The subject matter herein relates generally to electrical systems, and more particularly, to receptacle terminals.
Power systems are known for making electrical connections between various components of the power system. Typically, power terminals are terminated to an end of a cable and configured for mating with a corresponding power terminal. An example of such a power system is in electric vehicles, where electric power is transferred between power connectors.
Some power connectors use a power terminal that is received on a bolt and connected thereto using a nut, such as a wing nut. Such power connectors are not without disadvantages. For example, such power connectors utilize multiple components, and are time consuming and may be difficult to mate and unmate. Additionally, such power connectors may not provide an adequate connection for high power situations. Other types of power connectors have one connector with a terminal having a receptacle and the other connector having a blade that plugs into the receptacle. Such power connectors are not without disadvantages. For example, it may be difficult to maintain the interface between the receptacle and the blade. The design of the receptacle may be complex to ensure electrical connection is maintained with the blade, making the overall design more expensive to manufacture. Connections other than power connections may use terminals with receptacles that receive blades to make electrical connection therebetween. Such connections suffer from the same disadvantages.
A need remains for a receptacle terminal that is reliable and cost effective. A need remains for a connector having receptacle terminals that are reliable and cost effective.
In one embodiment, a receptacle terminal is provided having a terminal body with a cable end configured to be terminated to a cable and a mating end configured to be mated with a blade terminal. The terminal body includes a receptacle at the mating end. The receptacle has a first wall and a second wall generally parallel to, and spaced apart from, the first wall. The receptacle has a receiving space between the first and second walls configured to receive the blade terminal. A contact spring is separately provided from, and coupled to, the terminal body and has a spring wall received in the receiving space that is positioned between the first wall and the blade terminal. The spring wall has an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surface is spring biased against the first wall. The outer surface is configured to be spring biased against the blade terminal.
In a further embodiment, a contact spring is provided for a receptacle terminal having first and second walls with a receiving space therebetween that receives a blade terminal. The contact spring includes an end wall having opposite edges, first and second side walls and first and second spring walls. The first and second side walls extend from corresponding edges of the end wall. The first side wall is configured to extend along the first wall of the receptacle terminal. The second side wall is configured to extend along the second wall of the receptacle terminal. The first and second spring walls extend from the first and second side walls, respectively. The first spring wall is configured to extend along the first wall of the receptacle terminal within the receiving space. The second spring wall is configured to extend along the second wall of the receptacle terminal within the receiving space. The first and second spring walls are configured to engage opposite sides of the blade terminal when received in the receiving space.
In an alternative embodiment, a power connector is provided that has a housing having a mating face and a receptacle terminal held by the housing at the mating face. The receptacle terminal includes a terminal body that has a cable end configured to be terminated to a cable and a mating end configured to be mated with a blade terminal. The terminal body comprises a receptacle at the mating end. The receptacle has a first wall and a second wall generally parallel to, and spaced apart from, the first wall. The receptacle has a receiving space between the first and second walls that receives the blade terminal. A contact spring is separately provided from, and coupled to, the terminal body and has a spring wall received in the receiving space that is configured to be positioned between the first wall and the blade terminal. The spring wall has an inner surface and an outer surface with the inner surface being spring biased against the first wall and the outer surface being spring biased against the blade terminal.
A pair of contact springs 110, 112 are coupled to the mating end 106 of the terminal body 102. The contact springs 110, 112 create an interface between the blade terminal 108 and the receptacle terminal 100. In the illustrated embodiment, two contact springs 110, 112 are separately provided and coupled to the terminal body 102. Alternatively, more or less than two contact springs 110, 112, for example, a single contact spring, may be coupled to the terminal body 102 in an alternative embodiment. The contact springs 110, 112 define a conductive interface between the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102.
The contact springs 110, 112 provide multiple points of contact to the receptacle terminal 100 and provide multiple points of contacts to the blade terminal 108. The contact springs 110, 112 provide a spring force against, and are biased against, the receptacle terminal 100 and the blade terminal 108 to ensure that an electrical connection is maintained between the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102. The contact springs 110, 112 are held against the terminal body 102 by a mechanical connection between the contact springs 110,112 and the terminal body 102. Additional securing features are not necessary to hold the contact springs 110, 112 on the terminal body 102. The contact springs 110, 112 do not need to be laser-welded, soldered or crimped onto the terminal body 102. The contact springs 110, 112 may be easily mounted to the terminal body 102 without using additional features that may add to the cost of the receptacle terminal 100 or add to the assembly time of the receptacle terminal 100.
The cable end 104 is configured to be terminated to a cable. In the illustrated embodiment, the cable end 104 constitutes a crimp connection that is configured to be crimped to the end of the cable. The terminal body 102 includes crimp arms 120 at the cable end 104 that are initially stamped and formed into an open state defining a channel. Any number of crimp arms 120 may be provided. During manufacture, the crimp arms 120 are crimped to the cable during a crimping process. The cable end 104 may be terminated to the cable by an alternative means in an alternative embodiment. For example, the cable end 104 may include a barrel for crimping or may be soldered to the cable.
In the illustrated embodiment, the terminal body 102 is generally U-shaped at the mating end 106 with the first and second walls 124, 126 defining portions of the U-shaped terminal body 102. The mating end 106 includes a receptacle 122 defined by the U-shaped terminal body 102. The receptacle 122 receives the contact springs 110, 112 and the blade terminal 108. The receptacle 122 is defined by a first wall 124 and a second wall 126. The first and second walls 124, 126 are parallel to, and spaced apart from, one another. The receptacle 122 has a receiving space 128 between the first and second wall 124, 126 that receives that blade terminal 108. The receiving space 128 is open through the top and is configured to receive the blade terminal 108 through the open top. Alternatively, the receiving space 128 may be configured to receive the blade terminal 108 from a different direction, such as through a side of the receiving space 128 (e.g., through the first end 132) or through an opening in the bottom (not shown).
In an exemplary embodiment, the first and second walls 124, 126 include openings 130 therethrough (only the opening 130 in the first wall 124 is illustrated in
The first and second walls 124, 126 are spaced apart from one another by a distance 138. The distance 138 may be generally uniform along the length of the receiving space 128 measured between the first and second ends 132, 134. Additionally, the distance 138 may also be uniform along the height of the receiving space 128 measured from the top edge 136 to the bottom of the U-shaped terminal body 102. The distance 138 is sufficiently wide to accommodate the blade terminal 108 and the contact springs 110, 112.
The contact spring 110 includes an end wall 150 having opposite edges 152, 154. The contact spring 110 includes first and second side walls 156, 158 extending from corresponding edges 152, 154 of the end wall 150. Optionally, the side walls 156, 158 may extend generally perpendicular with respect to the end wall 150. Optionally, the side walls 156, 158 may be generally planar and oriented substantially parallel to one another. The end wall 150 and the first and second side walls 156, 158 together define a U-shaped structure. The first and second side walls 156, 158 each have a top 160 and bottom 162. The tops 160 of the side walls 156, 158 may be aligned with one another and may be aligned with a top of the end wall 150. Similarly, the bottoms 162 of the side walls 156, 158 may be aligned with one another and may be aligned with a bottom of the end wall 150.
A first tab 164 extends from the first side wall 156 generally opposite the end wall 150. A second tab 166 extends from the second side wall 158 generally opposite the end wall 150. Optionally, the first and second tabs 164, 166 may be positioned generally at the bottom 162 of the first and second walls 156, 158. The first and second tabs 164, 166 may be oriented generally perpendicular to the first and second walls 156, 158. The first and second tabs 164, 166 are bent inward toward one another. Other orientations are possible in alternative embodiments. The first and second tabs 164, 166 are configured to be received in corresponding openings 130 (shown in
The contact spring 110 includes a first spring wall 170. A connecting portion 172 is provided between the first spring wall 170 and the first side wall 156. The connecting portion 172 is oriented generally perpendicular with respect to the first side wall 156. The first spring wall 170 is oriented generally perpendicular with respect to the connecting portion 172. In an exemplary embodiment, the first spring wall 170 is oriented generally parallel to the first side wall 156 and is spaced apart from the first side wall 156. When the contact spring 110 is mounted to the terminal body 102, the first wall 124 is received between the first spring wall 170 and the first side wall 156.
In an exemplary embodiment, the first spring wall 170 is non-planar. The first spring wall 170 defines a wave spring having a wavy configuration to give a spring effect. The first spring wall 170 follows a serpentine path having a series of peaks and valleys. The first spring wall 170 has concave portions 174 and convex portions 176. The concave portions 174 define the valleys and the convex portions 176 define the peaks. The concave portions 174 include apexes 178 defining mating interfaces for engaging first wall 124. The convex portions 176 include apexes 180 defining mating interfaces for engaging the blade terminal 108 (shown in
The first spring wall 170 includes a plurality of slots 182 extending therethrough. The slots 182 separate the first spring wall 170 into a plurality of individual, parallel spring fingers 184 that are independently moveable with respect to one another. Each of the spring fingers 184 are configured to engage the first wall 124 and each of the spring fingers 184 are configured to engage the blade terminal 108.
The first spring wall 170 includes an inner surface 186 and an outer surface 188 opposite the inner surface 186. The inner surface 186 generally faces and is configured to engage the first wall 124. The outer surface 188 generally faces and is configured to engage the blade terminal 108.
The contact spring 110 includes a second spring wall 190. A connecting portion 192 is provided between the second spring wall 190 and the second side wall 158. The connecting portion 192 is oriented generally perpendicular with respect to the second side wall 158. The second spring wall 190 is oriented generally perpendicular with respect to the connecting portion 192. In an exemplary embodiment, the second spring wall 190 is oriented generally parallel to the second side wall 158 and is spaced apart from the second side wall 158. The second spring wall 190 is also spaced apart from the first spring wall 190. The first and second spring walls 170, 190 are positioned between the first and second side walls 156, 158. The first and second spring walls 170, 190 are internal of the U-shaped body defined by the end wall 150 and the first and second side walls 156, 158. When the contact spring 110 is mounted to the terminal body 102, the second wall 126 is received between the second spring wall 190 and the second side wall 158. The terminal blade 108 is configured to be received between the first and second spring walls 170, 190.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second spring wall 190 is non-planar. The second spring wall 190 defines a wave spring having a wavy configuration to give a spring effect. The second spring wall 190 follows a serpentine path having a series of peaks and valleys. The second spring wall 190 has concave portions 194 and convex portions 196. The concave portions 194 define the valleys and the convex portions 196 define the peaks. The concave portions 194 include apexes 198 defining mating interfaces for engaging the second wall 126. The convex portions 196 include apexes 200 defining mating interfaces for engaging the blade terminal 108 (shown in
The second spring wall 190 includes a plurality of slots 202 extending therethrough. The slots 202 separate the second spring wall 190 into a plurality of individual, parallel spring fingers 204 that are independently moveable with respect to one another. Each of the spring fingers 204 are configured to engage the second wall 126 and each of the spring fingers 204 are configured to engage the blade terminal 108.
The second spring wall 190 includes an inner surface 206 and an outer surface 208 opposite the inner surface 206. The inner surface 206 generally faces and is configured to engage the second wall 126. The outer surface 208 generally faces and is configured to engage the blade terminal 108.
In an exemplary embodiment, the contact spring 110 is manufactured from a conductive material, such as a metal material. The contact spring 110 may be manufactured from a copper material or a copper alloy. Optionally, the contact spring 110 may be plated with a plating material. The contact spring 110 may be selectively plated, such as on the first spring wall 170 and the second spring wall 190. The contact spring 110 may be plated with a nickel material, a gold material, a tin material and the like.
Returning to
The contact spring 110 is loaded onto the mating end 106 from above. The spring walls 170, 190 are loaded into the receiving space 128 between the first and second walls 124, 126. The end wall 150 and side walls 156, 158 wrap around the first and second walls 124, 126 of the receptacle 122 and are provided along the outside of the first and second walls 124, 126. The end wall 150 spans between the first and second walls 124, 126. The end wall 150 limits deflection of the first and second walls 124, 126 away from one another when the blade terminal 108 is loaded into the receptacle 122. As such, the contact spring 110 holds the relative position of the first wall 124 with respect to the second wall 126. The contact spring 110 maintain the distance 138 between the first and second walls 124, 126.
During assembly, the tabs 164, 166 (shown in
The contact spring 110 is coupled to the terminal body 102 such that the first and second spring walls 170, 190 are loaded into the receiving space 128. The first spring wall 170 is configured to be positioned between the first wall 124 and the first side 220 of the blade terminal 108. The first spring wall 170 includes multiple points of contact A with the blade terminal 108. The first spring wall 170 being spring biased against the blade terminal 108. The first spring wall 170 includes multiple points of contact B with the first wall 124. The first spring wall 170 being spring biased against the first wall 124. For example, as the first spring wall 170 is compressed between the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102, the spring wall 170 presses against the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102. Similarly, the second spring wall 190 includes multiple points of contact C with the second side 222 of the blade terminal 108, and multiple points of contact D with the second wall 126. The second spring wall 190 being spring biased against the second side 222 of the blade terminal 108, and being spring biased against the second wall 126. For example, as the second spring wall 190 is compressed between the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102, the spring wall 190 presses against the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102. The first side wall 156 wraps around the first wall 124 and includes one or more points of contact E with the outside of the first wall 124. The second side wall 158 wraps around the second wall 126 and includes one or more points of contact F with the outside of the second wall 126.
When the blade terminal 108 is loaded into the receiving space 128, the first and second spring walls 170, 190 are compressed between the blade terminal 108 and the terminal body 102. During assembly, when the blade terminal 108 is loaded into the receiving space 128 between the first and second spring walls 170, 190, the first and second spring walls 170, 190 may be at least partially deflected or flattened out by pressing the first spring wall 170 toward the first wall 124 and the second spring wall 190 toward the second wall 126. The wavy configuration of the first spring wall 170 forces the concave portions 174 to be biased against the first wall 124 and the convex portions 176 to be biased against the blade terminal 108. Similarly, the wavy configuration of the second spring wall 190 forces the concave portions 194 are biased against the second wall 126 and the convex portions 196 are biased against the blade terminal 108.
In an exemplary embodiment, the mating power connector 260 and the power connector 240 may form part of a power system for a vehicle, such as an electrical vehicle. The power connector 240 and mating power connector 260 may be used in other applications in alternative embodiments, such as industrial applications.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Dimensions, types of materials, orientations of the various components, and the number and positions of the various components described herein are intended to define parameters of certain embodiments, and are by no means limiting and are merely exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments and modifications within the spirit and scope of the claims will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written in means—plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless and until such claim limitations expressly use the phrase “means for” followed by a statement of function void of further structure.
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