Patent Application
20160097592
The present invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for drying sheet materials, and especially green wood veneer.
Single and multiple deck conveyor dryers for reducing the moisture content of sheet materials, including green wood veneer, wherein the material being dried is conveyed through a stationary drying chamber while heated gases are circulated through the drying chamber, are well-known in the art. Evaporation of moisture from the material being dried causes an increase in the volume of gases in the dryer. Disposal of large amounts of gases containing volatile organic carbon (V.O.C.) which are evolved from the veneer during drying has been a major problem in the veneer drying art. Typically, gases are removed by an exhaust system and, in some systems, are exhausted directly to the atmosphere. By allowing gases to be exhausted directly to the atmosphere, pollutants have been allowed to escape and considerable quantities of heat energy are lost which is a considerable cost expense.
It is desirable to control the exhaust of gases from a wood veneer dryer to optimize the drying efficiency of the dryer and to provide a means for containing and treating the exhaust gases prior to discharge into the atmosphere. Such means include installing a V.O.C. separating device such as a catalytic or thermal oxidizer in the exhaust system. Such devices are well-known in the art. In order to optimize performance of these devices, it is preferable to maintain the temperature of the exhaust gases at or above a minimum operating temperature. At temperatures below this minimum operating temperature, pitch (i.e., condensed V.O.C. material) builds-up in the exhaust system, representing an obvious fire hazard. A fire in the exhaust system would result in costly repairs. While attempts have been made to optimize the performance of such exhaust systems, maintaining the temperature of the exhaust gases at or above the minimum operating temperature has proved difficult.
If the drying process is not carefully controlled and optimized, gases within a dryer of this type will be discharged through not only the exhaust system, but through input and output ends of the dryer because a positive pressure differential is created within the dryer relative to the external atmosphere. These prior art dryers have other disadvantages, including a loss of efficiency due to the entrance of air at ambient temperature into the dryer through input and output ends if a negative pressure differential is created within the dryer relative to the external atmosphere if gases are exhausted too quickly. Entrance of cooler ambient air reduces the temperature of the dryer, resulting in pitch-build up within the dryer and a real fire hazard.
There is accordingly a need in the art for a green wood veneer dryer wherein the temperature and pressure within the dryer are controlled to optimize performance of the dryer, prevent the build-up of pitch within the dryer and exhaust system, and prevent the outflow of gases containing V.O.C. from the dryer before treatment in the exhaust system.
The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related thereto are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings.
The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In various embodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to other improvements.
In order to address the foregoing, the invention provides a recirculating system for recirculating gases from an input end seal chamber of a green veneer dryer to a drying chamber to maintain the pressure within the input end seal chamber within an accurate range of the pressure external the dryer. Thus, gases containing V.O.C. are substantially prevented from escaping the dryer and ambient air is substantially prevented from entering the dryer
An aspect of the invention provides a recirculating system for use with a green wood veneer dryer including an elongated drying chamber having an input end and an output end and an input end seal chamber connected to the input end of the drying chamber for receiving an outflow of gases from the drying chamber. At least one fan is disposed within the drying chamber for circulating heated gases within the drying chamber. The recirculating system includes a duct connecting the input end seal chamber to the at least one fan. The at least one fan generates a negative pressure differential within the duct to redirect the gases from the input end seal chamber to the drying chamber to maintain the pressure within the input end seal chamber within an accurate range of pressure external the dryer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the recirculating system includes an airflow controller connected to the duct for adjusting the rate at which the gases recirculate from the input end seal chamber to the drying chamber.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the recirculating system includes pressure sensors for operating the airflow controller. In some embodiments, the pressure sensors detect a pressure differential within the input end seal chamber and the drying chamber relative to the pressure external the dryer. In other embodiments, the pressure sensors further detect a pressure differential within an exhaust system.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of drying green wood veneer. The method includes conveying green wood veneer from an input end to an output end of a green wood veneer dryer, circulating heated gases within a drying chamber of the dryer, recirculating the gases received by an input end seal chamber connected to an input end of the drying chamber to the drying chamber, and maintaining the pressure within the input end seal chamber within an accurate range of the pressure external the dryer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes sensing the pressure within the input end seal chamber, the drying chamber, and an exhaust system relative to the pressure external the dryer.
In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following detailed descriptions.
Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed are to be considered illustrative of the invention rather than restrictive.
10 wood veneer dryer
12 input end (of the dryer)
14 output end (of the dryer)
16 at least one conveyor
20 elongated drying chamber
24 at least one fan motor
26 at least one fan
28 at least one inlet cone
30 input end seal chamber
32 pinch roll assemblies
34 baffles
36 collecting region
37 separator
38 aperture
39 conveying region
40 exhaust system
50 recirculating system
52 duct
54 at least one connector
60 airflow controller
70 pressure sensors
80 heat source
90 intermediary chamber
92 cooling chamber
A gas air flow path within dryer 10
B gas air flow path within dryer 10
In this specification, the term “input end” in relation to the green wood veneer dryer and components thereof means the end wherein green wood veneer to be dried is introduced into the dryer, drying chamber, or cooling chamber. The term “output end” in relation to the green wood veneer dryer and components thereof means the end opposite to the input end, i.e. the end wherefrom dried wood veneer exits the dryer, drying chamber, or cooling chamber. The term “direction of travel” means the direction in which green wood veneer to be dried travels from the input end to the output end of the green wood veneer dryer, i.e. the direction from left to right in the view of
The term “positive pressure differential” means the pressure within the green wood veneer dryer, or components thereof, that is greater than the pressure external the dryer. The term “negative pressure differential” means the pressure within the green wood veneer dryer, or components thereof, that is less than the pressure external the dryer. The term “zero pressure differential” means the pressure within the input end seal chamber, or components thereof, is within an accurate range of the pressure external the dryer. The term “inlet end” in relation to the recirculating system and components thereof means the end wherein gases are introduced into the component. The term “outlet end” in relation to the recirculating system and components thereof means the end opposite to the inlet end, i.e. the end wherefrom gases exit the component.
Referring to
A baffle 34 is disposed between each pinch roll assembly 32 at the input end 12 of input end seal chamber 30 to prevent the flow of ambient air into the input end 12 of dryer 10. Each baffle 34 seals the air gap between the vertically-spaced pinch roll assemblies 32. The air seal created between vertically-spaced pinch roll assemblies 32 allows for each pinch roll assembly to move relative to baffle 34 as green wood veneer approaches the nip of the pinch roll assembly and enters input end seal chamber 30.
Drying chamber 20 comprises at least one fan motor 24 for driving at least one corresponding fan 26 which circulates air within the drying chamber 20 in a circular path, substantially transverse to the direction of travel of the green wood veneer to be dried. The air may be heated by a heat source 80, such as a gas-fired burner, a steam coil, a thermal oil system, a waste-fired burner, or an electric heater.
A “jet-type” green wood veneer dryer of the sort shown in
As the green wood veneer to be dried is heated, moisture is released from the wood veneer and the volume of gases within drying chamber 20 increases resulting in a positive pressure differential within the green wood veneer dryer relative to the external atmosphere. Excess gases may be exhausted through an exhaust system 40 (
Input end seal chamber 30 is connected to receive an outflow of gases from drying chamber 20 as the pressure differential within drying chamber 20 becomes positive. A collecting region 36 defines an upper region of input end seal chamber 30 and is separated from a lower conveying region 39 by a separator 37. Gases enter collecting region 36 via an aperture 38 located in separator 37. Aperture 38 may be positioned in the centre of separator 37, or may be offset therefrom. Alternatively, separator 37 may be perforated. Conveying region 39 comprises pinch roll assemblies 32 and baffles 34 that define the path of movement for the green wood veneer to travel as it enters input end seal chamber 30.
Input end seal chamber 30 is provided with a recirculating system 50 for recirculating the gases from collecting region 36 to drying chamber 20. In other embodiments, recirculating system 50 is directly connected to input end seal chamber 30 and no collecting region is provided.
The airflow controller, manually or through the use of pressure sensors 70, maintains a zero pressure differential within input end seal chamber 30. At zero pressure differential, the gases within input end seal chamber 30 are substantially prevented from discharging through the input end 12 of the dryer and the gases external the dryer are substantially prevented from entering input end seal chamber 30.
When at least one fan 26 is in operation, a negative pressure differential is produced at corresponding inlet cone 26. The negative pressure differential acts to establish a flow of air in a circular path, substantially transverse to the direction of travel of the green wood veneer through drying chamber 20 and to establish a flow path of air from input end seal chamber 30, through recirculating system 50 (represented by gas flow path arrows B in
As excess pressure is generated in drying chamber 20, the gases are forced into input end seal chamber 30. This increases the pressure of the gases in input end seal chamber 30. Alternatively, when excess gases are not generated in drying chamber 20, or is being overly exhausted by exhaust system 40, the pressure differential in input end seal chamber 30 may become negative. By maintaining a fixed zero pressure differential, maximum drying efficiency and minimal pollutant exhausting to the atmosphere can be maintained. Pressure sensors 70 may be used to indicate the pressure differential between the pressure in input end seal chamber 30, drying chamber 20, exhaust system 40, and/or the external atmosphere. By controlling airflow controller 60, adjusting the rate of exhaust flow, and adjusting the speed of at least one fan 26, or a combination thereof, zero pressure differential can be maintained within input end seal chamber 30.
In the embodiments of
Recirculating system 50 provides a means for recirculating the gases from intermediary chamber 90 to drying chamber 20. Recirculating system 50 may comprise duct 52 connected to the input end of intermediary chamber 90. Duct 52 longitudinally extends from the input end of intermediary chamber 90 through drying chamber 20 towards the input end. The duct 52 may be connected to the input end seal chamber. Duct 52 is connected below at least one inlet cone 28 via the corresponding connector 54. Inlet cone 28 and corresponding connector 54 provide a flow path to corresponding fan 26. Recirculating system 50 may comprise an airflow controller 60 for adjusting the rate of recirculation as a function of the pressure differential sensed using pressure sensors 70 located within drying chamber 20, intermediary chamber 90, and external to dryer 10.
Throughout the following description specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding to persons skilled in the art. However, well known elements may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the disclosure. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.
While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.
