Patent Application
20100081161
The present invention relates to a reagent for diluting a blood sample and a method for measuring mean corpuscular volume (also referred to hereinafter as MCV) by using the same.
An automated hematological analyzer is an apparatus in which the analysis of blood samples is automated. As an item measured by this automated hematological analyzer, there is MCV (mean corpuscular volume) of a blood sample. The MCV is obtained as the hematocrit divided by the red blood cell (also referred to thereinafter as RBC) count. The hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in unit volume of whole blood. Accordingly, MCV is a value indicative of the mean volume of red blood cell. MCV is expressed in unit femtoliter (fL) or 10−15 L.
A sheath flow DC detection method is known as a method of determining RBC count and hematocrit by an automated hematological analyzer. In the sheath flow DC detection method, the number and size of blood cells are measured by detecting a change in impedance generated upon passage of blood cells through a fine pore arranged in a flow cell. When a blood sample is analyzed with this automated hematological analyzer, the blood sample should be diluted with a physiologically isotonic diluent. As general diluents for diluting whole blood, there are physiological saline, Ringer solution, Rocke solution, and Tyrode solution.
A blood sample-diluting reagent described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,124 is known as a blood sample-diluting reagent for preventing a change with time in the MCV of a blood sample. The blood sample-diluting reagent described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,124 contains at least one nonionic surfactant and a substance for regulating the osmotic pressure of the reagent in the range of about 150 to 400 mOsm/kg.
However, when the blood sample-diluting reagent described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,124 is used to measure the MCV of a blood sample, the MCV is changed depending on measurement temperature. More specifically, the MCV is significantly reduced as the temperature increases from low temperature. Then, the MCV has a flexion point at a certain temperature. Then, when the temperature at the flexion point is exceeded, the MCV is gradually increases as the temperature increases.
Generally in measurement of the MCV of a blood sample with an automated hematological analyzer, the measurement temperature is often 20° C. or more. However, the measurement temperature may become less than 20° C., depending on the environment under which the automated hematological analyzer is installed or on the performance of a heater in the automated hematological analyzer. Accordingly, when the flexion point is 20° C. or more, the correction, with measurement temperature, of measurement results from the automated hematological analyzer requires complicated correction. As a result, in measurement of MCV of blood samples with the automated hematological analyzer, there has been a problem that errors in measurement results are caused by measurement temperature.
The scope of the present invention is defined solely by the appended claims, and is not affected to any degree by the statements within this summary.
An object of the present invention is to provide a blood sample-diluting reagent with reduction in measurement errors attributable to measurement temperature in measurement of MCV of blood samples with an automated hematological analyzer. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a blood sample-diluting reagent having a flexion-point temperature of 20° C. or less at which MCV is changed by measurement temperature.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring MCV of blood samples with an automated hematological analyzer with reduction in measurement errors attributable to measurement temperature by using the blood sample-diluting reagent described above.
When the reagent for diluting a blood sample according to the present invention is used, complicated correction is not necessary for making correction, by measurement temperature, of measurement results in measurement of MCV of blood samples with an automated hematological analyzer. Accordingly, measurement results of MCV with reduction in errors generated by measurement temperature can be obtained.
The reagent for diluting a blood sample in this embodiment contains water, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 52 to 60, and an osmo-regulator, and has an osmotic pressure of 150 to 400 mOsm/kg.
In this embodiment, the hydroxyl value is a numerical value indicative of the degree of hydroxyl value contained in an esterified product. More specifically, the hydroxyl value is indicated in terms of the amount (mg) of potassium hydroxide required for neutralizing acetic acid in an amount necessary for acetylation of free hydroxyl groups contained in 1 g esterified product.
The reagent for diluting a blood sample in this embodiment contains polyoxyethylene alkyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 52 to 60. The reagent preferably contains polyoxyethylene alkyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 53 to 58. The flexion-point temperature at which MCV is changed by measurement temperature can thereby be 20° C. or less.
The hydroxyl value of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether decreases as the average number of oxyethylene units therein increases. On the other hand, the hydroxyl value increases as the average number of oxyethylene units decreases. For example, the hydroxyl value of polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether having 20 oxyethylene units on average is about 50. The hydroxyl value of polyoxyethylene (19) oleyl ether having 19 oxyethylene units on average is about 55. The hydroxyl value of polyoxyethylene (18) oleyl ether having 18 oxyethylene units on average is about 57. The hydroxyl value of polyoxyethylene (16) oleyl ether having 16 oxyethylene units on average is about 60.
The hydroxyl value of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether can also be regulated by mixing a plurality of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers different in the average number of oxyethylene units. For example, polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether and polyoxyethylene (16) oleyl ether can be mixed at a ratio of 1:3 thereby adjusting the hydroxyl value to about 54. That is, the reagent for diluting a blood sample in this embodiment may contain at least 2 polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers different in the average number of oxyethylene units.
The hydroxyl value of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether contained in the reagent for diluting a blood sample can be measured by a method known in the art. For example, the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether contained in the reagent for diluting a blood sample is reacted with acetic anhydride in pyridine to form acetic acid. Then, the formed acetic acid can be titrated with potassium hydroxide, with phenolphthalein as an indicator, to determine the hydroxyl value. An automated apparatus for measuring a hydroxyl value is commercially available. This apparatus can be used to measure the hydroxyl value of the polyoxyethylenealkyl ether contained in the reagent for diluting a blood sample. The average number of oxyethylene units in the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether used in this embodiment is preferably 16 or more.
The concentration of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether contained in the reagent for diluting a blood sample is 0.0005 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, more preferably 0.005 to 0.05% by weight.
In this embodiment, the osmotic pressure of the reagent for diluting a blood sample is regulated in the range of 150 to 400 mOsm/kg, preferably 230 to 350 mOsm/kg. By regulating the osmotic pressure of the reagent for diluting a blood sample in this range, a change with time in the MCV of a blood sample can be suppressed. An osmo-regulator for adjusting the osmotic pressure of the reagent for diluting a blood sample to the above-defined osmotic pressure includes, for example, sodium chloride and potassium chloride and the like.
In this embodiment, the reagent for diluting a blood sample can contain a buffer. The buffer includes a phosphate buffer, borate buffer, Tris buffer and imidazole buffer. Particularly, the borate buffer is preferable.
In this embodiment, the pH of the reagent for diluting a blood sample is regulated in the range of 6 to 8.5. The pH adjuster for adjustment to the above pH includes, for example, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and the like.
In this embodiment, the reagent for diluting a blood sample can contain an oxidant inhibitor. The oxidant inhibitor includes EDTA and butyl methyl phenol and the like. Particularly, EDTA is preferable.
In this embodiment, the reagent for diluting a blood sample can contain antiseptic agent. The antiseptic agent includes sodium 2-pyridylthio-1-oxide and β-phenethyl alcohol. Particularly, sodium 2-pyridylthio-1-oxide is preferable.
The reagent for diluting a blood sample (also referred to hereinafter as merely “diluent”) is held in the diluent container 4. The sample supply section 6 includes a mixing chamber 6a, a sampling valve 6b, a pipette 6c, a syringe 6d, a motor 6e, and the like.
As shown in
(1) A blood sample is suctioned from a blood collection tube via the pipette 6c into the sampling valve.
(2) The blood sample quantified with the sampling valve 6b is diluted 500-fold with the diluent and delivered to the mixing chamber 6a.
(3) The diluted sample in the mixing chamber 6a is sent to the DC measurement section 7.
(4) The diluted sample that has passed through the DC measurement section 7 is discharged into the waste chamber 8.
The measurement unit 2 has the heater 5 on the flow path 9 for connecting the diluent container 4 to the sampling valve 6b. By the heater 5, the diluent is heated so that the temperature of the diluted sample in the DC measurement section 7 reaches 20° C. or more. The heater 5 in the measurement unit 2 is arranged on the flow path 9 for connecting the diluent container 4 to the sampling valve 6b, but this arrangement is not limiting. The heater 5 may be arranged such that the temperature of the diluted sample in the DC measurement section 7 reaches 20° C. or more. For example, the heater 5 may be arranged on an other place of the flow path 9. Alternatively, the heater 5 may be arranged so as to directly heat the diluent container 4 or the mixing chamber 6a.
The temperature sensor 11 is for measuring the temperature of the diluted sample in the DC measurement section 7. The temperature sensor 11 is arranged preferably near to the DC measurement section 7. This is to more accurately measure the temperature of the diluted sample in the DC measurement section 7. The temperature sensor 11 of the measurement unit 2 in this embodiment is arranged so as to measure the temperature of the diluted sample after passage through the DC measurement section 7. However, the temperature sensor 11 may be arranged so as to measure the temperature of the diluted sample before introduction into the DC measurement section 7. Alternatively, the temperature sensor 11 may be arranged so as to measure the temperature of the diluted sample in a flow cell 71 described later in the DC measurement section 7.
The temperature sensor 10 is for measuring the surrounding temperature of the automated hematological analyzer 1. Accordingly, the temperature sensor 10 is disposed preferably where it is hardly influenced by heat generated by the heater 5, the heater 6e and the like. In this example, the temperature sensor 10 of the measurement unit 2 is disposed inside of the measurement unit 2. However, the temperature sensor 10 may be disposed outside of the measurement unit 2.
The DC measurement section 7 has the flow cell 71 to which the diluted sample is to be transferred from the mixing chamber 6a.
The communication unit 13 is an interface such as, for example, an RS-232C interface, USB interface and Ethernet (registered trademark). The communication unit 13 is constituted so as to be capable of sending and receiving data to/from the data processing unit 3. The communication unit 13 is connected via a circuit to the control unit 12 and constituted to so as to be capable of sending and receiving data to/from the control unit 12.
The control unit 12 is composed of CPU, ROM, RAM and the like. The control unit 12 is connected via the circuit 14 to the respective parts of the measurement unit 2 and constituted to regulate their operation as well as to send and receive data. For example, the control unit 12 controls the operation of the motor 6e for the sample supply section 6, thereby controlling the operation of a liquid in the flow path 9. Further, the control unit 12 transmits data received from the temperature sensor 11, temperature sensor 10, and DC measurement section 7, to the communication unit 13. Furthermore, the control unit 12 also transmits information received from the data processing unit 3 by the communication unit 13, to the respective parts of the measurement unit 2.
As shown in
In this embodiment, CPU 31 in the data processing unit 3 is constituted to execute this application program, thereby analyzing measurement data to calculate red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (HCT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV).
The communication interface 35 is an interface such as, for example, an RS-232C interface, USB interface and Ethernet (registered trademark). The communication interface 35 is constituted so as to be capable of sending and receiving data to/from the measurement unit 2.
When the automated hematological analyzer 1 is first started, the application program and the like are initialized. Thereafter, in step S1, whether or not the start of measurement has been instructed by the user is judged with CPU 31 in the data processing unit 3. This judgment is repeated until the start of measurement is instructed. When the start of measurement has been instructed, a signal of the start of measurement is transmitted in step S2 from the data processing unit 3 to the measurement unit 2.
Then, in step S21, whether the signal of the start of measurement has been received or not is judged with the control unit 8 in the measurement unit 2. This judgment is repeated until the signal of the start of measurement is received. When the measurement unit 2 receives the signal of the start of measurement, a blood sample is suctioned via pipette 6c from a blood collection tube, in step S22.
Then, in step S23, a diluted sample is prepared in the sample supply section 6. Specifically, a predetermined amount (for example, 2.0 mL) of a diluent, and a predetermined amount (for example, 4 μL) of the blood sample suctioned via the pipette 6c from the blood collection tube 20, are supplied to, and stirred in, the mixing chamber 6a. The diluent is heated with heater 5 in the flow path 9 from the diluent container 4 to the mixing chamber 6a. By so doing, a predetermined amount (for example, 2.0 mL) of a heated diluted sample is prepared. Thereafter, in step S24, a portion (for example, 1 mL) of the diluted sample in the mixing chamber 6a, together with a sheath liquid (a diluent), is transferred to the DC measurement section 7. Blood cells contained in the diluted sample there bypass through the aperture 73 in the flow cell 71 in the DC measurement section 7. A pulse signal showing a change, generated upon passage of the blood cells through the aperture 73, in the electric resistance of DC current flowing between the minus electrode 77 and plus electrode 78 is measured.
Then, in step S25, the temperature of the diluted sample (measurement temperature) having passed through the DC measuring section 7 is measured with the temperature sensor 11. The heater 5 has been set up such that the measurement temperature reaches 23° C. or more by heating the diluent used in preparation of the diluted sample.
Then, in step S26, measurement data containing the pulse signal and the measurement temperature, measured in the respective detection sections, are transmitted from the measurement unit 2 to the data processing unit 3.
In step S3, whether the measurement data transmitted from the measurement unit 2 have been received or not is judged with the data processing unit 3. This judgment is repeated until the data are received. When the measurement data are received, red blood cell count (RBC) and hematocrit value (HCT) are calculated in step S4 with CPU 31, based on the pulse signal measured in step S24.
Thereafter, in step S5, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is calculated from the red blood cell count (RBC) and hematocrit value (HCT) with CPU 31 by using the following equation (1):
MCV=(HCT/RBC)×1000 (1)
wherein MCV is mean corpuscular volume (fL), HCT is hematocrit value (%) and RBC is red blood cell count (×104 μL).
Further, in step S6, a correction value of MCV is calculated from the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and measurement temperature with CPU 31 by using the following equation (2):
Corrected MCV=MCV×(1+0.048×(23−measurement temperature)) (2)
The corrected MCV obtained by the equation (2) above is MCV with reduction in errors attributable to measurement temperature.
Then, in step S7, the calculation results of red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit value (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and corrected MCV calculated as described above are outputted on the display device 37.
Thereafter, whether or not shutdown has been instructed by the user is judged in step S8. When shutdown is not instructed, the process proceeds to step S1. When shutdown has been instructed, the operation of sample analysis processing by the data processing unit 3 in the automated hematological analyzer 1 is terminated. In the measurement unit 2, the measurement data are transmitted in step S26 to the data processing unit 3, and then, whether or not shutdown has been instructed by the user is judged in step S27. When shutdown is not instructed, the process proceeds to step S21. When shutdown has been instructed, the operation of sample analysis processing by the measurement unit 2 in the automated hematological analyzer 1 is terminated.
In this example, the temperature of the diluent (measurement temperature) measured with the temperature sensor 11 is used to calculate a correction value of MCV. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the surrounding temperature (ambient temperature) of the automated hematological analyzer 1, measured with the temperature sensor 10, can be used to calculate a correction value of MCV. Further, both the measurement temperature and the ambient temperature can be used to calculate a correction value of MCV.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
2.20 g of sodium chloride was added to 1 L of CELLPACK (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) as a reagent for diluting a blood sample. Polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers different in hydroxyl value were added to a concentration of 0.015% by weight to the CELLPACK to which sodium chloride had been added, to prepare reagents A to E respectively.
The hydroxyl values of the polyoxyethylene oleyl ethers used in preparation of reagents A to E are shown below.
Reagent A: polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 49.0
Reagent B: polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 51.0
Reagent C: polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 53.6
Reagent D: polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 54.8
Reagent E: polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 57.1
Each of 3 normal fresh blood samples was diluted 500-fold with each of reagents A to E to prepare a measurement sample. This prepared measurement sample was measured for its MCV at a varying measurement temperature with an automated hematological analyzer XE-2100 (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation). The automated hematological analyzer XE-2100 is not provided with a heater for regulating the temperature of a measurement sample. Hence, the measurement temperature was regulated by changing the surrounding temperature (ambient temperature) of the apparatus. The mean value of measured MCV in the 3 normal fresh blood samples was used as the measured value.
It is evident from
From this result, it was revealed that when the reagent for diluting a blood sample, which contains polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a hydroxyl value of 53.6 or more, is used, the MCV of a blood sample can be measured with the automated hematological analyzer without necessity for complicated correction as long as the measurement temperature is 20° C. or more.
A mixture consisting of polyoxyethylene (20) oleyl ether and polyoxyethylene (16) oleyl ether in a ratio of 1:3 was added to a concentration of 0.015% by weight to CELLPACK (II) (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation) as a reagent for diluting a blood sample, to prepare a blood sample-diluting reagent having a hydroxyl value of 54.
Three normal fresh blood samples were diluted 500-fold respectively with the blood sample-diluting reagent having a hydroxyl value of 54, to prepare measurement samples. The prepared measurement samples were measured for their MCV at ambient temperature with the automated hematological analyzer XE-2100 (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation). The results are shown in black squares (▪) in
Separately, the measurement samples were measured for their MCV at a temperature regulated at 23° C. or more with an automated hematological analyzer XE-2100C (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation). The results are shown in black circles () in
Corrected MCV obtained by correcting, by the above equation (2) with the measurement temperature, the results of the measurement sample measured at a measurement temperature regulated at 23° C. or more by heating the blood sample-diluting reagent with the heater are shown in (◯) in
The mean value of measured MCV in the 3 normal fresh blood samples was used as the measured value.
As is evident from
The foregoing detailed description and examples have been provided by way of explanation and illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. Many variations in the presently preferred embodiments will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, and remain within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-247485 | Sep 2008 | JP | national |
