Patent Application
20160105830
1. Field
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to preventing a user equipment (UE) from reaching a maximum number of network access failures when the UE attempts to switch from a first radio access technology (RAT) to a second RAT.
2. Background
Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on. Such networks, which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources. One example of such a network is the universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN). The UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The UMTS, which is the successor to global system for mobile communications (GSM) technologies, currently supports various air interface standards, such as wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA), time division-code division multiple access (TD-CDMA), and time division-synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA). For example, China is pursuing TD-SCDMA as the underlying air interface in the UTRAN architecture with its existing GSM infrastructure as the core network. The UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communications protocols, such as high speed packet access (HSPA), which provides higher data transfer speeds and capacity to associated UMTS networks. HSPA is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols, high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) that extends and improves the performance of existing wideband protocols.
As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, research and development continue to advance the UMTS technologies not only to meet the growing demand for mobile broadband access, but to advance and enhance the user experience with mobile communications.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for wireless communication includes attempting, by a user equipment (UE), to access a second radio access technology (RAT) from a first RAT. The method also includes preventing the UE from reaching a maximum number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for attempting to access a second radio access technology (RAT) from a first RAT. The apparatus may also include means for preventing a user equipment (UE) from reaching a maximum number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT.
Another aspect discloses an apparatus for wireless communication and includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The processor(s) is configured to attempt to access a second radio access technology (RAT) from a first RAT. The processor(s) is also configured to prevent a user equipment (UE) from reaching a maximum number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT.
Yet another aspect discloses a computer program product for wireless communications in a wireless network having a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The computer readable medium has non-transitory program code recorded thereon which, when executed by the processor(s), causes the processor(s) to attempt to access a second radio access technology (RAT) from a first RAT. The program code also causes the processor(s) to prevent a user equipment (UE) from reaching a maximum number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT.
This has outlined, rather broadly, the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described below. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this disclosure may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the teachings of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features, which are believed to be characteristic of the disclosure, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure.
The features, nature, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify correspondingly throughout.
The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the appended drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
Turning now to
The geographic region covered by the RNS 107 may be divided into a number of cells, with a radio transceiver apparatus serving each cell. A radio transceiver apparatus is commonly referred to as a node B in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), an access point (AP), or some other suitable terminology. For clarity, two node Bs 108 are shown; however, the RNS 107 may include any number of wireless node Bs. The node Bs 108 provide wireless access points to a core network 104 for any number of mobile apparatuses. Examples of a mobile apparatus include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, or any other similar functioning device. The mobile apparatus is commonly referred to as user equipment (UE) in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. For illustrative purposes, three UEs 110 are shown in communication with the node Bs 108. The downlink (DL), also called the forward link, refers to the communication link from a node B to a UE, and the uplink (UL), also called the reverse link, refers to the communication link from a UE to a node B.
The core network 104, as shown, includes a GSM core network. However, as those skilled in the art will recognize, the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented in a RAN, or other suitable access network, to provide UEs with access to types of core networks other than GSM networks.
In this example, the core network 104 supports circuit switched services with a mobile switching center (MSC) 112 and a gateway MSC (GMSC) 114. One or more RNCs, such as the RNC 106, may be connected to the MSC 112. The MSC 112 is an apparatus that controls call setup, call routing, and UE mobility functions. The MSC 112 also includes a visitor location register (VLR) (not shown) that contains subscriber-related information for the duration that a UE is in the coverage area of the MSC 112. The GMSC 114 provides a gateway through the MSC 112 for the UE to access a circuit switched network 116. The GMSC 114 includes a home location register (HLR) (not shown) containing subscriber data, such as the data reflecting the details of the services to which a particular user has subscribed. The HLR is also associated with an authentication center (AuC) that contains subscriber-specific authentication data. When a call is received for a particular UE, the GMSC 114 queries the HLR to determine the UE's location and forwards the call to the particular MSC serving that location.
General packet radio service (GPRS) is designed to provide packet-data services at speeds higher than those available with standard GSM circuit switched data services. The core network 104 also supports packet-data services with a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 118 and a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 120. The GGSN 120 provides a connection for the RAN 102 to a packet-based network 122. The packet-based network 122 may be the Internet, a private data network, or some other suitable packet-based network. The primary function of the GGSN 120 is to provide the UEs 110 with packet-based network connectivity. Data packets are transferred between the GGSN 120 and the UEs 110 through the SGSN 118, which performs primarily the same functions in the packet-based domain as the MSC 112 performs in the circuit switched domain.
The UMTS air interface is a spread spectrum direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system. The spread spectrum DS-CDMA spreads user data over a much wider bandwidth through multiplication by a sequence of pseudorandom bits called chips. The TD-SCDMA standard is based on such direct sequence spread spectrum technology and additionally calls for a time division duplexing (TDD), rather than a frequency division duplexing (FDD) as used in many FDD mode UMTS/W-CDMA systems. TDD uses the same carrier frequency for both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) between a node B 108 and a UE 110, but divides uplink and downlink transmissions into different time slots in the carrier.
At the UE 350, a receiver 354 receives the downlink transmission through an antenna 352 and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier. The information recovered by the receiver 354 is provided to a receive frame processor 360, which parses each frame, and provides the midamble 214 (
In the uplink, data from a data source 378 and control signals from the controller/processor 390 are provided to a transmit processor 380. The data source 378 may represent applications running in the UE 350 and various user interfaces (e.g., keyboard). Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlink transmission by the node B 310, the transmit processor 380 provides various signal processing functions including CRC codes, coding and interleaving to facilitate FEC, mapping to signal constellations, spreading with OVSFs, and scrambling to produce a series of symbols. Channel estimates, derived by the channel processor 394 from a reference signal transmitted by the node B 310 or from feedback contained in the midamble transmitted by the node B 310, may be used to select the appropriate coding, modulation, spreading, and/or scrambling schemes. The symbols produced by the transmit processor 380 will be provided to a transmit frame processor 382 to create a frame structure. The transmit frame processor 382 creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with a midamble 214 (
The uplink transmission is processed at the node B 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. A receiver 335 receives the uplink transmission through the antenna 334 and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier. The information recovered by the receiver 335 is provided to a receive frame processor 336, which parses each frame, and provides the midamble 214 (
The controller/processors 340 and 390 may be used to direct the operation at the node B 310 and the UE 350, respectively. For example, the controller/processors 340 and 390 may provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. The computer-readable media of memories 342 and 392 may store data and software for the node B 310 and the UE 350, respectively. For example, the memory 392 of the UE 350 may store a multi-mode switching module 391 which, when executed by the controller/processor 390, configures the UE 350 to avoid entering a limited service state according to aspects of the present disclosure. A scheduler/processor 346 at the node B 310 may be used to allocate resources to the UEs and schedule downlink and/or uplink transmissions for the UEs.
Some networks, such as a newly deployed network, may cover only a portion of a geographical area. Another network, such as an older more established network, may better cover the area, including remaining portions of the geographical area.
The geographical area 400 may include RAT-1 cells 402 and RAT-2 cells 404. In one example, the RAT-1 cells are TD-SCDMA/GSM cells and the RAT-2 cells are LTE cells. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of radio access technologies may be utilized within the cells. A user equipment (UE) 406 may move from one cell, such as a RAT-1 cell 404, to another cell, such as a RAT-2 cell 402. The movement of the UE 406 may specify a handover or a cell reselection.
In order to expand the services available to subscribers, some user equipment (UEs) support communications with multiple radio access technologies (RATs) for both wireless wide area network (WWAN) such as second/third/fourth (2G/3G/4G) generation cellular technology and wireless local area network (WLAN) communications such as Wi-Fi.
Illustratively, WWAN communication is supported by a base station 512 and the cellular modem 514 and WLAN communication is supported by the access point 516 and the WLAN modem 518. A connectivity device 520 may be used to exchange information between the cellular modem 514 and the WLAN modem 518. The connectivity device 520 enables a network provider or the user equipment to control how an end user of the multi-mode UE 510 actually connects to the network.
For example, a network provider may be able to direct the multi-mode UE to connect to the network via the short-range WLAN, when available. This capability may allow a network provider to route traffic in a manner that eases congestion of particular air resources. The traffic may be re-routed from the short-range WLAN when conditions mandate, such as when a mobile user increases speed to a certain level not suitable for short-range WLAN services or when the UE leaves coverage of the WLAN. Moreover, utilizing short-range WLAN services when available may result in less power consumption by the multi-mode UE 510 and, consequently, longer battery life.
In some UEs, switching from a first RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi) to a second RAT (e.g., LTE/GSM/TD-SCDMA) does not include an LTE attach procedure to communicate with the second RAT. For example, the UE may be configured to always attach to or be associated with both the first RAT and the second RAT. Thus, when communication path (internet protocol data path) of the first RAT fails, the communication path is set to the second RAT. Similarly, when the first RAT is recovered, the communication path is set to the first RAT. For example, the UE may periodically scan the first RAT to determine when the first RAT can be recovered.
When the second RAT coverage area is weak such that communication on the second RAT is unavailable, the switching attempt to the second RAT may be unsuccessful. For example, attempts to establish communication with the second RAT may result in network access failure (e.g., radio access channel (RACH) failure). Some systems may allow the UE to attempt to switch to the second RAT for a specified or maximum number of attempts, after which the UE enters a limited service state. For example, the UE enters the limited service state after a maximum number of network access failures.
In the limited service state, the UE cannot establish communication with any RAT. For example, the UE cannot receive or make calls in the limited service state. In some instances, the UE stays in the limited service state for a predefined amount of time (e.g., fifteen to thirty minutes). In this state, the UE cannot establish communication with any RATs until the predefined time expires even when coverage in a target RAT (e.g., LTE or WiFi) becomes available to the UE. Thus, it is undesirable to enter the limited service state.
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to avoiding entry into a limited service state when the UE attempts to switch from a first radio access technology (RAT) to a second RAT when the UE experiences a communication service outage with respect to the second RAT.
In one aspect of the disclosure, the UE prevents a specified (or maximum) number of unsuccessful attempts to switch to the second RAT (e.g., GSM). That is, the UE avoids a specified (or maximum) number of network access (e.g., radio access channel (RACH)) failures. For example, when the maximum number of attempts to switch to the second RAT is five, the UE may attempt to switch to the second RAT up to the fourth time, after which the UE attempts to switch to a different RAT. In one aspect of the disclosure, the specified number of attempts to switch to the second RAT or the specified number of network access failures may be pre-defined. In some aspects, a network may determine the specified number of network access failures.
In one aspect of the disclosure, when the UE experiences a communication service outage (or weak signal) with respect to the first RAT the UE attempts to establish communication with the second RAT (e.g., GSM). However, attempts to access the second RAT may be unsuccessful when the coverage area of the second RAT is weak such that communication on the second RAT is unavailable. As a result, the attempts to switch to the second RAT may result in a network access failure. In this present disclosure, the UE is prevented from unsuccessfully attempting to switch to the second RAT for the specified number of times to avoid the maximum number of radio access channel (RACH) failures. The UE may be prevented from reaching the specified number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT (e.g., third RAT) before reaching the specified number of failures.
In some aspects of the disclosure, the third RAT may be the same as the first RAT. In other aspects, the third RAT is different from the first RAT. For example, when only the second RAT is subject to the communication outage, the UE may attempt to return to the first RAT. In another example, the UE may attempt to switch to the different RAT (e.g., LTE or WiFi). Switching to the third RAT provides the opportunity for the UE to establish communication, rather than enter the limited service state for the predefined amount of time.
The UE may attempt to switch to the different RAT during the service outage associated with the second RAT based on the location of the UE. For example, the UE may determine or receive an indication of coverage strength in the location with respect to different RATs. Previously visited locations and corresponding coverage information with respect to the different RATs may be stored by the UE or be readily available to the UE. For example, the stored information corresponds to an earlier communication before a previous communication service outage in the same location. If the UE was engaged in communication two days prior to entering a coverage area (e.g., an elevator) where the UE experienced a communication service outage, identification information (e.g., access point ID) associated with that communication may be stored. The identification information may be recalled to determine a current location of the UE.
Thus, when the UE enters the coverage area, the UE may determine whether communication on the second RAT, for example, is available based on the stored information. For example, the UE may determine whether to switch to the different RAT before the maximum number of attempts based on the stored information.
In another aspect of the disclosure, the location of the UE is determined based on a detected base station, context information of the UE and other location detection implementations. For example, the location may be determined based on a basic service set identification (BSSID) of an access point (AP) of the first/second RAT from which the UE loses communication within or prior to entering the location (e.g., elevator). The location may also be determined based on positioning system information such as a global positioning system (GPS) data. As noted, the context information includes personal schedule information of a user. For example, schedule information may indicate a location and time of a user's appointment.
The apparatus includes a processing system 714 coupled to a transceiver 730. The transceiver 730 is coupled to one or more antennas 720. The transceiver 730 enables communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processing system 714 includes a processor 722 coupled to a non-transitory computer-readable medium 726. The processor 722 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 726. The software, when executed by the processor 722, causes the processing system 714 to perform the various functions described for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium 726 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 722 when executing software.
The processing system 714 includes a connection establishing module 702 for attempting to access a second radio access technology (RAT), for example when a first RAT is in a service outage. The connection establishing module 702 also prevents a user equipment (UE) from reaching a maximum number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT. The modules may be software modules running in the processor 722, resident/stored in the computer-readable medium 726, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 722, or some combination thereof. The processing system 714 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 392, and/or the controller/processor 390.
In one configuration, an apparatus such as a UE is configured for wireless communication including means for attempting to access the second RAT. In one aspect, the attempting means may be the antennas 352/720, the receiver 354, the transmitter 356, the transceiver 730, the channel processor 394, the receive frame processor 360, the receive processor 370, transmit frame processor 382, the transmit processor 380, the controller/processor 390, the memory 392, the multi-mode switching module 391, the connection establishing module 702, and/or the processing system 714 configured to perform the aforementioned means. The UE is also configured to include means for preventing a user equipment (UE) from reaching a maximum number of network access failures in the second RAT by attempting to acquire a different RAT. In one aspect, the preventing means may be the controller/processor 390, the memory 392, the multi-mode switching module 391, the connection establishing module 702, and/or the processing system 714 configured to perform the aforementioned means. In one configuration, the means functions correspond to the aforementioned structures. In another aspect, the aforementioned means may be any module or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
Several aspects of a telecommunications system have been presented with reference to WLAN, LTE, TD-SCDMA and GSM systems. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure may be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards. By way of example, various aspects may be extended to other UMTS systems such as W-CDMA, high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), high speed packet access plus (HSPA+) and TD-CDMA. Various aspects may also be extended to systems employing long term evolution (LTE) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), CDMA2000, evolution-data optimized (EV-DO), ultra mobile broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, ultra-wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and/or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
Several processors have been described in connection with various apparatuses and methods. These processors may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such processors are implemented as hardware or software will depend upon the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the system. By way of example, a processor, any portion of a processor, or any combination of processors presented in this disclosure may be implemented with a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable processing components configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. The functionality of a processor, any portion of a processor, or any combination of processors presented in this disclosure may be implemented with software being executed by a microprocessor, microcontroller, DSP, or other suitable platform.
Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software may reside on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may include, by way of example, memory such as a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, or a removable disk. Although memory is shown separate from the processors in the various aspects presented throughout this disclosure, the memory may be internal to the processors (e.g., cache or register).
Computer-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product. By way of example, a computer-program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
It is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed is an illustration of exemplary processes. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically recited therein.
The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. A phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b and c. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.”
