Patent Application
20200032237
The present invention relates to the technical field of genetic engineering, and more particularly to a recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis for promoting acetylglucosamine synthesis of Bacillus subtilis.
In human bodies, acetylglucosamine is a synthetic precursor of a glycosaminoglycan disaccharide unit, which plays an important role in repair and maintenance of cartilage and joint tissue function. Therefore, acetylglucosamine is widely added to medicines and nutritional diets to treat and repair joint damage. In addition, acetylglucosamine also has many applications in the fields of cosmetics and pharmacy. At present, acetylglucosamine is mainly produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin in shrimp shells or crab shells. However, waste liquid produced by the method pollutes the environment seriously, and the resulting products are apt to cause allergic reactions, being not suitable for people who are allergic to seafood.
Bacillus subtilis is widely used as a production host for food enzymic preparations and vital nutrient chemicals, and its products are certified as the Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) security level by FDA. The reaction formula for producing acetylglucosamine by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis is:
5/2glucose+ATP+5NAD++2NH3→GlcNAc+glutamate+ADP+SNADH+2CO2+phosphate
The formula is obtained by calculating three precursors, namely 6-phosphate fructoses, acetyl coenzyme A and glutamine, of the de novo synthesis of acetylglucosamine, it can be seen from the formula that a large amount of NADH would be generated in the synthesis process of acetylglucosamine. The excessively generated NADH has a huge negative effect on the maximum theoretical yield (Yc) of the N-acetylglucosamine pathway. Due to the fact that cells need to maintain the balance of reduction force, the excessively generated NADH will be consumed in two ways: participating in the synthesis of other metabolites (resulting in the generation of by-products), and the other aspect being oxidized to produce ATP (causing a large amount of O2 to be consumed during the fermentation process, and meanwhile, a large amount of bacterial cells is greatly produced). In addition, the use of Bacillus subtilis to synthesize acetylglucosamine is accompanied by metabolic overflow, resulting in the massive synthesis of by-product acetoin. Therefore, effectively treating the NADH concomitantly generated with the acetylglucosamine and the synthesis efficiency of the acetylglucosamine, meanwhile, avoiding the overflow of central carbon metabolism and improving the economical efficiency of carbon atoms, are urgent problems to be solved in the production of acetylglucosamine by the method of microbial fermentation.
To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a recombinant strain for improving acetylglucosamine synthesis of Bacillus subtilis. The recombinant strain of the invention can eliminate central carbon metabolism overflow, balance intracellular reducing force and promote acetylglucosamine synthesis greatly.
To achieve the above purpose, the present invention utilizes the following technical solutions.
In one aspect, the invention provides a recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis, and pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase gor, isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase icd, malate quinone dehydrogenase mqo, pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase porAB and nitrogenase ferritin cyh are integrated and expressed in the recombinant strain.
In one embodiment of the invention, the recombinant strain is obtained by using Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP2 as a starting strain. The Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP2 is disclosed in the patent application No. CN 201610517961.9.
In a preferable embodiment of the invention, the pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase gor, isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase icd, malate quinone dehydrogenase mqo, pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase porAB and nitrogenase ferritin cyh are respectively expressed by using a strong constitutive promoter.
In a more preferable embodiment, the strong constitutive promoter is a promoter suitable for Bacillus subtilis such as P43, PabrB, PvalS, Phag, PspovG, PyvyD, PhemA or Pffh promoter. Preferably, the strong constitutive promoter is P43 promoter.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the encoding gene balpycA of the pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA is shown as NCBI-Protein ID: AAS42897, and the encoding gene balpycA of the pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA can be integrated into malS, pyk, ywkA, kdgA, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC or rrnO locus in Bacillus subtilis genome. Preferably, the encoding gene balpycA is integrated into malS locus in Bacillus subtilis genome.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, the encoding gene gor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase is shown as NCBI-Protein ID: CAF30501, and the encoding gene gor can be integrated into pyk, malS, ywkA, kdgA, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus in Bacillus subtilis genome. Preferably, the encoding gene gor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase is integrated into pyk locus in Bacillus subtilis genome.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the encoding gene icd of the isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase is shown as NCBI-Protein ID: AKC61181, and the encoding gene icd can be integrated into ywkA, pyk, malS, kdgA, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus in Bacillus subtilis genome. Preferably, the encoding gene icd of the isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase is integrated into ywkA locus in Bacillus subtilis genome.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the encoding gene mqo of the malate quinone dehydrogenase is shown as NCBI-Protein ID: ADK05552, and the encoding gene mqo can be integrated into kdgA, pyk, ywkA, malS, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO in Bacillus subtilis genome. Preferably, the encoding gene mqo of the malate quinone dehydrogenase is integrated into kdgA locus in Bacillus subtilis genome.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, the encoding genes porAB of the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase are shown as NCBI-Protein ID: ADK06337 and NCBI-Protein ID: ADK06336, and the encoding genes porAB can be integrated into melA, pyk, ywkA, kdgA, malS, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus in Bacillus subtilis genome. Preferably, the encoding genes porAB of the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase are integrated into melA locus in Bacillus subtilis genome.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the encoding gene cyh of the nitrogenase ferritin is shown as NCBI-Protein ID: ACV00712, and the encoding gene cyh can be integrated into pckA, pyk, ywkA, kdgA, melA, malS, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus in Bacillus subtilis genome. Preferably, the encoding gene cyh of the nitrogenase ferritin is integrated into pckA locus in Bacillus subtilis genome.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoding gene balpycA of pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA is derived from Bacillus cereus. The exogenously introduced pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA derived from. Bacillus cereus can eliminate the central carbon metabolism overflow of the Bacillus subtilis and avoid the synthesis of the by-product acetoin.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoding gene gor of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehdrogenase is derived from Methanococcus maripaludis KA1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoding gene icd of the isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase is derived from Clostridium sporogenes.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoding gene mqo of the malate quinone dehydrogenase is derived from Bacillus cereus.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoding gene porAB of the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase is derived from Bacillus cereus.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the encoding gene cyh of the nitrogenase ferritin is derived from Cyanothece sp. PCC 8802.
In the invention, five exogenous reducing force metabolic reactions are introduced to replace the reaction of generating NADH in glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle to reconstruct intracellular reducing force metabolism, and they specifically comprise glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase gor, isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase icd, a malate quinone dehydrogenase mqo, a ketoacid ferredoxin oxidoreductase porAB and a nitrogenase ferritin cyh. The operation is simple and convenient to use. And in the reconstructed recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis, the central carbon metabolism overflow is avoided and the intracellular reducing force metabolism is balanced.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for constructing the recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis, and the method includes the following steps:
(1) constructing respectively homologous recombination integration cassettes of the pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA encoding gene balpycA, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase encoding gene gor, the isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase encoding gene icd, the malate quinone dehydrogenase encoding gene mqo, the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase encoding gene porAB, and the nitrogenase ferritin encoding gene cyh; and
(2) integrating the integration cassettes obtained in the step (1) into the Bacillus subtilis genome respectively by homologous recombination.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), upstream sequence (500-1000 bp) of the integration locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence and strong constitutive promoter, target gene sequence and downstream sequence (500-1000 bp) are used for constructing an integration cassette.
In a preferable embodiment, the target gene sequence is selected from the group consisting of the pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA encoding gene balpycA, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase encoding gene gor, the isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase encoding gene icd, the malate quinone dehydrogenase encoding gene mqo, the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase encoding gene porAB, and the nitrogenase ferritin encoding gene cyh.
In still another aspect, the invention also provides use of the recombinant strain in fermentation production of acetylglucosamine.
Preferably, the use employs the following steps: activating the recombinant strain in a seed medium, then transferring activated seeds into a fermentation medium, adding an inducer to carry out fermentation culture to obtain acetylglucosamine.
In one embodiment of the present invention, seeds are activated in the seed medium at a temperature of 35-38° C., and activated seeds are fermented and cultured at a temperature of 35-38° C.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the seed medium includes the following ingredients: peptone, yeast powder and sodium chloride.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the seed medium includes the following ingredients by weight: 5-15 g/L of peptone, 5-10 g/L of yeast powder and 5-15 g/L of sodium chloride.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fermentation medium includes the following ingredients: glucose, peptone, yeast powder, ammonium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, and a trace element solution.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the fermentation medium includes the following ingredients by weight: 15-25 g/L of glucose, 5-8 g/L of peptone, 10-15 g/L of yeast powder, 5-8 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 10-15 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2-3 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-6 g/L of calcium carbonate, and 8-12 ml/L of trace element solution.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the trace element solution includes: manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate, aluminum chloride, copper chloride, boric acid and hydrochloric acid.
In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the trace element solution includes the following ingredients by weight: 0.8-1.2 g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.6 g/L of cobalt chloride, 0.1-0.3 g/L of sodium molybdate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 g/L of aluminum chloride, 0.1-0.3 g/L of copper chloride, 0.04-0.06 g/L of boric acid, and 3-8 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the activated seeds are transferred to the fermentation medium at an inoculum size of 5-15% for culture.
In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the inducer is xylose, and the dosage of xylose for fermentation medium is 5-10 g per liter.
By means of the above technical solutions, as compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention provides a method for eliminating central carbon metabolism overflow of Bacillus subtilis, balancing intracellular reducing force, and promoting acetylglucosamine synthesis. Pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA is exogenously introduced from Bacillus cereus, thus eliminating the central carbon metabolism overflow of the Bacillus subtilis and avoiding the synthesis of the by-product acetoin. Further, five exogenous reducing force metabolic reactions are introduced to replace the reaction of generating NADH in glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle to reconstruct intracellular reducing force metabolism, they specifically comprise glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase, isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase, a malate quinone dehydrogenase, a ketoacid ferredoxin oxidoreductase and a nitrogenase ferritin. As compared with the starting strain BSGNKAP2, the central carbon metabolism overflow is avoided and the synthesis of by-product acetoin is eliminated. Furthermore, in the process of producing acetylglucosamine, the intracellular NADH is effectively reduced, and the acetylglucosamine synthesis is promoted. In a shake-flask fermentation process using a complex medium, acetylglucosamine yield of the recombinant strain is 24.50 g/L, acetylglucosamine/glucose yield is 0.469 g/g, respectively 1.97 times and 2.13 times of those of the starting strain BSGNKAP2. The construction method of recombinant Bacillus subtilis of the invention is simple and is convenient to use, and has a good application prospect.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in combination with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are parts of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all of the embodiments. On the basis of the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Construction of Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP3
The Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP2 was B. subtilis 168ΔnagPΔgamPΔgamAΔnagA4nagBΔldhΔptaΔglcK ΔpckA Δpyk P43-glmS P43-pycA::lox72, and GNA1 gene was freely expressed by using pP43NMK-GNA1 plasmid. The specific construction method can be referred to the disclosure of Patent Application CN 201610517961.9. Then, based on this, the pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA encoding gene balpycA (NCBI-Protein ID: AAS42897) derived from Bacillus cereus was integrated into malS locus in Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP2 genome. Upstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 1, 1000 bp) of the integration malS locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence, strong constitutive promoter P43, target gene sequence balpycA and downstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 2, 1000 bp) of malS locus were used for constructing an integration cassette. The integration cassettes obtained were integrated into the Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP2 genome by homologous recombination. By screening through zeocin resistance flat plates, carrying out colony PCR verification and sequencing, it was confirmed that integration was successful and the recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP3 was obtained.
Construction of Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP4
Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP3 was used as the host, and GNA1 gene was freely expressed by using pP43NMK-GNA1 plasmid. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase encoding gene gor (NCBI-ProteinID: CAF30501) was integrated into pyk locus in Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP3 genome. Upstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 3, 1000 bp) of the integration pyk locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence, strong constitutive promoter P43, target gene sequence gor and downstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 4, 1000 bp) of pyk locus were used for constructing an integration cassette. The obtained integration cassette was integrated into the Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP3 genome by homologous recombination. By screening through zeocin resistance flat plates, carrying out colony PCR verification and sequencing, it was confirmed that integration was successful and the recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP4 was obtained.
Construction of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP5
BSGNKAP4 was used as the host, and GNA1 gene was freely expressed by using pP43NMK-GNA1 plasmid. The isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase encoding gene icd (NCBI-Protein ID: AKC61181) was integrated into ywkA locus in Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP4 genome. Upstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 5, 1000 bp) of the integration ywkA locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence, strong constitutive promoter P43, target gene sequence icd and downstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 6, 1000 bp) of ywkA locus were used for constructing an integration cassette. The obtained integration cassette was integrated into the Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP4 genome by homologous recombination. By screening through zeocin resistance flat plates, carrying out colony PCR verification and sequencing, it was confirmed that integration was successful and the recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP5 was obtained.
Construction of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP6
BSGNKAP5 was used as the host, and GNA1 gene was freely expressed by using pP43NMK-GNA1 plasmid. The malate quinone dehydrogenase encoding gene mqo (NCBI-Protein ID: ADK05552) was integrated into kdgA locus in Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP5 genome. Upstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 7, 1000 bp) of the integration kdgA locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence, strong constitutive promoter P43, target gene sequence mqo and downstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 8, 1000 bp) of kdgA locus were used for constructing an integration cassette. The obtained integration cassette was integrated into the Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP5 genome by homologous recombination. By screening through zeocin resistance flat plates, carrying out colony PCR verification and sequencing, it was confirmed that integration was successful and the recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP6 was obtained.
Construction of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP7
BSGNKAP6 was used as the host, and GNA1 gene was freely expressed by using pP43NMK-GNA1 plasmid. The pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase encoding genes porAB (NCBI-Protein ID: ADK06337 and NCBI-Protein ID: ADK06336) were integrated into melA locus in Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP6 genome. Upstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 9, 1000 bp) of the integration melA locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence, strong constitutive promoter P43, target gene sequence porAB and downstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 10, 1000 bp) of melA locus were used for constructing an integration cassette. The obtained integration cassette was integrated into the Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP6 genome by homologous recombination. By screening through zeocin resistance flat plates, carrying out colony PCR verification and sequencing, it was confirmed that integration was successful and the recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP7 was obtained.
Construction of Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP8
BSGNKAP7 was used as the host, and GNA1 gene was freely expressed by using pP43NMK-GNA1 plasmid. The nitrogenase ferritin encoding gene cyh (NCBI-Protein ID: ACV00712) was integrated into pckA locus in Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP7 genome. Upstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 11, 1000 bp) of the integration pckA locus, zeocin resistant gene zeo sequence, strong constitutive promoter P43, target gene sequence cyh and downstream sequence (SEQ ID No. 12, 1000 bp) of pckA locus were used for constructing an integration cassette. The obtained integration cassette was integrated into the Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP7 genome by homologous recombination. By screening through zeocin resistance flat plates, carrying out colony PCR verification and sequencing, it was confirmed that integration was successful and the recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP7 was obtained.
In the above embodiments of the invention, besides the promoter P43, other promoters suitable for Bacillus subtilis can also be used, such as, PabrB, PvalS, Phag, PspoVG, PyvyD, PhemA or Pffh.
The pyruvate carboxylase BalpycA encoding gene balpycA also can be integrated into other loci in Bacillus subtilis genome, such as, pyk, ywkA, kdgA, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus.
The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin dehydrogenase encoding gene gor also can be integrated into other loci in Bacillus subtilis genome, such as, malS, ywkA, kdgA, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus.
The isocitrate NAD+ dehydrogenase encoding gene icd also can be integrated into other loci in Bacillus subtilis genome, such as, pyk, malS, kdgA, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus.
The malate quinone dehydrogenase encoding gene mqo also can be integrated into other loci in Bacillus subtilis genome, such as, pyk, ywkA, malS, melA, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus.
The pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase encoding genes porAB also can be integrated into other loci in Bacillus subtilis genome, such as, pyk, ywkA, kdgA, malS, pckA, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus.
The nitrogenase ferritin encoding gene cyh also can be integrated into other loci in Bacillus subtilis genome, such as, pyk, ywkA, kdgA, melA, malS, ctc, yckB, ydgG, speA, bshB, yojF, brxA, yqhS, yqeT, recJ, yvmB, spSC, nupG or rrnO locus.
Production of Acetylglucosamine by Fermenting Recombinant Bacillus subtilis
The ingredients of the seed medium included: 10 g/L of peptone, 5 g/L of yeast powder, and 10 g/L of sodium chloride.
The ingredients of the fermentation medium included: 20 g/L of glucose, 6 g/L of peptone, 12 g/L of yeast powder, 6 g/L of ammonium sulfate, 12.5 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g/L of calcium carbonate, and 10 ml/L of trace element solution.
The trace element solution included the following ingredients by weight: 1.0 g/L of manganese sulfate, 0.4 g/L of cobalt chloride, 0.2 g/L of sodium molybdate, 0.2 g/L of zinc sulfate, 0.1 g/L of aluminium chloride, 0.1 g/L of copper chloride, 0.05 g/L of boric acid, and 5 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for detecting content of acetylglucosamine. HPLC test conditions were as follows: instrument model: Agilent 1200, RID detector, column: NH2 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: 70% acetonitrile, flow rate: 0.75 mL/min; column temperature: 30° C., and injection volume: 10 μL.
Detection of Glucose Concentration in Fermentation Broth: SBA Biosensor Analyzer.
Recombinant Bacillus subtilis BSGNKAP8 was cultured under 37° C. at 220 rpm for 8 h in the seed medium, and then seeds were transferred to the fermentation medium at the inoculum size of 5% and cultured under 37° C. at 220 rpm for 48 h in a 500 ml shake flask. At the end of the fermentation, the content of acetylglucosamine in the fermentation supernatant was measured.
After shake-flask fermentation was completed, the acetyglucosamine yield of BSGNKAP8 was 24.50 g/L, and the acetyglucosamine/glucose yield was 0.469 g/g, respectively 1.97 times and 2.13 times of those of the starting strain BSGNKAP2 (as shown in
Detection of Intracellular NADH of Recombinant Bacillus subtilis
The detection of intracellular NADH was performed by using the kits from Qingdao Jieshikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The thalluses in the logarithmic growth period were collected into centrifuge tubes (104), alkaline extract was added at the volume ratio of 500-1000:1. Ultrasonic crushing was performed (ice bath, 20% or 200 W power, ultrasonic for 3 s, interval for 10 s, repeated for 30 times), water bath was carried out at 95° C. for 5 min (tightened to prevent water loss), and after cooling in ice bath, 10000 g of the resulting solution was centrifuged at 4° C. for 10 min, then 500 uL acidic extract was added to 500 uL supernatant for neutralizing, after uniformly mixing, centrifuging was performed on 10000 g of solution at 4° C. for 10 min, the supernatant was taken and placed on the ice to detect NADH according to the standard kit procedures.
Intracellular NADH levels of BSGNKAP3, BSGNKAP4, BSGNKAP5, BSGNKAP6, BSGNKAP7 and BSGNKAP8 are shown in
The abovementioned description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Multiple modifications to these embodiments are obvious to those skilled in the art, and general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to theses embodiments illustrated herein, but needs to be in line with the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201810818899.6 | Jul 2018 | CN | national |
