1.0 Field of the Disclosure
This disclosure relates generally to ammunition, and more specifically, to a reduced friction expanding bullet with improved core retention and a method of manufacturing the same.
2.0 Related Art
For a bullet to achieve optimum terminal performance, it is desirable that its jacket and core penetrate a target as a single unit and remain connected throughout the course of travel, regardless of the resistance offered by the target material.
Various attempts thus have been made over the years to form bullets wherein the bullet's jacket and core remain coupled together on impact. One of the earliest and simplest attempts utilized a knurling method which created a “cannelure” in a jacketed bullet. A cannelure typically includes a narrow, 360° circumferential depression in the shank portion of the bullet jacket. While the cannelure was originally conceived for use as a crimping feature, various manufacturers have attempted to use it as both a crimping groove and as a core retaining feature, or solely as a core retaining feature. The knurling process typically utilizes a multi-tooth knurling wheel which cuts into the jacket and forces jacket material radially inwardly, subsequently creating a shallow internal protrusion which extends a short distance into the bullet core. As a result, the jacket wall often can be weakened circumferentially in both the fore and aft areas of the cannelure. The cannelure approach thus has been found to be ineffective in keeping the core and jacket together as upon impact with a hard barrier material, the core tends to immediately extrude beyond the confines of the shallow inner protrusion, subsequently sliding out of the jacket. Depending on jacket wall thickness, core hardness, and impact energy, axial core movement can actually “iron out” the internal geometry of the cannelure as the core slides forward. In addition, when impacting windshield glass, the jacket can crack and/or be severed circumferentially along the weakened boundaries of the cannelure. Such a failure can result in jacket-core separation and a concomitant loss in bullet mass and momentum, which reduces target penetration. Even multiple cannelures have proven ineffective in retaining the core, due to the inadequate amount of square area they are collectively able to cover.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,336,756 (Schreiber) describes a bullet intended for hunting. The bullet comprises a cold-worked jacket utilizing a narrow, inwardly-extending section of integral jacket material terminating in a “knife-like edge” that is formed from a thickened portion of the jacket wall and engages and holds the base of the core within the jacket after the bullet is finally formed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,856,160 (Habbe, et al.) also describes a bullet that appears to utilize a reverse taper on the rearward interior of the jacket to lock the core within the jacket.
Other attempts at retaining the core within the jacket have been used in the past. Such attempts range from providing a “partition” separating a rear core from a front core, electroplating a copper skin around the core prior to final forming the bullet, and heat-bonding (or similar heat treatment) the core to the interior of the jacket wall after the bullet is finally formed. Shortcomings of these methods can include one or more of the following: Jacket-core eccentricity resulting in less than desirable accuracy due to bullet imbalance; slower manufacturing rates; high or increased costs; and/or lower reliability.
This disclosure relates generally to a low-cost, easily manufactured expanding bullet having a malleable core inside a jacket formed from a malleable material with a hardness greater than that of the core, and which includes a core-retaining feature comprising a portion of the jacket wall. The present disclosure further relates to a method of making a low-cost, multi-component bullet having a swage-induced radiused area formed in a portion of the jacket wall, which radiused area forms a robust, inwardly projecting core-locking feature within the interior of the jacket. As a result, the core remains locked within the jacket even after impact with a hard barrier material such as windshield glass or sheet steel, for example. The radiused area further can provide a reduced bearing surface and reduced frictional resistance resulting in higher bullet velocity and formation of a living hinge in the radiused area to help expedite and facilitate uniform bullet expansion.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the expanding bullet includes a malleable core having a first end and a second end, a jacket comprising malleable material surrounding the malleable core. The jacket further has a first or proximal end, a second or distal end, and a radiused circumferential depression is formed in the jacket. This radiused circumferential depression is configured to retain the malleable core within the jacket during use, with at least a portion of the inwardly protruding jacket wall correspondingly engaging and compressing or urging the core inwardly so as to form a mating circumferential depression or radiused area in the malleable core.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method for manufacturing a bullet, includes compacting a malleable core into a jacket to create a pre-form, which is urged into a die to form a transition shoulder therealong. The pre-form is then engaged with an axial force, causing a portion of the jacket wall to collapse inwardly, adjacent the transition shoulder portion, thus forming an indentation about the circumference of a jacket, and further forming a corresponding indention about a circumference of a malleable core within the jacket such that the jacket and malleable core are retained together during impact with even hard barrier materials at a desired velocity.
Additional features, advantages, and embodiments of the disclosure may be set forth or apparent from consideration of the following detailed description, drawings, and claims. Moreover, it is to be understood that both the foregoing summary of the disclosure and the following detailed description are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation without limiting the scope of the disclosure as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. No attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than may be necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention and the various ways in which it may be practiced.
a-7d illustrate the changing shape of the nose-cut pre-form of
The embodiments of the invention and the various features thereof are explained in detail with reference to the non-limiting embodiments and examples that are described and/or illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the features illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and features of one embodiment may be employed with other embodiments as the skilled artisan would recognize, even if not explicitly stated herein. Descriptions of certain components and processing techniques may be omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments of the invention. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the invention may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the examples and embodiments herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the appended claims and applicable law. Moreover, it is noted that like reference numerals represent similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
It is understood that the invention is not limited to the particular methodology, devices, apparatus, materials, applications, etc., described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Preferred methods, devices, and materials are described, although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the invention.
The disclosure is generally directed to an expanding bullet including a metal jacket and a malleable core and having a reduced friction contour or configuration and an improved core retention feature formed therein. Swaging a pre-form of the bullet in a profile die forms an inwardly projecting radiused area or circumferential protrusion on the interior wall of the jacket which embeds itself in the malleable core. This radiused area or circumferential protrusion provides a core retention or locking feature that generally locks/retains the core within the jacket without weakening the jacket. This core-retention or locking feature essentially comprises a wide-area radius which also serves as a living hinge to help expedite and/or promote uniform bullet expansion. The jacket and core accordingly are retained and/or remain locked together even after the bullet is fired from a firearm and impacts hard barrier materials such as windshield glass, sheet steel or the like, so as to retain a large percentage of the original weight of the bullet while also enabling a controlled or desired expansion of the bullet on impact. The present bullet with its core retention feature is adapted to achieve a post-barrier penetration of ballistic gelatin that exceeds 12 inches—the minimum depth called for in the FBI's Ballistic Test Protocol. In so doing, the bullet exhibits a terminally effective degree of expansion beyond its original diameter.
d generally illustrate one example method of forming a bullet 160 with an improved core retention feature 130 according to the principles of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 8-10. In particular,
As shown in
As shown in
After seating of the core 110 within the cylindrical jacket 100 as shown in
The opposite ends of the pre-form are connected by a transition angle which forms a tapered shoulder 125 along the body of the jacket 100. It also should be noted, however, that in lieu of a transition angle, the ends of the pre-form can be connected by a radius, or generally curved transition area. As indicated in
Moreover, in one aspect, the jacket weakening features 145 may comprise a plurality of longitudinally projecting spaced slits 145 forming spaced petals therebetween and having side edges 146 (
a-7d are exemplary illustrations showing the changing shape of the pre-form 114 of
As indicated in
While the circumferential indentation 130 is shown as being located just rearward of the greatest width of the ogive 155, the circumferential indentation 130 also can be positioned along any portion of the shank 165 or bearing surface of the bullet. However, the circumferential indentation 130 can be located at varying locations along the shank 165 of the bullet wherein the living hinge aspect or area of the invention preferably is maintained. As a result, the shape and/or internal geometry derived from the use of a wide-area, externally situated radius of the circumferential indentation helps foster superior bullet core retention ability during impact, while also facilitating a desired, controlled terminally effective expansion of the jacket and core, as compared with prior art bullets. Additionally, the wide-area radiused shape of the circumferential indentation further can reduce the bullet's bearing surface, which in turn can help reduce in-bore friction when the bullet is fired from a firearm.
b-7c illustrate two incrementally progressive shape changes of the pre-form 114 which can occur while inside the profile die (indicated by phantom lines 148 in
The axial length and the radial depth of the circumferential indentation formed in the outside surface of the axial compression of the core by the interior wall of the jacket coalesce to provide superior core-locking ability. In one example embodiment, the circumferential indentation 130 may be constructed to have a radial depth RD (
It should be understood that, regardless of its intended use or the firearm from which it is fired, the bullet as disclosed herein may have any forward profile or any nose type. Any forward profile or nose type can be used. The front portion of the bullet can be ogival (as shown in the illustrations herein), conical, frusto-conical, spherical or cylindrical (the latter terminating in a flat at the nose). By the same token, the rear profile of the bullet can be of any shape desired. The rear profile does not have to be flat as shown in the illustrations herein. As an alternative, the base of the bullet may terminate in a “boat tail” shape if desired.
The foregoing description generally illustrates and describes various embodiments of the present invention. It will, however, be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the above-discussed construction of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed herein, and that it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as being illustrative, and not to be taken in a limiting sense. Furthermore, the scope of the present disclosure shall be construed to cover various modifications, combinations, additions, alterations, etc., above and to the above-described embodiments, which shall be considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, various features and characteristics of the present invention as discussed herein may be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments of the invention, and numerous variations, modifications, and additions further can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
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