REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS

Abstract
A refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat exchanger can decrease the material cost. An air conditioning apparatus (10) that is a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, an outdoor heat exchanger (23), and an indoor heat exchanger (27). One of the outdoor heat exchanger (23) and the indoor heat exchanger (27) is an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant, and the other one is a condenser that condenses the refrigerant. The outdoor heat exchanger (23) and the indoor heat exchanger (27) each are a heat exchanger that includes metal plates (19) serving as a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and flat tubes (16) serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the flat tubes (16) and the air flowing along the metal plates (19) to exchange heat with each other. The refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the outdoor heat exchanger (23) and the indoor heat exchanger (27).
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus.


BACKGROUND ART

There has been a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a heat exchanger as described in, for example, PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-256358). Like the heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle apparatus described in PTL 1, a heat transfer tube may use a copper pipe.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem

A heat exchanger like one described in PTL 1 is expensive because the heat transfer tube uses the copper pipe.


In this way, the refrigeration cycle apparatus including the heat exchanger has an object to decrease the material cost.


Solution to Problem

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a first aspect includes a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene; an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant; and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant; at least one of the evaporator and the condenser is a heat exchanger that includes a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tubes and a fluid flowing along the fins to exchange heat with each other; and the refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the evaporator and the condenser.


With the refrigeration cycle apparatus, since the plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy are included, for example, as compared to a case where a heat transfer tube uses a copper pipe, the material cost of the heat exchanger can be decreased.


A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, in which each of the plurality of fins has a plurality of holes, the plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrate through the plurality of holes of the plurality of fins, and outer peripheries of the plurality of heat transfer tubes are in close contact with inner peripheries of the plurality of holes.


A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, in which the plurality of heat transfer tubes are a plurality of flat tubes, and flat surface portions of the flat tubes that are disposed next to each other face each other.


A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect, in which each of the plurality of fins is bent in a waveform, disposed between the flat surface portions of the flat tubes disposed next to each other, and connected to the flat surface portions to be able to transfer heat to the flat surface portions.


A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third aspect, in which each of the plurality of fins has a plurality of cutouts, and the plurality of flat tubes are inserted into the plurality of cutouts of the plurality of fins and connected thereto to be able to transfer heat to the plurality of fins.

    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 6th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).


In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.

    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 7th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:


      point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
    • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
    • the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 8th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:


      point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
    • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
    • the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 9th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:


      point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),


      point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
    • the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
    • the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
    • the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
    • the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 10th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:


      point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),


      point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
    • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43)
    • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
    • the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 11th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),


      point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and


      point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
    • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
    • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
    • the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
    • the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 12th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),


      point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and


      point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),


      or on the above line segments;
    • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
    • the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
    • the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 13th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the 6th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:


      point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),


      point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and


      point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),


      or on the above line segments,
    • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
    • the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
    • the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 14th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
    • the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 15th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
    • the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 16th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
    • if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:


      point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),


      point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),


      point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),


      point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),


      point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and


      point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
    • if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),


      point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),


      point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),


      point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
    • if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),


      point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),


      point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),


      point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
    • if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),


      point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),


      point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),


      point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
    • if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),


      point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),


      point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),


      point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 17th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
    • if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:


      point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),


      point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),


      point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),


      point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and


      point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
    • if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:


      point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),


      point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),


      point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
    • if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:


      point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),


      point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),


      point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
    • if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:


      point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),


      point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),


      point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),


      point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
    • if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:


      point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),


      point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),


      point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),


      point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 17th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:


      point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and


      point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
    • the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
    • the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
    • the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 19th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:


      point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),


      point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),


      point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and


      point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
    • the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
    • the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
    • the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
    • the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 20th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:


      point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and


      point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),


      or on these line segments;
    • the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
    • the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
    • the line segment UO is a straight line.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 21th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:


      point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),


      point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),


      point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),


      point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and


      point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),


      or on these line segments;
    • the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
    • the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
    • the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
    • the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
    • the line segment TL is a straight line.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 22th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:


      point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),


      point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and


      point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),


      or on these line segments;
    • the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
    • the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
    • the line segment TP is a straight line.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 23th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:


      point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),


      point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),


      point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
    • the line segment IK is represented by coordinates


      (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
    • the line segment HR is represented by coordinates


      (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
    • the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 24th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:


      point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
    • the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates


      (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
    • the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 25th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:


      point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),


      point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),


      point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
    • the line segment MP is represented by coordinates


      (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
    • the line segment HR is represented by coordinates


      (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
    • the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 26th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:


      point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
    • the line segment MN is represented by coordinates


      (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
    • the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 27th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:


      point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),


      point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and


      point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),


      or on these line segments;
    • the line segment ST is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
    • the line segment TP is represented by coordinates


      (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
    • the line segment PS is a straight line.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
    • A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a 28th aspect is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the first through 5th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,


      wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:


      point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),


      point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),


      point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and


      point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
    • the line segment DU is represented by coordinates


      (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
    • the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates


      (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
    • the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.
    • In this refrigeration cycle apparatus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus can decrease the material cost of the heat exchanger when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS


FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.



FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.



FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.



FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).



FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).



FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).



FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).



FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).



FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).



FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).



FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).



FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).



FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).



FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.



FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.



FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigeration apparatus according to a first embodiment.



FIG. 17 is a front view of an outdoor heat exchanger or an indoor heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.



FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a flat tube of a heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.



FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view of an outdoor heat exchanger according to a second embodiment.



FIG. 20 is a partly enlarged view when a heat exchange section of the outdoor heat exchanger is cut in the vertical direction.



FIG. 21 is a sectional view in a pipe-axis direction illustrating an inner-surface grooved tube according to a third embodiment.



FIG. 22 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of the inner-surface grooved tube illustrated in FIG. 21.



FIG. 23 is a partly enlarged view illustrating in an enlarged manner a portion of the inner-surface grooved tube illustrated in FIG. 22.



FIG. 24 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of a plate fin.





DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms





    • In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.

    • In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

    • In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

    • The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

    • In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

    • In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

    • In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

    • In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.





(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.


(2-2) Use of refrigerant


The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.


The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.


(3) Refrigerant Composition





    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.





(3-1) Water





    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.





(3-2) Tracer





    • A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

    • The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.

    • Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

    • The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.


      FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF4)


      HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH3Cl)


      HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF3)


      HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH3Cl)


      HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF3CHF2)


      HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF3CH2F)


      HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF2CHF2)


      HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF3CH3)


      HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF2CH2F)


      HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF2CH3)


      HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH2FCH2F)


      HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH3CH2F)


      HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF3CH2CHF2)


      HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CH2CF3)


      HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF3CHFCHF2)


      HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF3CHFCF3)


      HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2)


      HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH2ClF)


      CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2═CClF)


      HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF3OCHF2)


      HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF3OCH2F)


      HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF3OCH3)


      HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF3OCHFCF3)


      HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF3OCH2CF3)





The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.


(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye





    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

    • The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

    • Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.





(3-4) Stabilizer





    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

    • The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

    • Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

    • Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

    • Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

    • Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

    • Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

    • The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.





(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor





    • The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

    • The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

    • Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

    • The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.





(4) Refrigeration Oil—Containing Working Fluid





    • The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.





(4-1) Refrigeration Oil





    • The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

    • The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

    • The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

    • A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

    • The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.





(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent





    • The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

    • The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

    • Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.





(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.


In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.


(5-1) Refrigerant A





    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.





Requirements





    • Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:


      point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);

    • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),

    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3,

    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),

    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and

    • the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:


      point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);

    • the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),

    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),

    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),

    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and

    • the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:


      point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),


      point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

    • the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),

    • the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),

    • the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),

    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),

    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),

    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and

    • the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:


      point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),


      point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and


      point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);

    • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),

    • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),

    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),

    • the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),

    • the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and

    • the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.





When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),


      point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and


      point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
    • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
    • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
    • the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
    • the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),


      point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and


      point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),


      or on the above line segments;
    • the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
    • the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
    • the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:


      point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),


      point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),


      point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and


      point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),


      or on the above line segments,
    • the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
    • the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
    • the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
    • the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
    • the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:


      point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),


      point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),


      point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and


      point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points 0 and h);
    • the line segment dg is represented by coordinates


      (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
    • the line segment gh is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
    • the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:


      point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),


      point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),


      point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and


      point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
    • the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
    • the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
    • the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:


      point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),


      point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),


      point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points 0 and f);
    • the line segment de is represented by coordinates


      (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
    • the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z2−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z2+0.1565z+34.499, z), and
    • the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
    • coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:


      point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),


      point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),


      point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and


      point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),


      or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
    • the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
    • the line segment ef is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
    • the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
    • coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:


      point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),


      point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),


      point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points 0 and c);
    • the line segment ab is represented by coordinates


      (0.0052y2−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y2+0.5588y+6.615),
    • the line segment bc is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z2−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
    • the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
    • The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
    • coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:


      point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),


      point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and


      point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),


      or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
    • the line segment kb is represented by coordinates


      (0.0052y2−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y2+0.5588y+6.615),
    • the line segment bj is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0032z2−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
    • the line segment jk is a straight line.
    • When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
    • The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
    • The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
    • Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.


(Examples of Refrigerant A)





    • The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.

    • The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

    • Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.


      Evaporating temperature: 5° C.


      Condensation temperature: 45° C.


      Degree of superheating: 5 K


      Degree of subcooling: 5 K


      Compressor efficiency: 70%

    • Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.




















TABLE 1








Comp.
Comp.

Example

Comp.




Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Example
2
Example
Ex. 4


Item
Unit
Ex. 1
O
A
1
A′
3
B























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
100.0
68.6
49.0
30.6
14.1
0.0


HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
0.0
14.9
30.0
44.8
58.7


R1234yf
mass %

0.0
31.4
36.1
39.4
41.1
41.3


GWP

2088
1
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.7
100.0
98.6
97.3
96.3
95.5



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100
98.3
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.1
0.00
1.98
3.36
4.46
5.15
5.35


glide


Discharge
% (relative
100.0
99.3
87.1
88.9
90.6
92.1
93.2


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3

30.7
37.5
44.0
52.7
64.0
78.6

























TABLE 2







Comp.

Example

Comp.
Comp.
Example
Comp.




Ex. 5
Example
5
Example
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
7
Ex. 8


Item
Unit
C
4
C′
6
D
E
E′
F
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.9
26.6
19.5
10.9
0.0
58.0
23.4
0.0


HFO-1123
mass %
67.1
68.4
70.5
74.1
80.4
42.0
48.5
61.8


R1234yf
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
19.6
0.0
28.1
38.2


GWP

1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
95.0
95.0
95.0



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
107.4
105.2
102.9
100.5
97.9
105.0
92.5
86.9


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.16
0.52
0.94
1.42
1.90
0.42
3.16
4.80


glide


Discharge
% (relative
119.5
117.4
115.3
113.0
115.9
112.7
101.0
95.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
53.5
57.1
62.0
69.1
81.3
41.9
46.3
79.0























TABLE 3







Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example




Ex. 9
8
9
10
11
12


Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K






















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3


HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4


R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3


GWP

1
1
1
1
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
93.8
95.0
96.1
97.9
99.1
99.5



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
104.1
101.6
95.0
88.2
85.0


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.31
0.57
0.81
1.41
2.11
2.51


glide


Discharge
% (relative
115.8
111.9
107.8
99.0
91.2
87.7


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
46.2
42.6
40.0
38.0
38.7
39.7
























TABLE 4







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example




13
14
15
16
17
18
19


Item
Unit
L
M
Q
R
S
S′
T























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
63.1
60.3
62.8
49.8
62.6
50.0
35.8


HFO-1123
mass %
31.9
6.2
29.6
42.3
28.3
35.8
44.9


R1234yf
mass %
5.0
33.5
7.6
7.9
9.1
14.2
19.3


GWP

1
2
1
1
1
1
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
99.4
96.4
95.0
96.6
95.8
95.0



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
101.6
85.0
100.2
101.7
99.4
98.1
96.7


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.81
2.58
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.55
2.07


glide


Discharge
% (relative
107.8
87.9
106.0
109.6
105.0
105.0
105.0


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
40.0
40.0
40.0
44.8
40.0
44.4
50.8




















TABLE 5







Comp.
Example
Example




Ex. 10
20
21


Item
Unit
G
H
I



















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0


HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
14.0
0.0


R1234yf
mass %
0.0
14.0
28.0


GWP

1
1
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
98.2
99.9



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
95.1
86.6


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation glide
° C.
0.46
1.27
1.71


Discharge pressure
% (relative
108.4
98.7
88.6



to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
37.4
37.0
36.6

























TABLE 6







Comp.
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
22
23
24
25
26
Ex. 13
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0


R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
% (relative
91.4
92.0
92.8
93.7
94.7
95.8
96.9
98.0



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.7
105.5
105.0
104.3
103.3
102.0
100.6
99.1


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.40
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.75
0.80
0.79
0.67


glide


Discharge
% (relative
120.1
118.7
116.7
114.3
111.6
108.7
105.6
102.5


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
71.0
61.9
54.9
49.3
44.8
41.0
37.8
35.1

























TABLE 7







Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 14
27
28
29
30
31
32
Ex. 15
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


HFO-1123
mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


R1234yf
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
% (relative
91.9
92.5
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.4
97.5
98.6



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
102.9
102.4
101.5
100.5
99.2
97.8
96.2


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.87
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.18
1.18
1.09
0.88


glide


Discharge
% (relative
116.7
115.2
113.2
110.8
108.1
105.2
102.1
99.0


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
70.5
61.6
54.6
49.1
44.6
40.8
37.7
35.0

























TABLE 8







Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 16
33
34
35
36
37
38
Ex. 17
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


HFO-1123
mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0


R1234yf
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
93.1
93.9
94.8
95.9
97.0
98.1
99.2



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100.5
100.2
99.6
98.7
97.7
96.4
94.9
93.2


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.62
1.63
1.55
1.37
1.05


glide


Discharge
% (relative
113.1
111.6
109.6
107.2
104.5
101.6
98.6
95.5


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
70.0
61.2
54.4
48.9
44.4
40.7
37.5
34.8
























TABLE 9







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
39
40
41
42
43
44
45























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0


HFO-1123
mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.7
94.5
95.5
96.5
97.6
98.7



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
97.7
97.4
96.8
95.9
94.7
93.4
91.9


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.03
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.07
1.91
1.61


glide


Discharge
% (relative
109.4
107.9
105.9
103.5
100.8
98.0
95.0


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
69.6
60.9
54.1
48.7
44.2
40.5
37.4
























TABLE 10







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
46
47
48
49
50
51
52























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0


HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0


R1234yf
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
93.6
94.3
95.2
96.1
97.2
98.2
99.3



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
94.8
94.5
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.4
88.8


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.71
2.74
2.73
2.66
2.50
2.22
1.78


glide


Discharge
% (relative
105.5
104.0
102.1
99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
69.1
60.5
53.8
48.4
44.0
40.4
37.3























TABLE 11







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
53
54
55
56
57
58






















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0


HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
94.3
95.0
95.9
96.8
97.8
98.9



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
91.9
91.5
90.8
89.9
88.7
87.3


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.46
3.43
3.35
3.18
2.90
2.47


glide


Discharge
% (relative
101.6
100.1
98.2
95.9
93.3
90.6


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
68.7
60.2
53.5
48.2
43.9
40.2























TABLE 12







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.


Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
Ex. 18






















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0


HFO-1123
mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0


R1234yf
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.8
96.6
97.5
98.5
99.6



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
88.9
88.5
87.8
86.8
85.6
84.1


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
4.24
4.15
3.96
3.67
3.24
2.64


glide


Discharge
% (relative
97.6
96.1
94.2
92.0
89.5
86.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
68.2
59.8
53.2
48.0
43.7
40.1






















TABLE 13







Example
Example
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
64
65
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21





















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0


HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


R1234yf
mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.6
97.4
98.3
99.2



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.8
85.4
84.7
83.6
82.4


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
5.05
4.85
4.55
4.10
3.50


glide


Discharge
% (relative
93.5
92.1
90.3
88.1
85.6


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
67.8
59.5
53.0
47.8
43.5

























TABLE 14







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0


HFO-1123
mass %
41.0
39.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
39.0
37.0
35.0


R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
% (relative
95.1
95.3
95.6
96.0
95.1
95.4
95.6
95.8



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
102.8
102.6
102.3
101.8
101.9
101.7
101.5
101.2


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.95


glide


Discharge
% (relative
110.5
109.9
109.3
108.1
109.7
109.1
108.5
107.9


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.3
43.9
43.1
42.4
41.6

























TABLE 15







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
52.0
54.0


HFO-1123
mass %
33.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
34.0
32.0


R1234yf
mass %
7.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
14.0


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.5
96.4
96.6
96.8
96.0
96.2



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.7
99.1
98.4
98.1
97.8
98.0
97.7


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
0.95
0.95
1.18
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.53
1.53


glide


Discharge
% (relative
107.3
106.7
104.9
104.4
103.8
103.2
104.7
104.1


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.5
40.8
40.1
43.6
42.9

























TABLE 16







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0


HFO-1123
mass %
30.0
28.0
26.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0


R1234yf
mass %
14.0
14.0
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.6
96.9
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.7



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
97.5
97.2
96.9
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.3


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.67


glide


Discharge
% (relative
103.5
102.9
102.3
104.3
103.8
103.2
102.7
102.1


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
42.1
41.4
40.7
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.8
42.1

























TABLE 17







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
60.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0


HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0


R1234yf
mass %
16.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0


GWP

1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
97.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.5



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
96.1
95.8
96.8
96.6
96.4
96.2
95.9
95.7


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
1.65
1.63
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88


glide


Discharge
% (relative
101.5
100.9
104.5
103.9
103.4
102.9
102.3
101.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
41.4
40.7
47.8
46.9
46.0
45.1
44.3
43.5

























TABLE 18







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
44.0


HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
38.0
36.0


R1234yf
mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
95.1
95.3
95.7
95.9



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
95.2
94.9
94.6
96.3
96.1
95.7
95.4


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12


glide


Discharge
% (relative
101.2
100.6
100.0
99.5
104.5
104.0
103.0
102.5


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
42.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
50.7
49.7
47.7
46.8

























TABLE 19







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
34.0
36.0


HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0


R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
22.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.3
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
95.1
95.3



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
95.2
95.0
94.5
94.2
94.0
93.7
95.3
95.1


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.95
2.37
2.36


glide


Discharge
% (relative
101.9
101.4
100.3
99.7
99.2
98.6
103.4
103.0


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
45.9
45.0
43.4
42.7
41.9
41.2
51.7
50.6

























TABLE 20







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0


HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0


R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.8
93.6
93.3


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.21


glide


Discharge
% (relative
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.4
99.9
99.4
98.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
49.6
48.6
47.6
46.7
45.8
45.0
44.1
43.4

























TABLE 21







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0


HFO-1123
mass %
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0


R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.9
95.2
95.4
95.6
95.8



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
93.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.7


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58


glide


Discharge
% (relative
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.5
102.4
101.9
101.5
101.0


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
42.6
41.9
41.2
40.5
52.7
51.6
50.5
49.5

























TABLE 22







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0


HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0


R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
93.3
93.1
92.8
92.6
92.4
92.1
91.8


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.33


glide


Discharge
% (relative
100.5
100.0
99.5
98.9
98.4
97.9
97.3
96.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.7
44.9
44.1
43.3
42.5

























TABLE 23







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0


HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0


R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
95.3
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
91.6
91.3
91.0
93.2
93.1
92.9
92.7
92.5


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.28
2.22
2.16
2.86
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79


glide


Discharge
% (relative
96.2
95.6
95.1
101.3
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.4


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
41.8
41.1
40.4
53.7
52.6
51.5
50.4
49.4

























TABLE 24







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0


HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0


R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
92.1
91.9
91.6
91.4
91.2
90.9
90.6


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.53
2.48


glide


Discharge
% (relative
99.0
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.8
95.3


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
48.4
47.4
46.5
45.7
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.5

























TABLE 25







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0


HFO-1123
mass %
18.0
16.0
14.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0


R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
97.9
98.2
98.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.3



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
90.3
90.1
89.8
92.1
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.3


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.42
2.35
2.27
3.10
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.01


glide


Discharge
% (relative
94.7
94.1
93.6
99.7
99.3
98.8
98.4
97.9


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
41.7
41.0
40.3
53.6
52.5
51.4
50.3
49.3

























TABLE 26







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0


HFO-1123
mass %
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0


R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2
89.9
89.7
89.4


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.68
2.62


glide


Discharge
% (relative
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.3
93.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
48.3
47.4
46.4
45.6
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.4

























TABLE 27







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
42.0


HFO-1123
mass %
16.0
14.0
12.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
28.0


R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
96.1
96.2
96.4
96.6
97.0



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
88.8
88.5
90.7
90.5
90.3
90.1
89.7


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
2.54
2.46
2.38
3.32
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.14


glide


Discharge
% (relative
93.2
92.6
92.1
97.7
97.3
96.8
96.4
95.4


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
41.7
41.0
40.3
52.4
51.3
50.2
49.2
47.3

























TABLE 28







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0


HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0


R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
98.3
98.5
98.7



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.6


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.08
3.03
2.97
2.90
2.83
2.75
2.66
2.57


glide


Discharge
% (relative
94.9
94.4
93.9
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.7
91.1


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
46.4
45.5
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.3
41.6
40.9

























TABLE 29







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0


HFO-1123
mass %
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0


R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
89.6
89.5
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.7
88.4
88.2


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.60
3.56
3.52
3.48
3.43
3.38
3.33
3.26


glide


Discharge
% (relative
96.6
96.2
95.7
95.3
94.8
94.3
93.9
93.4


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
53.4
52.3
51.2
50.1
49.1
48.1
47.2
46.3

























TABLE 30







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0


HFO-1123
mass %
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0


R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.2



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
87.7
87.5
87.2
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.0


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.20
3.12
3.04
2.96
2.87
2.77
2.66
2.55


glide


Discharge
% (relative
92.8
92.3
91.8
91.3
90.7
90.2
89.6
89.1


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
45.4
44.6
43.8
43.0
42.3
41.5
40.8
40.2

























TABLE 31







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0


HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0


R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.84
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.51
3.43


glide


Discharge
% (relative
95.0
94.6
94.2
93.7
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.8


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
53.3
52.2
51.1
50.0
49.0
48.0
47.1
46.2

























TABLE 32







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
30.0
32.0
34.0


HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
34.0
32.0
30.0


R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
36.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
96.8
96.9
97.1



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
87.2
87.0
86.8


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.08
2.97
4.08
4.03
3.97


glide


Discharge
% (relative
91.3
90.8
90.3
89.7
89.2
93.4
93.0
92.6


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
45.3
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.2
53.2
52.1
51.0

























TABLE 33







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
30.0
32.0


HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
32.0
30.0


R1234yf
mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
38.0
38.0


GWP

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


COP ratio
% (relative
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
97.1
97.2



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.7
85.5
85.9
85.7


capacity ratio
to 410A)


Condensation
° C.
3.91
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.50
4.32
4.25


glide


Discharge
% (relative
92.1
91.7
91.2
90.7
90.3
89.8
91.9
91.4


pressure
to 410A)


RCL
g/m3
49.9
48.9
47.9
47.0
46.1
45.3
53.1
52.0





















TABLE 34









Example
Example



Item
Unit
226
227





















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.0
36.0



HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0



R1234yf
mass %
38.0
38.0



GWP

2
2



COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.6




to 410A)



Refrigerating
% (relative
85.6
85.3



capacity ratio
to 410A)



Condensation glide
° C.
4.18
4.11



Discharge pressure
% (relative
91.0
90.6




to 410A)



RCL
g/m3
50.9
49.8












    • These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:


      point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),


      point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),


      point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),


      point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);


      the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),


      the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3,


      the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),


      the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and


      the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,


      the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.

    • The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.

    • The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.

    • The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.

    • Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:


      point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),


      point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),


      point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),


      point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),


      point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),


      point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);


      the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),


      the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),


      the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2), and


      the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x2−0.2393x+36.475), and


      the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,


      the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.

    • The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.

    • The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.

    • The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

    • The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

    • In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.

    • Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

    • A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

    • Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

    • Tables 35 and 36 show the results.
















TABLE 35





Item
Unit
G
H
I




















WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0



HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
9.6
0.0



R1234yf
mass %
0.0
18.4
28.0











Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10























TABLE 36





Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K























WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3



HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4



R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3













Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/


results in WCFF
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping, −40°



C., 92%
C., 90%
C., 90%
C., 66%
C., 12%
C., 0%



release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,



liquid
liquid
gas
gas
gas
gas



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side















WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0



HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
17.8
17.4
13.6
12.3
9.8



R1234yf
mass %
0.0
10.2
10.6
14.4
15.7
18.2














Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
9
9
8 or




less
less
less


less


Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10











    • The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

    • The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:


      point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),


      point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)


      point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)


      point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and


      point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),


      the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.


      In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),


      and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91).

    • The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.

    • The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.





(5-2) Refrigerant B





    • The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

    • a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or

    • a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.

    • The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

    • When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

    • When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.

    • The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

    • Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.





(Examples of Refrigerant B)





    • The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.

    • Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

    • The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.


      Evaporating temperature: 5° C.


      Condensation temperature: 45° C.


      Superheating temperature: 5 K


      Subcooling temperature: 5 K


      Compressor efficiency: 70%

    • The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

    • Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

    • The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.








COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

    • For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
    • A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.



















TABLE 37







Comparative
Comparative











Example 1
Example 2
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
R410A
HFO-1132E
Example 3
1
2
3
4
5
Example 4

























HFO-1132E
mass %

100
80
72
70
68
65
62
60


(WCF)


HFO-1123
mass %

0
20
28
30
32
35
38
40


(WCF)


GWP

2088
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
%
100
99.7
97.5
96.6
96.3
96.1
95.8
95.4
95.2



(relative



to R410A)


Refrigerating
%
100
98.3
101.9
103.1
103.4
103.8
104.1
104.5
104.8


capacity
(relative


ratio
to R410A)


Discharge
Mpa
2.73
2.71
2.89
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06


pressure


Burning
cm/sec
Non-
20
13
10
9
9
8
8 or
8 or


velocity

flammable






less
less


(WCF)


























TABLE 38















Comparative




Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example 10


Item
Unit
Example 5
Example 6
7
8
9
Example 7
Example 8
Example 9
HFO-1123

























HFO-1132E
mass %
50
48
47.1
46.1
45.1
43
40
25
0


(WCF)


HFO-1123
mass %
50
52
52.9
53.9
54.9
57
60
75
100


(WCF)


GWP

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


COP ratio
%
94.1
93.9
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.4
93.1
91.9
90.6



(relative



to R410A)


Refriger-
%
105.9
106.1
106.2
106.3
106.4
106.6
106.9
107.9
108.0


ating
(relative


capacity
to R410A)


ratio


Discharge
Mpa
3.14
3.16
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.20
3.21
3.31
3.39


pressure
















Leakage test
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/



conditions (WCFF)
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-



ping −40°
ping −40°
ping −40°
ping −40°
ping −40°
ping −40°
ping −40°
ping −40°



C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 90%



release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,



liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid



phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase



side
side
side
side
side
side
side
side

















HFO-1132E
mass %
74
73
72
71
70
67
63
38



(WCFF)


HFO-1123
mass %
26
27
28
29
30
33
37
62


(WCFF)


Burning
cm/sec
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
5


velocity

less
less
less
less
less
less
less
less


(WCF)


Burning
cm/sec
11
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.5
8 or
8 or


velocity







less
less


(WCFF)
















ASHRAE flammability
2
2
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L


classification











    • The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.





(5-3) Refrigerant C





    • The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.





Requirements





    • Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

    • if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:


      point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),


      point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),


      point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),


      point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),


      point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and


      point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B,


      point D′, and point C);

    • if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),


      point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),


      point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),


      point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

    • if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),


      point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),


      point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),


      point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);

    • if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),


      point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),


      point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),


      point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and

    • if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:


      point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),


      point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),


      point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),


      point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.

    • The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,

    • if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:


      point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),


      point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),


      point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),


      point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and


      point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);

    • if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:


      point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),


      point K′ (0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),


      point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

    • if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:


      point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),


      point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),


      point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);

    • if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:


      point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),


      point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),


      point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),


      point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and

    • if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:


      point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),


      point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),


      point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),


      point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05) and


      point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.

    • When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

    • if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:


      point a (0.02a2−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a2+2.46a+6.6),


      point b′ (−0.008a2−1.38a+56, 0.018a2−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a2+1.91a+17.7),


      point c (−0.016a2+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a2−1.02a+22.4, 0), and


      point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)


      or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);

    • if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:


      point a (0.0244a2−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a2+2.5695a+5.944),


      point b′ (0.1161a2−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a2−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a2+2.3358a+15.451),


      point c (−0.0161a2+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a2−1.02a+22.4, 0), and


      point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or

    • if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:


      point a (0.0161a2−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a2+2.3535a+7.258),


      point b′ (−0.0435a2−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a2+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a2−1.8556a+49.6601),


      point c (−0.0161a2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a2−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and


      point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),


      or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

    • The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

    • Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.





(Examples of Refrigerant C)





    • The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.

    • Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

    • The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

    • For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

    • Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

    • Condensation temperature: 45° C.

    • Superheating temperature: 5 K

    • Subcooling temperature: 5 K

    • Compressor efficiency: 70%

    • Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.

    • The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.








COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption



















TABLE 39








Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.




Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
1


Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′

























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
68.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
72.0
72.0
47.1
61.7


HFO-1123
Mass %

0.0
58.7
67.1
75.4
28.0
0.0
52.9
5.9


R1234yf
Mass %

31.4
41.3
0.0
24.6
0.0
28.0
0.0
32.4


R32
Mass %

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0


GWP

2088 
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2



% (relative


COP ratio
to R410A)
100
100.0
95.5
92.5
93.1
96.6
99.9
93.8
99.4


Refrigerating
% (relative


capacity ratio
to R410A)
100
85.0
85.0
107.4
95.0
103.1
86.6
106.2
85.5

























TABLE 40







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.




Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
2


Item
Unit
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
55.3
0.0
18.4
0.0
60.9
60.9
40.5
47.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
47.8
74.5
83.4
32.0
0.0
52.4
7.2


R1234yf
Mass %
37.6
45.1
0.0
9.5
0.0
32.0
0.0
38.7


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
49
49
49
50
49
50


COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
96.9
92.5
92.5
95.9
99.6
94.0
99.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.5
106.0
106.5
87.7
108.9
85.5


capacity ratio
to R410A)
























TABLE 41







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.




Ex. 16
Ex. 17
Ex. 18
Ex.19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21
3


Item
Unit
A
B
C = D′
G
I
J
K′























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
48.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
55.8
37.0
41.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
42.3
88.9
33.1
0.0
51.9
6.5


R1234yf
Mass %
40.5
46.6
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
41.4


R32
Mass %
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1


GWP

77
77
76
76
77
76
77


COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
97.6
92.5
95.8
99.5
94.2
99.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.0
108.0
88.6
110.2
85.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 42







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.




Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
4


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
42.8
0.0
52.1
52.1
34.3
36.5


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
37.8
33.4
0.0
51.2
5.6


R1234yf
Mass %
42.7
47.7
0.0
33.4
0.0
43.4


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

100
100
99
100
99
100


COP ratio
% (relative
99.9
98.1
95.8
99.5
94.4
99.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
109.1
89.6
111.1
85.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 43







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.




Ex. 27
Ex. 28
Ex. 29
Ex. 30
Ex. 31
5


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
37.0
0.0
48.6
48.6
32.0
32.5


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
33.1
33.2
0.0
49.8
4.0


R1234yf
Mass %
44.8
48.7
0.0
33.2
0.0
45.3


R32
Mass %
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2


GWP

125
125
124
125
124
125


COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
98.6
95.9
99.4
94.7
99.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
110.1
90.8
111.9
85.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 44







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex.




Ex. 32
Ex. 33
Ex. 34
Ex. 35
Ex. 36
6


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
31.5
0.0
45.4
45.4
30.3
28.8


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
28.5
32.7
0.0
47.8
2.4


R1234yf
Mass %
46.6
49.6
0.0
32.7
0.0
46.9


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

150
150
149
150
149
150


COP ratio
% (relative
100.2
99.1
96.0
99.4
95.1
100.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
111.0
92.1
112.6
85.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 45







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.




Ex. 37
Ex. 38
Ex. 39
Ex. 40
Ex. 41
Ex. 42


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
24.8
0.0
41.8
41.8
29.1
24.8


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
22.9
31.5
0.0
44.2
0.0


R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
50.4
0.0
31.5
0.0
48.5


R32
Mass %
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7


GWP

182
182
181
182
181
182


COP ratio
% (relative
100.4
99.8
96.3
99.4
95.6
100.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
111.9
93.8
113.2
85.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 46







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.




Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.3
0.0
40.0
40.0
28.8
24.3


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
19.9
30.7
0.0
41.9
0.0


R1234yf
Mass %
49.4
50.8
0.0
30.7
0.0
46.4


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

200
200
198
199
198
200


COP ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.1
96.6
99.5
96.1
100.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
112.4
94.8
113.6
86.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 47







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.




Ex. 49
Ex. 50
Ex. 51
Ex. 52
Ex. 53
Ex. 54


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
12.1
0.0
35.7
35.7
29.3
22.5


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
11.7
27.6
0.0
34.0
0.0


R1234yf
Mass %
51.2
51.6
0.0
27.6
0.0
40.8


R32
Mass %
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7


GWP

250
250
248
249
248
250


COP ratio
% (relative
101.2
101.0
96.4
99.6
97.0
100.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
113.2
97.6
113.9
90.9


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 48







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.




Ex. 55
Ex. 56
Ex. 57
Ex. 58
Ex. 59
Ex. 60


Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
3.8
0.0
32.0
32.0
29.4
21.1


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
3.9
23.9
0.0
26.5
0.0


R1234yf
Mass %
52.1
52.0
0.0
23.9
0.0
34.8


R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1


GWP

300
300
298
299
298
299


COP ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.8
97.9
99.8
97.8
100.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
85.0
113.7
100.4
113.9
94.9


capacity ratio
to R410A)






















TABLE 49







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.




Ex. 61
Ex. 62
Ex. 63
Ex. 64
Ex. 65


Item
Unit
A = B
G
I
J
K′





















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
0.0
30.4
30.4
28.9
20.4


HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
21.8
0.0
23.3
0.0


R1234yf
Mass %
52.2
0.0
21.8
0.0
31.8


R32
Mass %
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8


GWP

325
323
324
323
324


COP ratio
% (relative
102.1
98.2
100.0
98.2
100.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
113.8
101.8
113.9
96.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 50







Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
Ex. 66
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
82.9
77.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49


COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
92.6
92.8
93.1
93.4
93.7
94.1
94.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
108.4
108.3
108.2
107.9
107.6
107.2
106.8
106.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 51







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
14
15
16
17
Ex. 67
18
19
20
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
72.9
67.9
62.9


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49


COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.4
96.9
93.0
93.3
93.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.8
105.2
104.5
103.9
103.1
105.7
105.5
105.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 52







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9


R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49


COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
94.2
94.6
95.0
95.5
96.0
96.4
96.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
104.9
104.5
104.1
103.6
103.0
102.4
101.7
101.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 53







Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
Ex. 68
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
17.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9


R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49


COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
93.5
93.8
94.1
94.4
94.8
95.2
95.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100.3
102.9
102.7
102.5
102.1
101.7
101.2
100.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 54







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
36
37
38
39
Ex. 69
40
41
42
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
62.9
57.9
52.9


R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49


COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
98.0
94.0
94.3
94.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100.1
99.5
98.9
98.1
97.4
100.1
99.9
99.6


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 55







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9


R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49


COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.3
95.7
96.2
96.6
97.1
97.6
98.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
99.2
98.8
98.3
97.8
97.2
96.6
95.9
95.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 56







Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
Ex. 70
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9


R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
98.6
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.9
96.3
96.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
94.4
97.1
96.9
96.7
96.3
95.9
95.4
94.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 57







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
58
59
60
61
Ex. 71
62
63
64
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.7
98.2
98.7
99.2
95.2
95.5
95.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
94.2
93.6
92.9
92.2
91.4
94.2
93.9
93.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 58







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
7.9
2.9


R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.6
97.0
97.4
97.9
98.3
98.8
99.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
93.3
92.9
92.4
91.8
91.2
90.5
89.8
89.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 59







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.1
98.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.6
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.7
88.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 60







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
2.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
99.0
99.4
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.6
98.0
98.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
87.4
86.7
88.0
87.8
87.5
87.1
86.6
86.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 61







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9


R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
98.8
99.2
99.6
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.5
84.9
84.2
84.9
84.6
84.3
83.9
83.5


capacity ratio
to R410A)




















TABLE 62







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 80
Ex. 81
Ex. 82



















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9


R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0


R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1


GWP

50
50
50


COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.5
99.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
82.9
82.3
81.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 63







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
70.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99


COP ratio
% (relative
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.0
95.4
95.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
110.2
110.0
109.7
109.3
108.9
108.4
107.9
107.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 64







Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
97
Ex. 83
98
99
100
101
102
103
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
30.5
25.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99


COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.6
94.2
94.4
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
106.6
106.0
107.5
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.1
105.6


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 65







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
104
105
106
Ex. 84
107
108
109
110
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5


R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99


COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.1
94.6
94.8
95.1
95.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.1
104.5
103.8
103.1
104.7
104.5
104.1
103.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 66







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
111
112
113
114
115
Ex. 85
116
117
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
55.5
50.5


R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99


COP ratio
% (relative
95.7
96.0
96.4
96.8
97.2
97.6
95.1
95.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.3
102.8
102.2
101.6
101.0
100.3
101.8
101.6


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 67







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.


Item
Unit
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Ex. 86
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5


R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99


COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.3
97.7
98.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
101.2
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.3
98.7
98.0
97.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 68







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5


R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99


COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.7
97.1
97.5
97.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
98.9
98.6
98.3
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.3
95.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 69







Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
133
Ex. 87
134
135
136
137
138
139
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5


R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100


COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.7
96.2
96.4
96.7
97.0
97.3
97.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
95.0
94.3
95.8
95.6
95.2
94.8
94.4
93.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 70







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5


R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100


COP ratio
% (relative
98.1
98.5
98.9
96.8
97.0
97.3
97.6
97.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
93.3
92.6
92.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
91.8
91.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 71







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100


COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.7
99.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
90.8
90.2
89.6
89.6
89.4
89.0
88.6
88.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 72







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
156
157
158
159
160
Ex. 88
Ex. 89
Ex. 90
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5


R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100


COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.3
98.1
98.4
98.7
98.9
99.3
99.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
87.6
87.1
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.5
85.0
84.5


capacity ratio
to R410A)






















TABLE 73







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95





















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5


R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0


R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5


GWP

100
100
100
100
100


COP ratio
% (relative
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.7
100.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.2
81.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 74







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
63.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149


COP ratio
% (relative
94.8
95.0
95.2
95.4
95.7
95.9
96.2
96.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
111.5
111.2
110.9
110.5
110.0
109.5
108.9
108.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 75







Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
Ex. 96
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149


COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
95.3
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.4
96.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
108.7
108.5
108.1
107.7
107.2
106.7
106.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 76







Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
176
Ex. 97
177
178
179
180
181
182
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1


R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149


COP ratio
% (relative
97.0
97.4
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.3
96.6
96.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.5
104.9
105.9
105.6
105.3
104.8
104.4
103.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 77







Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
183
184
Ex. 98
185
186
187
188
189
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1


R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149


COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.5
97.9
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.8
97.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.3
102.6
102.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
101.9
101.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 78







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
190
191
192
Ex. 99
193
194
195
196
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1


R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149


COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.3
99.7
99.1
100.0
99.7
99.4
98.9


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 79







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
197
198
199
200
Ex. 100
201
202
203
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
38.1
33.1
28.1


R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150


COP ratio
% (relative
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.5
98.9
97.1
97.3
97.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.8
96.1
97.0
96.7
96.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 80







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
33.1
28.1
23.1


R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150


COP ratio
% (relative
97.8
98.1
98.4
98.7
99.1
97.7
97.9
98.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.4
93.8
93.9
93.6
93.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 81







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
28.1
23.1
18.1
13.1


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150


COP ratio
% (relative
98.4
98.7
99.0
99.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
99.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
92.9
92.4
91.9
91.3
90.8
90.5
90.2
89.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 82







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.


Item
Unit
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
Ex. 101
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
8.1
3.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
18.1


R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150


COP ratio
% (relative
99.3
99.6
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
89.3
88.8
87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.2
84.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)




















TABLE 83







Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
Ex. 102
Ex. 103
Ex. 104



















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
13.1
8.1
3.1


R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0


R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9


GWP

150
150
150


COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
100.0
100.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
84.1
83.8
83.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 84







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.


Item
Unit
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
Ex. 105
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
55.7
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199


COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.6
96.8
97.1
97.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
112.2
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
110.2
109.6
109.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 85







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.


Item
Unit
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
Ex. 106
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7


R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199


COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
97.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
109.4
109.2
108.8
108.4
107.9
107.4
106.8
106.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 86







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.


Item
Unit
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
Ex. 107
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7


R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199


COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.9
98.2



to 410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
106.6
106.3
106.0
105.5
105.1
104.5
104.0
103.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 87







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.


Item
Unit
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
Ex. 108
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7


R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199


COP ratio
% (relative
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.7
103.4
103.0
102.6
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.5


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 88







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
30.7


R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199


COP ratio
% (relative
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.6
98.9
98.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100.7
100.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
98.7
98.2
97.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 89







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
25.7
20.7
15.7


R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200


COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.6
98.7
98.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
97.4
97.1
96.7
96.2
95.7
94.7
94.4
94.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 90







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
10.7
5.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
15.7
10.7


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200


COP ratio
% (relative
99.2
99.4
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
93.6
93.2
91.5
91.3
90.9
90.6
88.4
88.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)





















TABLE 91







Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Unit
279
280
Ex. 109
Ex. 110




















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
10.0
15.0
10.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
5.7
10.7
5.7
5.7


R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
50.0
50.0
55.0


R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3


GWP

200
200
200
200


COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.3
100.4
100.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
87.8
85.2
85.0
82.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 92







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
281
282
283
284
285
Ex. 111
286
287
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
40.9
35.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
35.9
30.9


R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1


GWP

298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299


COP ratio
% (relative
97.8
97.9
97.9
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
98.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
112.5
112.3
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
109.8
109.5


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 93







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
288
289
290
Ex. 112
291
292
293
294
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9


R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1


GWP

299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299


COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
98.5
98.6
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
109.2
108.8
108.4
108.0
107.0
106.7
106.4
106.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 94







Ex.
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
295
Ex. 113
296
297
298
299
300
301
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
10.9
5.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
20.9


R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0


R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1


GWP

299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299


COP ratio
% (relative
99.0
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.6
105.2
104.1
103.9
103.6
103.2
102.8
101.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 95







Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.


Item
Unit
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
15.0


HFO-1123
Mass %
15.9
10.9
5.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
10.9
5.9


R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0


R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1


GWP

299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299


COP ratio
% (relative
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.3
100.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
101.0
100.7
100.3
98.3
98.0
97.8
95.3
95.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)




















TABLE 96







Item
Unit
Ex. 400




















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0



HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9



R1234yf
Mass %
40.0



R32
Mass %
44.1



GWP

299



COP ratio
% (relative
100.7




to R410A)



Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative
92.3




to R410A)












    • The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3);

    • if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801);

    • if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682);

    • if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714); and

    • if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05).

    • Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

    • Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.

    • In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

    • The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

    • For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”

    • A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

    • The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.


















TABLE 97






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 6
Ex. 13
Ex. 19
Ex. 24
Ex. 29
Ex. 34























WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4



HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7



R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0



R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9














Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10





















TABLE 98






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 39
Ex. 45
Ex. 51
Ex. 57
Ex. 62






















WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4



HFO-1123
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8



R1234yf
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0



R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8













Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10






















TABLE 99






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 7
Ex. 14
Ex. 20
Ex. 25
Ex. 30
Ex. 35























WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4



HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0



R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7



R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9














Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10





















TABLE 100






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 40
Ex. 46
Ex. 52
Ex. 58
Ex. 63






















WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4



HFO-1123
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0



R1234yf
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8



R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8













Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10






















TABLE 101






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 8
Ex. 15
Ex. 21
Ex. 26
Ex. 31
Ex. 36























WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
47.1
40.5
37.0
34.3
32.0
30.3



HFO-1123
Mass %
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.2
49.8
47.8



R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0



R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9













Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/



Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°



C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%



release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,



liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side















WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
62.4
56.2
50.6
45.1
40.0



HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
31.6
33.0
33.4
32.5
30.5



R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
0.0
0.0



R32
Mass %
0.0
50.9
10.8
16.0
22.4
29.5














Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or




less
less
less
less
less
less


Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10





















TABLE 102






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 41
Ex. 47
Ex. 53
Ex. 59
Ex. 64






















WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.4
28.9



HFO-1123
Mass %
44.2
41.9
34.0
26.5
23.3



R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0



R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8












Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/



Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°



C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 92%
C., 90%
C., 86%



release,
release,
release,
release,
release,



liquid
liquid
liquid
gas
gas



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side














WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
34.6
32.2
27.7
28.3
27.5



HFO-1123
Mass %
26.5
23.9
17.5
18.2
16.7



R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0



R32
Mass %
38.9
43.9
54.8
53.5
55.8













Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8.3
9.3
9.6


Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10






















TABLE 103






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 9
Ex. 16
Ex. 22
Ex. 27
Ex. 32
Ex. 37























WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
61.7
47.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
28.8



HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
2.4



R1234yf
Mass %
32.4
38.7
41.4
43.4
45.3
46.9



R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9













Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/



Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°



C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 92%
C., 0%
C., 0%



release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,



gas
gas
gas
liquid
gas
gas



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side















WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
56.2
50.4
46.0
42.4
39.1



HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
12.6
11.4
10.1
7.4
4.4



R1234yf
Mass %
17.5
20.4
21.8
22.9
24.3
25.7



R32
Mass %
0.0
10.8
16.3
21.0
25.9
30.8














Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less


Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10





















TABLE 104






Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.


Item
Ex. 42
Ex. 48
Ex. 54
Ex. 60
Ex. 65






















WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
24.8
24.3
22.5
21.1
20.4



HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0



R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
46.4
40.8
34.8
31.8



R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8












Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/



Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°
Shipping −40°



C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%



release,
release,
release,
release,
release,



gas
gas
gas
gas
gas



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side














WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.3
34.3
31.3
29.1
28.1



HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0



R1234yf
Mass %
27.4
26.2
23.1
19.8
18.2



R32
Mass %
37.3
39.6
45.6
51.1
53.7













Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less


Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10











    • The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0);


      if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098).

    • Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.















TABLE 105







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2



















R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7


HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8


HFO-1123
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5


R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










R32
a
a
a


HFO-1132(E)
  0.026a2 − 1.7478a + 72.0
  0.02a2 − 1.6013a + 71.105
 0.0135a2 − 1.4068a + 69.727


Approximate


expression


HFO-1123
−0.026a2 + 0..7478a + 28.0
−0.02a2 + 0..6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a2 + 0.4068a + 30.273


Approximate


expression


R1234yf
0
0
0


Approximate


expression














Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7



















R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8



HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4



HFO-1123
31.5
30.7
27.6
27.6
23.9
21.8



R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0











R32
a
a



HFO-1132(E)
 0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986
 0.0061a2 − 0.9918a + 63.902



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
−0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a2 − 0.0082a + 36.098



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
0
0



Approximate



expression




















TABLE 106







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2



















R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7


HFO-1132(E)
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8


HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


R1234yf
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5










R32
a
a
a


HFO-1132(E)
 0.026a2 − 1.7478a + 72.0
 0.02a2 − 1.6013a + 71.105
 0.0135a2 − 1.4068a + 69.727


Approximate


expression


HFO-1123
0
0
0


Approximate


expression


R1234yf
−0.026a2 + 0.7478a + 28.0
−0.02a2 + 0.6013a + 28.895
−0.0135a2 + 0.4068a + 30.273


Approximate


expression














Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7



















R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8



HFO-1132(E)
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4



HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0



R1234yf
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
21.8











R32
x
x



HFO-1132(E)
 0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986
 0.0061a2 − 0.9918a + 63.902



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
0
0



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
−0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014
−0.0061a2 − 0.0082a + 36.098



Approximate



expression












    • The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:

    • When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

    • Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

    • Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.















TABLE 107







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2



















R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7


HFO-1132(E)
47.1
40.5
37
37.0
34.3
32.0
32.0
30.3
29.1


HFO-1123
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.9
51.2
49.8
49.8
47.8
44.2


R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










R32
a
a
a


HFO-1132(E)
 0.0049a2 − 0.9645a + 47.1
 0.0243a2 − 1.4161a + 49.725
 0.0246a2 − 1.4476a + 50.184


Approximate


expression


HFO-1123
−0.0049a2 − 0.0355a + 52.9
−0.0243a2 + 0.4161a + 50.275
−0.0246a2 + 0.4476a + 49.816


Approximate


expression


R1234yf
0
0
0


Approximate


expression














Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7



















R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8



HFO-1132(E)
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.3
29.4
28.9



HFO-1123
44.2
41.9
34.0
34.0
26.5
23.3



R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0











R32
a
a



HFO-1132(E)
 0.0183a2 − 1.1399a + 46.493
−0.0134a2 + 1.0956a + 7.13



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
−0.0183a2 + 0.1399a + 53.507
 0.0134a2 − 2.0956a + 92.87



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
0
0



Approximate



expression




















TABLE 108







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2



















R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7


HFO-1132(E)
61.7
47.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
32.5
28.8
24.8


HFO-1123
5.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0
4.0
2.4
0


R1234yf
32.4
38.7
41.4
41.4
43.4
45.3
45.3
46.9
48.5










R32
x
x
x


HFO-1132(E)
 0.0514a2 − 2.4353a + 61.7
 0.0341a2 − 2.1977a + 61.187
 0.0196a2 − 1.7863a + 58.515


Approximate


expression


HFO-1123
−0.0323a2 + 0.4122a + 5.9 
−0.0236a2 + 0.34a + 5.636 
−0.0079a2 − 0.1136a + 8.702 


Approximate


expression


R1234yf
−0.0191a2 + 1.0231a + 32.4
−0.0105a2 + 0.8577a + 33.177
−0.0117a2 + 0.8999a + 32.783


Approximate


expression














Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7



















R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8



HFO-1132(E)
24.8
24.3
22.5
22.5
21.1
20.4



HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0



R1234yf
48.5
46.4
40.8
40.8
34.8
31.8











R32
x
x



HFO-1132(E)
−0.0051a2 + 0.0929a + 25.95
−1.892a + 29.443



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
0
0



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
 0.0051a2 − 1.0929a + 74.05
 0.892a + 70.557



Approximate



expression













    • FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.

    • Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.

    • Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).















TABLE 109







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2



















R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7


HFO-1132(E)
68.6
55.3
48.4
48.4
42.8
37
37
31.5
24.8


HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


R1234yf
31.4
37.6
40.5
40.5
42.7
44.8
44.8
46.6
48.5










R32
a
a
a


HFO-1132(E)
 0.0134a2 − 1.9681a + 68.6
 0.0112a2 − 1.9337a + 68.484
 0.0107a2 − 1.9142a + 68.305


Approximate


expression


HFO-1123
0
0
0


Approximate


expression


R1234yf
−0.0134a2 + 0.9681a + 31.4
−0.0112a2 + 0.9337a + 31.516
−0.0107a2 + 0.9142a + 31.695


Approximate


expression














Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7



















R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8



HFO-1132(E)
24.8
21.3
12.1
12.1
3.8
0



HFO-1123
0
0
0
0
0
0



R1234yf
48.5
49.4
51.2
51.2
52.1
52.2











R32
a
a



HFO-1132(E)
 0.0103a2 − 1.9225a + 68.793
 0.0085a2 − 1.8102a + 67.1



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
0
0



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
−0.0103a2 + 0.9225a + 31..207
−0.0085a2 + 0.8102a + 32.9



Approximate



expression












    • Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

    • Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).















TABLE 110







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2



















R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7


HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0


HFO-1123
58.7
47.8
42.3
42.3
37.8
33.1
33.1
28.5
22.9


R1234yf
41.3
45.1
46.6
46.6
47.7
48.7
48.7
49.6
50.4










R32
a
a
a


HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0


Approximate


expression


HFO-1123
 0.0144a2 − 1.6377a + 58.7
 0.0075a2 − 1.5156a + 58.199
 0.009a2 − 1.6045a + 59.318


Approximate


expression


R1234yf
−0.0144a2 + 0.6377a + 41.3
−0.0075a2 + 0.5156a + 41.801
−0.009a2 + 0.6045a + 40.682


Approximate


expression














Item
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7



















R32
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8



HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
0
0
0



HFO-1123
22.9
19.9
11.7
11.8
3.9
0



R1234yf
50.4
50.8
51.6
51.5
52.0
52.2











R32
a
a



HFO-1132(E)
0
0



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
 0.0046a2 − 1.41a + 57.286
 0.0012a2 − 1.1659a + 52.95



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
−0.0046a2 + 0.41a + 42.714
−0.0012a2 + 0.1659a + 47.05



Approximate



expression












    • Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

    • Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).















TABLE 111







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0





















R32
0
7.1
11.1



HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0



HFO-1123
75.4
83.4
88.9



R1234yf
24.6
9.5
0










R32
a



HFO-1132(E)
0



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
 0.0224a2 + 0.968a + 75.4



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
−0.0224a2 − 1.968a + 24.6



Approximate



expression












    • Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

    • Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).















TABLE 112







Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0





















R32
0
7.1
11.1



HFO-1132(E)
32.9
18.4
0



HFO-1123
67.1
74.5
88.9



R1234yf
0
0
0










R32
a



HFO-1132(E)
−0.2304a2 − 0.4062a + 32.9



Approximate



expression



HFO-1123
 0.2304a2 − 0.5938a + 67.1



Approximate



expression



R1234yf
0



Approximate



expression










(5-4) Refrigerant D





    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:


      point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and


      point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);

    • the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);

    • the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and

    • the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:


      point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),


      point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),


      point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and


      point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

    • the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);

    • the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);

    • the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and

    • the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:


      point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and


      point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);

    • the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and

    • the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:


      point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),


      point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),


      point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),


      point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and


      point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);

    • the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);

    • the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);

    • the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and

    • the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:


      point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),


      point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and


      point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);

    • the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and

    • the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:


      point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),


      point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),


      point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and


      point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y2−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y2+1.2288y+28.904);

    • the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y2+0.7y+28); and

    • the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:


      point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),


      point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),


      point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and


      point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y2−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y2+1.2288y+28.904);

    • the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y2+0.7y+28); and

    • the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:


      point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),


      point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and


      point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y2+1.4583y+6.604); and

    • the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:


      point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),


      point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and


      point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y2+1.4583y+6.604); and

    • the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

    • The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.

    • Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.





(Examples of Refrigerant D)





    • The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.

    • The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

    • A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.




















TABLE 113







Comparative

Example

Example

Example




Example 13
Example
12
Example
14
Example
16


Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L
























WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
72
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32
28.9



R32
Mass %
0
10
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7



R1234yf
Mass %
28
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4















Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10























TABLE 114







Comparative

Example

Example





Example 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example


Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22























WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.6



R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6



R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.8













Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,



Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°



C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%



release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on



the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side















WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6
34.9



R32
Mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7
38.1



R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7
27.0














Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less


Burning Velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10




















TABLE 115







Example 23

Example 25


Item
Unit
O
Example 24
P




















WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5



HFO-1123
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7



R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8










Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,



Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°



C., 0%
C., 0%
C., 0%



release, on
release, on
release, on



the gas
the gas
the gas



phase side
phase side
phase side












WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
31.4
29.2
27.1



HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
51.1
56.4



R1234yf
Mass %
23.0
19.7
16.5











Burning Velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less


Burning Velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10  
10  
10  











    • The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

    • The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.

    • Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

    • Condensation temperature: 45° C.

    • Degree of superheating: 5 K

    • Degree of subcooling: 5 K

    • Compressor efficiency: 70%

    • Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.




















TABLE 116








Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7


Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0


R32
Mass %

18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.5


R1234yf
Mass %

0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
48.5


GWP

2088 
125
125
250
250
350
350


COP Ratio
% (relative
100
98.7
103.6
98.7
102.3
99.2
102.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.3


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)
























TABLE 117







Comparative

Comparative

Example

Example




Example 8
Comparative
Example 10
Example
2
Example
4


Item
Unit
C
Example 9
C′
1
R
3
T























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
85.5
66.1
52.1
37.8
25.5
16.6
8.6


R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.6


R1234yf
Mass %
14.5
23.9
29.7
34.6
37.7
39.2
39.8


GWP

1
69
125
188
250
300
350


COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.3
99.3
99.6
100.2
100.8
101.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 118







Comparative

Example

Example
Comparative

Example




Example 11
Example
6
Example
8
Example 12
Example
10


Item
Unit
E
5
N
7
U
G
9
V
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
58.3
40.5
27.7
14.9
3.9
39.6
22.8
11.0


R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.1


R1234yf
Mass %
41.7
49.5
54.1
57.5
59.4
60.4
67.2
70.9


GWP

2
70
125
189
250
3
70
125


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.3
100.7
101.2
101.9
101.4
101.8
102.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
70.0


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 119







Comparative

Example

Example

Example
Example




Example 13
Example
12
Example
14
Example
16
17


Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L
Q
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
44.6


R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
23.0


R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
32.4


GWP

2
69
125
188
250
300
350
157


COP Ratio
% (relative
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5
103.3
92.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 120







Comparative

Example

Example





Example 14
Example
19
Example
21
Example


Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22






















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5


R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6


R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.9


GWP

2
36
70
100
125
188


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)





















TABLE 121







Example

Example
Example




23
Example
25
26


Item
Unit
O
24
P
S




















HFO-
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
21.9


1132(E)


R32
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
39.7


R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
38.4


GWP

250
300
350
270


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.4
100.5
100.6
100.4



to R410A)


Refriger-
% (relative
91.0
95.0
99.1
92.5


ating
to R410A)


Capacity


Ratio

























TABLE 122







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
27
28
Example 19
Example 20
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


R32
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


R1234yf
Mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0


GWP

37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35


COP Ratio
% (relative
103.4
102.6
101.6
100.8
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
56.4
63.3
69.5
75.2
80.5
85.4
90.1
94.4


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 123







Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 21
Example 22
29
Example 23
30
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


R32
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


R1234yf
Mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


GWP

71
71
70
70
70
69
69
69


COP Ratio
% (relative
103.1
102.1
101.1
100.4
99.8
99.5
99.2
99.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
61.8
68.3
74.3
79.7
84.9
89.7
94.2
98.4


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 124







Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 27
31
Example 28
32
33
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R1234yf
Mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0


GWP

104
104
104
103
103
103
103
102


COP Ratio
% (relative
102.7
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.0
98.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
66.6
72.9
78.6
84.0
89.0
93.7
98.1
102.2


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 125







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0


R1234yf
Mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
65.0


GWP

138
138
137
137
137
136
136
171


COP Ratio
% (relative
102.3
101.2
100.4
99.7
99.3
99.0
98.8
101.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
71.0
77.1
82.7
88.0
92.9
97.5
101.7
75.0


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 126







Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example


Item
Unit
34
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
35
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
20.0


R32
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0


R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
50.0


GWP

171
171
171
170
170
170
205
205


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.1
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.7
101.6
100.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
81.0
86.6
91.7
96.5
101.0
105.2
78.9
84.8


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 127







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
36
37
38
Example 50
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0


R32
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0


GWP

204
204
204
204
239
238
238
238


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.0
99.5
99.1
98.8
101.4
100.6
99.9
99.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
90.2
95.3
100.0
104.4
82.5
88.3
93.7
98.6


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 128







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
39
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0


R32
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0


R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
45.0


GWP

237
237
272
272
272
271
271
306


COP Ratio
% (relative
99.0
98.8
101.3
100.6
99.9
99.4
99.0
101.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
107.5
86.0
91.7
96.9
101.8
106.3
89.3


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 129







Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
40
41
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
42
Example 61
Example 62
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0


R32
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


GWP

305
305
305
304
339
339
339
338


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.0
99.5
99.1
101.3
100.6
100.0
99.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
100.0
104.7
109.2
92.4
97.8
102.9
107.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 130







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
43
44
45
46
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
56.0
59.0
62.0
65.0


R32
Mass %
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0


GWP

373
372
372
372
22
22
22
22


COP Ratio
% (relative
101.4
100.7
100.1
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
95.3
100.6
105.6
110.2
81.7
83.2
84.6
86.0


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 131







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
49.0
52.0
55.0
58.0
61.0
43.0
46.0
49.0


R32
Mass %
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0


R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
42.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
48.0
45.0
42.0


GWP

43
43
43
43
42
63
63
63


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.2
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
100.3
100.1
99.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
80.9
82.4
83.9
85.4
86.8
80.4
82.0
83.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 132







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.0
55.0
58.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
50.0


R32
Mass %
9.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0


R1234yf
Mass %
39.0
36.0
33.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0


GWP

63
63
63
83
83
83
83
83


COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.7
99.6
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.0
86.5
87.9
80.4
82.0
83.5
85.1
86.6


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 133







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
53.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0


R32
Mass %
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
34.0


GWP

83
104
104
103
103
103
103
103


COP Ratio
% (relative
99.6
100.5
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.6
99.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
80.3
81.9
83.5
85.0
86.5
88.0
89.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 134







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
36.0


R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
3.0


R1234yf
Mass %
53.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
61.0


GWP

124
124
124
124
124
123
123
23


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.5
101.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
80.6
82.2
83.8
85.4
86.9
88.4
89.9
71.0


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 135







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
39.0
42.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
26.0
29.0
32.0


R32
Mass %
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0


R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
55.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
65.0
62.0
59.0


GWP

23
23
43
43
43
64
64
63


COP Ratio
% (relative
101.1
100.9
101.5
101.3
101.0
101.6
101.3
101.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
72.7
74.4
70.5
72.2
73.9
71.0
72.8
74.5


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 136







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
16.0
19.0
22.0
25.0


R32
Mass %
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


R1234yf
Mass %
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
69.0
66.0
63.0
60.0


GWP

84
84
84
84
104
104
104
104


COP Ratio
% (relative
101.8
101.5
101.2
101.0
102.1
101.8
101.4
101.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
70.8
72.6
74.3
76.0
70.4
72.3
74.0
75.8


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 137







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
28.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
25.0


R32
Mass %
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
21.0


R1234yf
Mass %
57.0
70.0
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
55.0
54.0


GWP

104
124
124
124
124
124
124
144


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
102.2
101.9
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.7
100.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
77.5
70.5
72.4
74.2
76.0
77.7
79.4
80.7


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 138







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
17.0
20.0
23.0
13.0
16.0
19.0


R32
Mass %
24.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
30.0
30.0
30.0


R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
50.0
57.0
54.0
51.0


GWP

164
164
185
185
184
205
205
205


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.9
100.6
101.1
100.8
100.6
101.3
101.0
100.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
80.8
82.5
80.8
82.5
84.2
80.7
82.5
84.2


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 139







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
8.0
12.0


R32
Mass %
30.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
36.0
36.0


R1234yf
Mass %
48.0
58.0
55.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
56.0
52.0


GWP

205
225
225
225
225
225
245
245


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
101.6
101.3
101.0
100.8
100.5
101.6
101.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
85.9
80.5
82.3
84.1
85.8
87.5
82.0
84.4


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 140







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
18.0
21.0
42.0
39.0
34.0
37.0
30.0


R32
Mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
31.0
34.0


R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
43.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
32.0
36.0


GWP

245
245
245
170
191
211
211
231


COP Ratio
% (relative
101.0
100.7
100.5
99.5
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
86.2
87.9
89.6
92.7
93.4
93.0
94.5
93.0


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 141







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
33.0
36.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
23.0
26.0


R32
Mass %
34.0
34.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
40.0
40.0


R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
30.0
37.0
34.0


GWP

231
231
252
251
251
251
272
272


COP Ratio
% (relative
99.8
99.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
100.4
100.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
94.5
96.0
91.9
93.4
95.0
96.5
93.3
94.9


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 142







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
19.0
22.0
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0


R32
Mass %
40.0
40.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.0
46.0


R1234yf
Mass %
31.0
28.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0
26.0
36.0


GWP

272
271
292
292
292
292
292
312


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.4
100.2
100.1
99.9
100.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
96.4
97.9
93.1
94.7
96.2
97.8
99.3
94.4


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 143







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
























HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.0


R32
Mass %
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0


R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0


GWP

312
312
312
312
332
332
332
332


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.5
100.4
100.2
100.0
101.1
100.9
100.7
100.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
96.0
97.0
98.6
100.1
93.5
95.1
96.7
98.3


Capacity Ratio
to R410A)



















TABLE 144







Example
Example


Item
Unit
151
152


















HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0


R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0


R1234yf
Mass %
26.0
23.0


GWP

332
332


COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative
99.8
101.3


Ratio
to R410A)











    • The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:


      point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),


      point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and


      point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

    • the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0),

    • the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7), and

    • the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

    • The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:


      point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),


      point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),


      point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and


      point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),

    • the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4),

    • the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02),

    • the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4), and

    • the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:


      point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),


      point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and


      point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),


      or on these line segments,

    • the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488),

    • the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365), and

    • the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:


      point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),


      point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),


      point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),


      point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and


      point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),


      or on these line segments,

    • the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235),

    • the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874),

    • the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512),

    • the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324), and

    • the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

    • The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:


      point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),


      point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and


      point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),


      or on these line segments,

    • the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9),

    • the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874), and

    • the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.





(5-5) Refrigerant E





    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:


      point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),


      point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),


      point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);

    • the line segment IK is represented by coordinates


      (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),

    • the line segment HR is represented by coordinates


      (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),

    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

    • the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:


      point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

    • the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates


      (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),

    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

    • the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:


      point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),


      point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),


      point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);

    • the line segment MP is represented by coordinates


      (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),

    • the line segment HR is represented by coordinates


      (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),

    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

    • the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:


      point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),


      point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and


      point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

    • the line segment MN is represented by coordinates


      (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),

    • the line segment RG is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z),

    • the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:


      point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),


      point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and


      point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),


      or on these line segments;

    • the line segment ST is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),

    • the line segment TP is represented by coordinates


      (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and

    • the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:


      point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),


      point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),


      point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and


      point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),


      or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);

    • the line segment DU is represented by coordinates


      (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),

    • the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates


      (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

    • the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),


      point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),


      point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and


      point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),


      or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);

    • the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0297z2−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z2+1.1915z+43.3, z),

    • the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0535z2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z2+0.6771z+46.043, z), and

    • the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),


      point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),


      point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and


      point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),


      or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);

    • the line segment cde is represented by coordinates


      (−0.017z2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

    • the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),


      point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and


      point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),


      or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);

    • the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0297z2−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z2+1.1915z+43.3, z), and

    • the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein

    • when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),


      point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and


      point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),


      or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);

    • the line segment cd is represented by coordinates


      (−0.017z2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

    • the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

    • The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.

    • Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.





(Examples of Refrigerant E)





    • The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.

    • Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.

    • The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

    • For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.

    • A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.

    • Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

















TABLE 145





Item
Unit
I
J
K
L





















WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
35.5



HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
27.5



R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0












Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10























TABLE 146





Item
Unit
M
N
T
P
U
Q























WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
38.5
34.8
31.8
28.7
28.6



HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
51.0
49.8
41.2
34.4



R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
30.1
37.0













Leak condition that results in WCFF
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,



Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°
Shipping, −40°



C., 92%,
C., 92%,
C., 92%,
C., 92%,
C., 92%,
C., 92%,



release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on
release, on



the liquid
the liquid
the liquid
the liquid
the liquid
the liquid



phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side















WCFF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
58.9
51.5
44.6
31.4
27.1



HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.4
33.1
32.6
23.2
18.3



R32
mass %
0.0
8.7
15.4
22.8
45.4
54.6














Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less


Burning velocity (WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10











    • The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:


      point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),


      point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and


      point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);


      the line segment IK is represented by coordinates


      (0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and


      the line segment KL is represented by coordinates


      (0.0098z2−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z2+0.238z+32.148, z),


      it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.

    • For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z2+0.2114z+32.443, z).

    • Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

    • The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:


      point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),


      point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and


      point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),


      it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.

    • In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates


      (0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z).

    • For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

    • The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in International Publication No. 2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

    • The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.


      Evaporating temperature: 5° C.


      Condensation temperature: 45° C.


      Degree of superheating: 5K


      Degree of subcooling: 5K


      Compressor efficiency: 70%

    • Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.




















TABLE 147








Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative




Comparative
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7


Item
Unit
Example 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0
0.0


HFO-1123
mass %

0.0
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0


R32
mass %

9.5
9.5
18.4
18.4
37.0
37.0


GWP

2088 
65
65
125
125
250
250


COP ratio
% (relative
100
99.1
92.0
98.7
93.4
98.7
96.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
100
102.2
111.6
105.3
113.7
110.0
115.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)























TABLE 148







Comparative
Comparative

Example

Comparative




Example 8
Example 9
Comparative
1
Example
Example 11


Item
Unit
O
C
Example 10
U
2
D






















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
100.0
50.0
41.1
28.7
15.2
0.0


HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
31.6
34.6
41.2
52.7
67.0


R32
mass %
0.0
18.4
24.3
30.1
32.1
33.0


GWP

1
125
165
204
217
228


COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
98.3
109.9
111.7
113.5
114.8
115.4


capacity ratio
to R410A)






















TABLE 149







Comparative

Example
Example
Comparative




Example 12
Comparative
3
4
Example 14


Item
Unit
E
Example 13
T
S
F





















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
53.4
43.4
34.8
25.4
0.0


HFO-1123
mass %
46.6
47.1
51.0
56.2
74.1


R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
25.9


GWP

1
65
97
125
176


COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.6
109.2
110.8
112.3
114.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)






















TABLE 150







Comparative



Comparative




Example 15

Example 6

Example 16


Item
Unit
G
Example 5
R
Example 7
H





















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.5
31.5
23.1
16.9
0.0


HFO-1123
mass %
61.5
63.5
67.4
71.1
84.2


R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
9.5
12.0
15.8


GWP

1
35
65
82
107


COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
107.0
109.1
110.9
111.9
113.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)






















TABLE 151







Comparative
Example
Example

Comparative




Example 17
8
9
Comparative
Example 19


Item
Unit
I
J
K
Example 18
L





















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
41.1
35.5


HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.5


R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
27.7
37.0


GWP

1
65
125
188
250


COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
95.8
95.9
96.4
97.1



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
107.4
110.1
112.1
113.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)





















TABLE 152







Comparative
Example
Example
Example




Example 20
10
11
12


Item
Unit
M
N
P
Q




















HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
38.5
31.8
28.6


HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
49.8
34.4


R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0


GWP

1
65
125
250


COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
94.1
94.7
96.9



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
109.7
112.0
114.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 153







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 22
Example 23
Example 24
14
15
16
Example 25
Example 26
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0


HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0


R32
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0


GWP

35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35


COP ratio
% (relative
91.7
92.2
92.9
93.7
94.6
95.6
96.7
97.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
110.1
109.8
109.2
108.4
107.4
106.1
104.7
103.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 154







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 28
Example 29
17
18
19
Example 30
Example 31
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
90.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0


HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0


R32
mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0


GWP

35
68
68
68
68
68
68
68


COP ratio
% (relative
98.8
92.4
92.9
93.5
94.3
95.1
96.1
97.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
101.4
111.7
111.3
110.6
109.6
108.5
107.2
105.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 155







Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 32
20
21
22
23
24
Example 33
Example 34
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0


HFO-1123
mass %
10.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0


R32
mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0


GWP

68
102
102
102
102
102
102
102


COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
93.1
93.6
94.2
94.9
95.6
96.5
97.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
104.1
112.9
112.4
111.6
110.6
109.4
108.1
106.6


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 156







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0


HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


R32
mass %
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0


GWP

102
136
136
136
136
136
136
136


COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
93.9
94.3
94.8
95.4
96.2
97.0
97.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
105.0
113.8
113.2
112.4
111.4
110.2
108.8
107.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 157







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0


HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0


R32
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0


GWP

170
170
170
170
170
170
170
203


COP ratio
% (relative
94.6
94.9
95.4
96.0
96.7
97.4
98.2
95.3



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
114.4
113.8
113.0
111.9
110.7
109.4
107.9
114.8


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 158







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 55
25
26
Example 56
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0


HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0


R32
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0


GWP

203
203
203
203
203
237
237
237


COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
96.0
96.6
97.2
97.9
96.0
96.3
96.6



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
114.2
113.4
112.4
111.2
109.8
115.1
114.5
113.6


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 159







Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative


Item
Unit
Example 57
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62
Example 63
Example 64
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0


HFO-1123
mass %
25.0
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0


R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0


GWP

237
237
237
271
271
271
271
271


COP ratio
% (relative
97.1
97.7
98.3
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
112.6
111.5
110.2
115.1
114.6
113.8
112.8
111.7


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 160







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0


HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0


R32
mass %
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0


GWP

14
14
14
14
28
28
28
28


COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
107.5
107.3
107.2
108.6
108.4
108.2
108.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 161







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
43.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0
27.0


HFO-1123
mass %
53.0
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
65.0


R32
mass %
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0


GWP

28
41
41
41
41
41
41
55


COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
93.1
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.9
93.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
107.8
109.5
109.3
109.1
109.0
108.8
108.6
110.3


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 162







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
32.0
32.0


HFO-1123
mass %
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
51.0
50.0


R32
mass %
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
17.0
18.0


GWP

55
55
55
55
55
55
116
122


COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.6
93.8
94.0
94.5
94.7



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
110.1
110.0
109.8
109.6
109.5
109.3
111.8
111.9


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 163







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
27.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0
13.0


HFO-1123
mass %
52.0
42.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
54.0
52.0


R32
mass %
18.0
31.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
35.0


GWP

122
210
223
223
223
223
237
237


COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.2
96.3
96.0
96.0



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
112.1
113.7
114.3
114.2
114.0
113.8
115.0
114.9


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 164







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0


HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
52.0


R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
37.0


GWP

237
237
237
237
237
237
237
250


COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.5
96.2



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2
114.1
113.9
115.1


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 165







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
13.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0


HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0


R32
mass %
37.0
37.0
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0


GWP

250
250
250
237
237
237
237
237


COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
115.0
114.9
114.7
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2


capacity ratio
to R410A)

























TABLE 166







Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example


Item
Unit
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
























HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
27.0
11.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0


HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
52.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0


R32
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0


GWP

237
237
250
250
250
250
250
250


COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.5
96.2
96.5
96.5
96.6
96.7
96.8



to R410A)


Refrigerating
% (relative
114.1
113.9
115.1
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.1
114.0


capacity ratio
to R410A)











    • The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),


      point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and


      point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),


      or on these line segments,


      the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.

    • The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),


      point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and


      point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),


      or on these line segments,


      the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.

    • The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:


      point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),


      point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),


      point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and


      point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),


      or on these line segments,


      the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.

    • The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:


      point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),


      point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and


      point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),


      or on these line segments,


      the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z2+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z2−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates


      (−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z).

    • The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.

    • The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.

    • The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:


      point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),


      point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and


      point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),


      or on these line segments,


      the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z2−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z2−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates


      (−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z).

    • The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.

    • The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.

    • The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:


      point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),


      point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and


      point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),


      or on these line segments,


      the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.

    • In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates


      (−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z).

    • The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.

    • The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.

    • In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.





(6) First Embodiment

In a first embodiment, an air conditioning apparatus 10 that is an example of a refrigeration cycle apparatus is described. The refrigeration cycle apparatus represents any of all apparatuses that are operated with refrigeration cycles. The refrigeration cycle apparatuses include an air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a heat pump warm-water supply apparatus, a refrigerator, a refrigeration apparatus for freezing, a cooling apparatus for manufacturing process, and so forth.


The air conditioning apparatus 10 is a separate air conditioning apparatus including an outdoor unit (not illustrated) and an indoor unit (not illustrated) and configured to switch the operation between cooling operation and heating operation.


As illustrated in FIG. 16, the air conditioning apparatus 10 includes a refrigerant circuit 20 that performs a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit 20 includes an outdoor circuit 20a installed in the outdoor unit, and an indoor circuit 20b installed in the indoor unit. In the outdoor circuit 20a, a compressor 21, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, a four-way valve 22, a bridge circuit 31, and a gas-liquid separator 25 are connected. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 constitutes a heat-source-side heat exchanger. In contrast, in the indoor circuit 20b, an indoor heat exchanger 27 and an indoor expansion valve 26 are connected. The indoor heat exchanger 27 constitutes a use-side heat exchanger. A discharge pipe 45 of the compressor 21 is connected to a first port P1 of the four-way valve 22. A suction pipe 46 of the compressor 21 is connected to a second port P2 of the four-way valve 22.


An inflow pipe 36, an outflow pipe 37, and an injection pipe 38 are connected to the gas-liquid separator 25. The inflow pipe 36 is open at an upper portion of the inner space of the gas-liquid separator 25. The outflow pipe 37 is open at a lower portion of the inner space of the gas-liquid separator 25. The injection pipe 38 is open at an upper portion of the inner space of the gas-liquid separator 25. In the gas-liquid separator 25, the refrigerant which has flowed in from the inflow pipe 36 is separated into a saturated liquid and a saturated gas, the saturated liquid flows out from the outflow pipe 37, and the saturated gas flows out from the injection pipe 38. The inflow pipe 36 and the outflow pipe 37 are connected to the bridge circuit 31. The injection pipe 38 is connected to an intermediate connection pipe 47 of the compressor 21.


The refrigerant in the saturated gas state which has flowed out from the injection pipe 38 is injected into a compression chamber with an intermediate pressure of a compression mechanism 32 via an intermediate port. In this embodiment, the inflow pipe 36, the outflow pipe 37, the injection pipe 38, and the gas-liquid separator 25 supply the refrigerant in the saturated liquid state, which is included in the refrigerant which has flowed out from the outdoor heat exchanger 23 during cooling operation and which has been decompressed to have the intermediate pressure in the refrigeration cycle, to the indoor heat exchanger 27, to constitute an injection circuit 15 for supplying the refrigerant in the saturated gas state to the compressor 21.


The bridge circuit 31 is a circuit in which a first check valve CV1, a second check valve CV2, a third check valve CV3, and a fourth check valve CV4 are connected in a bridge form. In the bridge circuit 31, a connection end located on the inflow side of the first check valve CV1 and on the inflow side of the second check valve CV2 is connected to the outflow pipe 37. A connection end located on the outflow side of the second check valve CV2 and on the inflow side of the third check valve CV3 is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 27. The refrigerant pipe that connects the connection end to the indoor heat exchanger 27 is provided with the indoor expansion valve 26 of which the opening degree is changeable. A connection end located on the outflow side of the third check valve CV3 and on the outflow side of the fourth check valve CV4 is connected to the inflow pipe 36. A connection end located on the outflow side of the first check valve CV1 and on the inflow side of the fourth check valve CV4 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 23.


During cooling operation, the four-way valve 22 is set in a state (a state indicated by solid lines in FIG. 16) in which the first port P1 and the third port P3 communicate with each other, and the second port P2 and the fourth port P4 communicate with each other. When the compressor 21 is operated in this state, a cooling operation is performed such that the outdoor heat exchanger 23 operates as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger 27 operates as an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit 20.


During heating operation, the four-way valve 22 is set in a state (a state indicated by broken lines in FIG. 16) in which the first port P1 and the fourth port P4 communicate with each other, and the second port P2 and the third port P3 communicate with each other. When the compressor 21 is operated in this state, a heating operation is performed such that the outdoor heat exchanger 23 operates as an evaporator and the indoor heat exchanger 27 operates as a condenser in the refrigerant circuit 20.


The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is constituted of a microchannel heat exchanger (also referred to as micro heat exchanger) having formed therein a microchannel 13 that serves as a flow path of a refrigerant. The microchannel 13 is a fine flow path (a flow path having a very small flow path area) fabricated by using, for example, micro-fabricating technology. In general, a heat exchanger having the microchannel 13 that is a flow path having a diameter of several millimeters or less which exhibits an effect of surface tension is called microchannel heat exchanger.


Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes a plurality of flat tubes 16 and a pair of headers 17 and 18. The pair of headers 17 and 18 are constituted of tubular hermetically sealed containers. As illustrated in FIG. 18, each flat tube 16 has formed therein a plurality of microchannels 13. The plurality of microchannels 13 are formed at a predetermined pitch in the width direction of the flat tube 16. Each flat tube 16 is fixed to the pair of headers 17 and 18 such that one end of each microchannel 13 is open in the one header 17, and the other end of the microchannel 13 is open in the other header 18. Moreover, a wave-shaped metal plate 19 is provided between the flat tubes 16.


An outdoor fan 28 is provided near the outdoor heat exchanger 23. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the outdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 28 flows through gaps formed by the flat tubes 16 and the metal plates 19. The outdoor air flows in the width direction of the flat tubes 16.


In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the one header 17 is connected to the third port P3 of the four-way valve 22, and the other header 18 is connected to the bridge circuit 31. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant which has flowed into one of the headers 17 and 18 is distributed to the plurality of microchannels 13, and the refrigerant which has passed through each of the microchannels 13 is joined in the other one of the headers 17 and 18. Each microchannel 13 serves as a refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant flows. In the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the refrigerant flowing through each microchannel 13 exchanges heat with the outdoor air.


The indoor heat exchanger 27 is constituted of a microchannel heat exchanger. The indoor heat exchanger 27 has the same structure as the outdoor heat exchanger 23, and hence the description on the structure of the indoor heat exchanger 27 is omitted. An indoor fan 29 is provided near the indoor heat exchanger 27. In the indoor heat exchanger 27, the refrigerant flowing through each microchannel 13 exchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 29. In the indoor heat exchanger 27, the one header 17 is connected to the fourth port P4 of the four-way valve 22, and the other header 18 is connected to the bridge circuit 31.


In the present embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27 are constituted of microchannel heat exchangers. The capacity of the inside of the microchannel heat exchanger is smaller than that of a heat exchanger of another structure type having equivalent performance (for example, cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger). Hence, the total capacity of the inside of the refrigerant circuit 20 can be decreased compared with a refrigeration cycle apparatus using a heat exchanger of another structure type.


Regarding resistance to pressure and resistance to corrosion, “0.9 mm≤flat-tube thickness (a vertical height h16 of the flat tube 16 illustrated in FIG. 18) ≤4.0 mm” is preferably established; and regarding heat exchange capacity, “8.0 mm≤flat-tube thickness (a horizontal width W16 of the flat tube 16 illustrated in FIG. 18)≤25.0 mm” is preferably established.


In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 20 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.


(7) Second Embodiment

As illustrated in FIG. 19, an outdoor heat exchanger 125 includes a heat exchange section 195 and header collection pipes 191 and 192. The heat exchange section 195 includes a plurality of flat perforated tubes 193 and a plurality of insertion fins 194. The flat perforated tubes 193 are an example of a flat tube. The outdoor heat exchanger 125 is included in a refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration cycle apparatus. The refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. In heating operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 125 functions as an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. In cooling operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 125 functions as a condenser in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.



FIG. 20 is a partly enlarged view of the heat exchange section 195 when the flat perforated tubes 193 and the insertion fins 194 are cut in the vertical direction. The flat perforated tubes 193 function as a heat transfer tube, and transfers heat which shifts between the insertion fins 194 and the outdoor air to the refrigerant flowing thereinside.


Each of the flat perforated tubes 193 includes side surface portions serving as heat transfer surfaces, and a plurality of inner flow paths 193 a through which the refrigerant flows. The flat perforated tubes 193 are arranged in a plurality of stages at intervals in a state in which a side surface portion of a flat perforated tube 193 vertically faces a side surface portion of another flat perforated tube 193 disposed next to the former flat perforated tube 193. The insertion fins 194 are a plurality of fins each having a shape illustrated in FIG. 20 and connected to the flat perforated tubes 193. Each of the insertion fins 194 has a plurality of cutouts 194a extending horizontally narrow and long so that the insertion fin 194 is inserted onto the flat perforated tubes 193 arranged in the plurality of stages between the header collection pipes 191 and 192. As illustrated in FIG. 20, the shape of each cutout 194a of the insertion fins 194 corresponds to the external shape of a cross section of each flat perforated tube 193.


Here, a case where a coupling portion 194b of the insertion fin 194 is disposed on the leeward side has been described. In this case, the coupling portion 194b is a portion of the insertion fin 194 linearly coupled without a cutout 194a. In the outdoor heat exchanger 125, however, the coupling portion 194b of the insertion fin 194 may be disposed on the windward side. When the coupling portion 194b is disposed on the windward side, the wind is dehumidified first by the insertion fin 194 and then the wind hits the flat perforated tubes 193.


Here, a case where the heat exchanger illustrated in FIG. 19 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger 125. However, the heat exchanger illustrated in FIG. 19 may be used for an indoor heat exchanger. When an insertion fin is used for an indoor heat exchanger, the coupling portion of the insertion fin may be disposed on the leeward side. In this way, in the indoor heat exchanger, when the coupling portion of the insertion fin is disposed on the leeward side, a spray of water can be prevented.


Regarding resistance to pressure and resistance to corrosion, “0.9 mm≤flat-tube thickness (a vertical height h193 of the flat perforated tube 193 illustrated in FIG. 20) ≤4.0 mm” is preferably established; and regarding heat exchange capacity, “8.0 mm≤flat-tube thickness (a horizontal width W193 of the flat perforated tube 193 illustrated in FIG. 20)≤25.0 mm” is preferably established.


In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit including the outdoor heat exchanger 125 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.


(8) Third Embodiment

An inner-surface grooved tube 201 is inserted into through holes 211a of a plurality of plate fins 211 that are illustrated in FIG. 24 and that are disposed in parallel to each other. Next, a pipe expanding tool (not illustrated) is press fitted into the inner-surface grooved tube 201. Accordingly, the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is expanded, the clearance between the inner-surface grooved tube 201 and the plate fin 211 is eliminated, thereby increasing the degree of close contact between the inner-surface grooved tube 201 and the plate fin 211. Next, the pipe expanding tool is removed from the inner-surface grooved tube 201. Accordingly, a heat exchanger in which the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is joined to the plate fin 211 without a gap is manufactured.


The inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for a plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger of a refrigeration cycle apparatus, such as either of an air conditioner and a refrigeration air conditioning apparatus. The plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger is included in a refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. The refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion valve. In heating operation, the plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger functions as an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus. In cooling operation, the plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger functions as a condenser in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.


The inner-surface grooved tube 201 having a pipe outer diameter D201 of a pipe of 4 mm or more and 10 mm or less is used. The original tube of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 uses a material of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The method of forming an inner-surface grooved shape of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 may be component rolling, rolling, or the like, however, is not limited thereby.


As illustrated in FIGS. 21, 22, and 23, the inner-surface grooved tube 201 includes multiple grooves 202 formed in the inner surface thereof in a direction inclined toward a pipe-axis direction, and in-pipe fins 203 formed between the grooves 202. The number of the grooves 202 is 30 or more and 100 or less. A groove lead angle θ201 formed between each groove 202 and the pipe axis is 10 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. A bottom thickness T201 of each inner-surface grooved tube 201 in a section orthogonal to the pipe axis (cut along line I-I) of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. A fin height h201 of each in-pipe fin is 0.1 mm or more and is 1.2 times the bottom thickness T201 or less. A fin-thread vertex angle δ201 is 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less. A fin-root radius r201 is 20% or more and 50% or less of the fin height h201.


Next, limitations on numerical values of the inner-surface groove shape of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 are described.


(8-1) Number of Grooves: 30 or More and 100 or Less


The number of grooves is properly determined with regard to heat transfer performance, individual weight, and so forth, in combination with respective specifications (described later) of the inner-surface groove shape, and is preferably 30 or more and 100 or less. If the number of grooves is less than 30, groove moldability likely decreases. If the number of grooves is more than 100, a grooving tool (grooving plug) is likely chipped. In either case, volume productivity of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 likely decreases.


Furthermore, when the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger included in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is preferably satisfied that the number of grooves of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the outdoor heat exchanger >the number of grooves of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, in-pipe pressure loss of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 can be decreased, and heat transfer performance thereof can be increased.


(8-2) Groove Lead Angle θ201: 10 Degrees or More and 50 Degrees or Less


The groove lead angle θ201 is preferably 10 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. If the groove lead angle θ201 is less than 10 degrees, heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) likely decreases. If the groove lead angle θ201 is more than 50 degrees, it may be difficult to suppress deformation of the in-pipe fin 203 due to ensuring of volume productivity and expansion of the diameter of the inner-surface grooved tube 201.


Furthermore, when the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger included in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is preferably satisfied that the groove lead angle of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the outdoor heat exchanger <the number of grooves of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, in-pipe pressure loss of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 can be decreased, and heat transfer performance thereof can be increased.


(8-3) Bottom Thickness T201: 0.2 mm or More and 1.0 mm or Less


The bottom thickness T201 is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. If the bottom thickness T201 is outside the range, it may be difficult to manufacture the inner-surface grooved tube 201. If the bottom thickness T201 is 0.2 mm or less, the strength of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 likely decreases, and it is likely difficult to keep the strength of resistance to pressure.


(8-4) Fin Height h201: 0.1 mm or More and (Bottom Thickness T201×1.2) mm or Less


The fin height h201 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and (bottom thickness T201×1.2) mm or less. If the fin height h201 is less than 0.1 mm, heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) likely decreases. If the fin height h201 is more than (bottom thickness T201×1.2) mm, it may be difficult to suppress significant deformation of the in-pipe fin 203 due to ensuring of volume productivity and expansion of the diameter of the inner-surface grooved tube 201.


Furthermore, when the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is used for the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger included in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, it is preferably satisfied that the fin height h201 of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the outdoor heat exchanger >the fin height h201 of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 of the indoor heat exchanger. Accordingly, in-pipe pressure loss of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 can be decreased, and heat transfer performance of the outdoor heat exchanger can be further increased.


(8-5) Thread Vertex Angle δ201: 5 Degrees or More and 45 Degrees or Less


The thread vertex angle δ201 is preferably 5 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less. If the thread vertex angle δ201 is less than 5 degrees, it may be difficult to suppress deformation of the in-pipe fin 203 due to ensuring of volume productivity and expansion of the diameter of the inner-surface grooved tube 201. If the thread vertex angle δ201 is more than 45 degrees, maintenance of heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) and the individual weight of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 likely become excessive.


(8-6) Fin-root Radius r201: 20% or More and 50% or Less of Fin Height h201


The fin-root radius r201 is preferably 20% or more and 50% or less of the fin height h201. If the fin-root radius r201 is less than 20% of the fin height h201, fin inclination due to the pipe expansion likely becomes excessive, and volume productivity likely decreases. If the fin-root radius r201 is more than 50% of the fin height h201, the effective heat transfer area of the refrigerant gas-liquid interface likely decreases, and heat transfer performance of the inner-surface grooved tube 201 (heat exchanger) likely decreases.


In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit including the plate fin-and-tube heat exchanger using the inner-surface grooved tube 201 is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.


(9) Characteristics

The air conditioning apparatus 10 that is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment, the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment, and the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third embodiment each include a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant, and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant. The refrigeration cycle apparatuses are constituted such that the refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the evaporator and the condenser.


According to the first embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is one of the evaporator and the condenser, and the indoor heat exchanger 27 is the other one of the evaporator and the condenser; and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27 each include the metal plates 19 serving as a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the flat tubes 16 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27 are each a heat exchanger that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tubes 16 and the air which is a fluid flowing along the metal plates 19 to exchange heat with each other. The flat tube 16 includes a flat surface portion 16a illustrated in FIG. 18. In each of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the indoor heat exchanger 27, the flat surface portions 16a of the flat tubes 16 that are disposed next to each other face each other. Each of the plurality of metal plates 19 is bent in a waveform, and disposed between the flat surface portions 16a of the flat tubes 16 disposed next to each other. Each metal plate 19 is connected to the flat surface portions 16a to be able to transfer heat to the flat surface portions 16a.


According to the second embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 125 is one of the evaporator and the condenser, and includes the plurality of insertion fins 194 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the flat perforated tubes 193 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The outdoor heat exchanger 125 is a heat exchanger that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the flat perforated tube 193 and the air which is a fluid flowing along the insertion fin 194 to exchange heat with each other. The flat perforated tube 193 have the flat surface portions 193b illustrated in FIG. 20. In the outdoor heat exchanger 125, the flat surface portions 193b of the flat perforated tubes 193 that are disposed next to each other face each other. Each of the plurality of insertion fins 194 has a plurality of cutouts 194a. The plurality of flat perforated tubes 193 are inserted into the plurality of cutouts 194a of the plurality of insertion fins 194 and connected thereto to be able to transfer heat to the plurality of insertion fins 194.


According to the third embodiment, the heat exchanger including the plurality of plate fins 211 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the inner-surface grooved tubes 201 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is one of the evaporator and the condenser. The heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the inner-surface grooved tube 201 and the air which is a fluid flowing along the plate fins 211 to exchange heat with each other. Each of the plurality of plate fins 211 has the plurality of through holes 211a. In the heat exchanger, the plurality of inner-surface grooved tubes 201 penetrate through the plurality of through holes 211a of the plurality of plate fins 211. The outer peripheries of the plurality of inner-surface grooved tubes 201 are in close contact with the inner peripheries of the plurality of through holes 211a.


In the above-described refrigeration cycle apparatus, the heat exchanger includes the metal plates 19, the insertion fins 194, or the plate fins 211 serving as a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy; and the flat tubes 16, the flat perforated tubes 193, or the inner-surface grooved tubes 201 serving as a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Since the refrigeration cycle apparatus has such a configuration, for example, as compared to a case where a heat transfer tube uses a copper pipe, the material cost of the heat exchanger can be decreased.


The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and details can be modified in various ways without departing from the idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the claims.


REFERENCE SIGNS LIST






    • 10 air conditioning apparatus (example of refrigeration cycle apparatus)


    • 16 flat tube (example of heat transfer tube)


    • 16
      a, 193b flat surface portion


    • 19 metal plate (example of fin)


    • 23, 125 outdoor heat exchanger (example of evaporator, and example of condenser)


    • 27 indoor heat exchanger (example of evaporator, example of condenser)


    • 193 flat perforated tube (example of heat transfer tube, example of flat tube)


    • 194 insertion fin


    • 194
      a cutout


    • 201 inner-surface grooved tube (example of heat transfer tube)


    • 211 plate fin


    • 211
      a through hole





CITATION LIST
Patent Literature

PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-256358

Claims
  • 1. A refrigeration cycle apparatus comprising: a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene;an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant; anda condenser that condenses the refrigerant,wherein at least one of the evaporator and the condenser is a heat exchanger that includes a plurality of fins made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and a plurality of heat transfer tubes made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and that causes the refrigerant flowing inside the heat transfer tubes and a fluid flowing along the fins to exchange heat with each other, andwherein the refrigerant repeats a refrigeration cycle by circulating through the evaporator and the condenser.
  • 2. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of fins has a plurality of holes,the plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrate through the plurality of holes of the plurality of fins, andouter peripheries of the plurality of heat transfer tubes are in close contact with inner peripheries of the plurality of holes.
  • 3. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat transfer tubes are a plurality of flat tubes, andflat surface portions of the flat tubes that are disposed next to each other face each other.
  • 4. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of fins is bent in a waveform, disposed between the flat surface portions of the flat tubes disposed next to each other, and connected to the flat surface portions to be able to transfer heat to the flat surface portions.
  • 5. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of fins has the plurality of cutouts, andthe plurality of flat tubes are inserted into the plurality of cutouts of the plurality of fins and connected thereto to be able to transfer heat to the plurality of fins.
  • 6. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
  • 7. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
  • 8. The refrigeration cycle apparatus (−1-0*according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
  • 9. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  • 10. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
  • 11. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
  • 12. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
  • 13. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 6, whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
  • 14. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, andthe refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
  • 15. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, andthe refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
  • 16. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 17. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 18. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
  • 19. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
  • 20. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
  • 21. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),whereinwhen the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
  • 22. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
  • 23. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 24. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 25. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 26. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 27. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
  • 28. The refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
Priority Claims (9)
Number Date Country Kind
2017-242183 Dec 2017 JP national
2017-242185 Dec 2017 JP national
2017-242186 Dec 2017 JP national
2017-242187 Dec 2017 JP national
PCT/JP2018/037483 Oct 2018 JP national
PCT/JP2018/038746 Oct 2018 JP national
PCT/JP2018/038747 Oct 2018 JP national
PCT/JP2018/038748 Oct 2018 JP national
PCT/JP2018/038749 Oct 2018 JP national
Continuation in Parts (1)
Number Date Country
Parent 16955207 Jun 2020 US
Child 16913500 US