Patent Application
20250171367
The present invention relates to a refractory product for continuous casting and a refractory member such as a nozzle for continuous casting, using the refractory product.
The present inventors disclosed, in Patent Document 1, a refractory material (product) for continuous casting, having both excellent corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.
As a result of repeatedly prototyping and testing a refractory member using the refractory product disclosed in the Patent Document 1, the present inventors have found that further improvements in the corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance are desired.
That is, it has been found that since the refractory product disclosed in Patent Document 1 contains 40% by mass or more of magnesia (periclase), it exhibits excellent corrosion resistance for a steel grade containing basic inclusions such as CaO or MnO, but is insufficient in corrosion resistance for a steel grade containing acidic inclusions such as SiO2. It has also been found that in the refractory product disclosed in Patent Document 1, a magnesia-carbon reaction (reaction of the below-mentioned formula (1)) occurs during use, and particularly when used repeatedly, the microstructure thereof is changed in quality and increased in the modulus of elasticity, resulting in deterioration of thermal shock resistance.
MgO(solid)+C(solid)→Mg(gas)+CO(gas) (1)
In recent years, it has become often the case that a refractory member for continuous casting, such as a nozzle for continuous casting, is used in a state in which preheating is not sufficient or in a non-preheated state. Thus, further improvement in the thermal shock resistance is desired.
A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance of a refractory product and a refractory member for continuous casting.
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantage of containing a large amount of magnesia (periclase), the present inventors decided to limit the content of magnesia (periclase) to less than 40% by mass, and based on this premise, repeatedly performed experimental tests and studies for improving corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance. As a result, the present inventors have found that it is essential to control the form of pores inside a refractory product, while achieving densification of the refractory product. The present inventors have also found that for that purpose, the particle size composition (volume percent) of refractory particles in the refractory product is one important control factor, and have come to complete the present invention.
Specifically, according to a first aspect of the present invention, the following refractory product for continuous casting is provided.
A refractory product for continuous casting, containing a free carbon component in an amount of 10% by mass to 30% by mass, and a remainder in which: a main mineral phase is comprised of one or more selected from the group consisting of corundum, spinel, and periclase, wherein a content of the periclase is less than 40% by mass; and a total content of a silica component and a silicon carbide component is less than 15% by mass, wherein when a remainder after excluding a composition comprised of the free carbon component from a composition of the refractory product is defined as 100% by volume, refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm account for 20% by volume or more, and refractory particles having a particle size of 0.045 mm or less account for 3% by volume to 30% by volume, and wherein an approximately continuous void layer is present around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has a largest particle size among refractory particles in the refractory product, the approximately continuous void layer having a similar shape to the coarse particle, wherein a total thickness of the approximately continuous void layer across two positions on an interface between a carbon-containing matrix microstructure and the coarse particle, located on opposed sides of the void layer is in the range of 0.3% to 3% of the particle size of the coarse particle, and wherein the refractory product has an apparent porosity of 16% or less, and a maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500° C. is 0.6% or less.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a refractory member for continuous casting, wherein the refractory product for continuous casting, according to the first aspect of the present invention, is disposed in a part or the entirety of an area of the refractory member to be brought into contact with molten steel.
The present invention can improve corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance of a refractory product and a refractory member for continuous casting. This makes it possible to produce excellent durability even in a usage environment in which a refractory member is used in a non-preheated state.
As mentioned above, it is essential for solving the aforementioned technical problem to control the form of pores inside a refractory product, while promoting densification of the refractory product. Therefore, the present inventors aspired to a refractory microstructure in which refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm and serving as aggregate are present, independently in a non-continuous manner, in a three-dimensionally continuous, carbon-containing, matrix microstructure (hereinafter referred to as “carbonaceous matrix”), and an approximately continuous void layer is present around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size among the refractory particles, wherein the approximately continuous void layer has a similar shape to the coarse particle. That is, such a refractory microstructure makes it possible to obtain an effect of allowing thermal expansion of the coarse particle, which contributes largely to thermal expansion of the refractory product, to be absorbed by the approximately continuous void layer around the coarse particle, and consequently allowing the thermal expansion of the coarse particle to apparently disappear. That is, as long as the void layer is present around each coarse particle during the course of heat receiving, the amount of thermal expansion of the refractory product consists mainly of the amount of thermal expansion of the three-dimensionally continuous carbonaceous matrix, so that it becomes possible to lower the thermal expansion of the refractory product.
Further, in the present invention, the respective volume percents of refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm (hereinafter referred to as “coarse-fraction refractory particles”) and refractory particles having a particle size of 0.045 mm or less (hereinafter referred to as “fine-fraction refractory particles”) are limited so as to realize control of the form of pores inside the refractory product as described above, while promoting densification of the refractory product, thereby realizing improvements in corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance of the refractory product and the refractory member for continuous casting. The following is a more detailed description.
The refractory product according to the present invention contains a free carbon component in an amount of 10% by mass to 30% by mass. Here, the term “free carbon component” means a carbon component composed of a simple carbon component excluding unavoidable impurities, other than a compound including a carbide such as B4C or SiC, and means any carbon component present in a refractory microstructure, formed when any of various types of organic binders, pitch, tar, or carbon black receives heat, wherein the carbon component may be amorphous or may be crystalline such as graphite, or may have any shape and structure, e.g., may be present in a refractory microstructure in granular form (including fibrous form) or in continuous or discontinuous state without having a specific shape.
If the content of the free carbon component is less than 10% by mass, a three-dimensionally continuous carbonaceous matrix is not formed in the refractory microstructure, and a sufficient expansion lowering effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content of the free carbon component exceeds 30% by mass, damage to the carbonaceous matrix due to molten steel, slag, etc., becomes severe, and the amount of wear loss of the refractory product increases, leading to deterioration in corrosion resistance. In addition, when graphite or the like is used in a large amount as a free carbon component source, formability is deteriorated, and denseness of the refractory product is impaired. This also leads to deterioration in corrosion resistance. The content of the free carbon component is preferably 15% by mass to 25% by mass.
The main mineral phase of the refractory product according to the present invention is comprised of one or more selected from the group consisting of corundum, spinel, and periclase. However, the content of the periclase is limited to less than 40% by mass. This is because if the content of the periclase (magnesia) is 40% by mass or more, the aforementioned disadvantage will occur. The content of the periclase is preferably 35% by mass or less.
Here, as used in the present invention, the term “main mineral phase” means the most abundant mineral phase among the mineral phases in the refractory product, and when there are two or more kinds of the most abundant mineral phases, each of them is defined as the main mineral phase. Further, when some refractory particles contain a plurality of kinds of mineral phases, each of the plurality of kinds of mineral phases contained in a respective one of the refractory particles is added to the same kind of mineral phase contained in the other refractory particles, thereby determining the “main mineral phase”.
In the refractory product according to the present invention, the content of a silica component and a silicon carbide component is limited to less than 15% by mass in total. This is because if the content of the silica component and the silicon carbide component is 15% by mass or more in total, deterioration in corrosion resistance becomes prominent. Since the silicon carbide component has a function of suppressing oxidation of the free carbon component, etc., it may be appropriately contained within the range of less than 15% by mass, and as long as the content thereof is, e.g., 5% by mass or less, it is possible to produce the oxidation suppression function without substantially deteriorating corrosion resistance.
Next, a particle size composition (volume percent) of refractory particles in the refractory product, which is one feature of the present invention, will be described.
In the present invention, the particle size composition (volume percent) of the refractory particles in the refractory product is characterized in that, when a remainder after excluding a composition comprised of the free carbon component from a composition of the refractory product is defined as 100% by volume, the coarse-fraction refractory particles account for 20% by volume or more, and the fine-fraction refractory particles account for 3% by volume to 30% by volume.
If the coarse-fraction refractory particles account for less than 20% by volume, the volume percent of the fine-fraction refractory particles or a below-mentioned medium-fraction refractory particles relatively increases, and thus the number of refractory particles in the refractory product increases. This results in a refractory microstructure in which refractory particles are present continuously, leading to a high expansion property. Thus, thermal shock resistance is deteriorated. The upper limit of the volume percent of the coarse-fraction refractory particles is not particularly limited, but from a viewpoint of stably ensuring required properties such as strength and corrosion resistance required as a refractory product for continuous casting, for example, it may be set to, e.g., 60% by volume or less. The volume percent of the coarse-fraction refractory particles is preferably 30% by volume or more, more preferably 40% by volume to 60% by volume. The upper limit of the particle size of the coarse-fraction refractory particles is also not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of stably ensuring required properties such as strength and corrosion resistance required as a refractory product for continuous casting, it is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less. More specifically, in addition to refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm to 1 mm, the refractory product according to the present invention may include refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 1 mm to 3 mm, as the coarse-fraction refractory particles. However, when a remainder t after excluding a composition comprised of the free carbon component from a composition of the refractory product is defined as 100% by volume, the volume percent of the refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 1 mm to 3 mm is preferably 15% by volume or less, more preferably 0% by volume, i.e., it is more preferable that the refractory product does not contain the refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 1 mm to 3 mm.
Further, if the volume percent of the fine-fraction refractory particles is less than 3% by volume, a dense refractory cannot be obtained, leading to deterioration in corrosion resistance. On the other hand, if the volume percent of the fine-fraction refractory particles exceeds 30% by volume, the number of refractory particles in the refractory product increases. This results in a refractory microstructure in which refractory particles are present continuously, leading to a high expansion property. Thus, thermal shock resistance is deteriorated. The volume percent of the fine-fraction refractory particles is preferably 5 by volume to 15 by volume. In the refractory product according to the present invention, the fine-fraction refractory particles are basically present in the carbonaceous matrix.
The above description has been made about the respective volume percents of the coarse-fraction (particle size: greater than 0.3 mm) refractory particles and the fine-fraction (particle size: 0.045 mm or less) refractory particles. The refractory product according to the present invention appropriately includes medium-fraction (particle size: greater than 0.045 mm to 0.3 mm) refractory particles. When a remainder after excluding a composition comprised of the free carbon component from a composition of the refractory product is defined as 100% by volume, the volume percent of the medium-fraction refractory particles is a remainder other than the volume percent of the coarse-fraction refractory particles and the volume percent of the fine-fraction refractory particles, and is preferably 10% by volume to 77% by volume, more preferably 30% by volume to 70% by volume.
Here, as used in the present invention, the term “particle size of refractory particles” is the size of a sieve mesh when refractory particles are sieved and separated. For example, refractory particles having a particle size of 0.045 mm or less mean refractory particles capable of passing through a sieve having a mesh size of 0.045 mm, and refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm mean refractory particles incapable of passing through a sieve having a mesh size of 0.3 mm.
Next, the microstructure of the refractory product according to the present invention will be described in detail. The basic configuration of the microstructure of the refractory product according to the present invention is a refractory microstructure in which refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm and serving as aggregate are present independently in a non-contiguous manner, in a three-dimensionally continuous carbonaceous matrix, and an approximately continuous void layer is present around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size among the refractory particles, wherein the approximately continuous void layer has a similar shape to the coarse particle, as described above. Specifically, it is a refractory microstructure in which a total thickness of the approximately continuous void layer across two positions on an interface between the carbonaceous matrix and the coarse particle, located on opposed sides of the void layer is in the range of 0.3% to 3% of the particle size of the coarse particle.
Here, the term “substantially continuous void layer” means a void layer which has an outline enlarged substantially similarly with respect to the outline of the cross-sectional shape of the refractory particle as aggregate, in cross-sectional observation of the refractory particles by a microscope, and defines therein a void in which the refractory particle is present (see
It should be noted that, in the refractory product according to the present invention, there is a void layer around the entire periphery of each refractory particle as aggregate, i.e., in “a continuous state”. However, when it is attempted to verify such a state by microscopic observation, since the refractory particle is present in such a state in which it floats in the void space without being fixed, a part of the surface of the refractory particle is likely to come into contact with surrounding another refractory particle or the carbonaceous matrix (see
From a viewpoint of reducing the amount of thermal expansion of the refractory product, it is preferable that the thickness of the void layer around each refractory particle is set as large as possible, and the void layer is present around each of all refractory particles as aggregate. However, since the void layer around each refractory particle causes deterioration in strength of the refractory product, it is necessary to adjust the thickness of the void layer while taking a balance between the amount of thermal expansion, and the strength, damage or the like.
With regard to the ratio of the thickness of the void layer to the particle size (void layer thickness ratio per particle: MS value (microspace value)), the MS value becomes smaller as the particle size becomes larger, and becomes larger as the particle size becomes smaller. Thus, specifying the MS value of a coarse particle having the largest particle size among all the refractory particles is equivalent to specifying the lower limit of the void layer thickness ratio per particle in the refractory microstructure, so that it allows thermal shock resistance of the refractory product to be roughly evaluated.
Here, the term “MS value” is the ratio of the void layer thickness L between a coarse particle and a carbonaceous matrix (where L is the sum of void layer thicknesses on opposite sides of the particle) to the diameter D of the coarse particle, and is calculated by the following formula:
Specifically, the MS value (%) in the present invention is calculated in the following manner.
Through microscopic microstructure observation of a refractory product, ten coarse particles are selected in descending order of particle size, and after drawing the largest circle inscribing the contour (outline) of each of the selected particles, within the plane of the particle, an arbitrary line passing through the center of the circle is drawn. Further, three lines passing through the center of the circle are drawn at a 45-degree pitch using the above arbitrary line as a reference line. That is, total four lines are drawn per particle. Then, a length (D1, D2, D3, D4) between two contour points of the particle located at opposite ends of each of the four lines is measured, and further the sum (L1, L2, L3, L4) of two thicknesses of a void layer lying in an interface between the particle and the carbonaceous matrix, on the opposite end sides of each of the lines, is measured. Then, MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4 are calculated by the above formula using the values obtained using the four lines, and an average of the values is calculated as the void layer thickness ratio per particle, i.e., MS value. Respective MS values of the preliminarily selected ten coarse particles are calculated in the above-mentioned manner, and averaged to obtain an MS value of the refractory microstructure.
The reason that an MS value of the refractory microstructure is evaluated by the coarse particles having the largest particle size, i.e., the ten coarse particles selected in descending order of particle size in microscopic microstructure observation of the refractory product is that as the particle size of the particle becomes larger, a change in the volume or length thereof due to thermal expansion becomes larger, and the influence on thermal shock resistance becomes larger. Thus, the MS value serving as an index for adjusting and evaluating thermal shock resistance needs to be calculated based on the coarse particle having the largest particle size in the refractory microstructure. Further, from a similar viewpoint, the above “approximately continuous void layer” in the present invention needs to be present around each of the coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size, i.e., around each of the ten coarse particles selected in descending order of particle size in microscopic microstructure observation of the refractory product.
The present inventors have confirmed that in a refractory product in which a main mineral phase is comprised of one or more selected from the group consisting of corundum, spinel, and periclase, wherein the content of the periclase is less than 40% by mass, the thickness of the void layer around each refractory particle, which has the expansion lowering effect and achieves a good balance in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, and abrasion resistance, is 0.3% to 3.0% in terms of the MS value calculated based on the coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size. That is, if the MS value is less than 0.3%, a sufficient expansion lowering effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the MS value exceeds 3.0%, the strength is deteriorated, and the corrosion resistance and the abrasion resistance are also deteriorated. As above, the present invention can significantly improve thermal shock resistance, and provide a refractory product achieving a good balance in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, and abrasion resistance, by forming a refractory microstructure such that an approximately continuous void layer is present around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size among refractory particles in a refractory product, the approximately continuous void layer having a similar shape to the coarse particle, wherein the total thickness of the substantially continuous void layer across two positions on an interface between a carbon-containing matrix microstructure and the coarse particle located on opposite sides of the void layer is 0.3% to 3.0% of the particle size of the coarse particle.
A control method for such an MS value, i.e., a method of: forming an approximately continuous void layer around each of a plurality of coarse particles at least one of which has the largest particle size among refractory particles in the refractory product, wherein the approximately continuous void layer has a similar shape to the coarse particle; and controlling the thickness of the void layer, is, for example, as follows.
The control of the MS value is synonymous with control of thermal expansion rate. Specifically, a larger refractory particle (coarser particle) has a larger amount of thermal expansion in the course of heat treatment, and a difference in thermal expansion between the refractory particle and the carbonaceous matrix becomes prominent. Thus, around such a coarse particle, an approximately void continuous layer (hereinafter also referred to as “MS”) having a similar shape to the coarse particle more likely to be formed. On the other hand, since a smaller refractory particle has a smaller amount of thermal expansion, a clear MS is less likely to be formed therearound. Therefore, the control of the MS value, i.e., the control of thermal expansion rate, becomes possible by controlling the particle size composition (volume percent) of the refractory particles in the refractory product. In the present invention, lowed expansion and control thereof can be achieved by, when a remainder after excluding a composition comprised of the free carbon component is defined as 100% by volume, setting the refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm to account for 20% by volume or more, and setting the refractory particles having a particle size of 0.045 mm or less to account for 3% by volume to 30% by volumes. For example, when lower expansion is desired, the volume percent of the refractory particles having a particle size of 0.045 mm or less may be reduced within the above range of the particle size composition (volume percent) to cut off the continuity of the refractory particles in the refractory microstructure, and the volume percent of the refractory particles having a particle size of greater than 0.3 mm may be increased to promote the formation of the MS.
The refractory product according to the present invention combines the above features (the chemical composition, main mineral phase, particle size composition (volume percent) of refractory particles, and refractory microstructure), whereby it is possible to achieve both denseness expressed by an apparent porosity of 16% or less, and low expansion property expressed by the maximum thermal expansion rate up to 1500° C. of 0.6% or less. Thus, it is possible to improve corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance of a refractory product and a refractory member for continuous casting, and allow the refractory product and the refractory member to produce excellent durability even in a usage environment in which they are used in a non-preheated state.
Here, the chemical composition, refractory microstructure, apparent porosity, thermal expansion rate, etc., of the refractory product according to the present invention are basically evaluated based on a sample “after being subjected to heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000° C.”. The reason is to remove components such as water, organic matter, hydrates, and carbonate compounds, in the refractory material, and stabilize the chemical composition of the refractory product by carbonization of an organic binder component, thereby promoting improvement in analytical accuracy. From this point of view, a heating duration is set to a period to be continued until there is no change in weight due to the heating. However, in a case where the refractory product has been subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 1000° C. or more, or to a heat treatment at a temperature of 800° C. or more depending on the type of volatile component, in a production process of the refractory product, it is possible to perform evaluations of the chemical composition, refractory microstructure, apparent porosity, thermal expansion rate, etc., in a product state after the production.
Preferably, the refractory product according to the present invention contains a boron component in an amount of 0.1% by mass to 3.0% by mass in terms of B2O3 equivalent. The boron component generates fibrous borate alumina or the like in the carbonaceous matrix during heating of the refractory product. This promotes densification and reinforcement of the carbonaceous matrix, and improvement in strength of the refractory product.
The refractory product according to the present invention may contain carbon fibers in the carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fibers fill a defective part such as a crack which occurs with contraction of the carbonaceous matrix due to carbonization of an organic binder component, etc., during heating of the refractory product. This promotes densification and reinforcement of the carbonaceous matrix, and improvement in strength of the refractory product. From a viewpoint of sufficiently producing such an effect of improving the strength of the refractory product, the aspect ratio of the carbon fibers is preferably 15 to 200, and the content of the carbon fibers is preferably 5% by mass or less.
The refractory product according to the present invention can be produced by a similar method to a production method for a commonly-used refractory product whose main mineral phase is one or more selected from the group consisting of corundum, spinel, and periclase, as with fabrication of samples for the below-mentioned Examples.
For example, the method comprises: adding a binder to a raw material blend comprising refractory particles constituting a main mineral phase; kneading a resulting mixture; adjusting the kneaded mixture to a state suitable for shaping; molding the adjusted mixture by CIP (cold Isostatic Press); subjecting a resulting molded body to drying at a temperature of about 300° C. or less; and then subjecting the dried body to heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of about 800° C. to about 1200° C.
Next, a refractory member for continuous casting, using the refractory product according to the present invention, will be described.
Examples of a nozzle for continuous casting, to which the refractory product according to the present invention can be applied or is suitably applied include a tundish nozzle (including an upper nozzle, and an open nozzle), an intermediate nozzle, and a flow rate control nozzle (in particular, an inner bore), in addition to the immersion nozzle.
The following Tables 1 to 6 (corresponding to
A phenol resin as an organic binder was added to the raw material formulation in each example shown in each Table, and a resulting mixture was kneaded and adjusted to a state suitable for molding. The adjusted mixture was molded by cold isostatic pressing (CIP), and then subjected to curing and drying at temperatures of up to 300° C., and then to heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000° C., thereby obtaining a refractory product in each example.
The obtained refractory product was subjected to analysis of chemical composition, observation of microstructural states, and an evaluation test.
The analysis of chemical composition was performed by a method based on JIS R2216.
In the observation of microstructural states, after impregnating the refractory microstructure of the refractory product with a resin, and forming a mirror-finished surface by mechanical polishing, through microscope observation, an MS value was obtained by the aforementioned method, and the continuity of a void layer was observed.
As the evaluation of the refractory product, apparent porosity, maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500° C., corrosion resistance, and thermal shock resistance were evaluated, and based on the results of these evaluations, the refractory product was comprehensively evaluated.
The apparent porosity was measured by a method based on JIS R2205.
The thermal expansion rate was measured at a temperature up to 1500° C. by a method based on JIS R2207-3, to evaluate the maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500° C.
The corrosion resistance was evaluated by a method comprising: immersing a prism-shaped sample (20×20×180 mm) of the refractory product in each example, in a crucible in which synthetic slag with a CaO/SiO2 mass ratio adjusted to 1.0 floated on a surface of low-carbon steel melted at 1550° C., to have a thickness of about 30 mm, for 60 min; pulling up the sample; then measuring the amount of wear loss at a position of a molten steel-molten slag interface; and comparing the measured amount with a reference value. Specifically, the amount of wear loss of the refractory product in each example was converted into a wear loss index to be determined on the basis of the amount of wear loss in Comparative Example 2 taken as 100, and when a sample had a wear loss index of less than 100, the sample was evaluated to have an effect of solving the technical problem. More specifically, a sample having a wear loss index of 90 or less, a sample having a wear loss index of greater than 90 to less than 100, and a sample having a wear loss index of greater than 100, were evaluated, respectively, as ∘ (excellent), A (Good), and × (NG).
The evaluation of thermal shock resistance was performed through a test in which thermal shock is applied to a tubular sample refractory product (outer diameter/inner diameter (inner bore diameter)/height=130/55/300 mm) by a method configured to pour molten iron at 1600° C. into an inner bore of the sample at room temperature. After the test, the sample was cut along a horizontal cross-section with a pitch of 50 mm to check the presence or absence of a crack. A sample in which no crack was observed, a sample in which a microcrack was observed, and a sample in which a crack was observed, were evaluated, respectively, as ∘ (excellent), A (Good), and × (NG).
In the comprehensible evaluation, a sample in which: with regard to microstructure states, the MS value was within the scope of the present invention (0.3% to 3%), and the continuity of the void layer was approximately continuous; the apparent porosity was within the scope of the present invention (16% or less); the maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500° C. was within the scope of the present invention (0.6% or less); the evaluation of corrosion resistance was ∘; and the evaluation of thermal shock resistance was ∘, a sample in which: with regard to microstructure states, the MS value was within the scope of the present invention (0.3% to 3%), and the continuity of the void layer was approximately continuous; the apparent porosity was within the scope of the present invention (16% or less); the maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500° C. was within the scope of the present invention (0.6% or less); and the evaluation of one of corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance was A, and a sample in which: with regard to microstructure states, the continuity of the void layer was partially continuous; the apparent porosity was greater than 16%; the maximum thermal expansion rate at a temperature up to 1500° C. was greater than 0.6%; the evaluation of corrosion resistance was ×; or the evaluation of thermal shock resistance was ×, were comprehensively evaluated, respectively, as ∘ (excellent), A (Good), and × (NG).
In Table 1, Inventive Examples 1 to 5, in which the content of a free carbon component (hereinafter referred to as “FC”) in the refractory product is varied, but is within the scope of the present invention, had low apparent porosity and excellent corrosion resistance, and also had excellent thermal shock resistance. Thus, they were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent) or Δ (good), i.e., had good results. Among them, Inventive Examples 2 to 4, in which the content of FC is in a preferable range of 15% by mass to 25% by mass, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent), i.e., had a particularly good result.
In contrast, Comparative Example 1, in which the content of FC is less than the lower limit of the present invention, failed to form a three-dimensionally continuous carbonaceous matrix in the refractory microstructure, so that the continuity of the void layer around the coarse particles was impaired and the void layer became “partially continuous”. Thus, a sufficient expansion lowering effect was not obtained, resulting in high expansion and deteriorated thermal shock resistance. On the other hand, Comparative Example 2, in which the content of FC is greater than the upper limit of the present invention, had deteriorated corrosion resistance.
In Table 2, Inventive Examples 6 to 9, in which the volume percent of coarse-fraction refractory particles is varied, but is within the scope of the present invention, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent) or Δ (good), i.e., had good results. Among them, Inventive Example 6, in which the volume percent of coarse-fraction refractory particles is 20% by volume which is the lower limit of the present invention, had a higher expansion property, resulting in being inferior in thermal shock resistance, as compared to Inventive Example 7 in which the volume percent of coarse-fraction refractory particles is 30% by volume. Further, Inventive Example 8, in which the upper limit of the particle sizes of coarse-fraction refractory particles is 3 mm, had a higher apparent porosity, resulting in being inferior in corrosion resistance, as compared to Inventive Example 9 in which the upper limit of the particle sizes of coarse-fraction refractory particles is 1 mm.
On the other hand, Comparative Example 3, in which the volume percent of coarse-fraction refractory particles is less than the lower limit of the present invention, had a refractory microstructure in which refractory particles are present continuously, as a result of an increase in the number of refractory particles in the refractory product. This resulted in high expansion and deteriorated thermal shock resistance.
Similarly, in Table 2, Inventive Examples 10, 11, 3, 12, and 13, in which the volume percent of fine-fraction refractory particles is varied, but is within the scope of the present invention, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent) or Δ (good), i.e., had good results. Among them, Inventive Examples 11, 3, and 12, in which the volume percent of fine-fraction refractory particles is in a preferable range of 5% by volume to 15% by volume, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent), i.e., had particularly good results.
In contrast, Comparative Example 4, in which the volume percent of fine-fraction refractory particles is less than the lower limit of the present invention, failed to obtain a dense refractory product, resulting in deteriorated corrosion resistance. On the other hand, Comparative Example 5, in which the volume percent of fine-fraction refractory particles is greater than the upper limit of the present invention, had a refractory microstructure in which refractory particles are present continuously, as a result of an increase in the number of refractory particles in the refractory product. This resulted in high expansion and deteriorated thermal shock resistance.
In Table 3, Inventive Examples 3 and 14-19, in which the main mineral phase is varied, but is within the scope of the present invention, had good results. Among them, in Inventive Example 15, the most abundant mineral phase is two types of mineral phases: corundum and spine, i.e., the main mineral phase is two types of mineral phases: corundum and spine. Further, in Inventive Example 15, the most abundant mineral phase is three types of mineral phases: corundum, spine, and periclase, i.e., the main mineral phase is three types of mineral phases: corundum, spine, and periclase.
On the other hand, Inventive Example 15, in which the main mineral phase is periclase, but the content of the periclase is greater than the upper limit of the present invention, had deteriorated corrosion resistance.
Similarly, in Table 3, Inventive Examples 20 to 22, in which a refractory raw material (refractory particles) comprising a plurality of mineral phases is used, but is within the scope of the present invention, had good results. As the refractory raw material comprising a plurality of mineral phases in Table 3, an alumina-zirconia raw material, a zirconia-mullite raw material, and a mullite raw material were used, wherein the contents of mineral phases in each of the raw materials are as follows.
As mentioned above, when some refractory particles contain a plurality of kinds of mineral phases, each of the plurality of kinds of mineral phases contained in a respective one of the refractory particles is added to the same kind of mineral phase contained in the other refractory particles, thereby determining the “main mineral phase”. For example, in Inventive Example 21, in 65% by mass of the zirconia-mullite raw material, corundom is contained in an amount of 65×0.35=22.75% by mass, and corundom contained in the raw material compound is calculated as 33.95% by mass by adding 22.75% by mass to 11.2% by mass which is the content of corundum in the corundum raw material. It should be noted that although in 65% by mass of the zirconia-mullite raw material, zirconia is contained in an amount of 65×0.5=32.5% by mass, the content of zirconia in the raw material composition is less than the above total content of corundum, and thus the main mineral phase in Inventive Example 21 is determined as corundum.
On the other hand, in Table 3, the main mineral phase in Comparative Example 7 is zirconia contained in the zirconia-mullite raw material, and thus Comparative Example 7 is outside the scope of the present invention. Further, in Comparative Example 7, the content (total content) of the silica component and the silicon carbide component in the refractory product exceeds the upper limit of the present invention. This resulted in deteriorated corrosion resistance.
The main mineral phase in Comparative Example 8 is corundum and is within the scope of the present invention, but the content (total content) of the silica component and the silicon carbide component in the refractory exceeds the upper limit of the present invention. This resulted in deteriorated corrosion resistance.
In Table 4, Inventive Examples 3, 23, and 24, in which the content (total content) of the silica component and the silicon carbide component in the refractory product is varied, but is within the scope of the present invention, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent) or Δ (good), i.e., had good results. On the other hand, Comparative Example 9, in which content (total content) of the silica component and the silicon carbide component in the refractory product is greater than the upper limit of the present invention, had deteriorated corrosion resistance.
Comparison among Inventive Examples 3, 23, and 24 shows that the content (total content) of the silica component and the silicon carbide component in the refractory product is preferably set to 5% by mass or less, and it is particularly preferable to reduce the content of the silica component.
Inventive Examples shown in Table 5, in which the addition amount and the type of the additive are varied, but are within the scope of the present invention, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent) or Δ (good), i.e., had good results. Among them, Inventive Example 26, 3, and 27 to 30, in which the boron component is contained in an amount of 0.1% by mass to 3.0% by mass in terms of B2O3 equivalent, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent), i.e., had particularly good results.
Inventive Examples shown in Table 6, which the aspect ratio and content of carbon fibers are varied, but are within the scope of the present invention, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent) or Δ (good), i.e., had good results. Among them. Inventive Examples 32, 3, and 33, in which the aspect ratio of the carbon fibers is 15 to 200, and the content thereof is limited to 5% by mass or less, were comprehensively evaluated as ∘ (excellent), i.e., had particularly good results.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-032063 | Mar 2022 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2023/005644 | 2/17/2023 | WO |
