TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a reflector antenna, a method of feeding the same, and a communication system. In particular, the present invention relates to a reflector antenna that radiates a radio wave when its primary radiator arranged on the focus side of its reflector is coaxially fed, a method of feeding the same, and a communication system.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally known reflector antennas for use in microwave and millimeter wave communication systems include ones intended for coaxial feed. A related technology on such a reflector antenna for coaxial feed will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a reflector antenna which includes a reflector 11. The reflector 11 has a circular antenna aperture (antenna opening) 11a with a radius of r, and a reflecting surface (reflector surface) 11b that reflects radio waves. The reflecting surface 11b is curved to a paraboloid of revolution (hereinafter, paraboloid). A primary radiator 1 that radiates a radio wave Rd toward the reflecting surface 11b is arranged on the focus side of the paraboloid of the reflector 11. The primary radiator 1 is supported by a primary radiator support arm (hereinafter, arm) 2 so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis Ax of the paraboloid of the reflector 11. The arm 2 is arranged to extend from the vertex side to the focus side of the reflecting surface 11b so as to circumvent the rotation axis Ax of the paraboloid of the reflector 11. A feed unit is installed in the arm 2. The feed unit includes a coaxial cable 3 that feeds the primary radiator 1, and a coaxial connector 4 that connects the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1.
With the reflector antenna of the foregoing configuration, the coaxial cable 3 arranged in the arm 2 feeds the primary radiator 1 through the coaxial connector 4. The primary radiator 1 radiates a vertically- or horizontally-polarized radio wave Rd toward the reflecting surface 11b of the reflector 11. The radiated wave Rd is reflected by the reflecting surface 11b and emitted to the outside through the antenna aperture 11a. The vertical polarization and horizontal polarization of the radiated wave Rd are switched by rotating the arm 2 along with the coaxial cable 3 and the coaxial connector 4, about the rotation axis Ax of the paraboloid by 90° with respect to the reflector 11 (see the direction of rotation Rt in the diagram).
The example of FIG. 3 illustrates the case where a vertically-polarized radio wave Rd (the direction of polarization D11) is radiated. In such a case, the arm 2 is rotated about the rotation axis Ax with respect to the reflector 11 so that the direction of feeding D12 from the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1 through the coaxial connector 4 becomes parallel to the vertical plane (plane parallel to a vertical axis that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 3B). To radiate a horizontally-polarized radio wave Rd, on the other hand, the arm 2 is rotated about the rotation axis Ax with respect to the reflector 11 so that the direction of feeding from the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1 through the coaxial connector 4 becomes parallel to the horizontal plane (plane parallel to a horizontal axis h that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 3B). The rotating operation of the arm 2 is performed by hand, for example.
The foregoing reflector antenna is coaxially fed through the coaxial cable that is arranged in the arm. In another known configuration, the arm itself may be made of a waveguide so that the feeding is conducted by the waveguide. PTL 1 describes a reflector antenna or antenna apparatus intended for such waveguide feed. In the antenna apparatus, a bent feeder waveguide for feeding a primary radiator is arranged at 45° with respect to the horizontal direction so as to reduce the polarization characteristic of the decrease in gain due to the blocking of the feeder waveguide.
{Citation List}
{Patent Literature}
{PTL 1} JP-U-01-135808
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
Take the reflector antenna for coaxial feed according to the foregoing related technology for example. As illustrated in FIG. 3B, when the radio wave Rd vertically polarized along the direction of polarization D11 is radiated from the primary radiator 1 with the arm 2 situated in the vertical plane, some of the radiated wave Rd is blocked by the arm 2. This forms an area of shadow Sd11 of the arm 2 on the reflecting surface (reflector surface) 11b. As illustrated in FIG. 3C, the area of shadow Sd11 of the arm 2 is expressed as a distribution P11 in the diagram when the irradiation distribution that shows the field intensity E of the radiated wave Rd on the antenna aperture 11a is projected on the horizontal axis h (−r≦h≦r). The blocking distribution P11 is subtracted from the unblocked original irradiation distribution P12, and disturbs the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane accordingly. The blocking distribution has a significant impact on paraxial cross-polarization characteristics in particular.
With horizontal polarization, the blocking distribution due to the area of shadow of the arm 2 that is situated in the horizontal plane is small in amount even if accumulated on the horizontal axis h. The influence on the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture 11a is thus small. With vertical polarization, on the other hand, the blocking distribution P1 due to the area of shadow Sd11 of the arm 2 that is situated in the vertical plane is greater in amount when accumulated on the horizontal axis h as illustrated in FIG. 3C. The influence on the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture 11a is thus high. The influence becomes particularly significant in the cases of communication systems for P-P (Point to Point) communications and the like where the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is of high importance. The reason is that the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is determined by the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture 11a, projected on the horizontal axis as illustrated in FIG. 3C.
Meanwhile, the reflector antenna of the foregoing PTL 1 is intended for waveguide feed, and thus takes no account of the influence that the blocking distribution due to the area of shadow of the arm has on the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture in the foregoing reflector antenna for coaxial feed.
The present invention has been achieved in view of the foregoing problems. It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a reflector antenna intended for coaxial feed, a method of feeding the same, and a communication system, the reflector antenna being capable of reducing the blocking distribution due to the area of shadow of the arm in the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture, thereby reducing disturbance to the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and suppressing the impact of cross-polarization characteristics.
Solution to Problem
To achieve the foregoing object, a reflector antenna according to the present invention includes: a reflector that has a reflecting surface for reflecting a radio wave, the reflecting surface being shaped as a paraboloid of revolution; a primary radiator that is arranged on a focus side of the reflector, and radiates a radio wave from the focus side toward the reflecting surface; an arm that is arranged to extend from the reflecting surface side to the focus side of the reflector, and supports the primary radiator so as to be rotatable with respect to the reflector; and a feed unit that feeds the primary radiator via the arm so that the direction of the arm and the direction of polarization of the radio wave radiated from the primary radiator are perpendicular to each other.
A method of feeding a reflector antenna according to the present invention includes feeding a primary radiator via an arm so that the direction of the arm and the direction of polarization of a radio wave radiated from the primary radiator are perpendicular to each other, the primary radiator being arranged on a focus side of a reflector, the arm supporting the primary reflector.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, the primary radiator is fed via the arm so that the direction of the arm supporting the primary radiator and the direction of polarization of the radio wave radiated from the primary radiator are perpendicular to each other. This can reduce the blocking distribution due to the area of shadow of the arm in the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture, thereby reducing disturbance to the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and suppressing the influence of cross-polarization characteristics.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is a side view of a reflector antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for the case of radiating a horizontally-polarized radio wave, FIG. 1B is a front view of the reflector antenna on the antenna aperture side, and FIG. 1C is a graph illustrating an irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture, projected on a horizontal axis.
FIG. 2A is a side view of the reflector antenna of FIG. 1 for the case of radiating a vertically-polarized radio wave, FIG. 2B is a front view of the reflector antenna on the antenna aperture side, and FIG. 2C is a graph illustrating an irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture, projected on a horizontal axis.
FIG. 3A is a side view of a reflector antenna according to the related technology for the case of radiating a vertically-polarized radio wave, FIG. 3B is a front view of the reflector antenna on the antenna aperture side, and FIG. 3C is a graph illustrating an irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture, projected on a horizontal axis.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
1: primary radiator
2: arm (primary radiator support arm)
3: coaxial cable
4: coaxial connector
11: reflector
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Next, an exemplary embodiment of the reflector antenna, the method of feeding the same, and the communication system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a communication system CS according to the exemplary embodiment. The communication system CS is applicable to P-P communications, for example, and includes a reflector antenna 101 and a transmitter 102 which is connected to the reflector antenna 101.
For example, using high-frequency circuits mounted therein, the transmitter 102 modulates the baseband signal of data to be transmitted into an IF (Intermediate Frequency) signal by a predetermined modulation method, frequency-converts the IF signal into an RF (Radio Frequency) signal, amplifies the RF signal in power, and supplies the resultant to the reflector antenna 101. Note that the transmitter 102 may be of any configuration as long as it can be connected to the reflector antenna 101.
In FIGS. 1 and 2, the reflector antenna 101 includes a reflector 11. The reflector 11 has a circular antenna aperture (antenna opening) 11a with a radius of r, and a reflecting surface (reflector surface) 11b that reflects radio waves. The reflecting surface 11b is curved to a paraboloid of revolution (hereinafter, paraboloid). A primary radiator 1 that radiates a radio wave Rd toward the reflecting surface 11b is arranged on the focus side of the paraboloid of the reflector 11. The primary radiator 1 is supported by an arm (primary radiator support arm) 2 so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis Ax of the paraboloid of the reflector 11. The arm 2 is arranged to extend from the vertex side to the focus side of the reflecting surface 11b so as to circumvent the rotation axis Ax of the paraboloid of the reflector 11. A feed unit is attached to the arm 2.
The feed unit feeds the primary radiator 1 via the arm 2 so that the direction of the arm 2 and the direction of polarization of the radio wave radiated from the primary radiator 1 are perpendicular to each other. When the arm 2 is situated in parallel with a vertical plane (plane parallel to a vertical axis that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 1B) as illustrated in FIG. 1, the feed unit feeds the primary radiator 1 via the arm 2 along a direction D2 perpendicular to the vertical plane (a direction parallel to a horizontal axis h that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 1B) so that a horizontally-polarized radio wave (the direction of polarization D1) is radiated from the primary radiator 1. When the arm 2 is situated in parallel with a horizontal plane (plane parallel to a horizontal axis h that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 2B) as illustrated in FIG. 2, the feed unit feeds the primary radiator 1 via the arm 2 along a direction D4 perpendicular to the horizontal plane (a direction parallel to a vertical axis that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 2B) so that a vertically-polarized radio wave (the direction of polarization D3) is radiated from the primary radiator 1.
In the exemplary embodiment, the feed unit includes a coaxial cable 3 that feeds the primary radiator 1 with electric power from the transmitter 102, and a coaxial connector 4 that connects the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1. The coaxial connector 4 connects the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1 so that the direction of feeding from the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1 and the direction of the arm 2 are at right angles to each other.
In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, the coaxial connector 4 is attached to a side surface of the primary radiator 1 with a right angle to the direction of the arm 2. An opening 3a is formed in a predetermined position in an end portion of the arm 2 on the side of the primary radiator 1. The coaxial cable 3 is led out of the arm 2 through the opening 3a, and the end of the cable is connected to the coaxial connector 4. The coaxial connector 4 may be attached to any position of the primary radiator 1 as long as the direction of feeding to the primary radiator 1 and the direction of the arm 2 are at right angles to each other. While the coaxial cable 3 is arranged so that it is led out of the arm 2 through the opening 3a, the configuration is not limited thereto. The coaxial cable 3 may be attached to the external surface of the arm 2 all the way, in which case the opening 3a can be omitted.
Next, the operation of the exemplary embodiment will be described.
Description will initially be given of the case illustrated in FIG. 1, where a horizontally-polarized radio wave (the direction of polarization D1) is radiated. In such a case, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the arm 2 is rotated about the rotation axis A with respect to the reflector 11 (see the direction of rotation Rt in the diagram) into the position in the vertical plane (plane parallel to the vertical axis that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 1B) so that the direction of feeding D2 from the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1 through the coaxial connector 4 becomes parallel to the horizontal plane (plane parallel to the horizontal axis h that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 1B). The rotating operation of the arm 2 is performed by hand, for example, whereas it may be controlled automatically. For automatic control, the rotating shaft of a rotating mechanism such as a motor may be connected to the shaft of the arm 2, and the operation of the rotating mechanism may be controlled by a drive control signal from the transmitter 102.
Next, via the arm 2 situated in the vertical plane, the primary radiator 1 is fed from the coaxial cable 3 through the coaxial connector 4 along the direction D2 perpendicular to the direction of the arm 2. As a result, a radio wave Rd horizontally polarized in the direction of polarization D1 is radiated from the primary radiator 1 toward the reflecting surface 11b of the reflector 11. The horizontally-polarized radiated wave Rd is reflected by the reflecting surface 11b and emitted to the outside through the antenna aperture 11a.
When the radio wave Rd horizontally polarized along the direction of polarization D1 in the diagram is radiated from the primary radiator 1 with the arm 2 situated in the vertical plane, some of the radiated wave Rd is blocked by the arm 2. This forms an area of shadow Sd1 of the arm 2 on the reflecting surface (reflector surface) 11b. As illustrated in FIG. 1C, the area of shadow Sd1 of the arm 2 is expressed as a distribution P1 in the diagram when the irradiation distribution that shows the field intensity E of the radiated wave Rd on the antenna aperture 11a is projected on the horizontal axis h (−r≦h≦r). The blocking distribution P1 is subtracted from the unblocked original irradiation distribution P2, and disturbs the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane accordingly.
Next, description will be given of the case illustrated in FIG. 2, where a vertically-polarized radio wave (the direction of polarization D3) is radiated. In such a case, the arm 2 lying in the vertical plane is rotated into the position in the horizontal plane (plane parallel to the horizontal axis h that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 2B) by 90° (see the direction of rotation Rt in the diagram) so that the direction of feeding from the coaxial cable 3 to the primary radiator 1 through the coaxial connector 4 becomes parallel to the vertical plane (plane parallel to the vertical axis that passes the rotation axis Ax in FIG. 2B).
Next, via the arm 2 situated in the horizontal plane, the primary radiator 1 is fed from the coaxial cable 3 through the coaxial connector 4 along the direction D4 perpendicular to the direction of the arm 2. Consequently, a radio wave Rd vertically polarized in the direction of polarization D3 is radiated from the primary radiator 1 toward the reflecting surface 11b of the reflector 11. The vertically-polarized radiated wave Rd is reflected by the reflecting surface 11b and emitted to the outside through the antenna aperture 11a.
When the radio wave Rd horizontally polarized along the direction of polarization D3 in the diagram is radiated from the primary radiator 1 with the arm 2 situated in the horizontally plane, some of the radiated wave Rd is blocked by the arm 2. This forms an area of shadow Sd2 of the arm 2 on the reflecting surface (reflector surface) 11b. As illustrated in FIG. 2C, the area of shadow Sd2 of the arm 2 is expressed as a distribution P3 in the diagram when the irradiation distribution that shows the field intensity E of the radiated wave Rd on the antenna aperture 11a is projected on the horizontal axis h (−r≦h≦r). The blocking distribution P3 is subtracted from the unblocked original irradiation distribution P4, and disturbs the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane accordingly.
With vertical polarization, as illustrated in FIG. 2C, the area of shadow of the arm 2 projected on the horizontal axis h is lighter than with horizontal polarization illustrated in FIG. 1C. The area of shadow thus has not much impact on the radiation pattern of the radio wave. With horizontal polarization, as illustrated in FIG. 1C, the arm 2 forms a band of shadow in the lower half area below the center of the antenna aperture 11a in the diagram as with the vertical polarization according to the foregoing related technology of FIG. 3. This makes the amount of shadow accumulated on the horizontal axis h greater as compared to the case of vertical polarization illustrated in FIG. 2C.
Let us examine the polarization characteristic. If the direction of polarization D11 is parallel to the direction of the arm 2 as in the foregoing related technology of FIG. 3, the radio wave is prone to be reflected. If, on the other hand, the direction of polarization D1 is perpendicular to the direction of the arm 2, the presence of the arm 2 has less impact.
Considering that the influence on the irradiation distribution projected on the horizontal axis h increases when the arm 2 is situated vertically, the exemplary embodiment thus employs the feed unit of such a structure that can radiate a horizontally-polarized radio wave Rd as illustrated in FIG. 1, instead of radiating a vertically-polarized radio wave Rd as in the related technology of FIG. 3, in order to minimize the influence of the arm 2. More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, the feed unit is configured so that the coaxial cable 3 makes a detour to shift the direction of feeding by 90° with respect to the direction of the arm 2, whereby the direction of the arm 2 and the direction of feeding from the coaxial connector 4 are put at right angles to each other.
Consequently, according to the exemplary embodiment, the band of shadow of the arm 2 appearing on the reflecting surface (reflector surface) 11b of the reflector 11 has a narrower width than with the related technology of FIG. 3. This reduces the blocking distribution due to the shadow of the arm 2 accordingly. According to the exemplary embodiment, it is therefore possible to achieve a reflector antenna that has an irradiation distribution closer to the unblocked original distribution. Such an effect becomes particularly significant in the cases of P-P communications where the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is of high importance. The reason is that the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is determined by the irradiation distribution on the antenna aperture, projected on the horizontal axis.
Up to this point, the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing exemplary embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment. The configuration and details of the present invention are subject to various modifications understandable to those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention.
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-197420, filed Jul. 30, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present invention is applicable to a reflector antenna intended for coaxial feed, a method of feeding the same, and a communication system that uses the reflector antenna.
Patent Application
20100201595
