Patent Application
20200200457
The present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus and a refrigeration apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to determination of refrigerant shortage.
Examples of a refrigeration cycle apparatus having a refrigerant circuit include a refrigeration apparatus that refrigerates an object. In the refrigeration apparatus, generation of the excess or shortage of a refrigerant amount causes failure such as capacity deterioration of the refrigeration apparatus, and damage of components. Therefore, some refrigeration apparatuses include a function of determining the excess or shortage of an amount of refrigerant filled therein, to prevent the generation of such failure.
As a determination method of refrigerant shortage in a related-art refrigeration apparatus, for example, a temperature difference between a refrigerant temperature in a refrigerant flow inlet of a supercooler, and a refrigerant temperature in a refrigerant flow outlet of the supercooler is calculated. An apparatus configured to determine that refrigerant leakage occurs when it is determined that the temperature difference is reduced relative to a set value is proposed (for example, refer to Patent Literature 1).
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
09-105567
When refrigerant used in the refrigerant apparatus is refrigerant having a temperature gradient such as R4070, R448A, or R449A, for example, a temperature difference is generated between a gas saturation temperature and a liquid saturation temperature even at the same pressure. Therefore, in a case of the refrigerant having the temperature gradient, also when there is a shortage of the refrigerant, a temperature difference between the temperature of the refrigerant at an inlet side of the supercooler, and the temperature of the refrigerant at a refrigerant flow outlet side is generated. When control is performed without consideration of the temperature gradient of the refrigerant, it is not possible to distinguish between a temperature difference generated by refrigerant shortage, and a temperature difference generated by the temperature gradient of the refrigerant, and there is a possibility that a judgment is made that the refrigerant is supercooled and the refrigerant shortage does not occur, even in the refrigerant shortage.
The present invention has been made in view of the aforementioned problem, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a refrigeration cycle apparatus and a refrigeration apparatus capable of accurately determining refrigerant shortage.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention is a refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a condenser, a supercooler, an expansion device, and an evaporator are connected by a refrigerant pipe, and configured to circulate refrigerant containing refrigerant having a temperature gradient, wherein the supercooler sets a degree of supercooling of the refrigerant to be larger than the temperature gradient generated at a time of refrigerant shortage of the refrigerant between the refrigerant flow inlet and the refrigerant flow outlet of the supercooler, the degree of supercooling being a temperature difference between a temperature from the condenser to a refrigerant flow inlet of the supercooler and a temperature in a refrigerant flow outlet on a downstream side of the supercooler, the refrigeration cycle apparatus further comprising: a refrigerant amount determination unit configured to compare a determination threshold value set to a value larger than the temperature gradient of the refrigerant with the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, and determine whether or not there is a shortage of a refrigerant amount filled in the refrigerant circuit.
According to the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, even when refrigerant having a temperature gradient is used, the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant in the supercooler is larger than the temperature gradient of the refrigerant, the refrigerant amount determination unit compares the determination threshold value set to the value larger than the temperature gradient of the refrigerant with the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, and determines whether or not there is a shortage of the refrigerant amount, and therefore a control unit can make a determination by distinguishing the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant from the temperature difference by the refrigerant shortage to more accurately determine the refrigerant shortage.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawings. Herein, in the following drawings, components denoted by the same reference numerals are the same as or are equivalent to each other, and are common in the entire text of the embodiments described below. Forms of components described in the entire text of the specification are merely examples, and are not restrictive. Particularly, combination of the components is not limited only to combination of the respective embodiments, and components described in other embodiments can be appropriately applied to other embodiment. Whether a temperature, pressure, and other values are high or low is not particularly determined by relation of absolute values, but relatively determined by a state or operation of a system, an apparatus, or other apparatuses. Additionally, a plurality of the same types of apparatuses and other apparatuses distinguished by subscripts are often particularly distinguished, or when the plurality of the same types of apparatuses and other apparatuses do not need to be identified, subscripts are often omitted.
The refrigeration apparatus 1 cools the inside of a room as a space to be cooled, such as a room, a warehouse, a showcase, and a refrigerator. The refrigeration apparatus 1 includes, for example, a single heat source side unit 2, and two use side units 4 connected in parallel to the heat source side unit 2. Herein, as illustrated in
In the refrigeration apparatus 1, the heat source side unit 2 and the use side units 4 are connected by a liquid refrigerant extension pipe 6 and a gas refrigerant extension pipe 7, so that a refrigerant circuit 10 that circulates refrigerant is configured. In the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1, refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is refrigerant having a large temperature gradient. In the following description, the refrigeration apparatus 1 that exchanges heat between refrigerant and air will be described. However, this is not restrictive. For example, the refrigeration apparatus 1 that exchanges heat between fluid such as water, refrigerant, and brine, and refrigerant may be employed.
Herein, refrigerant, in which a difference (temperature gradient) between the saturated gas temperature and the saturated liquid temperature at the same pressure is 1K or more, is defined as refrigerant having a large temperature gradient. An average value of the saturated gas temperature and the saturated liquid temperature at the same pressure is defined as a saturation temperature average value. The saturation temperature average value is a range of 0 to 70 [degrees C.], and in refrigerant R404A and refrigerant R410A, the temperature gradient is less than 1.0 K. Therefore, each of the above-mentioned refrigerants is defined as refrigerant having a small temperature gradient. On the other hand, in refrigerant such as R407C, R448A, and R449A, the temperature gradient is 3.0 K or more. Therefore, each of the above-mentioned refrigerants is defined as refrigerant having a large temperature gradient.
Examples include mixed refrigerant of R32, R125, R134a, R1234yf and CO2. At this time, a ratio XR32 (wt %) of the weight of R32 to the total weight of the mixed refrigerant is 33<XR32<39 (Condition 1). Additionally, a ratio XR125 (wt %) of the weight of R125 to the total weight of the mixed refrigerant is 27<XR125<33 (Condition 2). Furthermore, a ratio XR134a (wt %) of the weight of R134a to the total weight of the mixed refrigerant is 11<XR134a<17 (Condition 3). A ratio XR1234yf (wt %) of the weight of R1234yf to the total weight of the mixed refrigerant is 11<XR1234yf<17 (Condition 4). A ratio XCO2 (wt %) of the weight of CO2 to the total weight of the mixed refrigerant is 3<XR125<9 (Condition 5). A total sum of XR32, XR125, XR134a, XR1234yf and XCO2 is set to 100 (Condition 6). Mixed refrigerant that satisfies all of the above Condition 1 to Condition 6 is also refrigerant having a large temperature gradient.
The use side units 4 each are a unit installed in the inside of a room as space to be cooled, for example. Each use side unit 4 includes a use side refrigerant circuit 10a that serves as a part of the refrigerant circuit 10, a use side fan 43, and a use side control unit 32.
Each use side refrigerant circuit 10a has a use side expansion valve 41 and a use side heat exchanger 42. Each use side expansion valve 41 adjusts a flow rate of refrigerant that flows in the use side refrigerant circuit 10a. Each use side expansion valve 41 is composed of an expansion device such as an electronic expansion valve, and an automatic thermostatic expansion valve. Herein, each use side expansion valve 41 is installed in the use side unit 4 in Embodiment 1, but may be disposed in the heat source side unit 2. When the use side expansion valve 41 is in the heat source side unit 2, the use side expansion valve 41 is disposed between, for example, a first supercooler 22 and a liquid side shut-off valve 28 of the heat source side unit 2.
Each use side heat exchanger 42 functions as an evaporator that evaporates refrigerant by heat exchange with indoor air. The use side heat exchanger 42 is, for example, a fin and tube type heat exchanger having a plurality of heat transfer tubes and a plurality of fins.
Each use side fan 43 is an air-sending device that sends air to the use side heat exchanger 42. The use side fan 43 is disposed near the use side heat exchanger 42. The use side fan 43 includes, for example, a centrifugal fan, a multiblade fan or other fans. The use side fan 43 is driven by a motor (not illustrated). Herein, the rotation speed of the motor is controlled, so that the use side fan 43 can adjust an amount of air blown to the use side heat exchanger 42.
The heat source side unit 2 is a unit that supplies heat to the use side units 4. The heat source side unit 2 has, for example, a heat source side refrigerant circuit 10b that serves as a part of the refrigerant circuit 10, a first injection flow passage 71, and a heat source side control unit 31.
The heat source side refrigerant circuit 10b has a compressor 21, a heat source side heat exchanger 23, a liquid receiver 25, the first supercooler 22, the liquid side shut-off valve 28, a gas side shut-off valve 29, and an accumulator 24. The compressor 21 is, for example, an inverter compressor that has an inverter circuit, and performs inverter control. Therefore, the compressor 21 can arbitrarily change an operation frequency, and change capacity (an amount of refrigerant fed per unit time). Herein, the compressor 21 may be a constant speed compressor that operates at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. In Embodiment 1, as illustrated in
The heat source side heat exchanger 23 functions as a condenser that condenses refrigerant by heat exchange with outdoor air. The heat source side heat exchanger 23 is, for example, a fin and tube type heat exchanger having a plurality of heat transfer tubes and a plurality of fins.
The heat source side fan 27 is an air-sending device that sends air to the heat source side heat exchanger 23. The heat source side fan 27 is disposed near the heat source side heat exchanger 23. The heat source side fan 27 includes, for example, a centrifugal fan, a multiblade fan or other fan. The heat source side fan 27 is driven by a motor (not illustrated). Herein, the rotation speed of the motor is controlled, so that the heat source side fan 27 can adjust an air blowing amount to the heat source side heat exchanger 23.
The liquid receiver 25 is, for example, a container that stores surplus liquid refrigerant. The liquid receiver 25 is disposed between the heat source side heat exchanger 23 and the first supercooler 22. Herein, the surplus liquid refrigerant is generated in the refrigerant circuit 10 in accordance with magnitude of the load of each use side unit 4, the condensing temperature of refrigerant, an outdoor air temperature that is an outdoor temperature, and the capacity of the compressor 21, for example.
The first supercooler 22 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outdoor air. In the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1, the first supercooler 22 is integrally formed with the heat source side heat exchanger 23. Therefore, in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1, a part of the heat exchanger is configured as the heat source side heat exchanger 23, and other part of the heat exchanger is configured as the first supercooler 22. The first supercooler 22 is equivalent to a “supercooler” in the present invention. Herein, the first supercooler 22 and the heat source side heat exchanger 23 may be separately configured. In this case, a fan (not illustrated) that sends air to the first supercooler 22 is disposed near the first supercooler 22.
The liquid side shut-off valve 28 and the gas side shut-off valve 29 each have, for example, a valve that operates opening and closing, such as a ball valve, an on-off valve, and an operation valve. For example, when the refrigeration apparatus 1 is not operated, the liquid side shut-off valve 28 and the gas side shut-off valve 29 close the valves and shut off inflow and outflow of the refrigerant with the use side units 4.
The first injection flow passage 71 has an injection amount regulating valve 72 and an injection pipe 73. The injection pipe 73 has an end thereof being connected between the refrigerant flow outlet of the first supercooler 22 and the liquid side shut-off valve 28. The injection pipe 73 has the other end thereof being connected to an injection port of the compressor 21. The injection pipe 73 is a pipe that branches from the heat source side refrigerant circuit 10b, and allows a part of refrigerant sent from the heat source side heat exchanger 23 side to the use side heat exchanger 42 side to flow into the middle pressure part of the compressor 21. The injection amount regulating valve 72 adjusts the amount and the pressure of refrigerant that flows in the injection pipe 73.
Herein, in
Now, a control system apparatus and sensors provided in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 will be described. The heat source side unit 2 includes the heat source side control unit 31 that controls the entire refrigeration apparatus 1. The heat source side control unit 31 includes, for example, a microcomputer, a memory, and other devices. The use side units 4 each include the use side control unit 32 that controls the use side unit 4. Each use side control unit 32 also includes, for example, a microcomputer, a memory, and other devices. Each use side control unit 32 and the heat source side control unit 31 can perform communication to send and receive a control signal. For example, each use side control unit 32 controls the corresponding use side unit 4 in accordance with an instruction from the heat source side control unit 31.
In the refrigeration apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1, the heat source side unit 2 has a suction temperature sensor 33a, a discharge temperature sensor 33b, a suction outdoor air temperature sensor 33c, a liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h, and a supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d. The heat source side unit 2 has a suction pressure sensor 34a and a discharge pressure sensor 34b. Each use side unit 4 has a use side heat exchange inlet temperature sensor 33e, a use side heat exchange outlet temperature sensor 33f, and a suction air temperature sensor 33g. The suction temperature sensor 33a, the discharge temperature sensor 33b, the suction outdoor air temperature sensor 33c, the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h, the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d, the suction pressure sensor 34a, and the discharge pressure sensor 34b are connected to the heat source side control unit 31. The use side heat exchange inlet temperature sensor 33e, the use side heat exchange outlet temperature sensor 33f, and the suction air temperature sensor 33g are connected to the use side control unit 32.
The suction temperature sensor 33a detects the temperature of refrigerant suctioned by the compressor 21. The discharge temperature sensor 33b detects the temperature of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21. The liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h detects the refrigerant temperature in the refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25. Herein, the refrigerant temperature in the refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25 is the temperature of refrigerant that passes through the heat source side heat exchanger 23. Additionally, the refrigerant temperature in the refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25 is the temperature of refrigerant on the refrigerant flow inlet side of the first supercooler 22. Therefore, the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h also serves as a supercooler inlet temperature sensor. The supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d detects the temperature of refrigerant that passes through the first supercooler 22. Each use side heat exchange inlet temperature sensor 33e detects the temperature of two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant that flows into the use side heat exchanger 42. Each use side heat exchange outlet temperature sensor 33f detects the temperature of the refrigerant that flows out of the use side heat exchanger 42. Herein, each of the aforementioned sensors that detects the temperature of the refrigerant is disposed to be brought into contact with a refrigerant pipe or to be inserted into the refrigerant pipe, and detects the temperature of the refrigerant, for example.
Each suction outdoor air temperature sensor 33c detects the temperature of air that has not yet passed through the heat source side heat exchanger 23, so that an outdoor ambient temperature is detected. Each suction air temperature sensor 33g detects the temperature of air that has not yet passed through the use side heat exchanger 42, so that an ambient temperature in a room where the use side heat exchanger 42 is installed is detected.
The suction pressure sensor 34a is disposed on the suction side of the compressor 21, and the pressure of refrigerant suctioned by the compressor 21 is detected. Herein, the suction pressure sensor 34a only needs to be disposed between the gas side shut-off valve 29 and the compressor 21. The discharge pressure sensor 34b is disposed on the discharge side of the compressor 21, and detects the pressure of refrigerant discharged by the compressor 21.
In Embodiment 1, the condensing temperature of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 can be obtained by converting the pressure of the discharge pressure sensor 34b into the saturation temperature. However, the condensing temperature of the heat source side heat exchanger 23 can also be acquired by regarding, as the condensing temperature, the temperature detected by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h installed in the refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25.
An acquisition unit 3a acquires the temperature, the pressure and other values detected by the sensors as data on the basis of signals from the sensors such as the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor. An arithmetic unit 3b performs a process such as arithmetic operation, comparison and determination by using the data acquired by the acquisition unit 3a. A drive unit 3d controls driving of apparatuses such as the compressor 21, the valves, and the fan by using a result calculated by the arithmetic unit 3b. A storage unit 3c stores, for example, physical property values (such as saturation pressure and a saturation temperature), of refrigerant, data for arithmetic operation by the arithmetic unit 3b, and other data. The arithmetic unit 3b can refer or update the contents of the data stored in the storage unit 3c as necessary.
The control unit 3 includes an input unit 3e and an output unit 3f. The input unit 3e processes a signal related to operation input from a remote control, switches (not illustrated), or other input means, or processes a signal of communication data sent from a communication unit (not illustrated) such as a telephone line and a LAN. The output unit 3f outputs a processing result of the control unit 3 to a display unit (not illustrated) such as an LED, and a monitor, outputs the processing result to a notification unit (not illustrated) such as a speaker, or outputs the processing result to a communication unit (not illustrated) such as a telephone line and a LAN. Herein, when a signal including data is output to a remote location by the communication unit, communication units (not illustrated) having the same communication protocol may be provided in both the refrigeration apparatus 1 and a remote device (not illustrated).
Herein, the control unit 3 has a microcomputer as described above. The microcomputer has, for example, a control arithmetic processing device such as a central processing unit (CPU). The control arithmetic processing device implements functions of the acquisition unit 3a, the arithmetic unit 3b, and the drive unit 3d. Additionally, the control unit 3 has an I/O port that manages output/input. The I/O port implements functions of the input unit 3e and the output unit 3f. Additionally, the control unit 3 has, for example, a volatile storage device (not illustrated) such as a random access memory (RAM), and a hard disk that are capable of temporarily storing data, and a nonvolatile auxiliary storage device (not illustrated) such as a flash memory capable of storing data for a long period. These storage devices each implement a function of the storage unit 3c. For example, the storage device has data obtained by programming a process procedure performed by the control arithmetic processing device. The control arithmetic processing device performs a process on the basis of the data of the program, and implements functions of the acquisition unit 3a, the arithmetic unit 3b, and the drive unit 3d. However, this is not restrictive, and each unit may be composed of a dedicated device (hardware).
Herein, for example, a shortage of a refrigerant amount can be determined by use of the refrigeration apparatus 1 and the remote device (not illustrated). In this case, for example, the arithmetic unit 3b calculates the temperature efficiency T of the first supercooler 22 by use of data acquired by the acquisition unit 3a. Then, the output unit 3f transmits, to the remote device, a signal including data of the temperature efficiency T calculated by the arithmetic unit 3b. The remote device includes, for example, a refrigerant shortage determination unit (not illustrated) that determines a shortage of a refrigerant amount, and determines the shortage of the refrigerant amount by using the temperature efficiency T. Refrigerant shortage information and other information are managed by the remote device, so that states such as abnormality of the refrigeration apparatus 1 can be early discovered at a place where the remote device is installed. Therefore, when abnormality occurs in the refrigeration apparatus 1, it is possible to perform maintenance, for example, of the refrigeration apparatus 1.
Herein, in the aforementioned description, an example in which the control unit 3 is included in the heat source side control unit 31 is described. However, it is not restrictive. For example, the control unit 3 may be included in each use side control unit 32. The control unit 3 may be configured as a device different from the heat source side control unit 31 and the use side control units 32.
[Operation of Refrigeration Apparatus 1 (Case where Refrigerant Amount is Proper)]
The liquid refrigerant that flows out of the liquid receiver 25 of
The liquid refrigerant supercooled by the first supercooler 22 of
The two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant decompressed by each use side expansion valve 41 of
The gas refrigerant evaporated by each use side heat exchanger 42 and gasified flows into the heat source side unit 2 through the gas refrigerant extension pipe 7. The refrigerant that flows into the heat source side unit 2 returns to the compressor 21 through the gas side shut-off valve 29 and the accumulator 24.
Now, injection using the first injection flow passage 71 will be described. The injection in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 is that refrigerant flows in through the first injection flow passage 71. The discharge temperature of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 can be reduced by performing the injection. When the injection is performed, the injection amount regulating valve 72 decompresses a part of high pressure liquid refrigerant supercooled by the first supercooler 22. The decompressed refrigerant is turned to be medium pressure two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the middle pressure part of the compressor 21.
When the refrigerant is further reduced, and the surplus liquid refrigerant in the liquid receiver 25 is used up, an enthalpy at the position of the point B of the refrigerant flow outlet side of the liquid receiver 25 is increased as illustrated in
In the example of
Degree of Supercooling SC=Saturated Liquid Temperature 32 [degrees C.]−Supercooler Outlet Temperature 32 [degrees C.]=0 [K] (1)
However, the temperature detected at the outlet side of the first supercooler 22 by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h is 35 [degrees C.]. Additionally, the temperature detected by the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is turned to be 32 [degrees C.]. The refrigerant has temperature gradient, and therefore the temperature difference is 3 [K]. This is a state of the refrigerant shortage 1. On the other hand, in a case of refrigerant having no temperature gradient, the temperature difference is 0 [K].
Degree of Supercooling SC=Saturated Liquid Temperature 32 [degrees C.]−Supercooler Outlet Temperature 35 [degrees C.]=−3 [K] (2)
However, the temperature detected by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h on the refrigerant flow outlet side of the first supercooler 22 is 37 [degrees C.]. Additionally, the temperature detected by the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is 35 [degrees C.]. The refrigerant has temperature gradient, and therefore the temperature difference is 2 [K]. This is a state of the refrigerant shortage 2.
In Step ST1 of
For example, the heat source side control unit 31 controls the operation frequency of the compressor 21 such that the evaporating temperature in each use side heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration apparatus 1 coincides with a target evaporating temperature. Herein, the target evaporating temperature is, for example, 0 [degrees C.]. The evaporating temperature of each use side heat exchanger 42 can also be obtained by converting the pressure detected by the suction pressure sensor 34a into the saturation temperature. For example, when the heat source side control unit 31 determines that a current evaporating temperature is higher than the target evaporating temperature, control of increasing the operation frequency of the compressor 21 is performed. When the heat source side control unit 31 determines that a current evaporating temperature is lower than the target evaporating temperature, control of reducing the operation frequency of the compressor 21 is performed.
For example, the heat source side control unit 31 controls the rotation speed of the heat source side fan 27 that sends air to the heat source side heat exchanger 23 such that the condensing temperature in the refrigeration cycle of the refrigeration apparatus 1 coincides with a target condensing temperature. Herein, the target condensing temperature is, for example, 45 [degrees C.]. The condensing temperature in the heat source side heat exchanger 23 of the refrigeration apparatus 1 can also be obtained by converting the pressure detected by the discharge pressure sensor 34b into the saturation temperature. For example, when determining that the current condensing temperature is higher than the target condensing temperature, the heat source side control unit 31 performs control of increasing the rotation speed of the heat source side fan 27. Additionally, when determining that the current condensing temperature is lower than the target condensing temperature, the heat source side control unit 31 performs control of reducing the rotation speed of the heat source side fan 27.
For example, the heat source side control unit 31 adjusts the opening degree of the injection amount regulating valve 72 of the first injection flow passage 71 by using signals sent from the various sensors. For example, when determining that the current discharge temperature in the compressor 21 is high, the heat source side control unit 31 controls such that the opening degree of the injection amount regulating valve 72 is increased. When determining that the current discharge temperature of the compressor 21 is low, the heat source side control unit 31 controls such that the opening degree of the injection amount regulating valve 72 is decreased. Then, for example, the heat source side control unit 31 controls the rotation speed of each use side fan 43 that sends air to the use side unit 4.
In Step ST2, the heat source side control unit 31 calculates the degree SC of supercooling by using, for example, the liquid receiver outlet temperature, and the supercooler outlet temperature.
In Step ST3, the heat source side control unit 31 determines whether the normal operation control performed by the refrigeration apparatus 1 in Step ST1 is stable. When the heat source side control unit 31 determines that the operation control by the refrigeration apparatus 1 is not stable, the process returns to Step ST1. On the other hand, when the heat source side control unit 31 determines that the operation control by the refrigeration apparatus 1 is stable, the process proceeds to Step ST4.
In Step ST4, the heat source side control unit 31 determines whether the refrigerant amount in the refrigerant circuit 10 is proper, by comparing a refrigerant amount determination parameter with a reference value thereof. Specifically, a deviation amount ΔSC (=SC−SCm) between the degree SC of supercooling at the refrigerant flow outlet of the first supercooler 22 and a determination threshold value SCm is obtained. Herein, the deviation amount ΔSC is defined as the refrigerant amount determination parameter. Then, it is determined whether or not the obtained deviation amount ΔSC is not less than a value of a set deviation amount (for example, 1.5 (=5.0-3.5)). When the heat source side control unit 31 determines that the deviation amount ΔSC is not less than the value of the set deviation amount, it is regarded that there is not a shortage of the refrigerant amount, and the process proceeds to Step ST5. When the heat source side control unit 31 determines that the deviation amount ΔSC is smaller than the set deviation amount, it is regarded that there is a shortage of the refrigerant amount, and the process proceeds to Step ST6.
At this time, as for the degree SC of supercooling of the first supercooler 22, it is desirable that a moving average of a plurality of temporally different degrees SC of supercooling be taken, compared to use of an instantaneous value calculated on the basis of a single detection. The determination based on the moving average of the plurality of temporally different degrees SC of supercooling is performed, so that stability in the refrigerant circuit 10 can be considered. Herein, the determination threshold value SCm may store, for example, data preset in the storage unit 3c of the heat source side control unit 31. Additionally, as the determination threshold value SCm, data input from the remote control, a switch, or other input means may be set. Furthermore, the data may be set as the determination threshold value SCm, depending on an instruction sent from the remote device (not illustrated).
When determining that a refrigerant amount determination result in Step ST4 is a proper refrigerant amount, the heat source side control unit 31 outputs information that the refrigerant amount is proper, in Step ST5. When the refrigerant amount is proper, the information that the refrigerant amount is proper is displayed on a display unit (not illustrated) such as an LED and a liquid crystal display provided in the refrigeration apparatus 1, for example. Additionally, for example, a signal indicating that the refrigerant amount is proper is transmitted to the remote device (not illustrated).
On the other hand, when determining that the refrigerant amount determination result in Step ST4 indicates a shortage of refrigerant amount, in Step ST6, the heat source side control unit 31 outputs information that the refrigerant amount is abnormal. When the refrigerant amount is abnormal, an alarm indicating that the refrigerant amount is abnormal is displayed on a display unit (not illustrated) such as an LED and a liquid crystal display disposed in the refrigeration apparatus 1, for example. Additionally, for example, a signal indicating that the refrigerant amount is abnormal is transmitted to the remote device (not illustrated). Herein, when the refrigerant amount is abnormal, urgent handling is often required, and therefore abnormality may be directly notified to a serviceman through a telephone line or other communication means.
Herein, after calculating the degree SC of supercooling in Step ST2, the heat source side control unit 31 determines whether or not determination of the refrigerant amount is performed in Step ST3. However, the heat source side control unit 31 may perform the process of Step ST2 after the process of Step ST3. After determining whether or not the determination of the refrigerant amount is performed, the degree SC of supercooling is calculated, so that it is possible to reduce a processing amount calculated by the heat source side control unit 31.
As described above, in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1, the heat source side control unit 31 including the control unit 3 controls the apparatuses such as the compressor 21 such that the degree SC of supercooling of the first supercooler 22 is larger than temperature gradient generated between the refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25 and the first supercooler 22. The refrigerant amount determination process of determining whether or not the refrigerant amount is proper is performed on the basis of comparison between the degree SC of supercooling in the first supercooler 22 and the determination threshold value SCm set to be larger than the temperature gradient generated between the refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25 and the first supercooler 22. Therefore, even when refrigerant having a large temperature gradient is used in the refrigerant circuit 10, the heat source side control unit 31 can perform the refrigerant amount determination process highly precisely. This refrigerant amount determination process can be applied also to refrigerant having no temperature gradient or a small temperature gradient.
Furthermore, in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1, the refrigerant amount determination process can be performed by use of the various temperature sensors, and therefore it is possible to perform the refrigerant amount determination process with an inexpensive configuration without requiring pressure sensor.
Herein, in the aforementioned operation control, control of specifying the condensing temperature and the evaporating temperature is not performed. However, for example, control of causing the condensing temperature and the evaporating temperature to be constant may be performed. For example, the operation frequency of the compressor 21 and the rotation speed of the heat source side fan 27 of the heat source side unit 2 are made constant values, and the condensing temperature and the evaporating temperature may not be controlled. For example, control of making one of the condensing temperature and the evaporating temperature is target temperature may be performed. Change of an operation state amount that changes in accordance with the degree SC of supercooling of the first supercooler 22 and the degree SC of supercooling is reduced by control of the operation state of the refrigeration apparatus 1 under constant conditions. Therefore, it is possible to easily determine the threshold value, and the refrigerant amount determination process is easily performed.
The refrigerant amount determination process of Embodiment 1 is applied to refrigerant filling work performed when the refrigeration apparatus 1 is installed, or refrigerant filling work performed when maintenance of the refrigeration apparatus 1 is performed, so that it is possible to implement reduction of time for refrigerant filling work, and load reduction of a worker.
In Embodiment 1, the degree SC of supercooling was calculated, for example, on the basis of the liquid receiver outlet temperature detected by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h. In Embodiment 2, a saturated liquid temperature is obtained from pressure detected by the supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c. Then, a difference between the saturated liquid temperature and a temperature detected by the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is defined as the degree SC of supercooling. The degree SC of supercooling is obtained on the basis of the pressure and the temperature of refrigerant at the same position, so that the temperature gradient of the refrigerant does not need to be considered.
Herein, a saturated liquid temperature in an installation position of the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d may be obtained on the basis of a saturated liquid temperature obtained from discharge pressure detected by the discharge pressure sensor 34b. Then, the difference between the saturated liquid temperature and the temperature detected by the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is defined as the degree SC of supercooling. Therefore, the degree SC of supercooling can be obtained on the basis of the discharge pressure, and therefore it is possible to reduce the number of pressure sensors, and it is possible to attain cost reduction.
Herein, as to the saturation temperature obtained from the pressure at the same position as the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d, the saturation temperature being obtained at this time, the saturated liquid temperature obtained from the discharge pressure detected by the discharge pressure sensor 34b, and a temperature gradient in the first supercooler 22 at the time of refrigerant shortage need to be considered. Additionally, when there is a pressure loss between the discharge pressure sensor 34b and a refrigerant flow outlet of the first supercooler 22, it is necessary to consider a reduced amount of the saturation temperature due to the pressure loss. Therefore, while precision is slightly reduced compared with a case where the saturated liquid temperature is obtained from the pressure detected by the supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c, the number of pressure sensors is reduced, so that it is possible to attain cost reduction.
As described above, according to the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 2, the supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c that detects the pressure at the same position as the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is installed. Therefore, the degree SC of supercooling can be calculated on the basis of the liquid saturation temperature obtained from the pressure detected in the refrigerant flow outlet of the first supercooler 22, and the refrigerant amount determination process can be performed highly preciously regardless of the temperature gradient of the refrigerant.
Furthermore, in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 2, the temperature gradient of the refrigerant does not need to be considered, and therefore the heat source side control unit 31 can perform the refrigerant amount determination process in the same procedure regardless of the presence of the temperature gradient of the refrigerant. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a development load of program software performed by the heat source side control unit 31.
In the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 3, a refrigerant amount is determined by use of the temperature efficiency T of the first supercooler 22, the change of which to the change of an operating condition of the refrigeration apparatus 1 is smaller than the degree SC of supercooling. The temperature efficiency T indicates efficiency of the first supercooler 22 as described below. Herein, components of the refrigeration apparatus 1 in Embodiment 3 are the same as the components of the refrigeration apparatus 1 in
The temperature efficiency T of the first supercooler 22 indicates efficiency of the first supercooler 22, and is a numeral value expressed by using a maximum temperature difference X obtainable in the first supercooler 22 as a denominator, and using an actual temperature difference Y as a numerator. Therefore, the temperature efficiency T is a value obtained by dividing the actually obtainable temperature difference Y by the maximum temperature difference X, and is expressed by Expression (3) described below.
Temperature Efficiency T=Actually Obtainable Temperature Difference Y/Maximum Temperature Difference X (3)
In the first supercooler 22, the maximum temperature difference X is a temperature difference between a condensing temperature s1 and an outdoor air temperature s3. An actually obtainable temperature difference B is a difference between the condensing temperature s1 and a temperature s2 on the outlet side of the first supercooler 22.
In a case where the refrigerant amount is determined by use of the temperature efficiency T, when the temperature efficiency T is smaller than a preset threshold value, the heat source side control unit 31 determines that there is a shortage of the refrigerant amount. Herein, for example, when refrigerant having a large temperature gradient is used, the threshold value is set to be larger than a value obtained by considering the amount of the temperature gradient obtained from the refrigerant flow outlet side of the liquid receiver 25 to the first supercooler 22.
The flow of the refrigerant amount determination process in the refrigeration apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 3 is the same as that of the refrigerant amount determination process described on the basis of
As described above, in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 3, the heat source side control unit 31 calculates the temperature efficiency T, and performs the refrigerant amount determination process on the basis of the temperature efficiency T, the determination threshold value of the temperature efficiency T is made larger than a value obtained by considering a temperature gradient, and in the specification of the first supercooler 22, the temperature efficiency T at the time of the proper refrigerant amount is made larger than the temperature efficiency T by the temperature gradient at the time of refrigerant shortage, and therefore the time until the shortage of the refrigerant amount is determined can be made shorter than time when determining by the degree SC of supercooling. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the leakage amount of the refrigerant.
A refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 4 has a supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c in place of the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h as in the case of the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 2. Therefore, a configuration of the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 4 is the same as the configuration in
In Embodiment 3 described above, the temperature efficiency T of the first supercooler 22 is calculated, for example, on the basis of the liquid receiver outlet temperature detected by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h. In Embodiment 4, a saturated liquid temperature is obtained from pressure detected by the supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c. Then, a difference between the saturated liquid temperature and a temperature detected by the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is defined as the degree SC of supercooling, and the temperature efficiency T of the first supercooler 22 is calculated. The temperature efficiency T is obtained on the basis of the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant at the same position, so that it is not necessary to consider the temperature gradient of the refrigerant.
Herein, a saturated liquid temperature at an installation position of the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d may be obtained on the basis of a saturated liquid temperature obtained from discharge pressure detected by the discharge pressure sensor 34b. Then, the difference between the saturated liquid temperature and the temperature detected by the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is defined as the degree SC of supercooling. Therefore, the degree SC of supercooling and the temperature efficiency T can be obtained on the basis of the discharge pressure, and therefore it is possible to reduce the number of pressure sensors, and it is possible to attain cost reduction.
Herein, as to the saturation temperature of the pressure at the same position as the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d, the saturation temperature being obtained at this time, the saturated liquid temperature obtained from the discharge pressure detected by the discharge pressure sensor 34b, and a temperature gradient at the first supercooler 22 at the time of refrigerant shortage need to be considered. Additionally, when there is a pressure loss between the discharge pressure sensor 34b and a refrigerant flow outlet of the first supercooler 22, it is necessary to consider a reduced amount of the saturation temperature due to the pressure loss. Therefore, while precision is slightly deteriorated compared with a case where the saturated liquid temperature is obtained from the pressure detected by the supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c, the number of pressure sensors is reduced, so that it is possible to attain cost reduction.
As described above, according to the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 4, the supercooler outlet pressure sensor 34c that detects the pressure at the same position as the supercooler outlet temperature sensor 33d is installed. Therefore, the temperature efficiency T can be calculated on the basis of the liquid saturation temperature obtained from the pressure detected at the refrigerant flow outlet of the first supercooler 22, and the refrigerant amount determination process can be performed highly precisely regardless of the temperature gradient of the refrigerant.
Furthermore, in the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 4, the temperature gradient of the refrigerant does not need to be considered, and therefore the heat source side control unit 31 can perform the refrigerant amount determination process in the same procedure regardless of the presence of the temperature gradient of the refrigerant. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a development load of program software performed by the heat source side control unit 31.
In the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 5, a pressure sensor 35c is installed between a heat source side heat exchanger 23 and a first supercooler 22. In Embodiment 5, the position is the same as the installation position of a liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h installed at a refrigerant flow outlet of the liquid receiver 25. A heat source side control unit 31 determines refrigerant composition change at the time of refrigerant shortage with a temperature difference Z (=α−β) between a detection temperature α by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h, and a saturated liquid temperature β based on detection pressure by the pressure sensor 35c as an index. Therefore, the heat source side control unit 31 according to Embodiment 5 functions as a composition change determination unit.
After the refrigerant shortage of a refrigerant circuit 10 is determined by the process in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 or other process, when the refrigerant composition change does not occur, a temperature gradient is increased. For example, as illustrated in
Temperature Difference Z=α−β
=32−32 [degrees C.]=0 [degrees C.] (4)
On the other hand, when refrigerant leakage proceeds to the state of the refrigerant shortage 1 illustrated in
Temperature Difference Z=α−β
=35−32 [degrees C.]=3 [degrees C.] (5)
Furthermore, when refrigerant leakage proceeds to the state of the refrigerant shortage 2 illustrated in
Temperature Difference Z=α−β
=37−32 [degrees C.]=5 [degrees C.] (6)
As described above, when refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit 10, and the refrigerant composition change does not occur, the temperature difference Z is generated between the detection temperature α in the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h and the saturated liquid temperature β based on the detection pressure in the pressure sensor 35c. The heat source side control unit 31 can determine refrigerant leakage by the temperature difference Z.
For example, it is assumed that the aforementioned mixed refrigerant of R32, R125, R134a, R1234yf and CO2 satisfying six conditions, or mixed refrigerant that generates a temperature gradient such as R407C, R448A, or R449A is sealed in the refrigerant circuit. When mixed refrigerant in a two-phase gas-liquid state leaks from the refrigerant circuit 10, deviation occurs in respective leakage amounts of ingredients, and composition is often largely changed. When such composition change occurs, a large temperature difference due to the temperature gradient is not generated.
In Embodiment 5, the heat source side control unit 31 determines the refrigerant shortage by the method of Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 or other method, and determines whether or not composition change occurs due to refrigerant leakage, from the temperature difference Z. Herein, even when the refrigerant leakage occurs in a gas single phase region or a liquid single phase region, composition change hardly occurs. In such a case, the heat source side control unit 31 can perform a process of determining the refrigerant shortage only by the temperature difference Z.
When the composition change of the mixed refrigerant is generated, whole refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit needs to be collected, and be replaced. This is because when the composition change is generated, deviation occurs between the saturation pressure and the saturation temperature of the refrigerant, and a situation of the refrigerant circuit 10 cannot be correctly recognized. On the other hand, when the composition change is not generated, the whole refrigerant is not collected, and refrigerant only needs to be additionally filled. When the refrigerant composition change can be determined, it is possible to prevent unnecessary collection of whole refrigerant, and addition of whole refrigerant, and to save refrigerant.
As described above, according to the refrigeration apparatus 1 of Embodiment 5, the heat source side control unit 31 calculates the temperature difference Z between the detection temperature α by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h and the saturated liquid temperature β based on the detection pressure by the pressure sensor 35c. Therefore, in the case of refrigerant shortage, the temperature difference Z is used, so that it is possible to determine the presence of composition change, and it is possible to correctly detect a situation of the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant circuit 10. Therefore, it is possible to more efficiently control the refrigeration apparatus 1. The presence of composition change is determined, so that it is also possible to determine whether or not collection of whole refrigerant is required, when the refrigerant leakage is generated.
The pressure sensor 35c may not be installed, and the heat source side control unit 31 may calculate (estimate) saturation temperature obtained by considering the temperature gradient and the pressure loss of the condenser from the detection pressure by a discharge pressure sensor 34b. The heat source side control unit 31 may determine the presence of composition change, by the temperature difference between the saturation temperature, and the detection temperature by the liquid receiver outlet temperature sensor 33h.
As illustrated in
A part of refrigerant that passes through the second supercooler 26 is expanded by an injection amount regulating valve 72 to be middle pressure refrigerant. Then, the middle pressure refrigerant exchanges heat with the refrigerant that passes through the second supercooler 26. As a result, high pressure refrigerant that flows out of the first supercooler 22, and is heat-exchanged by the second supercooler 26 is further supercooled. The middle pressure refrigerant that flows in from the injection amount regulating valve 72, and is heat-exchanged by the second supercooler 26 turns to be refrigerant having high quality, and is injected into a middle pressure port of a compressor 21 to reduce the discharge temperature of the compressor 21.
In the refrigeration apparatus 1A of Embodiment 6, a refrigerant determination process performed by a heat source side control unit 31 can be performed by use of the degree SC of supercooling of the first supercooler 22, or temperature efficiency T. The heat source side control unit 31 may perform the refrigerant determination process by use of the degree SC of supercooling of the second supercooler 26, or the temperature efficiency T. Furthermore, the heat source side control unit 31 may perform the refrigerant determination process by use of both the degree SC of supercooling of the first supercooler 22 and the degree SC of supercooling of the second supercooler 26, or the temperature efficiency T. Herein, in the refrigeration apparatus 1A of Embodiment 6, the first supercooler 22 may not be installed, and the refrigeration apparatus 1A may be configured to allow the refrigerant that flows out of the liquid receiver 25 to flow into the second supercooler 26. The temperature efficiency T at this time is Temperature Efficiency T=Actually Obtainable Temperature Difference Y/Maximum Temperature Difference=(Detection Temperature by Liquid Receiver Outlet Temperature Sensor 33h−Detection Temperature by Supercooler Outlet Temperature Sensor 33d)/(Detection Temperature by Liquid Receiver Outlet Temperature Sensor 33h−Middle Pressure Saturation Temperature on Downstream Side of Injection Amount Regulating Valve 72).
In Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 described above, the refrigeration apparatus 1 and the refrigeration apparatus 1A are described as examples of a refrigeration cycle apparatus. However, this is not restrictive. For example, the present invention can be applied to an air-conditioning device, a refrigeration apparatus, or other refrigeration cycle apparatus.
In Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 described above, description is made assuming that the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle apparatus is refrigerant having a large temperature gradient. However, the configurations of Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 6 can be applied also to refrigerant having a small temperature gradient or having no temperature gradient.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/033320 | 9/14/2017 | WO | 00 |
