Patent Grant
11401526
The contents of the text file submitted electronically herewith are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: A computer readable format copy of the Sequence Listing filename: ALRO_007_12US_SeqList_ST25.txt, date recorded: Jul. 9, 2021, file size≈155 kilobytes.
The present disclosure generally relates to recombinant milk proteins, and methods of production, extraction, and purification of the milk proteins from transgenic plants. The disclosure also relates to food compositions comprising recombinant milk proteins.
Globally, more than 7.5 billion people around the world consume milk and milk products. Demand for cow milk and dairy products is expected to keep increasing due to increased reliance on these products in developing countries as well as growth in the human population, which is expected to exceed 9 billion people by 2050.
Relying on animal agriculture to meet the growing demand for food is not a sustainable solution. According to the Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, animal agriculture is responsible for 18% of all greenhouse gases, more than the entire transportation sector combined. Dairy cows alone account for 3% of this total.
In addition to impacting the environment, animal agriculture poses a serious risk to human health. A startling 80% of antibiotics used in the United States go towards treating animals, resulting in the development of antibiotic resistant microorganisms also known as superbugs. For years, food companies and farmers have administered antibiotics not only to sick animals, but also to healthy animals, to prevent illness. In September 2016, the United Nations announced the use of antibiotics in the food system as a crisis on par with Ebola and HIV.
It is estimated that cow milk accounts for 83% of global milk production. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for to provide bovine milk and/or essential high-quality proteins from bovine milk in a more sustainable and humane manner, instead of solely relying on animal farming. Also, there is a need for selectively producing the specific milk proteins that confer nutritional and clinical benefits, and/or do not provoke allergic responses.
Provided herein are compositions and methods for producing milk proteins in transgenic plants. In some embodiments, a milk protein is stably expressed in a transgenic plant by fusing it to a stable protein, such as a stable mammalian, avian, plant or fungal protein. The compositions and methods provided herein allow for safe, sustainable and humane production of milk proteins for commercial use, such as use in food compositions.
In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a stably transformed plant comprising in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein; wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a stably transformed plant, comprising in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising: κ-casein; and β-lactoglobulin; wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a recombinant fusion protein comprising: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein.
In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein, comprising: κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin.
Also provided are nucleic acids encoding the recombinant fusion proteins described herein.
Also provided are vectors comprising a nucleic acid encoding one or more recombinant fusion proteins described herein, wherein the recombinant fusion protein comprises: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein.
Also provided are plants comprising the recombinant fusion proteins and/or the nucleic acids described herein.
The instant disclosure also provides a method for stably expressing a recombinant fusion protein in a plant, the method comprising: a) transforming a plant with a plant transformation vector comprising an expression cassette comprising: a sequence encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises an unstructured milk protein, and a structured animal protein; and b) growing the transformed plant under conditions wherein the recombinant fusion protein is expressed in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
Also provided herein are methods for making food compositions, the methods comprising: expressing the recombinant fusion protein in a plant; extracting the recombinant fusion protein from the plant; optionally, separating the milk protein from the structured animal protein or the structured plant protein; and creating a food composition using the milk protein or the fusion protein.
Also provided herein are food compositions comprising one or more recombinant fusion proteins as described herein.
Also provided are food compositions produced using any one of the methods disclosed herein.
These and other embodiments are described in detail below.
The accompanying figures, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate some, but not the only or exclusive, example embodiments and/or features. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than limiting.
The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present disclosure. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed disclosures, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
While the following terms are believed to be well understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the following definitions are set forth to facilitate explanation of the presently disclosed subject matter.
All technical and scientific terms used herein, unless otherwise defined below, are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. References to techniques employed herein are intended to refer to the techniques as commonly understood in the art, including variations on those techniques and/or substitutions of equivalent techniques that would be apparent to one of skill in the art.
As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the: include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The term “about” or “approximately” when immediately preceding a numerical value means a range (e.g., plus or minus 10% of that value). For example, “about 50” can mean 45 to 55, “about 25,000” can mean 22,500 to 27,500, etc., unless the context of the disclosure indicates otherwise, or is inconsistent with such an interpretation. For example, in a list of numerical values such as “about 49, about 50, about 55, . . . ”, “about 50” means a range extending to less than half the interval(s) between the preceding and subsequent values, e.g., more than 49.5 to less than 52.5. Furthermore, the phrases “less than about” a value or “greater than about” a value should be understood in view of the definition of the term “about” provided herein. Similarly, the term “about” when preceding a series of numerical values or a range of values (e.g., “about 10, 20, 30” or “about 10-30”) refers, respectively to all values in the series, or the endpoints of the range.
As used herein, “mammalian milk” can refer to milk derived from any mammal, such as bovine, human, goat, sheep, camel, buffalo, water buffalo, dromedary, llama and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a mammalian milk is a bovine milk.
As used herein, “structured” refers to those proteins having a well-defined secondary and tertiary structure, and “unstructured” refers to proteins that do not have well defined secondary and/or tertiary structures. An unstructured protein may also be described as lacking a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure. “Disordered” and “intrinsically disordered” are synonymous with unstructured.
As used herein, “rennet” refers to a set of enzymes typically produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals. Chymosin, its key component, is a protease enzyme that cleaves κ-casein (to produce para-κ-casein). In addition to chymosin, rennet contains other enzymes, such as pepsin and lipase. Rennet is used to separate milk into solid curds (for cheese making) and liquid whey. Rennet or rennet substitutes are used in the production of most cheeses.
As used herein “whey” refers to the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained, for example during cheese making. Whey comprises a collection of globular proteins, typically a mixture of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulins.
The term “plant” includes reference to whole plants, plant organs, plant tissues, and plant cells and progeny of same, but is not limited to angiosperms and gymnosperms such as Arabidopsis, potato, tomato, tobacco, alfalfa, lettuce, carrot, strawberry, sugarbeet, cassava, sweet potato, soybean, lima bean, pea, chick pea, maize (corn), turf grass, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum, oat, oak, eucalyptus, walnut, palm and duckweed as well as fern and moss. Thus, a plant may be a monocot, a dicot, a vascular plant reproduced from spores such as fern or a nonvascular plant such as moss, liverwort, hornwort and algae. The word “plant,” as used herein, also encompasses plant cells, seeds, plant progeny, propagule whether generated sexually or asexually, and descendants of any of these, such as cuttings or seed. Plant cells include suspension cultures, callus, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue, leaves, roots, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, seeds and microspores. Plants may be at various stages of maturity and may be grown in liquid or solid culture, or in soil or suitable media in pots, greenhouses or fields. Expression of an introduced leader, trailer or gene sequences in plants may be transient or permanent.
The term “vascular plant” refers to a large group of plants that are defined as those land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant and a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta. Vascular plants are distinguished by two primary characteristics. First, vascular plants have vascular tissues which distribute resources through the plant. This feature allows vascular plants to evolve to a larger size than non-vascular plants, which lack these specialized conducting tissues and are therefore restricted to relatively small sizes. Second, in vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the sporophyte, which is usually diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell. Only the germ cells and gametophytes are haploid. By contrast, the principal generation phase in non-vascular plants is the gametophyte, which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. In these plants, only the spore stalk and capsule are diploid.
The term “non-vascular plant” refers to a plant without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Many non-vascular plants have simpler tissues that are specialized for internal transport of water. For example, mosses and leafy liverworts have structures that look like leaves, but are not true leaves because they are single sheets of cells with no stomata, no internal air spaces and have no xylem or phloem. Non-vascular plants include two distantly related groups. The first group are the bryophytes, which is further categorized as three separate land plant Divisions, namely Bryophyta (mosses), Marchantiophyta (liverworts), and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). In all bryophytes, the primary plants are the haploid gametophytes, with the only diploid portion being the attached sporophyte, consisting of a stalk and sporangium. Because these plants lack lignified water-conducting tissues, they can't become as tall as most vascular plants. The second group is the algae, especially the green algae, which consists of several unrelated groups. Only those groups of algae included in the Viridiplantae are still considered relatives of land plants.
The term “plant part” refers to any part of a plant including but not limited to the embryo, shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, flower bud, flower, ovule, bract, trichome, branch, petiole, internode, bark, pubescence, tiller, rhizome, frond, blade, ovule, pollen, stamen, and the like. The two main parts of plants grown in some sort of media, such as soil or vermiculite, are often referred to as the “above-ground” part, also often referred to as the “shoots”, and the “below-ground” part, also often referred to as the “roots”.
The term “plant tissue” refers to any part of a plant, such as a plant organ. Examples of plant organs include, but are not limited to the leaf, stem, root, tuber, seed, branch, pubescence, nodule, leaf axil, flower, pollen, stamen, pistil, petal, peduncle, stalk, stigma, style, bract, fruit, trunk, carpel, sepal, anther, ovule, pedicel, needle, cone, rhizome, stolon, shoot, pericarp, endosperm, placenta, berry, stamen, and leaf sheath.
The term “seed” is meant to encompass the whole seed and/or all seed components, including, for example, the coleoptile and leaves, radicle and coleorhiza, scutellum, starchy endosperm, aleurone layer, pericarp and/or testa, either during seed maturation and seed germination.
The term “transgenic plant” means a plant that has been transformed with one or more exogenous nucleic acids. “Transformation” refers to a process by which a nucleic acid is stably integrated into the genome of a plant cell. “Stably integrated” refers to the permanent, or non-transient retention and/or expression of a polynucleotide in and by a cell genome. Thus, a stably integrated polynucleotide is one that is a fixture within a transformed cell genome and can be replicated and propagated through successive progeny of the cell or resultant transformed plant. Transformation may occur under natural or artificial conditions using various methods well known in the art. Transformation may rely on any known method for the insertion of nucleic acid sequences into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols, viral infection, whiskers, electroporation, heat shock, lipofection, polyethylene glycol treatment, micro-injection, and particle bombardment.
As used herein, the terms “stably expressed” or “stable expression” refer to expression and accumulation of a protein in a plant cell over time. In some embodiments, a protein may accumulate because it is not degraded by endogenous plant proteases. In some embodiments, a protein is considered to be stably expressed in a plant if it is present in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
As used herein, the term “fusion protein” refers to a protein comprising at least two constituent proteins (or fragments or variants thereof) that are encoded by separate genes, and that have been joined so that they are transcribed and translated as a single polypeptide. In some embodiments, a fusion protein may be separated into its constituent proteins, for example by cleavage with a protease.
The term “recombinant” refers to nucleic acids or proteins formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (e.g., molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome. A recombinant fusion protein is a protein created by combining sequences encoding two or more constituent proteins, such that they are expressed as a single polypeptide. Recombinant fusion proteins may be expressed in vivo in various types of host cells, including plant cells, bacterial cells, fungal cells, mammalian cells, etc. Recombinant fusion proteins may also be generated in vitro.
The term “promoter” or a “transcription regulatory region” refers to nucleic acid sequences that influence and/or promote initiation of transcription. Promoters are typically considered to include regulatory regions, such as enhancer or inducer elements. The promoter will generally be appropriate to the host cell in which the target gene is being expressed. The promoter, together with other transcriptional and translational regulatory nucleic acid sequences (also termed “control sequences”), is necessary to express any given gene. In general, the transcriptional and translational regulatory sequences include, but are not limited to, promoter sequences, ribosomal binding sites, transcriptional start and stop sequences, translational start and stop sequences, and enhancer or activator sequences.
The term signal peptide—also known as “signal sequence”, “targeting signal”, “localization signal”, “localization sequence”, “transit peptide”, “leader sequence”, or “leader peptide”, is used herein to refer to an N-terminal peptide which directs a newly synthesized protein to a specific cellular location or pathway. Signal peptides are often cleaved from a protein during translation or transport, and are therefore not typically present in a mature protein.
The term “proteolysis” or “proteolytic” or “proteolyze” means the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalyzed hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow. Proteolysis is typically catalyzed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically. Limited proteolysis of a polypeptide during or after translation in protein synthesis often occurs for many proteins. This may involve removal of the N-terminal methionine, signal peptide, and/or the conversion of an inactive or non-functional protein to an active one.
The term “2A peptide”, used herein, refers to nucleic acid sequence encoding a 2A peptide or the 2A peptide itself. The average length of 2A peptides is 18-22 amino acids. The designation “2A” refers to a specific region of picornavirus polyproteins and arose from a systematic nomenclature adopted by researchers. In foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of Picornaviridae family, a 2A sequence appears to have the unique capability to mediate cleavage at its own C-terminus by an apparently enzyme-independent, novel type of reaction. This sequence can also mediate cleavage in a heterologous protein context in a range of eukaryotic expression systems. The 2A sequence is inserted between two genes of interest, maintaining a single open reading frame. Efficient cleavage of the polyprotein can lead to co-ordinate expression of active two proteins of interest. Self-processing polyproteins using the FMDV 2A sequence could therefore provide a system for ensuring coordinated, stable expression of multiple introduced proteins in cells including plant cells.
The term “purifying” is used interchangeably with the term “isolating” and generally refers to the separation of a particular component from other components of the environment in which it was found or produced. For example, purifying a recombinant protein from plant cells in which it was produced typically means subjecting transgenic protein containing plant material to biochemical purification and/or column chromatography.
When referring to expression of a protein in a specific amount per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant (“TSP”), it is meant an amount of a protein of interest relative to the total amount of protein that may reasonably be extracted from a plant using standard methods. Methods for extracting total protein from a plant are known in the art. For example, total protein may be extracted from seeds by bead beating seeds at about 15000 rpm for about 1 min. The resulting powder may then be resuspended in an appropriate buffer (e.g., 50 mM Carbonate-Bicarbonate pH 10.8, 1 mM DTT, 1× Protease Inhibitor Cocktail). After the resuspended powder is incubated at about 4° C. for about 15 minutes, the supernatant may be collected after centrifuging (e.g., at 4000 g, 20 min, 4° C.). Total protein may be measured using standard assays, such as a Bradford assay. The amount of protein of interest may be measured using methods known in the art, such as an ELISA or a Western Blot.
When referring to a nucleic acid sequence or protein sequence, the term “identity” is used to denote similarity between two sequences. Sequence similarity or identity may be determined using standard techniques known in the art, including, but not limited to, the local sequence identity algorithm of Smith & Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2, 482 (1981), by the sequence identity alignment algorithm of Needleman & Wunsch, J Mol. Biol. 48,443 (1970), by the search for similarity method of Pearson & Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2444 (1988), by computerized implementations of these algorithms (GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Drive, Madison, Wis.), the Best Fit sequence program described by Devereux et al., Nucl. Acid Res. 12, 387-395 (1984), or by inspection. Another suitable algorithm is the BLAST algorithm, described in Altschul et al., J Mol. Biol. 215, 403-410, (1990) and Karlin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 5873-5787 (1993). A particularly useful BLAST program is the WU-BLAST-2 program which was obtained from Altschul et al., Methods in Enzymology, 266, 460-480 (1996); blast.wustl/edu/blast/README.html. WU-BLAST-2 uses several search parameters, which are optionally set to the default values. The parameters are dynamic values and are established by the program itself depending upon the composition of the particular sequence and composition of the particular database against which the sequence of interest is being searched; however, the values may be adjusted to increase sensitivity. Further, an additional useful algorithm is gapped BLAST as reported by Altschul et al, (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3389-3402. As used herein, the terms “dicot” or “dicotyledon” or “dicotyledonous” refer to a flowering plant whose embryos have two seed leaves or cotyledons. Examples of dicots include, but are not limited to, Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, potato, sweet potato, cassava, alfalfa, lima bean, pea, chick pea, soybean, carrot, strawberry, lettuce, oak, maple, walnut, rose, mint, squash, daisy, Quinoa, buckwheat, mung bean, cow pea, lentil, lupin, peanut, fava bean, French beans (i.e., common beans), mustard, or cactus.
The terms “monocot” or “monocotyledon” or “monocotyledonous” refer to a flowering plant whose embryos have one cotyledon or seed leaf. Examples of monocots include, but are not limited to turf grass, maize (corn), rice, oat, wheat, barley, sorghum, orchid, iris, lily, onion, palm, and duckweed.
As used herein, a “low lactose product” is any food composition considered by the FDA to be “lactose reduced”, “low lactose”, or “lactose free”.
Unstructured Milk Proteins
The fusion proteins described herein may comprise one or more unstructured milk proteins. As used herein the term “milk protein” refers to any protein, or fragment or variant thereof, that is typically found in one or more mammalian milks. Examples of mammalian milk include, but are not limited to, milk produced by a cow, human, goat, sheep, camel, horse, donkey, dog, cat, elephant, monkey, mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, whale, dolphin, seal, sheep, buffalo, water buffalo, dromedary, llama, yak, zebu, reindeer, mole, otter, weasel, wolf, raccoon, walrus, polar bear, rabbit, or giraffe.
An “unstructured milk protein” is a milk protein that lacks a defined secondary structure, a defined tertiary structure, or a defined secondary and tertiary structure. Whether a milk protein is unstructured may be determined using a variety of biophysical and biochemical methods known in the art, such as small angle X-ray scattering, Raman optical activity, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and protease sensitivity. In some embodiments, a milk protein is considered to be unstructured if it is unable to be crystallized using standard techniques.
Illustrative unstructured milk proteins that may be used in the fusion proteins of the disclosure includes members of the casein family of proteins, such as α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, and κ-casein. The caseins are phosphoproteins, and make up approximately 80% of the protein content in bovine milk and about 20-45% of the protein in human milk. Caseins form a multi-molecular, granular structure called a casein micelle in which some enzymes, water, and salts, such as calcium and phosphorous, are present. The micellar structure of casein in milk is significant in terms of a mode of digestion of milk in the stomach and intestine and a basis for separating some proteins and other components from cow milk. In practice, casein proteins in bovine milk can be separated from whey proteins by acid precipitation of caseins, by breaking the micellar structure by partial hydrolysis of the protein molecules with proteolytic enzymes, or microfiltration to separate the smaller soluble whey proteins from the larger casein micelle. Caseins are relatively hydrophobic, making them poorly soluble in water.
In some embodiments, the casein proteins described herein (e.g., α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, and/or κ-casein) are isolated or derived from cow (Bos taurus), goat (Capra hircus), sheep (Ovis aries), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries), bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), wild yak (Bos mutus), horse (Equus caballus), donkey (Equus asinus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), eurasian elk (Alces alces), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), zebu (Bos indicus), llama (Lama glama), or human (Homo sapiens). In some embodiments, a casein protein (e.g., α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein) has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity with a casein protein from one or more of cow (Bos taurus), goat (Capra hircus), sheep (Ovis aries), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries), bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), wild yak (Bos mutus), horse (Equus caballus), donkey (Equus asinus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), eurasian elk (Alces alces), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), zebu (Bos indicus), llama (Lama glama), or human (Homo sapiens).
As used herein, the term “α-S1 casein” refers to not only the α-S1 casein protein, but also fragments or variants thereof. α-S1 casein is found in the milk of numerous different mammalian species, including cow, goat, and sheep. The sequence, structure and physical/chemical properties of α-S1 casein derived from various species is highly variable. An exemplary sequence for bovine α-S1 casein can be found at Uniprot Accession No. P02662, and an exemplary sequence for goat α-S1 casein can be found at GenBank Accession No. X59836.1.
As used herein, the term “α-S2 casein” refers to not only the α-S2 casein protein, but also fragments or variants thereof α-S2 is known as epsilon-casein in mouse, gamma-casein in rat, and casein-A in guinea pig. The sequence, structure and physical/chemical properties of α-S2 casein derived from various species is highly variable. An exemplary sequence for bovine α-S2 casein can be found at Uniprot Accession No. P02663, and an exemplary sequence for goat α-S2 casein can be found at Uniprot Accession No. P33049.
As used herein, the term “β-casein” refers to not only the β-casein protein, but also fragments or variants thereof. For example, A1 and A2 β-casein are genetic variants of the β-casein milk protein that differ by one amino acid (at amino acid 67, A2 β-casein has a proline, whereas A1 has a histidine). Other genetic variants of β-casein include the A3, B, C, D, E, F, H1, H2, I and G genetic variants. The sequence, structure and physical/chemical properties of β-casein derived from various species is highly variable. Exemplary sequences for bovine β-casein can be found at Uniprot Accession No. P02666 and GenBank Accession No. M15132.1.
As used herein, the term “κ-casein” refers to not only the κ-casein protein, but also fragments or variants thereof. κ-casein is cleaved by rennet, which releases a macropeptide from the C-terminal region. The remaining product with the N-terminus and two-thirds of the original peptide chain is referred to as para-κ-casein. The sequence, structure and physical/chemical properties of κ-casein derived from various species is highly variable. Exemplary sequences for bovine κ-casein can be found at Uniprot Accession No. P02668 and GenBank Accession No. CAA25231.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is a casein protein, for example, α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, and or κ-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is para-κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is β-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 84, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 84.
In some embodiments, α-S1 casein is encoded by the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, α-S2 casein is encoded by the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, β-casein is encoded by the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, κ-casein is encoded by the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, para-κ-casein is encoded by the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is encoded by a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is encoded by a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 83. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is encoded by a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is encoded by a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is encoded by a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is a casein protein, and comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 85-133. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is a casein protein and comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 85-133.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 85-98. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 85-98.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 99-109. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 99-109.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 110-120. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 110-120.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises a sequence that is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 121-133. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 121-133.
Structured Proteins
The fusion proteins described herein may comprise one or more structured proteins, including any fragment or variant thereof. The proteins may be, for example, structured animal proteins, or structured plant proteins. In some embodiments, the structured animal proteins are mammalian proteins. In some embodiments, the structured animal proteins are avian proteins. In some embodiments, the structured proteins are structured milk proteins.
Whether a milk protein is structured may be determined using a variety of biophysical and biochemical methods known in the art, such as small angle X-ray scattering, Raman optical activity, circular dichroism, and protease sensitivity. In some embodiments, a milk protein is considered to be structured if it has been crystallized or if it may be crystallized using standard techniques.
In some embodiments, the structured protein is not a protein that is typically used as a marker. As used herein, the term “marker” refers to a protein that produces a visual or other signal and is used to detect successful delivery of a vector (e.g., a DNA sequence) into a cell. Proteins typically used as a marker may include, for example, fluorescent proteins (e.g., green fluorescent protein (GFP)) and bacterial or other enzymes (e.g., β-glucuronidase (GUS), β-galactosidase, luciferase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase). In some embodiments, the structured protein is a non-marker protein.
A non-limiting list of illustrative structured proteins that may be used in the fusion proteins described herein is provided in Table 1. In some embodiments, a fragment or variant of any one of the proteins listed in Table 1 may be used. In some embodiments, the structured protein may be an animal protein. For example, in some embodiments, the structured protein may be a mammalian protein. In some embodiments, the structured protein may be a plant protein. For example, the plant protein may be a protein that is not typically expressed in a seed. In some embodiments, the plant protein may be a storage protein, e.g., a protein that acts as a storage reserve for nitrogen, carbon, and/or sulfur. In some embodiments, the plant protein may inhibit one or more proteases. In some embodiments, the structured protein may be a fungal protein.
officinarum)
lycopersicum)
lycopersicum)
In some embodiments, the structured protein is an animal protein. In some embodiments, the structured protein is a mammalian protein. For example, the structured protein may be a mammalian protein selected from: β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, collagen, and an immunoglobulin (e.g., IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE). In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin and is encoded by the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 9, 11, 12, or 13, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 9, 11, 12, or 13. In some embodiments, the structured protein is an avian protein. For example, the structured protein may be an avian protein selected from: ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, lysozyme and ovoglobulin.
In some embodiments, the structured protein is a plant protein. For example, the structured protein may be a plant protein selected from: hydrophobin I, hydrophobin II, oleosins, leghemoglobin, extension-like protein family, prolamine, glutenin, gamma-kafirin preprotein, α-globulin, basic 7S globulin precursor, 2S albumin, β-conglycinins, glycinins, canein, zein, patatin, kunitz-trypsin inhibitor, bowman-birk inhibitor, and cystatine.
Fusion Proteins
Fusion Proteins Comprising an Unstructured Milk Protein and a Structured Animal (e.g., Mammalian) Protein
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein comprise (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein comprise (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured mammalian protein. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein comprise (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured avian protein. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein comprise (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured fungal protein.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins comprise an unstructured milk protein, such as a casein protein. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins comprise an unstructured milk protein selected from α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, and κ-casein. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins comprise an unstructured milk protein isolated or derived from cow (Bos taurus), goat (Capra hircus), sheep (Ovis aries), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries), bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), wild yak (Bos mutus), horse (Equus caballus), donkey (Equus asinus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), eurasian elk (Alces alces), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), zebu (Bos indicus), llama (Lama glama), or human (Homo sapiens). In some embodiments, the fusion proteins comprise a casein protein (e.g., α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein) from cow (Bos taurus), goat (Capra hircus), sheep (Ovis aries), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries), bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), wild yak (Bos mutus), horse (Equus caballus), donkey (Equus asinus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), eurasian elk (Alces alces), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), zebu (Bos indicus), llama (Lama glama), or human (Homo sapiens).
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein and comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 99-109, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 84, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein and comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 110-120, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is β-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is β-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is β-casein and comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 121-133, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein and comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 85-98, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is para-κ-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is para-κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, collagen, or an immunoglobulin (e.g., IgA, IgG, IgM, or IgE). In some embodiments, the structured avian protein is ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, lysozyme or ovoglobulin.
In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises a casein protein (e.g., κ-casein, para-κ-casein, β-casein, or α-S1 casein) and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin (see, e.g.,
In some embodiments, a plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein comprises κ-casein, or fragment thereof; and β-lactoglobulin, or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, the κ-casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
Fusion Protein Comprising an Unstructured Milk Protein and a Structured Plant Protein
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins described herein comprise (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured plant protein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is a casein protein, such as α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein. In some embodiments, the plant protein is selected from the group consisting of: hydrophobin I, hydrophobin II, oleosins, leghemoglobin, extension-like protein family, prolamine, glutenin, gamma-kafirin preprotein, α-globulin, basic 7S globulin precursor, 2S albumin, β-conglycinins, glycinins, canein, zein, patatin, kunitz-trypsin inhibitor, bowman-birk inhibitor, and cystatine.
Fusion Protein Structure
The fusion proteins described herein may have various different structures, in order to increase expression and/or accumulation in a plant or other host organism or cell. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, an unstructured milk protein and a structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, a structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein and a milk protein. For example, in some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, para-κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, β-lactoglobulin and para-κ-casein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, β-casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, β-lactoglobulin and β-casein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, α-S1 casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, β-lactoglobulin and α-S1 casein.
In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, an unstructured milk protein and a structured plant protein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, a structured plant protein and a milk protein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, a casein protein and a structured plant protein. In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, a structured plant protein and a casein protein.
In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site. For example, in some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises an endoprotease, endopeptidase, and/or endoproteinase cleavage site. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises a rennet cleavage site. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises a chymosin cleavage site. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises a trypsin cleavage site.
The protease cleavage site may be located between the unstructured milk protein and the structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein, or between the unstructured milk protein and the structured plant protein, such that cleavage of the protein at the protease cleavage site will separate the unstructured milk protein from the structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) or plant protein.
In some embodiments, the protease cleavage site may be contained within the sequence of either the milk protein or the structured animal (e.g., mammalian or animal) or plant protein. In some embodiments, the protease cleavage site may be added separately, for example, between the two proteins.
In some embodiments, a fusion protein comprises a linker between the unstructured milk protein and the structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein, or between the unstructured milk protein and the structured plant protein. In some embodiments, the linker may comprise a peptide sequence recognizable by an endoprotease. In some embodiments, the linker may comprise a protease cleavage site. In some embodiments, the linker may comprise a self-cleaving peptide, such as a 2A peptide.
In some embodiments, a fusion protein may comprise a signal peptide. The signal peptide may be cleaved from the fusion protein, for example, during processing or transport of the protein within the cell. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is located at the N-terminus of the fusion protein. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is located at the C-terminus of the fusion protein.
In some embodiments, the signal peptide is selected from the group consisting of GmSCB1, StPat21, 2Sss, Sig2, Sig12, Sig8, Sig10, Sig11, and Coixss. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is Sig10 and comprises SEQ ID NO: 15, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the signal peptide is Sig2 and comprises SEQ ID NO: 17, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137.
In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more amino acid substitutions.
In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins have a molecular weight in the range of about 1 kDa to about 500 kDa, about 1 kDa to about 250 kDa, about 1 to about 100 kDa, about 10 to about 50 kDa, about 1 to about 10 kDa, about 10 to about 200 kDa, about 30 to about 150 kDa, about 30 kDa to about 50 kDa, or about 20 to about 80 kDa.
Nucleic Acids Encoding Fusion Proteins and Vectors Comprising the Same
Also provided herein are nucleic acids encoding the fusion proteins of the disclosure, for example fusion proteins comprising an unstructured milk protein and a structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) or plant protein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acids are DNAs. In some embodiments, the nucleic acids are RNAs.
In some embodiments, a nucleic acid comprises a sequence encoding a fusion protein. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid comprises a sequence encoding a fusion protein, which is operably linked to a promoter. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid comprises, in order from 5′ to 3′, a promoter, a 5′ untranslated region (UTR), a sequence encoding a fusion protein, and a terminator.
The promoter may be a plant promoter. A “plant promoter” is a promoter capable of initiating transcription in plant cells. Examples of promoters under developmental control include promoters that preferentially initiate transcription in certain organs, such as leaves, roots, flowers, seeds and tissues such as fibers, xylem vessels, tracheids, or sclerenchyma. Such promoters are referred to as “tissue-preferred.” Promoters which initiate transcription only in certain tissue are referred to as “tissue-specific.” A “cell-type” specific promoter primarily drives expression in certain cell types in one or more organs, for example, vascular cells in leaves, roots, flowers, or seeds. An “inducible” promoter is a promoter which is under environmental control. Examples of environmental conditions that may affect transcription by inducible promoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light. Tissue-specific, tissue-preferred, cell-type specific, and inducible promoters constitute the class of “non-constitutive” promoters. A “constitutive” promoter is a promoter which is active under most environmental conditions.
In some embodiments, the promoter is a plant promoter derived from, for example soybean, lima bean, Arabidopsis, tobacco, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, wheat, pea, and/or oat. In some embodiments, the promoter is a constitutive or an inducible promoter. Exemplary constitutive promoters include, but are not limited to, the promoters from plant viruses such as the 35S promoter from CaMV and the promoters from such genes as rice actin; ubiquitin; pEMU; MAS and maize H3 histone. In some embodiments, the constitutive promoter is the ALS promoter, Xbal/Ncol fragment 5′ to the Brassica napus ALS3 structural gene (or a nucleotide sequence similarity to said Xbal/Ncol fragment).
In some embodiments, the promoter is a plant tissue-specific or tissue-preferential promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is isolated or derived from a soybean gene. Illustrative soybean tissue-specific promoters include AR-Pro1, AR-Pro2, AR-Pro3, AR-Pro4, AR-Pro5, AR-Pro6, AR-Pro7, AR-Pro8, and AR-Pro9.
In some embodiments, the plant is a seed-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the seed-specific promoter is selected from the group consisting of PvPhas, BnNap, AtOle1, GmSeed2, GmSeed3, GmSeed5, GmSeed6, GmSeed7, GmSeed8, GmSeed10, GmSeed11, GmSeed12, pBCON, GmCEP1-L, GmTHIC, GmBg7S1, GmGRD, GmOLEA, GmOLER, Gm2S-1, and GmBBld-II. In some embodiments, the seed-specific promoter is PvPhas and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the seed-specific promoter is GmSeed2 and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the promoter is a Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.
In some embodiments, the promoter is a soybean polyubiquitin (Gmubi) promoter, a soybean heat shock protein 90-like (GmHSP90L) promoter, a soybean Ethylene Response Factor (GmERF) promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a constitutive soybean promoter derived from GmScreamM1, GmScreamM4, GmScreamM8 genes or GmubiXL genes.
In some embodiments, the 5′ UTR is selected from the group consisting of Arc5 ‘UTR and glnBIUTR. In some embodiments, the 5’ untranslated region is Arc5′UTR and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the terminator sequence is isolated or derived from a gene encoding Nopaline synthase, Arc5-1, an Extensin, Rb7 matrix attachment region, a Heat shock protein, Ubiquitin 10, Ubiquitin 3, and M6 matrix attachment region. In some embodiments, the terminator sequence is isolated or derived from a Nopaline synthase gene and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a 3′ UTR. For example, the 3′ untranslated region may be Arc5-1 and comprise SEQ ID NO: 21, or a sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical thereto.
In some embodiments the nucleic acid comprises a gene encoding a selectable marker. One illustrative selectable marker gene for plant transformation is the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene, isolated from transposon Tn5, which, when placed under the control of plant regulatory signals, confers resistance to kanamycin. Another exemplary marker gene is the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. In some embodiments, the selectable marker is of bacterial origin and confers resistance to antibiotics such as gentamycin acetyl transferase, streptomycin phosphotransferase, and aminoglycoside-3′-adenyl transferase, the bleomycin resistance determinant. In some embodiments, the selectable marker genes confer resistance to herbicides such as glyphosate, glufosinate or bromoxynil. In some embodiments, the selectable marker is mouse dihydrofolate reductase, plant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and plant acetolactate synthase. In some embodiments, the selectable marker is acetolactate synthase (e.g., AtCsr1.2).
In some embodiments, a nucleic acid comprises an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. For example, in some embodiments, a nucleic acid comprises a KDEL sequence (SEQ ID NO: 23). In some embodiments, the nucleic acid may comprise an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal selected from any one of SEQ ID NO: 23-70.
Shown in Table 2 are exemplary promoters, 5′ UTRs, signal peptides, and terminators that may be used in the nucleic acids of the disclosure.
napus)
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis
thaliana)
Phaseolus vulgaris
lycopersicum)
Coix lacryma-job
job
Phaseolus vulgaris
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
Phaseolus vulgaris
Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana
Solanum tuberosum
Nicotiana tabacum
Illustrative nucleic acids of the disclosure are provided in
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises an expression cassette comprising a OKC1-T:OLG1 (Optimized Kappa Casein version 1:beta-lactoglobulin version 1) fusion driven by PvPhas promoter fused with arc5′UTR:sig10, followed by the ER retention signal (KDEL) and the 3′UTR of the arc5-1 gene, “arc-terminator” (See, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises an expression cassette comprising a OBC-T2:FM:OLG1 (Optimized Beta Casein Truncated version 2:Chymosin cleavage site:beta-lactoglobulin version 1) fusion driven by PvPhas promoter fused with arc5′UTR:sig10, followed by the 3′UTR of the arc5-1 gene, “arc-terminator” (See, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises an expression cassette comprising a OaS1-T:FM:OLG1 (Optimized Alpha S1 Casein Truncated version 1:Chymosin cleavage site:beta-lactoglobulin version 1) fusion driven by PvPhas promoter fused with arc5′UTR:sig10, followed by the 3′UTR of the arc5-1 gene, “arc-terminator” (See, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises an expression cassette comprising a para-OKC1-T:FM:OLG1:KDEL (Optimized paraKappa Casein version 1:Chymosin cleavage site:beta-lactoglobulin version 1) fusion driven by PvPhas promoter fused with arc5′UTR:sig 10, followed by the ER retention signal (KDEL) and the 3′UTR of the arc5-1 gene, “arc-terminator” (See, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises an expression cassette comprising a para-OKC1-T:FM:OLG1 (Optimized paraKappa Casein version 1:Chymosin cleavage site:beta-lactoglobulin version 1) fusion driven by PvPhas promoter fused with arc5′UTR:sig 10, followed by the 3′UTR of the arc5-1 gene, “arc-terminator” (See, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises an expression cassette comprising a OKC1-T-OLG1 (Optimized Kappa Casein version 1:beta-lactoglobulin version 1) fusion that is driven by the promoter and signal peptide of glycinin 1 (GmSeed2:sig2) followed by the ER retention signal (KDEL) and the nopaline synthase gene termination sequence (nos term) (See, e.g.,
In some embodiments, a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein comprises the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 134, or 136.
In some embodiments, the nucleic acids are codon optimized for expression in a host cell. Codon optimization is a process used to improve gene expression and increase the translational efficiency of a gene of interest by accommodating codon bias of the host organism (i.e., the organism in which the gene is expressed). Codon-optimized mRNA sequences that are produced using different programs or approaches can vary because different codon optimization strategies differ in how they quantify codon usage and implement codon changes. Some approaches use the most optimal (frequently used) codon for all instances of an amino acid, or a variation of this approach. Other approaches adjust codon usage so that it is proportional to the natural distribution of the host organism. These approaches include codon harmonization, which endeavors to identify and maintain regions of slow translation thought to be important for protein folding. Alternative approaches involve using codons thought to correspond to abundant tRNAs, using codons according to their cognate tRNA concentrations, selectively replacing rare codons, or avoiding occurrences of codon-pairs that are known to translate slowly. In addition to approaches that vary in the extent to which codon usage is considered as a parameter, there are hypothesis-free approaches that do not consider this parameter. Algorithms for performing codon optimization are known to those of skill in the art and are widely available on the Internet.
In some embodiments the nucleic acids are codon optimized for expression in a plant species. The plant species may be, for example, a monocot or a dicot. In some embodiments, the plant species is a dicot species selected from soybean, lima bean, Arabidopsis, tobacco, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, wheat and/or oat. In some embodiments, the plant species is soybean.
The nucleic acids of the disclosure may be contained within a vector. The vector may be, for example, a viral vector or a non-viral vector. In some embodiments, the non-viral vector is a plasmid, such as an Agrobacterium Ti plasmid. In some embodiments, the non-viral vector is a lipid nanoparticle.
In some embodiments, a vector comprises a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion protein, wherein the recombinant fusion protein comprises: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein. In some embodiments, the vector is an Agrobacterium Ti plasmid.
In some embodiments, a method for expressing a fusion protein in a plant comprises contacting the plant with a vector of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the method comprises maintaining the plant or part thereof under conditions in which the fusion protein is expressed.
Plants Expressing Fusion Proteins
Also provided herein are transgenic plants expressing one or more fusion proteins of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the transgenic plants stably express the fusion protein. In some embodiments, the transgenic plants stably express the fusion protein in the plant in an amount of at least 1% per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. For example, the transgenic plants may stably express the fusion protein in an amount of at least 1%, at least 1.5%, at least 2%, at least 2.5%, at least 3%, at least 3.5%, at least 4%, at least 4.5%, at least 5%, at least 5.5%, at least 6%, at least 6.5%, at least 7%, at least 7.5%, at least 8%, at least 8.5%, at least 9%, at least 9.5%, at least 10%, at least 10.5%, at least 11%, at least 11.5%, at least 12%, at least 12.5%, at least 13%, at least 13.5%, at least 14%, at least 14.5%, at least 15%, at least 15.5%, at least 16%, at least 16.5%, at least 17%, at least 17.5%, at least 18%, at least 18.5%, at least 19%, at least 19.5%, at least 20%, or more of total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, the transgenic plants stably express the fusion protein in an amount of less than about 1% of the total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the transgenic plants stably express the fusion protein in the range of about 1% to about 2%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 7%, about 7% to about 8%, about 8% to about 9%, about 9% to about 10%, about 10% to about 11%, about 11% to about 12%, about 12% to about 13%, about 13% to about 14%, about 14% to about 15%, about 15% to about 16%, about 16% to about 17%, about 17%, to about 18%, about 18% to about 19%, about 19% to about 20%, or more than about 20% of the total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, the transgenic plant stably express the fusion protein in an amount in the range of about 0.5% to about 3%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 2% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 10%, about 3% to about 10%, about 5 to about 12%, about 4% to about 10%, or about 5% to about 10%, about 4% to about 8%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 18%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 1% to about 20% of the total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, the fusion protein is expressed at a level at least 2-fold higher than an unstructured milk protein expressed individually in a plant. For example, in some embodiments, the fusion protein is expressed at a level at least 2-fold, at least 2.5-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 3.5-fold, at least 4-fold, at least 4.5-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 5.5-fold, at least 6-fold, at least 7-fold, at least 7.5-fold, at least 8-fold, at least 8.5-fold, at least 9-fold, at least 9.5-fold, at least 10-fold, at least 25-fold, at least 50-fold, or at least 100-fold higher than an unstructured milk protein expressed individually in a plant.
In some embodiments, the fusion protein accumulates in the plant at least 2-fold higher than an unstructured milk protein expressed without the structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein. For example, in some embodiments, the fusion protein accumulates in the plant at least 2-fold, at least 2.5-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 3.5-fold, at least 4-fold, at least 4.5-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 5.5-fold, at least 6-fold, at least 7-fold, at least 7.5-fold, at least 8-fold, at least 8.5-fold, at least 9-fold, at least 9.5-fold, at least 10-fold, at least 25-fold, at least 50-fold, or at least 100-fold higher than an unstructured milk protein expressed without the structured animal protein.
In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 2% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 3% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 4% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 5% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 6% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 7% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 8% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 9% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 10% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 11% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 12% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 13% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 14% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 15% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 16% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 17% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 18% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 19% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 20% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises from N-terminus to C-terminus, the unstructured milk protein and the animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, the structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein and the milk protein.
In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises an unstructured milk protein such as a casein protein. In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises an unstructured milk protein selected from α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, and κ-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 84, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is β-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is β-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is para-κ-casein. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is para-κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a structured mammalian protein selected from β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, collagen, and an immunoglobulin (e.g., IgA, IgG, IgM, or IgE). In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto. In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a structured avian protein selected from lysozyme, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and ovoglobulin.
In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a casein protein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises para-κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises β-casein and β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises α-S1 casein and β-lactoglobulin.
In some embodiments, a stably transformed plant comprises in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein; wherein the fusion protein comprises (1) κ-casein, and (ii) β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments; and wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant.
In some embodiments, the stably transformed plant is a monocot. For example, in some embodiments, the plant may be a monocot selected from turf grass, maize (corn), rice, oat, wheat, barley, sorghum, orchid, iris, lily, onion, palm, and duckweed.
In some embodiments, the stably transformed plant is a dicot. For example, in some embodiments, the plant may be a dicot selected from Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, potato, sweet potato, cassava, alfalfa, lima bean, pea, chick pea, soybean, carrot, strawberry, lettuce, oak, maple, walnut, rose, mint, squash, daisy, Quinoa, buckwheat, mung bean, cow pea, lentil, lupin, peanut, fava bean, French beans (i.e., common beans), mustard, or cactus. In some embodiments, the plant is a soybean (Glycine max).
In some embodiments, the plant is a non-vascular plant selected from moss, liverwort, hornwort or algae. In some embodiments, the plant is a vascular plant reproducing from spores (e.g., a fern).
In some embodiments, the recombinant DNA construct is codon-optimized for expression in the plant. For example, in some embodiments, the recombinant DNA construct is codon-optimized for expression in a soybean plant.
The transgenic plants described herein may be generated by various methods known in the art. For example, a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein may be contacted with a plant, or a part thereof, and the plant may then be maintained under conditions wherein the fusion protein is expressed. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is introduced into the plant, or part thereof, using one or more methods for plant transformation known in the art, such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, particle bombardment-medicated transformation, electroporation, and microinjection.
In some embodiments, a method for stably expressing a recombinant fusion protein in a plant comprises (i) transforming a plant with a plant transformation vector comprising an expression cassette comprising: a sequence encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises an unstructured milk protein, and a structured animal (e.g., mammalian or avian) protein; and (ii) growing the transformed plant under conditions wherein the recombinant fusion protein is expressed. In some embodiments, the recombinant fusion protein is expressed in an amount of 1% or higher per the total protein weight of the soluble protein extractable from the plant. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein. In some embodiments, the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin. In some embodiments, the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
Food Compositions Comprising a Fusion Protein
The fusion proteins and transgenic plants described herein may be used to prepare food compositions. The fusion protein may be used directly to prepare the food composition (i.e., in the form of a fusion protein), or the fusion protein may first be separated into its constituent proteins. For example, in some embodiments, a food composition may comprise either (i) a fusion protein, (ii) an unstructured milk protein, (iii) a structured mammalian, avian, or plant protein, or (iv) an unstructured milk protein and a structured mammalian, avian, or plant protein. An illustrative method for preparing a food composition of the disclosure is provided in
In some embodiments, the fusion proteins and transgenic plants described herein may be used to prepare a food composition selected from cheese and processed cheese products, yogurt and fermented dairy products, directly acidified counterparts of fermented dairy products, cottage cheese dressing, frozen dairy products, frozen desserts, desserts, baked goods, toppings, icings, fillings, low-fat spreads, dairy-based dry mixes, soups, sauces, salad dressing, geriatric nutrition, creams and creamers, analog dairy products, follow-up formula, baby formula, infant formula, milk, dairy beverages, acid dairy drinks, smoothies, milk tea, butter, margarine, butter alternatives, growing up milks, low-lactose products and beverages, medical and clinical nutrition products, protein/nutrition bar applications, sports beverages, confections, meat products, analog meat products, meal replacement beverages, and weight management food and beverages.
In some embodiments the fusion proteins and transgenic plants described herein may be used to prepare a dairy product. In some embodiments, the dairy product is a fermented dairy product. An illustrative list of fermented dairy products includes cultured buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, skyr, leben, lassi, or kefir. In some embodiments the fusion proteins and transgenic plants described herein may be used to prepare cheese products.
In some embodiments the fusion proteins and transgenic plants described herein may be used to prepare a powder containing a milk protein. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins and transgenic plants described herein may be used to prepare a low-lactose product.
In some embodiments, a method for making a food composition comprises, expressing a recombinant fusion protein of the disclosure in a plant, extracting the recombinant fusion protein from the plant, optionally separating the milk protein from the structured mammalian or plant protein, and creating a food composition using the fusion protein and/or the milk protein.
The recombinant fusion proteins may be extracted from a plant using standard methods known in the art. For example, the fusion proteins may be extracted using solvent or aqueous extraction. In some embodiments, the fusion proteins may be extracted using phenol extraction. Once extracted, the fusion proteins may be maintained in a buffered environment (e.g., Tris, MOPS, HEPES), in order to avoid sudden changes in the pH. The fusion proteins may also be maintained at a particular temperature, such as 4° C. In some embodiments, one or more additives may be used to aid the extraction process (e.g., salts, protease/peptidase inhibitors, osmolytes, reducing agents, etc.)
In some embodiments, a method for making a food composition comprises, expressing a recombinant fusion protein of the disclosure in a plant, extracting one or both of the unstructured milk protein and the structured mammalian or plant protein from the plant, and creating a food composition using the milk protein.
In some embodiments, the milk protein and the structured mammalian or plant protein are separated from one another in the plant cell, prior to extraction. In some embodiments, the milk protein is separated from the structured mammalian or plant protein after extraction, for example by contacting the fusion protein with an enzyme that cleaves the fusion protein. The enzyme may be, for example, chymosin. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is cleaved using rennet.
All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. However, mention of any reference, article, publication, patent, patent publication, and patent application cited herein is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that they constitute valid prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in any country in the world, or that they disclose essential matter.
The following experiments demonstrate different recombinant fusion constructs of milk proteins and structured proteins, as well as methods of testing and producing the recombinant proteins, and food compositions produced from the extracted protein. While the examples below describe expression in soybean, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the constructs and methods disclosed herein may be tailored for expression in any organism.
Binary Vector Design
While a number of vectors may be utilized for expression of the fusion proteins disclosed herein, the example constructs described below were built in the binary pCAMBIA3300 (Creative Biogene, VET1372) vector, which was customized for soybean transformation and selection. In order to modify the vector, pCAMBIA3300 was digested with HindIII and AseI allowing the release of the vector backbone (LB T-DNA repeat_KanR_pBR322 ori_pBR322 bom_pVS1 oriV_pVs1 repA_pVS1 StaA_RB T-DNA repeat). The 6598 bp vector backbone was gel extracted and a synthesized multiple cloning site (MCS) was ligated via In-Fusion cloning (In-Fusion® HD Cloning System CE, available on the world wide web at clontech.com) to allow modular vector modifications. A cassette containing the Arabidopsis thaliana Csr1.2 gene for acetolactate synthase was added to the vector backbone to be used as a marker for herbicide selection of transgenic plants. In order to build this cassette, the regulatory sequences from Solanum tuberosum ubiquitin/ribosomal fusion protein promoter (StUbi3 prom; −1 to −922 bp) and terminator (StUbi3 term; 414 bp) (GenBank accession no. L22576.1) were fused to the mutant (S653N) acetolactate synthase gene (Csr1.2; GenBank accession no. X51514.1) (Sathasivan et al, 1990; Ding et al, 2006) to generate imazapyr-resistant traits in soybean plants. The selectable marker cassette was introduced into the digested (EcoRI) modified vector backbone via In-Fusion cloning to form vector pAR15-00 (
Recombinant DNA constructs were designed to express milk proteins (intrinsically unstructured and structured) in transgenic plants. The coding regions of the expression cassettes outlined below contain a fusion of codon-optimized nucleic acid sequences encoding bovine milk proteins, or a functional fragment thereof. To enhance protein expression in soybean, the nucleic acid sequences encoding β-lactoglobulin (GenBank accession no. X14712.1) κ-casein (GenBank accession no. CAA25231), β-casein (GenBank accession no. M15132.1), and αS1-casein (GenBank accession no. X59836.1) were codon optimized using Glycine max codon bias and synthesized (available on the world wide web at idtdna.com/CodonOpt). The signal sequences were removed (i.e., making the constructs “truncated”) and the new versions of the genes were renamed as OLG1 (β-lactoglobulin version 1, SEQ ID NO: 9), OLG2 (β-lactoglobulin version 2, SEQ ID NO: 11), OLG3 (β-lactoglobulin version 3, SEQ ID NO: 12), OLG4 (β-lactoglobulin version 4, SEQ ID NO: 13), OKC1-T (Optimized κ-casein Truncated version 1, SEQ ID NO: 3), paraOKC1-T (only the para-κ portion of OKC1-T, SEQ ID NO: 1), OBC-T2 (Optimized β-casein Truncated version 2, SEQ ID NO: 5), and OaS1-T (Optimized αS1-casein Truncated version 1, SEQ ID NO: 7). As will be understood by those skilled in the art, any codon optimized nucleic acid sequences can present from 60% to 100% identity to the native version of the nucleic acid sequence.
All the expression cassettes described below and shown in
κ-casein-β-lactoglobulin Fusion with KDEL
Shown in
β-casein-β-lactoglobulin Fusion with Linker
Shown in
αS1-casein-β-lactoglobulin Fusion with Linker
Shown in
Para-κ-casein-β-lactoglobulin Fusion with Linker and KDEL
Shown in
Para-κ-casein-β-lactoglobulin Fusion with Linker
Shown in
Fusion Protein with Seed2 Promoter, Sig2 and Nopaline Synthase Terminator
Shown in
To quantify recombinant protein expression levels, DNA constructs such as those shown in
Genomic DNA was quantified by the Quant-iT PicoGreen (product #P7589: ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass., USA) assay as described by manufacturer, and 150 ng of DNA was digested overnight with EcoRI, HindIII, NcoI, and/or KpnI, 30 ng of which was used for a BioRad ddPCR reaction, including labelled FAM or HEX probes for the transgene and Lectin1 endogenous gene respectively. Transgene copy number (CNV) was calculated by comparing the measured transgene concentration to the reference gene concentration. A CNV of greater than or equal to one was deemed acceptable.
Preparation of Total Soluble Protein Samples
Total soluble soybean protein fractions were prepared from the seeds of transgenic events by bead beating seeds (seeds collected about 90 days after germination) at 15000 rpm for 1 min. The resulting powder was resuspended in 50 mM Carbonate-Bicarbonate pH 10.8, 1 mM DTT, 1×HALT Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Product #78438 ThermoFisher Scientific). The resuspended powder was incubated at 4° C. for 15 minutes and then the supernatant collected after centrifuging twice at 4000 g, 20 min, 4° C. Protein concentration was measured using a modified Bradford assay (Thermo Scientific Pierce 660 nm assay; Product #22660 ThermoFisher Scientific) using a bovine serum albumin (BSA) standard curve.
Recombinant Protein Quantification Via Western Blot Densitometry
SDS-PAGE was performed according to manufacturer's instructions (Product #5678105BioRad, Hercules, Calif., USA) under denaturing and reducing conditions. 5 ug of total protein extracts were loaded per lane. For immunoblotting proteins separated by SD S-PAGE were transferred to a PVDF membrane using Trans-Blot® Turbo™ Midi PVDF Transfer Packs (Product #1704157 BioRad) according to manufacturer's guidelines. Membranes were blocked with 3% BSA in phosphate buffered saline with 0.5% Tween-20, reacted with antigen specific antibody and subsequently reacted with fluorescent goat anti rabbit IgG (Product #60871 BioRad, Calif.). Membranes were scanned according to manufacturer's instructions using the ChemiDoc MP Imaging System (BioRad, Calif.) and analyzed using ImageLab Version 6.0.1 Standard Edition (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.). Recombinant protein from the seeds of transgenic events was quantified by densitometry from commercial reference protein spike-in standards.
Shown in
Other combinations of structured and unstructured proteins were tested and evaluated for the percentage of recombinant protein. Cassettes having the same promoter (Seed2-sig), signal peptide (EUT:Rb7T), and in some instances a different terminator, were built with either α-S1-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, or the fusion of β-lactoglobulin with κ-casein (kCN-LG) (See
1As used in Table 3, the each “event” refers to an independent transgenic line.
As will be readily understood by those of skill in the art, T-DNA insertion into the plant genome is a random process and each T-DNA lands at an unpredictable genomic position. Hence, each of the 23 events generated in Table 3 for the fusion protein have different genomic insertion loci. The genomic context greatly influences the expression levels of a gene, and each loci will be either favorable or unfavorable for the expression of the recombinant genes. The variability observed at the protein level is a reflection of that random insertion process, and explains why 12 out of 23 events present expression levels below 1%.
The transgenic plants expressing the recombinant fusion proteins described herein can produce milk proteins for the purpose of food industrial, non-food industrial, pharmaceutical, and commercial uses described in this disclosure. An illustrative method for making a food composition is provided in
A fusion protein comprising an unstructured milk protein (para-κ-casein) and a structured mammalian protein (β-lactoglobulin) is expressed in a transgenic soybean plant. The fusion protein comprises a chymosin cleavage site between the para-κ-casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
The fusion protein is extracted from the plant. The fusion protein is then treated with chymosin, to separate the para-κ-casein from the β-lactoglobulin. The para-κ-casein is isolated and/or purified and used to make a food composition (e.g., cheese).
Notwithstanding the appended claims, the following numbered embodiments also form part of the instant disclosure.
1. A stably transformed plant comprising in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein; wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
2. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 1, wherein the fusion protein comprises, from N-terminus to C-terminus, the unstructured milk protein and the animal protein.
3. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-2, wherein the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein.
4. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 1, wherein the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
5. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 1, wherein the unstructured milk protein is para-κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
6. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 1, wherein the unstructured milk protein is β-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
7. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 1, wherein the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
8. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 1, wherein the unstructured milk protein is α-S2 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 84, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
9. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the structured animal protein is a structured mammalian protein.
10. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 9, wherein the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, collagen, or an immunoglobulin.
11. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 9, wherein the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
12. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the structured animal protein is a structured avian protein.
13. The stably transformed plant embodiment 12, wherein the structured avian protein is ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, lysozyme or ovoglobulin.
14. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 9, wherein the milk protein is κ-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
15. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 9, wherein the milk protein is para-K-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
16. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 9, wherein the milk protein is β-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
17. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 9, wherein the milk protein is α-S1 casein or α-S2 casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
18. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the plant is a dicot.
19. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 18, wherein the dicot is Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, potato, sweet potato, cassava, alfalfa, lima bean, pea, chick pea, soybean, carrot, strawberry, lettuce, oak, maple, walnut, rose, mint, squash, daisy, Quinoa, buckwheat, mung bean, cow pea, lentil, lupin, peanut, fava bean, French beans (i.e., common beans), mustard, or cactus.
20. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the plant is soybean.
21. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein the recombinant DNA construct is codon-optimized for expression in the plant.
22. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-21, wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
23. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 22, wherein the protease cleavage site is a chymosin cleavage site.
24. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-23, wherein the fusion protein is expressed at a level at least 2-fold higher than an unstructured milk protein expressed individually in a plant.
25. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 1-24, wherein the fusion protein accumulates in the plant at least 2-fold higher than an unstructured milk protein expressed without the structured animal protein.
26. A recombinant fusion protein comprising: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein.
27. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 26, wherein the fusion protein is expressed in a plant.
28. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 26 or 27, wherein the unstructured milk protein is α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein.
29. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 28, wherein the milk protein is κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
30. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 28, wherein the milk protein is para-κ-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
31. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 28, wherein the milk protein is β-casein and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
32. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 28, wherein the milk protein is α-S1 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
33. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 28, wherein the milk protein is α-S2 casein and comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 84, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
34. The recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 26-33, wherein the structured animal protein is a structured mammalian protein.
35. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, hemoglobin, collagen, or an immunoglobulin.
36. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
37. The recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 26-33, wherein the structured animal protein is a structured avian protein.
38. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 37, wherein the structured avian protein is ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, lysozyme or ovoglobulin.
39. The recombinant fusion protein embodiment 34, wherein the milk protein is κ-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
40. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the milk protein is para-κ-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
41. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the milk protein is β-casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
42. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the milk protein is α-S1 casein or α-S2 casein and the structured mammalian protein is β-lactoglobulin.
43. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
44. The recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 34, wherein the protease cleavage site is a chymosin cleavage site.
45. A nucleic acid encoding the recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 26 to 44.
46. The nucleic acid of embodiment 45, wherein the nucleic acid is codon optimized for expression in a plant species.
47. The nucleic of embodiment 45 or 46, wherein the nucleic acid is codon optimized for expression in soybean.
48. A vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding a recombinant fusion protein, wherein the recombinant fusion protein comprises: (i) an unstructured milk protein, and (ii) a structured animal protein.
49. The vector of embodiment 48, wherein the vector is a plasmid.
50. The vector of embodiment 49, wherein the vector is an Agrobacterium Ti plasmid.
51. The vector of any one of embodiments 48-50, wherein the nucleic acid comprises, in order from 5′ to 3′: a promoter; a 5′ untranslated region; a sequence encoding the fusion protein; and a terminator.
52. The vector of embodiment 51, wherein the promoter is a seed-specific promoter.
53. The vector of embodiment 52, wherein the seed-specific promoter is selected from the group consisting of PvPhas, BnNap, AtOle1, GmSeed2, GmSeed3, GmSeed5, GmSeed6, GmSeed7, GmSeed8, GmSeed10, GmSeed11, GmSeed12, pBCON, GmCEP1-L, GmTHIC, GmBg7S1, GmGRD, GmOLEA, GmOLER, Gm2S-1, and GmBBld-II.
54. The vector of embodiment 53, wherein the seed-specific promoter is PvPhas and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
55. The vector of embodiment 53, wherein the seed-specific promoter is GmSeed2 and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
56. The vector of any one of embodiments 51-55, wherein the 5′ untranslated region is selected from the group consisting of Arc5′UTR and glnBIUTR.
57. The vector of embodiment 56, wherein the 5′ untranslated region is Arc5′UTR and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
58. The vector of any one of embodiments 51-57, wherein the expression cassette comprises a 3′ untranslated region.
59. The vector of embodiment 58, wherein the 3′ untranslated region is Arc5-1 and comprises SEQ ID NO: 21, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
60. The vector of any one of embodiments 51-59, wherein the terminator sequence is a terminator isolated or derived from a gene encoding Nopaline synthase, Arc5-1, an Extensin, Rb7 matrix attachment region, a Heat shock protein, Ubiquitin 10, Ubiquitin 3, and M6 matrix attachment region.
61. The vector of embodiment 60, wherein the terminator sequence is isolated or derived from a Nopaline synthase gene and comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, or a sequence at least 90% identical thereto.
62. A plant comprising the recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 26-44 or the nucleic acid of any one of embodiments 45-47.
63. A method for stably expressing a recombinant fusion protein in a plant, the method comprising: a) transforming a plant with a plant transformation vector comprising an expression cassette comprising: a sequence encoding a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises an unstructured milk protein, and a structured animal protein; and b) growing the transformed plant under conditions wherein the recombinant fusion protein is expressed in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
64. The method of embodiment 63, wherein the unstructured milk protein is κ-casein.
65. The method of embodiment 63 or 64, wherein the structured animal protein is β-lactoglobulin.
66. A food composition comprising the recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 26-44.
67. A method for making a food composition, the method comprising: expressing the recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 26-44 in a plant; extracting the recombinant fusion protein from the plant; optionally, separating the milk protein from the structured animal protein or the structured plant protein; and creating a food composition using the milk protein or the fusion protein.
68. The method of embodiment 67, wherein the plant stably expresses the recombinant fusion protein.
69. The method of embodiment 68, wherein the plant expresses the recombinant fusion protein in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
70. The method of any one of embodiments 67-69, wherein the plant is soybean.
71. The method of any one of embodiments 67-70, wherein the food composition comprises the structured animal or plant protein.
72. The method of any one of embodiments 67-71, wherein the milk protein and the structured animal or plant protein are separated from one another in the plant cell, prior to extraction.
73. The method of any one of embodiments 67-71, wherein the milk protein is separated from the structured animal or plant protein after extraction, by contacting the fusion protein with an enzyme that cleaves the fusion protein.
74. A food composition produced using the method of any one of embodiments 67-73.
75. A plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein, comprising: κ-casein; and β-lactoglobulin.
76. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 75, wherein the fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, the κ-casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
77. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 75 or 76, wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
78. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 77, wherein the protease cleavage site is a chymosin cleavage site.
79. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-78, wherein the fusion protein comprises a signal peptide.
80. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 79, wherein the signal peptide is located at the N-terminus of the fusion protein.
81. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-80, wherein the fusion protein is encoded by a nucleic acid that is codon optimized for expression in a plant.
82. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-81, wherein the fusion protein is expressed in a soybean.
83. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-81, wherein the fusion protein has a molecular weight of 30 kDa to 50 kDa.
84. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-83, wherein the fusion protein is expressed in a plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
85. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-84, wherein the fusion protein is expressed in the plant at a level at least 2-fold higher than κ-casein expressed individually in a plant.
86. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of any one of embodiments 75-84, wherein the fusion protein accumulates in the plant at least 2-fold higher than κ-casein expressed without β-lactoglobulin.
87. A stably transformed plant, comprising in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising: κ-casein; and β-lactoglobulin; wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
88. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 87, wherein the fusion protein comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus, the κ-casein and the β-lactoglobulin.
89. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 87 or 88, wherein the fusion protein comprises a protease cleavage site.
90. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 89, wherein the protease cleavage site is a chymosin cleavage site.
91. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 87-90, wherein the fusion protein comprises a signal peptide.
92. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 91, wherein the signal peptide is located at the N-terminus of the fusion protein.
93. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 87-92, wherein the plant is soybean.
94. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 87-93, wherein the recombinant DNA construct comprises codon-optimized nucleic acids for expression in the plant.
95. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 87-94, wherein the fusion protein has a molecular weight of 30 kDa to 50 kDa.
96. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 87-95, wherein the fusion protein is expressed at a level at least 2-fold higher than κ-casein expressed individually in a plant.
97. The stably transformed plant of any one of embodiments 87-96, wherein the fusion protein accumulates in the plant at least 2-fold higher than κ-casein expressed without β-lactoglobulin.
98. A plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein comprising: a casein protein and β-lactoglobulin.
99. The plant-expressed recombinant fusion protein of embodiment 98, wherein the casein protein is α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein.
100. A stably transformed plant, comprising in its genome: a recombinant DNA construct encoding a fusion protein, the fusion protein comprising: a casein protein and β-lactoglobulin; wherein the fusion protein is stably expressed in the plant in an amount of 1% or higher per total protein weight of soluble protein extractable from the plant.
101. The stably transformed plant of embodiment 100, wherein the casein protein is α-S1 casein, α-S2 casein, β-casein, or κ-casein.
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/157,105, filed Jan. 25, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/039,759, filed Sep. 30, 2020 and which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,947,552 on Mar. 16, 2021, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5068118 | Strandholm | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5650554 | Moloney | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5741957 | Deboer et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5767366 | Sathasivan et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5891433 | Silver | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5959171 | Hyttinen et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5968830 | Dan et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 6100447 | Wu et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6127145 | Sutliff et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6222094 | Hansson et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6225105 | Sathasivan et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6245974 | Michalowski et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6388066 | Bruce et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6455759 | Vierstra et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6569831 | Legrand et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6642437 | Lemaux et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6781044 | Rodriguez et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6991824 | Huang et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7138150 | Huang et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7157629 | Cho et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7217858 | Falco et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7270989 | Kappeler et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7304208 | Huang et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7354902 | Legrand et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7365240 | Verbsky et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7390936 | Van Rooijen et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7417178 | Huang et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7428875 | Orvar | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7501265 | Moloney et al. | Mar 2009 | B1 |
| 7531325 | Van Rooijen et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7589252 | Huang et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7718851 | Huang et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7854952 | Carr | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7960614 | Chang et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8017400 | Toriyama et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8158857 | Huang et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8163880 | Heifetz et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8273954 | Rogers et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
| 8293533 | Falco et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8334139 | Fraley et al. | Dec 2012 | B1 |
| 8334254 | Legrand et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8362317 | Calabotta et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8609416 | Barnett | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8637316 | Migiwa et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8686225 | Huang et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8802825 | Ludevid M Gica et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8822181 | Torrent et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8927809 | Meyer et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 9006513 | Calabotta et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9011949 | Brown et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9024114 | Carlson et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9321828 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9555097 | Rybicki et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9637751 | Ludevid M Gica et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9650640 | Kumar et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9700067 | Fraser et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9700071 | Silver et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9725731 | Abbitt | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9737875 | Brown et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9790512 | Calabotta et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9808029 | Fraser et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9826772 | Fraser et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9833768 | Brown et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9924728 | Pandya et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9938327 | Shankar et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9943096 | Fraser et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 10039306 | Vrljic et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10087434 | Kale et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10093913 | Kale et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10125373 | Mason et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10172380 | Varadan et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10172381 | Vrljic et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10273492 | Shankar et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10287568 | Kale et al. | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10294485 | Gupta et al. | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10314325 | Fraser et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10327464 | Fraser et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10595545 | Pandya et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10618951 | Pettit et al. | Apr 2020 | B1 |
| 10689656 | Shankar et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10757955 | Yang et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10759758 | Thaler et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10760062 | Naesby et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10765116 | Kausch-Busies et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10765125 | Gunes et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10765318 | Hockings | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10768169 | Rezzi et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10772332 | Mosrin et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10781263 | Kahnert et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10781427 | Barouch et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10781432 | Cameron et al. | Sep 2020 | B1 |
| 10785976 | Vandock et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10785977 | Vandock et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10793850 | Wiessenhaan et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10793872 | Poree et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10798958 | Varadan et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10798963 | Maynard et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10801045 | Fischer et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10806170 | Braun | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10806699 | Burbidge et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10807968 | Jansen et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10815500 | Juillerat et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10815514 | Olsson et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10863761 | Brown et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10894812 | Lanquar | Jan 2021 | B1 |
| 10947552 | Lanquar | Mar 2021 | B1 |
| 10981974 | Pettit et al. | Apr 2021 | B2 |
| 10986848 | Holz-Schietinger et al. | Apr 2021 | B2 |
| 10988521 | Lanquar | Apr 2021 | B1 |
| 10993462 | Vrljic et al. | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11013250 | Vrljic et al. | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11034743 | Lanquar | Jun 2021 | B1 |
| 11051532 | Henderson, Jr. et al. | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11072797 | Lanquar | Jul 2021 | B1 |
| 11076615 | Pandya et al. | Aug 2021 | B2 |
| 11142555 | Lanquar et al. | Oct 2021 | B1 |
| 11160299 | Mahadevan et al. | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11219232 | Fraser et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11224241 | Fraser et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 20020002714 | Ikegami et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020108149 | Gruis et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020155998 | Young et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020192813 | Conner et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030056244 | Huang et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074700 | Huang et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030166162 | Van Rooijen et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030172403 | Huang et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030221223 | Huang et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229925 | Legrand et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040022918 | McCarthy et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040023257 | Barton et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040063617 | Huang et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040078851 | Huang et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040088754 | Cho et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040111766 | Huang et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040143857 | Young et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040241791 | Edens et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050158832 | Young et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050181482 | Meade et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050229273 | Huang et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050283854 | Krumm et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20070150976 | Yang et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20080010697 | Yang et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080029003 | Orvar | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080050503 | Huang et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080092252 | Cammue et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080318277 | Huang et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090023212 | Zhong et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090133159 | Li | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090156486 | Huang et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090258004 | Huang et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20100003235 | Hagie et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100015713 | Deeter et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100031394 | Huang et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100119691 | Huang et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100183589 | Huang et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100223682 | Katz et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100329995 | Deeter et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110092411 | Legrand et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110117131 | Huang et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110189751 | Barnett | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110243975 | Terakawa et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110302672 | Merlo et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120088729 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120195883 | Huang et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120315697 | Pettit et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130129899 | Ummadi et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130157356 | Barnett et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130340114 | Albert et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140237688 | Chang et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20150080296 | Silver et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150087532 | Brown et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150150822 | Perumal et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150203530 | Yang et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150289541 | Brown et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150299726 | Mcelver et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150305361 | Holz-Schietinger et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150305390 | Vrljic et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150351435 | Fraser et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150361446 | Beatty et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150361447 | Beatty et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150366233 | Brown et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160076048 | Zhang et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160160232 | Ruiter et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160213766 | Huang et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160220622 | Park et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160222054 | Brown et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160298129 | Ruiter et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160340411 | Fraser et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160369291 | Mayfield et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170081676 | Gupta et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170112175 | Fraser et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170164632 | Pandya et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170172169 | Grzanich et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170188612 | Varadan et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170273328 | Pandya et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170290363 | Fraser et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170295833 | Fraser et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170298337 | Kale et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170320041 | Brown et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170321203 | Kale et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170321204 | Kale et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170342131 | Fraser et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170342132 | Fraser et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170349637 | Shankar et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170349906 | Shankar et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180027851 | Vrljic et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180127764 | Shankar et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180142248 | Martin-Ortigosa et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180168209 | Fraser et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180192680 | Fraser et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180195081 | Shintaku et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180199605 | Fraser et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180199606 | Fraser et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180237793 | Aasen et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180243408 | Fanger et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180250369 | Macmanus et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180271111 | Pandya et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180291392 | El-Richani et al. | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180371469 | Shankar et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20190008192 | Brown et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190032066 | Noda et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190040404 | Gupta et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190048330 | Aharoni et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190062766 | Hamada et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190070287 | Fanger et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190116855 | Vrljic et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190133162 | Varadan et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190133163 | Varadan et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190200658 | Vrljic et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190203214 | Sorokin et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190216106 | Geistlinger et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190292217 | Davis et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190292555 | Davis et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190336595 | Ciaramella | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190336596 | Mason et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20200123556 | El-Richani et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200138066 | Anchel | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200247871 | Pettit et al. | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200268026 | Khare et al. | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200268027 | Gaspard et al. | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200269161 | Kompala | Aug 2020 | A1 |
| 20200275660 | Sudau et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200275674 | Napolitano et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200277202 | Patey | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200277588 | Cameron et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200277631 | Doudna et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200281224 | Kizer et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200282341 | Kompala | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200288710 | Fu Lein et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200291043 | Hager et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200291060 | Singh et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200291370 | Chavez | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200291408 | Jessen et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200291442 | Douchin et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200296960 | Curtis et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200296981 | Barnes et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200299412 | Liu et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200305481 | Carlson et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200308597 | Gray | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200308599 | Church et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200308613 | Louie et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200308617 | Mikkelsen et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200315212 | Watson et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200315236 | Thakkar et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200316094 | Horcajada et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200318088 | Donohoue et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200318090 | Donovan et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200318108 | Allocca et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323227 | Capronnier et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323231 | Schelle et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323237 | Pibarot et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200323904 | Sands et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200325462 | Brouns et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200325517 | Houghton-Larsen et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200329685 | Qimron et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200329726 | Waksman et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200329735 | Cully et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200329751 | Thakkar et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200330378 | Friedman | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200331988 | Manceur et al. | Oct 2020 | A9 |
| 20200332248 | Zhou et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200332267 | Hoyt et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200332276 | Buie et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200332286 | Gibson et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200332288 | Kantardzhieva et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200332293 | Thess | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200332564 | Baum et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200337336 | Rouskey et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200340000 | Roy-Chaudhuri et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200397021 | Henderson, Jr. et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20210010017 | El-Richani et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210030014 | Brown et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210037848 | Pandya et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210037849 | Pandya et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210037851 | Fraser et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210051976 | Fraser et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210051977 | Vrljic et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210070842 | Fraser et al. | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210155946 | Tobin | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210221870 | Pettit et al. | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210222186 | El-Richani et al. | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210227849 | Kiayei et al. | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210235714 | Geistlinger et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210251251 | Holz-Schietinger et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210259290 | Ajami et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210289804 | Stiles et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210289824 | Brown et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210307358 | Henderson, Jr. et al. | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210329941 | Geistlinger et al. | Oct 2021 | A1 |
| 20210386085 | Ray et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210386086 | Ray et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210388310 | Geistlinger et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20220007667 | Ray et al. | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| 20220007668 | Ray et al. | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| 20220033788 | Geistlinger et al. | Feb 2022 | A1 |
| 20220061365 | Vrljic et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220071250 | Brown et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220087286 | Henderson, Jr. et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220095654 | Varadan et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220098259 | Lanquar et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3202899 | Aug 2017 | EP |
| 1957110 | Sep 2020 | EP |
| 3069123 | Sep 2020 | EP |
| 3702463 | Sep 2020 | EP |
| 3708565 | Sep 2020 | EP |
| 2597969 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3307091 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3409767 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3718418 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3721894 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3722322 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3722408 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3722431 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 3725788 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| WO-9849326 | Nov 1998 | WO |
| WO-9924592 | May 1999 | WO |
| WO-1999066054 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| WO-0011200 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO-0168822 | Sep 2001 | WO |
| WO-0183792 | Nov 2001 | WO |
| WO-02063975 | Aug 2002 | WO |
| WO-02064750 | Aug 2002 | WO |
| WO-02064814 | Aug 2002 | WO |
| WO-03064613 | Aug 2003 | WO |
| WO-2004069848 | Aug 2004 | WO |
| WO-2005017168 | Feb 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005055944 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005079232 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| WO-2006016381 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| WO-2013138793 | Sep 2013 | WO |
| WO-2015038796 | Mar 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015042405 | Mar 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015127388 | Aug 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015153666 | Oct 2015 | WO |
| WO-2016029193 | Feb 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016054375 | Apr 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016099568 | Jun 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016131000 | Aug 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016142394 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016183163 | Nov 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016197584 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| WO-2017025590 | Feb 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017139558 | Aug 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017219046 | Dec 2017 | WO |
| WO-2018042346 | Mar 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018043219 | Mar 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018081590 | May 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018081592 | May 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018187754 | Oct 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018220188 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018220929 | Dec 2018 | WO |
| WO-2019081346 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019081396 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019081398 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019081400 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019083940 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019086565 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019089333 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019089796 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019089820 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019090148 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019092069 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019092086 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019092505 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019093957 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019101490 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019101700 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019102381 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019104184 | May 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019105908 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019105972 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019106147 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019110684 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019113132 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019115280 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019115735 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019116182 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019116183 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019116349 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019118480 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019118935 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019118984 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019121698 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019121852 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019121855 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019121856 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019122116 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019122123 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019122135 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019122336 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019122388 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019123430 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019125804 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019126562 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019144124 | Jul 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019169409 | Sep 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019170899 | Sep 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019213155 | Nov 2019 | WO |
| WO-2020061503 | Mar 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020081789 | Apr 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020089383 | May 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020089384 | May 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020089385 | May 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020089444 | May 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020089445 | May 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020117927 | Jun 2020 | WO |
| WO-2019161141 | Aug 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020160187 | Aug 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020168368 | Aug 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020169389 | Aug 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020169577 | Aug 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020172143 | Aug 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020126610 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020173860 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020173861 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020174070 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020176224 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020176389 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020176547 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020178307 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020180506 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020181101 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020181102 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020182929 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020183414 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020183419 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020185861 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020186059 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020190993 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020190998 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020191293 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020191369 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020193291 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020193385 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020193493 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020193495 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020202157 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020206385 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020208104 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020208190 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020208548 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020209959 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020210122 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020210160 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020210508 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020210810 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020212145 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020212235 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020212798 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020214542 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020214940 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020215017 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020219595 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020219596 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020219972 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020223700 | Nov 2020 | WO |
| WO-2021050759 | Mar 2021 | WO |
| WO-2021101647 | May 2021 | WO |
| WO-2021154806 | Aug 2021 | WO |
| WO-2021168343 | Aug 2021 | WO |
| WO-2021174226 | Sep 2021 | WO |
| WO-2021191914 | Sep 2021 | WO |
| WO-2022031941 | Feb 2022 | WO |
| WO-2022055513 | Mar 2022 | WO |
| WO-2022072718 | Apr 2022 | WO |
| WO-2022072833 | Apr 2022 | WO |
| WO-2022072846 | Apr 2022 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| US 11,071,315 B2, 07/2021, Varadan (withdrawn) |
| Altschul et al. “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool” Journal of Molecular Biology 215:403-410 (1990). |
| Altschul et al., “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs,” Nucleic Acids Res. (1997) 25(17):3389-3402. |
| Alvarez et al., “Higher accumulation of F1-V fusion recombinant protein in plants after induction of protein body formation,” Plant Mol Biol 72:75-89 (2010). |
| Batt, C.A. et al., “Expression of recombinant bovine beta-lactoglobulin in Escherichiacoli”, Agric Biol Chem.;54(4):949-55 (1990). |
| Berry D., “Acid Makes Milk Much More,” Dairy Foods, Jan. 2007, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https://www.dairyfoods.com/articles/82509-%20all-about-acid, 4 pages. |
| Bradley and Vanderwarn, “Determination of moisture in cheese and cheese products,” J. AOAC 84:570-592 (2001). |
| Breene, “Application of texture profile analysis to instrumental food texture evaluation,” J. Texture Stud. 6:53-82 (1975). |
| Chen et al., “Textural analysis of cheese,” J. Dairy Sci. 62:901-907 (1979). |
| Chiera et al., “Isolation of two highly active soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) promoters and their characterization using a new automated image collection and analysis system,” Plant Cell Reports,26(9):1501-1509 (2007). |
| Chong et al., “Expression of full-length bioactive antimicrobial human lactoferrin in potato plants,” Transgenic Res. 9(1):71-78 (2000). |
| Chong et al., “Expression of the human milk protein beta-casein in transgenic potato plants,” Transgenic Res. 6(4):289-296 (1997). |
| Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 17/183,117, inventors Klemaszewski; Joseph et al., filed Feb. 23, 2021. |
| Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 17/183,131, filed Feb. 23, 2021. |
| Cramer et al., “Transgenic Plants for Therapeutic Proteins: Linking Upstream and Downstream Strategies,” J. Hammond et al (eds.), Plant Biotechnology, pp. 95-118 (2000). |
| Creamer 1974; Beta casein degradation in Gouda and cheddar cheese. Journal of Dairy Scienc. 58(3): 287-292. |
| De La Torre et al., “The intron and 5′ distal region of the soybean Gmubi promoter contribute to very high levels of gene expression in transiently and stably transformed tissues,” Plant Cell Reports 34:111-120 (2015). |
| Devereux et al. “A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX” Nucleic Acids Research 12(1):387-395 (1984). |
| Diamos et al. “Chimeric 3′ flanking regions strongly enhance gene expression in plants,” Plant Biotechnology Journal 16(12):1971-1982 (2018). |
| Drake et al., “Relationship between instrumental and sensory measurements of cheese texture,” J. Texture Stud. 30:451-476 (1999). |
| Dunwell, “Transgenic Crops: The Next Generation, or an Example of 2020 Vision,” Annals of Botany 84:269-277 (1999). |
| Ems-McClung et al., “Expression of Maize Gamma Zein C-Terminus in Escherichia coli,” Protein Expression and Purification 13, 1-8 (1998), Article No. PT980858. |
| Ferrer-Miralles et al., “Bacterial cell factories for recombinant protein production; expanding the catalogue,” Microb Cell Fact. 12:113, pp. 1-4 (2013). |
| Fife et al, “Test for measuring the stretchability of melted cheese,” J. Dairy Sci. 85(12):3539-3545 (2002). |
| Final Office Action issued by The United States Patent and Trademark Office for U.S. Appl. No. 17,039,759, dated Dec. 22, 2020, 10 pages. |
| Finer et al., “Transformation of soybean via particle bombardment of embryogenic suspension culture tissue,” In Vitro Cell and Develop Biol—Plant 27P:175-182 (1991). |
| GenBank Accession No. CAA25231, dated Jan. 31, 2003, 1 page. |
| GenBank accession No. Glyma.02G012600: Retrieved Oct. 14, 2020, from http://soykb.org/gene_card.php?gene=Glyma.02G012600.1, 4 pages. |
| GenBank accession No. J01263.1, dated Jun. 17, 1998, 3 pages. |
| GenBank accession No. L22576.1, dated Dec. 28, 2007, 2 pages. |
| GenBank Accession No. M15132.1, dated Apr. 26, 1993, 1 page. |
| GenBank accession No. X14712.1, dated Mar. 13, 1995, 2 pages. |
| GenBank accession No. X51514.1 dated Apr. 18, 2005, 2pages. |
| GenBank Accession No. X59836.1, dated Jul. 20, 1992, 2 pages. |
| GenBank accession No. Z50202.1, dated Aug. 21, 1998, 3 pages. |
| Ghag et al., Heterologous protein production in plant systems, GM Crops & Food, DOI:10.1080/21645698.2016.1244599, 49 pages (2016). |
| Greenberg et al., “Human beta-casein. Amino acid sequence and identification of phosphorylation sites,” J. Biol. Chem. 259(8):5132-5138 (1984). |
| Herman, E., m., “Soybean seed proteome rebalancing,” Frontiers in plant science, 5, 437, 8 pages (2014). |
| Hernandez-Garcia, “A soybean (Glycine max) polyubiquitin promoter gives strong constitutive expression in transgenic soybean,” Plant cell reports,28(5):837-849 (2009). |
| Hernandez-Garcia et al., “High level transgenic expression of soybean (Glycine max) GmERF and Gmubi gene promoters isolated by a novel promoter analysis pipeline,” BMC plant biology,10(1), 237, 16 pages (2010). |
| Horvath et al., “The production of recombinant proteins in transgenic barley grains,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97:1914-1919 (2000). |
| Imafidon et al., “Isolation, purification, and alteration of some functional groups of major milk proteins: a review,” Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 37(7):663-689, (1997). |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion issued by The International Searching Authority for Application No. PCT/US2018/026572, dated Jul. 20, 2018, 20 pages. |
| Jana et al.,“Functional properties of Mozzarella cheese for its end use application,” J. Food Sci Technol 54(12):3776-3778 (2017). |
| Kaminski et al., “Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health,” Journal of applied genetics,48(3), 189-198 (2007). |
| Kapoor et al., “Comparison of pilot scale and rapid visco analyzer process cheese manufacture,” J. Dairy Sci. 87:2813-2821 (2004). |
| Kapoor et al., “Small-scale manufacture of process cheese using arapid visco analyzer,” J. Dairy Sci. 88:3382-3391 (2005). |
| Karlin et al. “Applications and statistics for multiple high-scoring segments in molecular sequences” Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 90:5873-5877 (1993). |
| K-Casein (2018) download from “wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K-Casein&oldid=845015288”; pp. 1-5 (Year: 2018). |
| Kim, et al., Genetic modification of the soybean to enhance the-carotene content through seed-specific expression. PLoS One, 7(10), e48287, 12 pages (2012). |
| Kinney, “Development of genetically engineered soybean oils for food applications. Journal of Food Lipids,” 3(4), 273-292 (1996). |
| Kuhn et al., “The baculovirus expression vector pBSV-8His directs secretion of histidine-tagged proteins,” Gene, 162 225-229 (1995). |
| Loch, J. I. et al., “Engineered β-Lactoglobulin Produced in E. coli: Purification, Biophysical and Structural Characterisation”, Molecular Biotechnology; 58:605-618 (2016). |
| Maughan et al., “Biolistic transformation, expression, and inheritance of bovine-casein in soybean (Glycine max),” In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology—Plant, 35(4):344-349 (1999). |
| Metzger et al., “RVA: Process cheese manufacture,” Aust. J. DairyTechnol. 57:136 (2002). |
| Morison et al., “Viscosity and Non-Newtonian Behaviour of Concentrated Milk and Cream,” International Journal of Food Properties 16(4):882-894. |
| Needleman and Wunsch, “A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins.” J Mol Biol. (1970); 48(3): 443-453. |
| Nishizawa, K., & Ishimoto, M., “Maturation of somatic embryos as a model for soybean seed development,” Plant biotechnology, 26(5), 543-550 (2009). |
| Pearson, William R., and Lipman, David J. “Improved tools for biological sequence comparison.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (1988); 85.8: 2444-2448. |
| Philip, et al., “Processing and localization of bovine-casein expressed in transgenic soybean seeds under control of a soybean lectin expression cassette,” Plant Science 161:323-335 (2001). |
| Pierce et al., “Ketocarotenoid production in soybean seeds through metabolic engineering,” PloS one, 10(9), e0138196, 15 pages (2015). |
| Prevention, “Foods For Bone Health: Get Your Calcium Here,” May 2012, Retrieved from the Internet: URL: https://www.prevention.com/health/a20446986/dietary-sources-of-calcium/, 3 pages. |
| Prow et al., “Melt analysis of process cheese spread or product using a rapid visco analyzer,” J. Dairy Sci. 88:1277-1287 (2005). |
| Salmon et al., “Production of human lactoferrin in transgenic tobacco,” Protein Expression and Purification 13:127-135 (1998). |
| Sathasivan et al., “Nucleotide sequence of a mutant acetolactate synthase gene from an imidazolinone-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana var. Columbia,” Nucleic Acids Research 18(8):2188, 1 page (1990). |
| Substantially; definition (2021) Definition of Substantially, downloaded from the world wide web on Oct. 19, 2021; at https://www.dictionary.com/browse/substantially; definition pasted into body of Office Action. (Year: 2021). |
| Takase et al., “Expression of human alpha-lactalbuminin transgenic tobacco,” Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo) 123:440-444 (1998). |
| Torrent et al., “Lysine-rich modified γ-zeins accumulate in protein bodies of transiently transformed maize endosperms,” Plant Molecular Biology 34:139-149 (1997). |
| Truong et al., “Influence of carbon to nitrogen ratios on soybean somatic embryo (cv. Jack) growth and composition,” Journal of experimental botany, 64(10), 2985-2995 (2013). |
| Uniprot Accession No. P02662, dated Aug. 12, 2020, 5 pages. |
| Uniprot Accession No. P02663.2, dated Aug. 12, 2020, 3 pages. |
| Uniprot Accession No. P02666.2, dated Oct. 7, 2020, 6 pages. |
| Uniprot Accession No. P02668.1, dated Aug. 12, 2020, 6 pages. |
| Uniprot Accession No. P33049.1, dated Dec. 11, 2019, 3 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/183,117, filed Feb. 24, 2021, by Klemaszewski et al. (Copy not attached). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/183,131, filed Feb. 24, 2021, by Klemaszewski et al. (Copy not attached). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/493,100, filed Oct. 4, 2021, by Lanquar et al. (Copy not attached). |
| Webpage for AB-BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, dated Jun. 2, 2020: Retrieved Oct. 12, 2020, at http://blast.wustl/edu/blast/ README.html, 22 pages. |
| West 2017; 6 dairy foods that are naturally low in lactose. Healthline, on the world wide web at healthline.com/nutrition/ dairy-foods-low-in-lactose, pp. 1-14. |
| Worley et al., “Engineering in vivo Instability of Firefly Luciferase and Escherichia coli—Glucuronidase in Higher Plants Using Recognition Elements from the Ubiquitin Pathway,” Plant Molecular Biology 37:337-347 (1998). |
| Zhang et al., “Isolation and characterization of “GmScream” promoters that regulate highly expressing soybean (Glycine max Merr.) genes,” Plant Science 241:189-198 (2015). |
| Benchabane et al., “Preventing Unintended Proteolysis in Plant Protein Biofactories,” Plant Biotechnology Journal 6:633:648 (2008). |
| Hudson et al., “Optimizing Recombinant Protein Expression in Soybean,” Soybean—Molecular Aspects of Breeding, 24 pages (2011). |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2021/053002 dated Jan. 25, 2022, 18 pages. |
| Manninen, “Protein Hydrolysates in Sports Nutrition,” Nutr Metab (Lond) 6:38, pp. (2009). |
| Takaiwa et al., “Compensatory rebalancing of rice prolamins by production of recombinant prolamin/bioactive peptide fusion proteins within ER-derived protein bodies,” Plant Cell Rep 37:209-223 (2018). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/590,774, filed Feb. 1, 2022, by Lanquar et al. (Copy not attached). |
| Wong et al., “Improved co-expression of multiple genes in vectors containing internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes) from human genes,” Gene Therapy 9:337-344 (2002). |
| Yang et al., “Comparative studies of the serum half-life extension of a protein via site-specific conjugation to a species-matched or -mismatched albumin,” Biomaterials Science 6(8):2092-2100 (2018). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 15/947,596 (Abandoned). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/423,654 (Abandoned). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 16/862,011 (Pending). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/171,646 (Abandoned)). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/039,759 (U.S. Pat. No. 10,947,552). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/039,760 (U.S. Pat. No. 10,894,812). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/127,090 (U.S. Pat. No. 11,034,743). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/127,418 (U.S. Pat. No. 10,988,521). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/157,105 (U.S. Pat. No. 11,072,797). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/326,785 (U.S. Pat. No. 11,142,555). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/493,100 (Pending). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/590,774 (Pending). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220098608 A1 | Mar 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17157105 | Jan 2021 | US |
| Child | 17374125 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17039759 | Sep 2020 | US |
| Child | 17157105 | US |
