Patent Application
20230086371
The present disclosure relates to a recording apparatus, an image-processing apparatus, a recording method, an image-processing method, and a recording medium.
There is known a recording apparatus for recording an image on a recording medium by applying a recording agent, such as an ink. In such a recording apparatus, it is known that ink droplets containing a coloring material come into contact with and attract each other on a recording medium and cause blurring (bleeding). To prevent the blurring (bleeding), a reaction liquid that reacts with the coloring material contained in the ink is used. The reaction liquid comes into contact with the ink containing the coloring material on the recording medium and aggregates the coloring material in the ink. An excessive amount of reaction liquid to aggregate the coloring material, however, causes excessive aggregation of the coloring material and may reduce the gloss of the recorded material. Thus, the application amount of reaction liquid should be appropriately determined and is known to be determined on the basis of the amount of coloring material ink.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-083299 discloses a method of making the application region of a processing liquid larger than the application region of a coloring material ink.
The present disclosure provides a recording apparatus that causes less degradation of image quality due to blurring caused by dot misalignment between an ink containing a coloring material and a reaction liquid.
The present disclosure includes a recording unit configured to record an image on a recording medium by applying an ink containing a coloring material and a reaction liquid containing a component that aggregates the coloring material, an acquisition unit configured to acquire multi-valued ink data to apply the ink, and a generating unit configured to generate first multi-valued reaction liquid data based on the multi-valued ink data and, when a tone value of a pixel of interest in the first multi-valued reaction liquid data is lower than a tone value of any one of a plurality of surrounding pixels around the pixel of interest, generate second multi-valued reaction liquid data by increasing the tone value of the pixel of interest.
Further features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings that may have different characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, performance parameters, or the like.
A first embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The configuration of the ink jet recording apparatus according to the present embodiment and the outline of the recording operation are described below. First, the recording medium P is held on a spool 6, as shown in
At a predetermined conveyance position, a carriage motor (not shown) is driven to reciprocally move (reciprocate) a carriage unit 2 along a guide shaft 8 extending in the X direction. While the scanning, an image is recorded by ejecting ink droplets from an ejection port provided in a recording head mounted on the carriage unit 2 with the timing based on a position signal obtained by the encoder 7. At this time, an image is recorded in a region with a width (hereinafter referred to as a bandwidth) corresponding to an array range of a plurality of ejection ports arranged in the recording head. In the present embodiment, ink droplets are ejected at a scanning speed of 40 inch/second, and the recording resolution is 1200 dpi (dot/inch). After the recording medium P is conveyed, an image is recorded in the next region of the bandwidth by the next print scanning of the carriage unit 2.
Driving force may be transmitted from the carriage motor to the carriage unit 2 via a carriage belt. The carriage belt may be replaced with another drive system, for example, which includes a lead screw rotationally driven by a carriage motor and extending in the X direction and an engaging portion provided in the carriage unit 2 and engaging with a groove of the lead screw.
The conveyed recording medium P is held between a feed roller and a pinch roller and is conveyed to a recording position on a platen 4. This recording position corresponds to a scanning region of the recording head mounted on the carriage unit 2. In a resting state, an orifice face of the recording head is typically capped. Thus, the cap is opened before the recording operation to allow the recording head and the carriage unit 2 to move. When data corresponding to one print scan is stored in a buffer, the carriage motor is driven to move the carriage unit 2 for the recording operation described above.
A recording element for ejecting ink as a droplet is provided inside each ejection port of a recording head 9. A flexible printed circuit board 19 is provided to supply a driving pulse for driving the recording element, a head temperature adjustment signal, and the like. One end of the flexible board is coupled to a controller (not shown) including a control circuit, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a processor, circuitry or other control processing configuration, for controlling the recording apparatus.
A user can input and confirm an instruction to stop the recording operation, information of the recording medium P, and the like on a user interface (UI) screen 50.
The recording head 9 according to the present embodiment includes an ejection port array 22RCT for ejecting a reaction liquid (RCT). The reaction liquid contains a reactive component that reacts with a coloring material contained in the coloring material inks. When a coloring material ink comes into contact with the reaction liquid on a recording medium, the component of the reaction liquid can aggregate the coloring material in the coloring material ink and thereby reduce blurring (bleeding). The reaction liquid according to the present embodiment contains no coloring material.
As illustrated in the figure, the recording head 9 includes the ejection port arrays 22K, 22C, 22M, 22Y, and 22RCT in this order. These ejection port arrays 22K, 22C, 22M, 22Y, and 22RCT include 1280 ejection ports 30 for ejecting their respective inks arranged in the Y direction (in the array direction) at a density of 1200 dpi. In the present embodiment, the amount of ink ejected from one ejection port 30 at a time is approximately 4.5 pl.
Each of these ejection port arrays is coupled to an ink tank (not shown) for storing their respective inks, and the ink is supplied from each ink tank. The recording head 9 and the ink tank may be a single body or may be separable. Detailed compositions of the black ink (K), cyan ink (C), magenta ink (M), yellow ink (Y), and reaction liquid (RCT) are described later.
Each coloring material ink may contain water-soluble resin fine particles that form a film by heating and improve the scratch resistance of a recorded material. Furthermore, a clear emulsion ink (Em) containing water-soluble resin fine particles and no coloring material may be further ejected as an ink different from the coloring material ink or the reaction liquid. In such a case, the recording head 9 includes an ejection port array 22Em for ejecting the clear emulsion ink.
Next, each ink constituting an ink set according to the present embodiment is described in detail below. Unless otherwise specified, the terms “part” and “%” are based on mass.
The composition of each ink is described in detail below.
Each of the coloring material inks (C, M, Y, and K) and the reaction liquid (RCT) used in the present embodiment contains a water-soluble organic solvent. The water-soluble organic solvent preferably has a boiling point in the range of 150° C. to 300° C. in terms of the wettability and moisture retention of an orifice surface of the recording head 9. The water-soluble organic solvent can be a ketone compound, such as acetone or cyclohexanone, a propylene glycol derivative, such as tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or a heterocyclic compound with a lactam structure exemplified by N-methyl-pyrrolidone or 2-pyrrolidone, in terms of the function of a film-forming aid for resin fine particles and swelling solubility in a recording medium with a resin layer. The water-soluble organic solvent content preferably ranges from 3% to 30% by weight in terms of ejection performance. More specifically, the water-soluble organic solvent is, for example, an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, or tert-butyl alcohol; an amide, such as dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide; a ketone or keto-alcohol, such as acetone or diacetone alcohol; an ether, such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane; a poly(alkylene glycol), such as poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(propylene glycol); an alkylene glycol with an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, thiodiglycol, hexylene glycol, or diethylene glycol; a lower alkyl ether acetate, such as polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; glycerin; a lower alkyl ether of a polyhydric alcohol, such as ethylene glycol monomethyl(or ethyl) ether, diethylene glycol methyl(or ethyl) ether, or triethylene glycol monomethyl(or ethyl) ether; a polyhydric alcohol, such as trimethylolpropane or trimethylolethane; or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, or 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone. These water-soluble organic solvents may be used alone or in combination. The water can be deionized water. The reaction liquid (RCT) may have any water-soluble organic solvent content. In addition to the components described above, if desirable, the coloring material ink (C, M, Y, or K) may contain a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, a preservative, and/or a fungicide to have desired physical properties.
Each of the coloring material inks (C, M, Y, and K) and the reaction liquid (RCT) used in the present embodiment contains a surfactant. The surfactant is used as a penetrant to improve the permeation of the ink into an ink jet recording medium. A larger addition amount of the surfactant more greatly reduces the surface tension of the ink and improves the wettability and permeation of the ink to a recording medium. In the present embodiment, a small amount of an acetylenic glycol EO adduct or the like is added as a surfactant such that each ink has a surface tension of 30 dyn/cm or less and that the difference in surface tension between the inks is 2 dyn/cm or less. More specifically, all the inks have a surface tension in the range of approximately 22 to 24 dyn/cm. The surface tension is measured with a fully-automatic surface tensiometer CBVP-Z (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). Any measuring instrument that can measure the surface tension of ink may be used instead.
The pH of each ink according to the present embodiment is stable on the alkaline side and ranges from 8.5 to 9.5. Each ink preferably has a pH in the range of 7.0 to 10.0 to prevent the elution or degradation of a member in contact with the ink in a recording apparatus or a recording head, to prevent a decrease in solubility of a resin dispersed in the ink, or the like. The pH is measured with a pH meter F-52 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. Any measuring instrument that can measure the pH of ink may be used instead.
A white ink (W) or a metallic ink (Mt) may also be used as a coloring material ink.
As described above, to prevent blurring (bleeding) and other problems, the reaction liquid contains a reactive component for partly or entirely insolubilizing a solid component of a coloring material ink. It aims to insolubilize a dye dissolved in or a pigment and a resin dispersed in a coloring material ink. The reaction liquid is, for example, a solution containing a polyvalent metal ion (for example, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, aluminum sulfate, iron chloride, or the like). For aggregation with such a cation, a system with a low-molecular-weight cationic polymer coagulant may also be used to neutralize the charges of water-soluble resin fine particles and insolubilize an anionic soluble substance.
Another reaction system may be an insolubilization system with a reaction liquid utilizing a difference in pH. As described above, most of the coloring material inks typically used for ink jet recording are stable on the alkaline side due to the properties of the coloring materials and the like. The pH typically ranges from approximately 7 to 10 and often ranges from 8.5 to 9.5 from an industrial perspective and in consideration of the effects of external environment. To aggregate and solidify a coloring material ink of such a system, an acidic solution may be mixed to change the pH and break the stable state, thereby aggregating a dispersed component. For such action, an acidic solution may be used as a reaction liquid.
A coloring material ink used in the present embodiment contains water-soluble resin fine particles. The term “water-soluble resin fine particles” refers to polymer fine particles dispersed in water. Specific examples include acrylic resin fine particles synthesized by emulsion polymerization of a monomer, such as a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester or a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl amide; styrene-acrylic resin fine particles synthesized by emulsion polymerization of a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester or a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl amide and a styrene monomer; polyethylene resin fine particles, polypropylene resin fine particles, polyurethane resin fine particles, and styrene-butadiene resin fine particles. Other examples include core-shell resin fine particles composed of a core and a shell with different polymer compositions and resin fine particles produced by emulsion polymerization around seed particles, which are acrylic fine particles synthesized in advance to control the particle size. Still other examples include hybrid resin fine particles produced by chemically bonding different resin fine particles, such as acrylic resin fine particles and urethane resin fine particles. Water-soluble resin fine particles are not necessarily contained in a coloring material ink and may be contained in a clear emulsion ink (Em).
The recording apparatus according to the present embodiment is used for recording on a low-permeability recording medium through which little water penetrates. The term “low-permeability recording medium”, as used herein, refers to a medium with little or no water absorbency, as described above. Thus, an aqueous ink containing no organic solvent is repelled and cannot form an image. On the other hand, such a medium has high water resistance and weatherability and is suitable as a medium for a printed article used outdoors. A recording medium typically used has a water contact angle of 45 degrees or more, preferably 60 degrees or more, at 25° C.
The low-permeability recording medium may be a recording medium with a plastic layer formed on the outermost surface of a substrate, a recording medium without an ink-receiving layer on a substrate, or a sheet, film, or banner made of glass, synthetic paper, or plastic. The applied plastic is, for example, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, or polypropylene. Due to their high water resistance, light fastness, and scratch resistance, these low-permeability recording media are typically used for recorded materials for outdoor exhibition.
A method for evaluating the permeability of a recording medium may be a Bristow method described in a JAPAN TAPPI paper pulp test method No. 51, “Kami oyobi itagami no ekitai kyushusei shiken hoho (a liquid absorption test method for paper and paper board)”. In the Bristow method, a predetermined amount of ink is injected into a holding container with an opening slit of a predetermined size and is brought into contact with a recording medium processed into a strip and wound around a disk through the slit. The disk is rotated while the holding container is fixed. The area (length) of an ink band transferred to the recording medium is measured. The amount of transfer per unit area (mL/m2) per second can be calculated from the area of the ink band. In the present embodiment, a recording medium with an amount of transferred ink (the amount of water absorption) of less than 10 mL/m2 at 30 msec1/2 measured by the Bristow method is regarded as a low-permeability recording medium.
Blurring at Boundary between Regions with Different Duties
A problem in the application of a known recording control method is described below as a comparative example.
When the coloring material ink and the reaction liquid are applied as illustrated in
By contrast, the present embodiment reduces blurring at a boundary section between two regions in which the coloring material ink has different duties by changing the application amount in accordance with the reaction liquid data based on the ink data of the coloring material ink. A specific method is described later with reference to
The host apparatus 312 is, for example, a personal computer (PC). The host apparatus 312 includes an application (not shown) and a printer driver (not shown) for the recording apparatus 100. The application performs processing for generating recorded image data to be transmitted to the printer driver and processing for setting information on print control on the basis of information specified by the user on a user interface (UI) screen of the host apparatus 312.
The recorded image data and the information on print control processed by the application are transmitted to the printer driver at the time of recording. The recorded image data are then transmitted to the recording apparatus 100 via the interface circuit 311 from the host apparatus 312 in which the printer driver is installed. The main controller 300 of the recording apparatus 100 performs image processing on the transmitted recorded image data.
The following program is stored in the memory 313 built in the main controller 300 of the recording apparatus 100 and is executed by the CPU 301. In
g(i,j)=Max(i+m,j+n) (1)
and when Max(i+m, j+n) is equal to or smaller than f(i, j), the output value g(i, j) of the pixel of interest (i, j) is represented by the formula 2:
g(i,j)=f(i,j) (2)
wherein m and n denote an integer in the range of −2 to 2.
As described above, in the present embodiment, a pixel value in the reaction liquid data is expanded by applying the maximum value filter to the reaction liquid data to change the value of a pixel of interest to the maximum value of surrounding pixels adjacent to the pixel of interest. This can reduce the occurrence of blurring due to the shortage of reaction liquid at a boundary between two regions of a coloring material ink with different duties even when dot misalignment of ink occurs.
In the present embodiment, the maximum value filter has a shape of 5×5 pixels, and the adjoining pixels are 24 pixels surrounding the pixel of interest. The present disclosure is not limited to this, and any square filter of any size may be used. For example, the size of the filter may be changed depending on the type of recording medium. A larger filter is used for a recording medium with a surface easily blurred or for a recording medium with a smaller thickness and with a larger distance from a recording head because dot misalignment between a coloring material ink and a reaction liquid tends to increase. The size of the filter may also be changed depending on the scanning speed of a recording head. A larger filter is used for a recording head with a higher scanning speed because dot misalignment between a coloring material ink and a reaction liquid tends to increase. An instruction on the size of the filter may be received from the user.
In the present embodiment, a larger amount of reaction liquid is applied to a boundary region of a region with a relatively small application amount of coloring material ink adjacent to a region with a relatively large application amount of coloring material ink than to an inner region not adjacent to the region with a relatively large application amount of coloring material ink. Although the application amount of reaction liquid in the boundary region is the same as in the region with a larger application amount of coloring material ink in the above example, they may not be exactly the same.
The size of the filter may also be changed depending on the transfer speed of a recording medium. For a recording apparatus that ejects coloring material inks and a reaction liquid simultaneously with the conveyance of a recording medium, a larger filter is used at a higher transfer speed of the recording medium because dot misalignment between the coloring material inks and the reaction liquid tends to increase with the transfer speed. The size of the filter may also be changed depending on the distance between a recording head and a recording medium. A larger filter is used for a larger distance between a recording head and a recording medium because dot misalignment between a coloring material ink and a reaction liquid tends to increase with the distance. The size of the filter may also be changed depending on the recording mode. For a recording mode with a large dot misalignment between a coloring material ink and a reaction liquid, a large filter may be used.
In the embodiment described above, one K ink is used for processing. In the present embodiment, processing using ink data of coloring material inks of a plurality of colors is described for an ink jet recording apparatus including the coloring material inks of a plurality of colors. A method of a multi-valued expansion filter according to the present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to
In the multi-valued reaction liquid data of
Thus, in the present embodiment, also for ink data of a plurality of colors, the occurrence of blurring due to the shortage of reaction liquid at a boundary between two regions of a coloring material ink with different total duties can be reduced when dot misalignment of ink occurs.
In the present embodiment, the tone values in reaction liquid data are determined by the total duty of coloring material inks. On the other hand, it is known that the occurrence of blurring (bleeding) varies depending on the combination of coloring material inks. A tone value in reaction liquid data may be changed depending on the combination of coloring material inks so that a larger amount of reaction liquid can be applied for a combination of coloring material inks that tends to cause blurring (bleeding). For example, when the region 801 has ink data M and a tone value of 255, and the region 802 has ink data C and a tone value of 128, the tone values in the reaction liquid data of the region 801 and the region 802 may be 64 and 32, respectively, and when the region 801 has ink data Y and a tone value of 255, and the region 802 has ink data Bk and a tone value of 128, the tone values in the reaction liquid data of the region 801 and the region 802 may be 96 and 48, respectively.
In the embodiment described above, the shape of the multi-valued expansion filter in the step S603 is square, and the reaction liquid is vertically and horizontally expanded by the same amount of two pixels from a high-duty region to a low-duty region. On the other hand, in a serial type recording apparatus that records an image by moving a recording head in a direction orthogonal to the conveying direction of a recording medium P, dot misalignment tends to increase in the scanning direction of the recording head than in the conveying direction. Thus, it is desirable to reduce blurring in the scanning direction and decrease the application amount of reaction liquid in the conveying direction to reduce detrimental effects caused by excessive application of the reaction liquid, such as lower gloss. The present embodiment addresses such problems by making expansion in the conveying direction smaller than expansion in the scanning direction.
A method of a multi-valued expansion filter according to the present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to
In the multi-valued reaction liquid data of
g(i,j)=Max(i+m,j+n) (3)
and when Max(i+m, j+n) is equal to or smaller than f(i, j), the output value g(i, j) of the pixel of interest (i, j) is represented by the formula 4:
g(i,j)=f(i,j) (4)
wherein m denotes an integer in the range of −1 to 1, and n denotes an integer in the range of −2 to 2.
The shape of the maximum value filter may be longer in the conveying direction than in the scanning direction. For example, the maximum value filter may have a shape of 3×5 pixels. The present embodiment can decrease the expansion of a reaction liquid in the direction in which dot misalignment is less likely to occur relative to the direction in which dot misalignment is more likely to occur, thereby preventing blurring due to the shortage of reaction liquid caused by dot misalignment and lower image quality caused by excessive application of the reaction liquid, such as lower gloss.
In the embodiment described above, the multi-valued expansion filter applies the maximum value filter to the pixel of interest (i, j) and updates the value of the pixel of interest (i, j) to the maximum value of the pixels in the filter.
When expanding a region to which a reaction liquid is applied makes the boundary between the expanded portion and the non-expanded portion conspicuous due to the difference in the amount of the reaction liquid, however, the difference in the amount of the reaction liquid between the expanded portion and the non-expanded portion can be minimized. At the same time, to reduce the decrease in gloss, it is also desired to minimize the application amount of reaction liquid. Thus, the present embodiment addresses such a problem by increasing the amount of reaction liquid in the expanded portion relative to the amount of reaction liquid before the expansion and decreasing the amount of reaction liquid in the expanded portion relative to the maximum value of the amount of reaction liquid in surrounding pixels.
In the multi-valued reaction liquid data of
g(i,j)=¾×(Max(i+m,j+n)−f(i,j))+f(i,j) (5)
wherein g(i, j) is an integer, and a calculation result of a decimal number is rounded up.
When Max(i+m, j+n) is larger than f(i, j) and when Max(i+m, j+n)−f(i, j) is 32 or less, g(i, j) is represented by the formula 6:
g(i,j)=½×(Max(i+m,j+n)−f(i,j))+f(i,j) (6)
wherein g(i, j) is an integer, and a calculation result of a decimal number is rounded up.
On the other hand, when Max(i+m, j+n) is equal to or smaller than f(i, j), g(i, j) is represented by the formula 7:
g(i,j)=f(i,j) (7)
wherein m and n denote an integer in the range of −2 to 2.
Under the conditions described above, applying the 5×5 filter of
When Max(i+m, j+n) is larger than f(i, j) and when Max(i+m, j+n)−f(i, j) is more than 32, the output value g(i, j) is not limited to the formula 5 and may satisfy the formula 8:
Max(i+m,j+n)>g(i,j)>¾×(Max(i+m,j+n)−f(i,j))+f(i,j) (8)
When Max(i+m, j+n) is larger than f(i, j) and when Max(i+m, j+n)−f(i, j) is 32 or less, the output value g(i, j) is not limited to the formula 6 and may satisfy the formula 9:
Max(i+m,j+n)>g(i,j)>½×(Max(i+m,j+n)−f(i,j))+f(i,j) (9)
Although represented by the formulae (8) and (9), the conditions for the output value g (i, j) may also be represented by any formula that satisfies Max(i+m, j+n)>g(i, j). Furthermore, although the conditional formulae are two in the present embodiment, the conditional formulae may be one or three or more.
The present embodiment can reduce the difference in the amount of reaction liquid between the expanded portion and the non-expanded portion of the reaction liquid portion to make the boundary between the expanded portion and the non-expanded portion inconspicuous. The present embodiment can also reduce the decrease in gloss.
Although the multi-valued expansion filter is used for the expansion process in the embodiment described above, another method may use a unit other than the filter. In the present embodiment, an expansion process is performed without a filter.
The present embodiment can reduce the occurrence of blurring due to the shortage of reaction liquid at a boundary between two regions of a coloring material ink with different duties caused by ink dot misalignment without using a filter.
Although a filter is used for the multi-valued expansion process in the first to fourth embodiments, the filter may not be used. For example, there is a method of detecting regions with a tone difference and multiplying multi-valued data at a boundary section by a factor to increase the value.
Although the maximum value in a region corresponding to the filter size is used in the above embodiments, the maximum value may not be used. In the expansion process, it is sufficient if the value can be changed to a value larger than the tone value of a pixel of interest.
Furthermore, although it is assumed that the expansion process is performed in the above embodiments, whether the expansion process is performed or not may depend on the attribute of print data. For example, when the attribute of print data is a “picture”, the expansion process may not be performed, and when the attribute of print data is “character/line drawing”, the expansion process may be performed.
Furthermore, although reaction liquid data for applying a reaction liquid are described in the above embodiments, the above configuration can also be applied to clear emulsion ink (Em) used to improve glossiness.
Furthermore, although the serial type recording apparatus is used in the above embodiments, a line head type recording apparatus may also be used, in which a recording medium P is scanned with respect to a fixed recording head to record an image.
The present disclosure can reduce degradation of image quality due to blurring caused by dot misalignment between an ink containing a coloring material and a reaction liquid.
Embodiment(s) of the present disclosure can also be realized by a computer of a system or apparatus that reads out and executes computer executable instructions (e.g., one or more programs) recorded on a storage medium (which may also be referred to more fully as a ‘non-transitory computer-readable storage medium’) to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s) and/or that includes one or more circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) for performing the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s), and by a method performed by the computer of the system or apparatus by, for example, reading out and executing the computer executable instructions from the storage medium to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s) and/or controlling the one or more circuits to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s). The computer may comprise one or more processors (e.g., central processing unit (CPU), micro processing unit (MPU)) and may include a network of separate computers or separate processors to read out and execute the computer executable instructions. The computer executable instructions may be provided to the computer, for example, from a network or the storage medium. The storage medium may include, for example, one or more of a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a storage of distributed computing systems, an optical disk (such as a compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), or Blu-ray Disc (BD)?), a flash memory device, a memory card, and the like.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-154546 filed Sep. 22, 2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-154546 | Sep 2021 | JP | national |
