.65


8
12.10
23.60
10.40
40.00
2.70
1.97
0.73
1.63
0.90
6.27
82.30


9
13.40
18.70
9.50
69.00
2.69
1.89
0.80
1.79
0.99
6.07
77.55


10
12.20
16.90
10.60
40.00
3.87
1.98
1.89
2.76
0.87
5.37
83.95


11
10.60
21.70
10.90
44.00
2.64
1.73
0.91
1.61
0.70
5.57
80.75


12
12.60
24.20
10.80
36.00
0.44
0.10
0.34
0.53
0.19
5.33
79.40


13
10.67
11.80
10.41
46.00
3.15
1.83
1.33
3.24
1.02
5.89
72.85


14
11.50
1.10
10.23
42.00
4.59
2.49
2.10
3.01
0.91
5.73
66.99


15
11.93
10.40
9.56
47.50
3.65
2.18
1.47
3.16
0.85
5.65
71.40





M = Moisture


A = Amylose


P = Protein


TV = Taste Value


AV = Attenuation Value


PT = Peak Time






S2: Substitute aforementioned physicochemical indexes of raw rice materials into the mathematical models shown as Eq. 1, Eq. 2, Eq. 3 and Eq. 4, respectively, and the estimated comprehensive evaluation values of the corresponding rice products are shown in the Table 9.









TABLE 9







Estimated Comprehensive Evaluation Values of Processed


Rice Products of Fifteen Types of Raw Rice Materials












Instant
Fresh & Wet
Rice Sponge
Glue


No.
Rice
Rice Noodle
Cake
Pudding














01
0.609
0.684
0.617
0.473


1
0.586
0.693
0.621
0.440


2
0.523
0.730
0.657
0.408


3
0.651
0.688
0.607
0.453


4
0.318
0.284
0.225
0.878


5
0.288
0.258
0.201
0.850


6
0.858
0.718
0.644
0.449


7
0.475
0.697
0.617
0.439


8
0.563
0.791
0.711
0.400


9
0.843
0.669
0.590
0.506


10
0.544
0.733
0.690
0.409


11
0.573
0.748
0.694
0.376


12
0.503
0.754
0.712
0.441


13
0.457
0.523
0.447
0.505


14
0.236
0.213
0.159
0.917


15
0.453
0.486
0.417
0.588









S3: Process aforementioned raw rice materials into dehydrated instant rice; measure the texture indexes (hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, chewiness, and cohesiveness) and the organoleptic qualities (luster before reconstitution, appearance, mouthfeel, and aroma after reconstitution) based on the indexes in the quality evaluating system; calculate the membership of different indexes; calculate the measured comprehensive evaluation values based on the membership and weight of each index, as shown in the Table 10.


S4: Process aforementioned raw rice materials into fresh wet rice noodles; measure the texture indexes (elasticity, viscosity, hardness, and chewiness) and organoleptic qualities (luster, aroma, morphology, and mouthfeel) and other physicochemical indexes (pulping value and broken rate) based on the indexes in the quality evaluating system; calculate the membership of each index; calculate the measured comprehensive evaluation values based on the membership and weight of each index, as shown in the Table 10.


S5: Process aforementioned raw rice materials into rice sponge cakes, measure the texture indexes (elasticity, viscosity, hardness, resilience, and chewiness) and organoleptic qualities (morphology, luster, aroma, taste and mouthfeel) and other physicochemical indexes (specific volume and titration acidity) based on the indexes in the quality evaluating system; calculate the membership of different indexes, calculate the measured comprehensive evaluation values based on the membership and weight of each index, as shown in the Table 10.


S6: Process aforementioned raw rice materials into glue pudding; measure the texture indexes (elasticity, viscosity, hardness, resilience, and chewiness) and organoleptic qualities (appearance, taste and turbidity) and other physicochemical indexes (frozen cracking rate, dehydration rate, and soup lucidity) based on the indexes in the quality evaluating system; calculate the measured comprehensive evaluation values based on the membership and weight of each index, as shown in the Table 10.









TABLE 10







Comprehensive Evaluation Values of Fifteen Types


of Rice Raw Materials for Producing Rice Products












Instant
Fresh & Wet
Rice Sponge
Glue


No.
Rice
Rice Noodle
Cake
Pudding














01
0.581
0.677
0.632
0.442


1
0.614
0.695
0.612
0.438


2
0.497
0.739
0.573
0.396


3
0.663
0.702
0.565
0.475


4
0.298
0.243
0.204
0.865


5
0.305
0.244
0.185
0.865


6
0.853
0.703
0.612
0.487


7
0.534
0.725
0.545
0.544


8
0.541
0.755
0.705
0.364


9
0.865
0.643
0.534
0.534


10
0.487
0.673
0.573
0.465


11
0.554
0.746
0.704
0.265


12
0.489
0.724
0.736
0.353


13
0.449
0.498
0.398
0.626


14
0.259
0.247
0.189
0.870


15
0.488
0.468
0.397
0.636









S7: Compare the estimated comprehensive quality values of rice products in the S2 with the measured comprehensive quality values of rice products in the S3˜S6; analyze the correlation between the estimated values and measured values. If their correlation coefficient is no less than 0.9, it indicates that the prediction ability of the model is satisfactory.


To predict the processing suitability of the raw rice material Jinyou 402 into rice products includes:


S1: measure the physicochemical indexes of the raw rice material Jinyou 402. Being measured by the grain near-infrared analyzer, the moisture of the raw rice material is 12.56%, the content of protein and amylose are 9.42% and 24.63%, respectively. Being measured by the taste meter, the taste value is 39; the gelatinization temperature (GTP) is 84.43° C., the peak viscosity (PV) is 2.61 Pa·s, the attenuation value (AV) is 1.21 Pa·s, the minimum viscosity (MV) 1.39 Pa·s, the retrogradation (RG) 1.15 Pa·s, the final viscosity (FV) 2.52 Pa·s, and the peak time is 5.7 min.


S2: Substituted the aforementioned indexes of raw rice materials into the mathematical models Eq. 1, Eq. 2, Eq. 3 and Eq. 4, respectively, and the estimated comprehensive evaluation values of dehydrated instant rice, fresh wet rice noodles, rice sponge cakes, and glue puddings made from Jinyou 402 are 0.562, 0.835, 0.785 and 0.391, accordingly. Therefore, it is known that the Jinyou 402 is most suitable for producing fresh wet rice noodles, while it is not suitable to be produced to rice sponge cakes, glue puddings, and dehydrated instant rice.

Claims
  • 1. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products comprising: (1) collecting representative raw materials samples;(2) measuring physicochemical indexes of different varieties of raw materials;(3) producing rice products with different varieties of raw materials;(4) according to characteristics of each type of rice products, establishing an index set of multi-level assessment of the quality of rice products and obtaining weights of different indexes by utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP);(5) determining a membership of each evaluating index and constructing a fuzzy evaluation matrix;(6) obtaining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation values by conducting fuzzy matrix composite operations;(7) obtaining a mathematical model between the comprehensive evaluation values of rice products and the characteristics of raw materials by conducting regression analyses; and(8) predicting processing suitability of different varieties of raw materials to produce rice products by adopting the mathematical model in the step (7).
  • 2. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the physicochemical indexes of different varieties of raw materials comprises: {circle around (1)} moisture, contents of protein, and amylose of raw materials, measured by a grain near infrared analyzer;{circle around (2)} taste values of raw materials measured by a taste meter;{circle around (3)} gelatinization parameters through gelatinization tests after grinding and sifting.
  • 3. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 2, wherein the step (4), according to the characteristics of each type of rice products, comprises: {circle around (1)} establishing an index set of multi-level assessment of the quality of rice products, including the rice products including rice noodles, instant rice, glue puddings, and rice sponge cakes;{circle around (2)} classifying the indexes for evaluating rice products quality into multi-level evaluation indexes;{circle around (3)} dividing first-level evaluation indexes into organoleptic quality index U1, texture index U2, and other physicochemical index U3;{circle around (4)} obtaining second-level assessment indexes Uij below the first-level evaluation indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the rice noodles: the second-level evaluation indexes of the organoleptic quality index including: luster U11, aroma U12, morphology U13, and mouthfeel U14, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13, U14},the second-level evaluation indexes of the texture index including: elasticity U21, viscidity U22, hardness U23, and chewiness U24, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24};the second-level evaluation indexes of the other physicochemical indexes including: pulping value U31, broken rate U32, namely, U3={U31, U32};{circle around (5)} obtaining the second-level evaluation indexes Uij under the first-level evaluation indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the instant rice: the second-level evaluation indexes of the organoleptic quality index including: luster before reconstitution U11, morphology before reconstitution U12, appearance U13, mouthfeel U14, and aroma U15 after reconstitution, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13, U14, U15};the second-level evaluation indexes of the texture index including: hardness U21, adhesiveness U22, elasticity U23, chewiness U24, and cohesiveness U25, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24, U25},{circle around (6)} obtaining the second-level evaluation indexes Uij under the first-level evaluation indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the glue puddings: the second-level evaluation indexes of the organoleptic quality index including: appearance U11, mouthfeel U12, and soup cloudiness U13, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13};the second-level evaluation indexes of the texture index including: hardness U21, elasticity U22, adhesiveness U23, resilience U24, and chewiness U25, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24, U25},the second-level assessment indexes of the other physicochemical indexes including: frozen cracking rate U31, dehydration rate U32, soup lucidity rate U33, namely, U3={U31, U32, U33};{circle around (7)} obtaining the second-level assessment indexes Uij under the first-level assessment indexes Ui, according to the characteristics of the rice sponge cakes: the second-level assessment indexes of the organoleptic quality index including: morphology U11, luster U12, and aroma U13, taste U14, and mouthfeel U15, namely, U1={U11, U12, U13, U14, U15};the second-level assessment indexes of the texture index including: hardness U21, elasticity U22, adhesiveness U23, resilience U24, and chewiness U25, namely, U2={U21, U22, U23, U24, U25};the second-level assessment indexes of the other physicochemical indexes including: specific volume U31 and titration acidity U32, namely, U3={U31, U32}.
  • 4. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), obtaining weights of different evaluation indexes by conducting analytical hierarchy process (AHP) further comprises: according to experts' scoring results, obtaining judgment matrixes of the second-level evaluation index and the first-level evaluation index,normalizing the judgment matrixes,calculating second-weight of the second-level evaluation indexes wij and first-weight of the first evaluation indexes wi, andobtaining weight sets w1={w11, w12, w13, . . . , w1j}, w2={w21, w22, w23, . . . , w2j}, w3={w31, w32, w33, . . . , w3}, w={w1, w2, w3, . . . , wi}.
  • 5. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 4, wherein in the step (5), determining memberships of each evaluation index, establishing fuzzy evaluation matrixes further comprises: {circle around (1)} dividing the evaluation indexes in the step (4) further into ascending quantitative evaluation indexes, appropriate interval quantitative indexes, and descending quantitative indexes;{circle around (2)} calculating memberships of each second-level indexes; wherein: for the ascending quantitative indexes, the general membership function for the corresponding level is:
  • 6. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 5, wherein in the step (6), obtaining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value by conducting fuzzy matrix composite operation further comprises a multiplication of the single factor fuzzy matrix and weights of indexes determined in the step (4),
  • 7. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 6, wherein in the step (6), using operator M(⋅, ⊕) in all calculations of the fuzzy matrix composite operations, ⋅ and ⊕ represent algebraic product and sum of the fuzzy set, respectively.
  • 8. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 7, wherein in step (7) further comprises obtaining the mathematical model Y=A·xibi between the comprehensive evaluation values of the rice products such as rice noodles, glue puddings, instant rice, and rice sponge cakes and the characteristics of raw materials, wherein Y represents comprehensive values of the rice products, A is type-related coefficient of the rice products, xi represents the physicochemical indexes of raw materials, such as moisture, amylose, gelatinization temperature, and taste value; bi represents exponents, i=1, 2, 3 . . . .
  • 9. A rapid screening method of processing raw materials for rice products according to claim 8, wherein in the step (8), predicting the processing suitability of raw materials by using the mathematical model in the step (7) further comprises: {circle around (1)} measuring the physicochemical indexes of raw materials, including using the grain near infrared analyzer to measure contents of moisture, protein and amylose of raw materials; obtaining the taste values with the taste meter; obtaining the gelatinization parameters, such as gelatinization temperatures, peak viscosity, disintegration values, minimum adhesiveness, retrogradation values, and final adhesiveness; and{circle around (2)} substituting the aforesaid physicochemical indexes of raw materials into the mathematical model Y=A·xibi as defined in step (7), obtaining the comprehensive evaluation values of corresponding rice products quality, and evaluating the processing suitability of raw materials.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
201710654708.2 Aug 2017 CN national