This application claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 14/037,922 filed Sep. 26, 2013 and entitled “RATIO METRIC CURRENT MEASUREMENT,” and which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.
The present disclosure relates in general to electric motor control and distribution of electrical energy and more particularly to a ratio metric current measurement.
The measurement of AC electrical current is frequently required in the electric motor industry. Some uses of electrical current measurement include metering, short circuit protection, motor overload protection, branch circuit overload, harmonic measurement, and the like. Of particular interest are current measurements of high bandwidth currents in electric motors and/or high current levels that are expensive to measure using conventional current measurement schemes.
There are many methods of making these current measurements. These include precision shunt resistors, current transformers, Hall Effect devices, resistive measurement, and the like.
With all of these methods, the size and cost of the current measurement device goes up geometrically with the magnitude of the measured current and the bandwidth of that current measurement.
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts, in which:
Once the impedance or current division ratio is known, calibrated, or learned, the total current in the sum of the paths can be ascertained by measuring the current in the secondary path. This has the advantage of allowing the use of smaller and less expensive current measurement elements.
Unknown Parallel Impedances
In some current measurements, the important 10 measurements to be made are the high frequency components of the current. In many cases, these high frequency components are in a known ratio to the fundamental AC current. This is true for detecting arc faults, pump cavitation, and motor bearing failure, among others. In this case, the current spectrum is separated into the various frequencies and the high frequency components are compared, in ratio, to the mains fundamental.
This means that a parallel conduction path contains all of the information required to detect the required event even though all of the current does not flow through the current sensor. In fact, it is unnecessary to know the precise division of the current between the parallel paths, since each path contains the same ratio metric information.
The advantages of this measurement are several. First, smaller and less expensive current sensors may be used to gather the same information as conventional measurement techniques. Second, smaller sensors generally have a higher bandwidth than larger sensors. This is especially true of Hall Effect magnetic path nulling sensors (LEM's). Third, the power supply requirements of the sensors can be reduced. This is because LEM nulling type sensors consume power in proportion to the measured current.
In one implementation of this technology, a secondary path is made parallel to the main current path. A small sensor, a LEM or similar, is positioned in the secondary path. The current is measured in this secondary path. This current is expanded into its various frequency components. A detection algorithm then compares the frequencies of interest in ratio to the magnitude of the fundamental.
Motor Branch Circuit Protection
This measurement lends itself to providing motor overload protection either by protection thresholds or more complex motor modeling techniques. The current measured in
Leakage currents to ground can be relatively constant when caused by insulation degradation or may be relatively intermittent in the event of arcing in cables to ground or within the motor. When such arcing occurs, the output, which contains the full spectrum of line current frequencies, allows for further processing to provide information regarding the system arc energy.
Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to particular embodiments, it should be understood that various other changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications may be ascertained by those skilled in the art and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass all such changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications as falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited in any way by any statement in the specification that is not otherwise reflected in the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14037922 | Sep 2013 | US |
Child | 14971939 | US |