Patent Application
20180073782
The present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus including a plurality of distribution units.
In the past, a multi-air-conditioning apparatus for a building in which a plurality of indoor units are connected to a single outdoor unit via a plurality of distribution units (relay units) has been known (Patent Literature 1, for example).
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No. 2616524
In general, a distribution pipe such as a Y-shaped distribution pipe is used to distribute refrigerant from an outdoor unit to a plurality of distribution units. Herein, if the Y-shaped distribution pipe is inclined with respect to the horizontal when the refrigerant flowing through the Y-shaped distribution pipe is in a two-phase gas-liquid state, the refrigerant is distributed into the respective distribution units with an uneven proportion of gas and liquid. Consequently, the distribution units have uneven air-conditioning capacities, with one of the distribution units failing to supply necessary air-conditioning capacity.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described issue, and aims to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus capable of correcting the unevenness in capacity between the plurality of distribution units due to the inclination of the distribution pipe.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a heat source unit configured to supply refrigerant, a first distribution unit and a second distribution unit respectively connected to the heat source unit, and a distribution pipe located between the heat source unit and the first distribution unit and the second distribution unit for distributing the refrigerant flowing from the heat source unit into the first distribution unit and the second distribution unit. The first distribution unit and the second distribution unit individually include a heat exchanger configured to serve as a condenser. In a case where the refrigerant flowing through the distribution pipe is unevenly distributed into the first distribution unit and the second distribution unit, a degree of subcooling at an outlet of the heat exchanger of one of the first distribution unit and the second distribution unit of which the distributed refrigerant is of high quality is increased.
According to the refrigeration cycle apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention, even if the refrigerant is unevenly distributed into the plurality of distribution units owing to a factor such as the inclination of the distribution pipe, the unevenness in capacity between the plurality of distribution units is corrected by increasing the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the heat exchanger of the distribution unit of which the distributed refrigerant is of high quality.
A refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Configurations and so forth described below are illustrative, and a refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the following configurations. Further, in the respective drawings, identical or similar members or parts are assigned with identical signs, or the assignment of signs to those members or parts is omitted. Further, redundant or similar descriptions will be simplified or omitted as appropriate.
[Heat Source Unit 100]
The heat source unit 100 is an outdoor unit installed outdoors. The heat source unit 100 includes a compressor 50 for compressing refrigerant into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant and transporting the compressed refrigerant into a refrigerant passage, a refrigerant flow switching device 51, such as a four-way valve, for switching a flow of the refrigerant in accordance with the operation mode of the heat source unit 100, a heat source-side heat exchanger 52 serving as an evaporator or a condenser, and an accumulator 53 that stores excess refrigerant generated due to a difference in the operation mode or excess refrigerant resulting from a transitional change in the operation. The heat source unit 100 further includes a controller 90 (
Further, refrigerant pipes of the heat source unit 100 are provided with check valves 54a, 54b, 54c, and 54d for allowing the refrigerant to flow only in one direction. With these check valves 54a, 54b, 54c, and 54d installed in the heat source unit 100, it is possible to fix the flow of the refrigerant flowing into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b to one direction, irrespective of the operation mode of the utilization units 30.
[First Distribution Unit 1a and Second Distribution Unit 1b]
Since the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b have the same internal structure, the first distribution unit 1a will be described as a representative. The first distribution unit 1a includes intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a. The intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a exchange heat between the heat source-side refrigerant and a secondary-side heat medium on the use side, such as water or antifreeze, for example, and transfer the cooling energy or the heating energy of the heat source-side refrigerant generated by the heat source unit 100 to the secondary-side heat medium. Each of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a therefore serves as a condenser (radiator) when supplying a heating energy medium to any of the utilization units 30 performing a heating operation, and serves as an evaporator when supplying a cooling energy medium to any of the utilization units 30 performing a cooling operation.
The intermediate heat exchanger 3a is a heat exchanger mainly for heating provided between a first expansion device 7a and a first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and serving as a condenser in a cooling and heating mixed operation mode. Opposite sides of a refrigerant passage connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 3a are installed with temperature sensors T1a and T2a each of which detects an outlet temperature of the refrigerant. Further, the intermediate heat exchanger 4a is a heat exchanger mainly for cooling provided between a second expansion device 8a and a second refrigerant flow switching device 6a and serving as an evaporator in the cooling and heating mixed operation mode. Opposite sides of a refrigerant passage connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4a are installed with temperature sensors T3a and T4a each of which detects an outlet temperature of the refrigerant.
Each of the first expansion device 7a and the second expansion device 8a is formed of a device such as an electronic expansion valve, for example, and has an opening degree variably controlled by the controller 90. Further, each of the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a is a device such as a four-way valve, for example, and switches refrigerant passages to cause each of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a to serve as the condenser or the evaporator in accordance with the operation mode of the utilization units 30 under the control of the controller 90. The first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a are installed downstream of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a and the intermediate heat exchanger 4a, respectively, in a cooling only operation mode.
Further, the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a are switchably connected to the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a and the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 2b connected to the heat source unit 100. A refrigerant passage allowing the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a to communicate with the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a will be referred to as the distribution unit high-pressure passage 20a. A refrigerant passage allowing the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a to communicate with the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 2b will be referred to as the distribution unit low-pressure passage 20b. A passage allowing the first expansion device 7a and the second expansion device 8a to communicate with the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a will be referred to as the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c. The distribution unit high-pressure passage 20a is provided with a high pressure-side pressure sensor PS1.
Further, the distribution unit low-pressure passage 20b and the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c are connected by a distribution unit bypass passage 20d. The distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c is provided with an HIC circuit 40. The HIC circuit 40 includes an opening and closing valve 12a, a third expansion device 9a, and a refrigerant-side intermediate heat exchanger 41. The HIC circuit 40 is provided to divide the refrigerant flowing through the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c in the cooling only operation mode to allow a part of the divided refrigerant to pass through the third expansion device 9a and merge with the refrigerant flowing through the distribution unit low-pressure passage 20b. The refrigerant-side intermediate heat exchanger 41 of the H IC circuit 40 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing through the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c and the refrigerant divided from the refrigerant flowing through the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c and reduced in pressure through the third expansion device 9a.
The distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c of the first distribution unit 1a is connected to the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c of the second distribution unit 1b via the intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 2c. The intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 2c thus connects the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c of the first distribution unit 1a and the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c of the second distribution unit 1b to each other, to thereby allow the exchange of the refrigerant between the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b in accordance with the operation mode.
Further, the first distribution unit 1a is provided with heat medium flow switching devices 32 for the respective utilization units 30 to transport the secondary-side heat medium to the utilization units 30. Each of the heat medium flow switching devices 32, which is formed of two three-way valves configured as one unit, switches the passage of the heat medium between the intermediate heat exchanger 3a and the intermediate heat exchanger 4a, and controls the flow rate of the heat medium flowing into each branch. The number of the heat medium flow switching devices 32 to be provided depends on the number of the installed utilization units 30 (four in this case), and the heat medium flow switching devices 32 may be connected to one another. Each of the heat medium flow switching devices 32 includes therein one port connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 3a, one port connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4b, and one port connected to a use-side heat exchanger 33.
Further, the heat medium flow switching device 32 is configured to control the opening area of a pipe to control the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the pipe. Based on the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the corresponding utilization unit 30 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing from the utilization unit 30, the heat medium flow switching device 32 controls the amount of the heat medium flowing into the utilization unit 30 to provide the utilization unit 30 with an optimal amount of the heat medium according to an air-conditioning load. Herein, if the utilization unit 30 does not require the air-conditioning load, such as stop or thermo-off (stop of a device such as a fan in the utilization unit 30), or if it is desired to block the passage of the heat medium for a maintenance work and so forth, it is possible to stop the supply of the heat medium to the utilization unit 30 by fully closing the heat medium flow switching device 32.
Further, in the first distribution unit 1a, heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b corresponding to the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, respectively, are provided to transport the heat medium to the respective utilization units 30. The heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b, each of which is a pump, for example, are provided to heat medium pipes between the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a and the heat medium flow switching devices 32, and the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled in accordance with the magnitude of the load required by the utilization units 30.
[Utilization Units 30]
Each of the utilization units 30 is an indoor unit (fan coil unit) installed as concealed in or suspended from the ceiling of an indoor space or hung on a surface of a wall of the indoor space, for example, to heat or cool the indoor space in accordance with the set operation mode and temperature. The utilization unit 30 includes the use-side heat exchanger 33 that exchanges heat between indoor air and the heat medium flowing in from the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. The utilization unit 30 further includes a temperature sensor T5a that detects the temperature of air to be suctioned into the utilization unit 30 and a temperature sensor T6a that detects the temperature of the heat medium at an outlet of the utilization unit 30.
[Operation Mode]
As operation modes, each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b operates a heating only operation mode in which all driven utilization units 30 perform the heating operation, a cooling only operation mode in which all driven utilization units 30 perform the cooling operation, and a mixed operation mode in which one or more of the utilization units 30 perform the cooling operation and one or more of the utilization units 30 perform the heating operation. Further, the mixed operation mode includes a cooling main operation mode in which the load of the utilization units 30 performing the cooling operation is large and a heating main operation mode in which the load of the utilization units 30 performing the heating operation is large. Operations of the refrigerant and the secondary-side heat medium in the respective operation modes will be described below. Since the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b are similar to each other in the operations of the refrigerant and the secondary-side heat medium, the operations in the first distribution unit 1a will be described as a representative. [Cooling Only Operation Mode]
The flow of the refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode will first be described. Low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the compressor 50, and is discharged as high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant. The discharged high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the heat source-side heat exchanger 52 and exchanges heat with outdoor air to turn into high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and flows into the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a from the heat source unit 100. The liquid refrigerant flowing from the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a into the first distribution unit 1a flows into the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c through the fully open opening and closing valve 12a. Further, the refrigerant flowing into the distribution unit intermediate-pressure passage 20c divides in the HIC circuit 40 to exchange heat with the refrigerant reduced in pressure by the third expansion device 9a. Then, the refrigerant expanded through the first expansion device 7a and the second expansion device 8a flows into the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a as low-pressure, two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant. In the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, the refrigerant then exchanges heat with the secondary-side heat medium, such as water or antifreeze, and evaporates into gas refrigerant. In this process, the respective opening degrees of the first expansion device 7a and the second expansion device 8a are controlled such that the degree of superheat, which is the temperature difference between an evaporating temperature and an outlet refrigerant temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a detected by the temperature sensor T2a or an outlet refrigerant temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger 4a detected by the temperature sensor T4a, equals a target value (2 degrees Celsius, for example).
The refrigerant having turned into the gas refrigerant flows into the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a. The first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a have been switched to cooling by this time. The gas refrigerant passing through the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the gas refrigerant passing through the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a flow into the distribution unit low-pressure passage 20b, and are transported to the heat source unit 100 through the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 2b and returned to the compressor 50.
The flow of the heat medium in the cooling only operation mode will now be described. As described above, the secondary-side heat medium, such as water or antifreeze, exchanges heat with the low-temperature refrigerant in the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a to turn into low-temperature secondary-side heat medium. The secondary-side heat medium is then transported to the utilization units 30 by the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b connected to the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, respectively. The transported secondary-side heat medium flows into the heat medium flow switching devices 32 connected to the respective utilization units 30, and the heat medium flow switching devices 32 adjust the flow rate of the heat medium flowing into the utilization units 30. In this process, the heat medium flow switching devices 32 supply the utilization units 30 with the secondary-side heat medium transported from both of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a.
In the use-side heat exchangers 33, the secondary-side heat medium flowing into the utilization units 30 exchanges heat with the indoor air of the indoor space. Thereby, the cooling operation by the utilization units 30 is performed. The secondary-side heat medium subjected to the heat exchange in the use-side heat exchangers 33 flows into the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a through the heat medium pipes and the heat medium flow switching devices 32. Then, in the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, the refrigerant receives an amount of heat equal to the amount of heat received from the indoor space through the utilization units 30, reducing the temperature of the secondary-side heat medium. Thereafter, the secondary-side heat medium is again transported by the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b.
[Heating Only Operation Mode]
The flow of the refrigerant in the heating only operation mode will first be described. Low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant flows into the compressor 50, and is discharged as high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant. The discharged high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a from the heat source unit 100. The gas refrigerant flowing from the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a into the first distribution unit 1a divides and flows into the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a. The first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a have been switched to heating by this time. The gas refrigerant passing through the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a and the gas refrigerant passing through the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a pass through the intermediate heat exchanger 3a and the intermediate heat exchanger 4a, respectively, to exchange heat with the secondary-side heat medium, such as water or antifreeze.
The refrigerant having turned into high-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant through the heat exchange with the secondary-side heat medium passes through the first expansion device 7a and the second expansion device 8a to be expanded into intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant. In this process, the respective opening degrees of the first expansion device 7a and the second expansion device 8a are controlled such that the degree of subcooling, which is the temperature difference between a condensing temperature obtained from the high pressure-side pressure sensor PS1 and an outlet refrigerant temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a detected by the temperature sensor T1a or an outlet refrigerant temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger 4a detected by the temperature sensor T3a, equals a target value (10 degrees Celsius, for example).
The liquid refrigerant passing through the first expansion device 7a and the liquid refrigerant passing through the second expansion device 8a merge together, and thereafter flow into the distribution unit low-pressure passage 20b through the distribution unit bypass passage 20d. In this process, the opening and closing valve 12a is controlled to be fully closed, and the HIC circuit 40 is used as a bypass. The intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing into the distribution unit low-pressure passage 20b turns into low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and is transported to the heat source unit 100 through the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 2b. The low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant transported to the heat source unit 100 flows into the heat source-side heat exchanger 52, exchanges heat with the outdoor air to turn into low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is returned to the compressor 50.
The flow of the heat medium in the heating only operation mode will now be described. As described above, the heat medium, such as water or antifreeze, exchanges heat with the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant in the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a to turn into a high-temperature secondary-side heat medium. The secondary-side heat medium increased in temperature in the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a is transported to the utilization units 30 by the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b connected to the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, respectively. The transported secondary-side heat medium flows into the heat medium flow switching devices 32 connected to the respective utilization units 30, and the heat medium flow switching devices 32 control the flow rate of the heat medium flowing into the utilization units 30. In this process, the heat medium flow switching devices 32 supply the utilization units 30 with the secondary-side heat medium transported from both of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a.
In the use-side heat exchangers 33, the secondary-side heat medium flowing into the utilization units 30 exchanges heat with the indoor air of the indoor space. Thereby, the heating operation by the utilization units 30 is performed. The heat medium subjected to the heat exchange in the use-side heat exchangers 33 flows into the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a through the heat medium pipes and the heat medium flow switching devices 32. Then, in the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, the heat medium receives from the refrigerant an amount of heat equal to the amount of heat supplied to the indoor space through the utilization units 30, and is again transported to the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b.
[Cooling Main Operation Mode]
A description will now be given of the flow of the refrigerant in the cooling main operation mode of the mixed operation mode.
The two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant from the heat source unit 100 flows into the first distribution unit 1a through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a. In the first distribution unit 1a, the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a has been switched to heating, and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a has been switched to cooling. The refrigerant flowing into the first distribution unit 1a and passing through the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a. The high-temperature, high-pressure, two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a provides an amount of heat to the secondary-side heat medium, such as water or antifreeze, similarly flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a, and condenses into high-temperature, high-pressure liquid. The refrigerant having turned into the high-temperature, high-pressure liquid passes through the first expansion device 7a to be expanded into intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant. In this process, the outlet refrigerant temperature of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a is detected by the temperature sensor T1a, and the first expansion device 7a is controlled such that the degree of subcooling equals a target value (10 degrees Celsius, for example).
Then, the refrigerant having turned into the intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the second expansion device 8a to turn into low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant, and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4a. The refrigerant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4a receives an amount of heat from the secondary-side heat medium, such as water or antifreeze, similarly flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4a, and thereby evaporates into low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant. In this process, the temperature of the refrigerant having passed through the intermediate heat exchanger 4a and subjected to the heat exchange is detected by the temperature sensor T4a, and the second expansion device 8a, through which the refrigerant passes, is controlled such that the degree of superheat of the second expansion device 8a equals a target value (2 degrees Celsius, for example). The low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a, and thereafter is transported to the heat source unit 100 through the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 2b and returned to the compressor 50.
The flow of the secondary-side heat medium in the cooling main operation mode will now be described. As described above, the secondary-side heat medium reduced in temperature in the intermediate heat exchanger 4a is transported by the heat medium transport device 31b connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4a. Further, the secondary-side heat medium increased in temperature in the intermediate heat exchanger 3a is transported by the heat medium transport device 31a connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 3a. The flow rate of the transported secondary-side heat medium flowing into each of the utilization units 30 is controlled by the heat medium flow switching device 32 connected to the utilization unit 30. In this process, if the utilization unit 30 connected to the heat medium flow switching device 32 performs the heating operation, the heat medium flow switching device 32 is switched to the direction in which the heat medium flow switching device 32 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 3a and the heat medium transport device 31a. If the utilization unit 30 connected to the heat medium flow switching device 32 performs the cooling operation, the heat medium flow switching device 32 is switched to the direction in which the heat medium flow switching device 32 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4a and the heat medium transport device 31b.
That is, the secondary-side heat medium to be supplied to the utilization unit 30 is switched to hot water or cold water in accordance with the operation mode of the utilization unit 30. In the use-side heat exchanger 33, the secondary-side heat medium flowing into the utilization unit 30 exchanges heat with the indoor air of the indoor space. Thereby, the heating operation or the cooling operation by the utilization unit 30 is performed. The secondary-side heat medium subjected to the heat exchange in the use-side heat exchanger 33 flows into the heat medium flow switching device 32. If the utilization unit 30 connected to the heat medium flow switching device 32 is performing the heating operation, the heat medium flow switching device 32 is switched to the direction in which the heat medium flow switching device 32 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 3a. If the utilization unit 30 connected to the heat medium flow switching device 32 is performing the cooling operation, the heat medium flow switching device 32 is switched to the direction in which the heat medium flow switching device 32 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4a. Thereby, the secondary-side heat medium used in the heating operation appropriately flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a in which the refrigerant provides heat for heating purpose, and the secondary-side heat medium used in the cooling operation appropriately flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4a in which the refrigerant receives heat for cooling purpose. Then, the secondary-side heat medium again exchanges heat with the refrigerant in each of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, and thereafter is transported to the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b.
[Heating Main Operation Mode]
The flow of the refrigerant in the heating main operation mode will now be described. Low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant flows into the compressor 50, and is discharged as high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant. The discharged high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flows into the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a from the heat source unit 100. That is, in the heating main operation mode, the refrigerant flow switching device 51 is switched to transport the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 50 to the outside of the heat source unit 100 without through the heat source-side heat exchanger 52. The gas refrigerant from the heat source unit 100 flows into the first distribution unit 1a through the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a.
In the first distribution unit 1a, the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a has been switched to heating, and the second refrigerant flow switching device 6a has been switched to cooling. The gas refrigerant flowing into the first distribution unit 1a and passing through the first refrigerant flow switching device 5a flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a provides an amount of heat to the secondary-side heat medium, such as water or antifreeze, similarly flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 3a, and condenses into high-temperature, high-pressure liquid. The refrigerant having turned into the high-temperature, high-pressure liquid passes through the first expansion device 7a to be expanded into intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant, and flows into the second expansion device 8a. The subsequent flow of the refrigerant and the flow of the secondary-side heat medium in the heating main operation mode are similar to those in the cooling main operation mode.
Herein, a case in which the operation mode of the first distribution unit 1a and the operation mode of the second distribution unit 1b are different from each other and are specific operation modes includes a case in which the refrigerant is transported from the first distribution unit 1a to the second distribution unit 1b via the intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 2c or a case opposite thereto (a case in which the refrigerant is transported from the second distribution unit 1b to the first distribution unit 1a via the intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 2c). For example, if the first distribution unit 1a is in the heating only operation mode and the second distribution unit 1b is in the cooling only operation mode, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant from the heat source unit 100 only flows into the first distribution unit 1a from the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a. Thereafter, the refrigerant is turned into intermediate-pressure liquid refrigerant by the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 4a, the first expansion device 7a, and the second expansion device 8a of the first distribution unit 1a, and flows into the second distribution unit 1b through the intermediate-pressure refrigerant pipe 2c. The refrigerant then flows into the low-pressure refrigerant pipe 2b through a first expansion device 7b, a second expansion device 8b, and intermediate heat exchangers 3b and 4b of the second distribution unit 1b, and is transported to the heat source unit 100 and returned to the compressor 50. Meanwhile, if the operation mode of the first distribution unit 1a and the operation mode of the second distribution unit 1b are the same, the refrigerant flowing into the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a from the heat source unit 100 is distributed into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b by the distribution pipe 25.
Herein, if the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b are both in the cooling main operation mode, or if one of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b is in the cooling main operation mode, the other one of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b is in the heating main operation mode, and an overall cooling load is large, the two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant flows into the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a from the heat source unit 100, and is distributed into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b by the distribution pipe 25. In this case, the inclination of the distribution pipe 25, as illustrated in (b) of
In this process, the high-quality refrigerant and the low-quality refrigerant flow into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b, respectively, due to the inclination of the distribution pipe 25. The refrigerants then flow into the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 3b, respectively, each serving as the condenser in the cooling main operation mode, heat the secondary-side heat medium to condense, and are subcooled beyond the saturated liquid line. In this process, the degree of subcooling of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a and the degree of subcooling of the intermediate heat exchanger 3b are controlled with the first expansion device 7a and the first expansion device 7b, respectively, as described above. The refrigerants are then expanded by the second expansion device 8a and the second expansion device 8b, respectively, and turn into low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerants.
Herein, in the second distribution unit 1b, into which the low-quality refrigerant flows, insufficient heating capacity due to a small difference in enthalpy is conceivable. Therefore, if the first expansion device 7b is controlled in the second distribution unit 1b with the target value set to a degree of subcooling similar to that in the first distribution unit 1a, into which the high-quality refrigerant flows, unevenness is caused between the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, as illustrated in
In Embodiment 1, therefore, the controller 90 of the heat source unit 100 determines whether or not unevenness is caused between the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, and performs a correcting process if the unevenness is caused.
The communication unit 91 communicates with the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b, and receives a variety of information including temperature information detected by the temperature sensors T1a to T6a and pressure information detected by the high pressure-side pressure sensor PS1. The communication unit 91 further transmits to the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b control signals for controlling the units of the first distribution unit 1a and the units of the second distribution unit 1b. The mode determiner 92 determines which one of the heating only operation mode, the cooling only operation mode, the cooling main operation mode, and the heating main operation mode is the operation mode of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. The mode determiner 92 determines the operation mode of each of the distribution units based on the information of the operation mode of the utilization units 30 connected to the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b, which is received via the communication unit 91.
The control unit 93 controls the units of the heat source unit 100, the units of the first distribution unit 1a, and the units of the second distribution unit 1b based on the variety of information including the temperature information detected by the temperature sensors T1a to T6a and the pressure information detected by the high pressure-side pressure sensor PS1, which is received via the communication unit 91. Specifically, the control unit 93 controls, for example, the rotation speed of the compressor 50, the switching of the refrigerant flow switching devices 51, 5a, and 6a and the heat medium flow switching devices 32, the respective opening degrees of the expansion devices 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, and 9a, the opening and closing of the opening and closing valves 12a, and the flow rates according to the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b. The control unit 93 further controls the respective opening degrees of the first expansion devices 7a and 7b in accordance with the respective target values changed by the target value changing unit 96.
The capacity detector 94 detects the heating capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. Specifically, the capacity detector 94 receives, via the communication unit 91, a suction air temperature Tair detected by the temperature sensor T5a of each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation among the utilization units 30 connected to the first distribution unit 1a and a heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet of the utilization unit 30 detected by the temperature sensor T6a. The capacity detector 94 then calculates a difference ΔTaw between the suction air temperature Tair and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet of the each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation. Then, the capacity detector 94 transmits a mean value ΔTaw1 of the calculated temperature difference ΔTaw to the unevenness determiner 95 as an indicator representing the capacity (heating capacity) of the first distribution unit 1a. The capacity detector 94 similarly calculates, via the communication unit 91, ΔTaw2, which is an indicator representing the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, from the suction air temperature Tair detected by a temperature sensor T5b of each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation among the utilization units 30 connected to the second distribution unit 1b and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet of the use-side heat exchanger 33 detected by a temperature sensor T6b, and transmits ΔTaw2 to the unevenness determiner 95. Herein, ΔTaw1 and ΔTaw2 do not directly represent the capacity (heating capacity) of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity (heating capacity) of the second distribution unit 1b, respectively, but are indicators representing the respective capacities. For the convenience of explanation, however, ΔTaw1 and ΔTaw2 will be referred to as the “capacity ΔTaw1” and the “capacity ΔTaw2,” respectively.
The unevenness determiner 95 determines whether or not the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b are even based on the capacity ΔTaw1 of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity ΔTaw2 of the second distribution unit 1b received from the capacity detector 94. Specifically, if the absolute value of the difference between ΔTaw1 and ΔTaw2 is greater than a threshold α, the unevenness determiner 95 determines unevenness in capacity. Herein, the threshold α is set to 2 to 3 (degrees Celsius), for example. Then, if the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b are uneven, the unevenness determiner 95 notifies the target value changing unit 96 of the unevenness.
If notified by the unevenness determiner 95 that the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b are uneven, the target value changing unit 96 changes the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a or 3b. Specifically, the target value changing unit 96 compares the capacity ΔTaw1 of the first distribution unit 1a with the capacity ΔTaw2 of the second distribution unit 1b. If the capacity ΔTaw1 of the first distribution unit 1a is higher than the capacity ΔTaw2 of the second distribution unit 1b, the target value changing unit 96 increases the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a of the first distribution unit 1a. Meanwhile, if the capacity ΔTaw2 of the second distribution unit 1b is higher than the capacity ΔTaw1 of the first distribution unit 1a, the target value changing unit 96 increases the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3b of the second distribution unit 1b. The target value changing unit 96 then transmits the changed target value to the control unit 93. Herein, the target value changing unit 96 may increase the target value of the degree of subcooling in the distribution unit with high capacity by a preset value (1 degree Celsius, for example) or by a value according to the difference in capacity between the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. For example, the target value changing unit 96 may increase the target value by a value proportional to the difference in capacity between the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b.
The control unit 93 controls the opening degree of the first expansion device 7a or the first expansion device 7b in accordance with the target value of the degree of subcooling received from the target value changing unit 96. With the thus-increased target value of the degree of subcooling in the distribution unit with high capacity, the opening degree of the first expansion device 7a or the first expansion device 7b is reduced. This enables a reduction in the refrigerant flow rate in the distribution unit with high capacity and thus the correction of the unevenness in capacity.
Meanwhile, if both of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b are in the mixed operation mode (S1: YES), it is determined whether or not the cooling load is greater than the heating load in the entirety of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b (S2). Then, if the cooling load is equal to or less than the heating load in the entirety (S2: NO), the present process is completed. If both of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b are in the mixed operation mode, and if the cooling load is equal to or less than the heating load, high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant is supplied from the heat source unit 100 and distributed by the distribution pipe 25. Even if the distribution pipe 25 is inclined, therefore, the unevenness of the refrigerant to be distributed is unlikely to be caused, and thus there is no need to perform the correcting process.
Meanwhile, if the cooling load is greater than the heating load in the entirety (S2: YES), the control unit 93 controls the flow rate of the heat medium with the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b and the heat medium flow switching devices 32 of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b to maintain a constant temperature difference of the heat medium between the inlet and the outlet of each of the utilization units 30 (S3). Then, the control unit 93 controls the opening degree of each of the first expansion device 7a and the first expansion device 7b such that the degree of subcooling at the outlet of each of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 3b equals a predetermined target value (10 degrees Celsius, for example) (S4). Then, the suction air temperature Tair (degrees Celsius) and the heat medium temperature Twout (degrees Celsius) at the outlet of each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation among the utilization units 30 are detected by the temperature sensors T5a and T6a or T5b and T6b (S5).
Then, based on the suction air temperature Tair and the heat medium temperature Twout, the capacity detector 94 calculates the capacity ΔTaw1 of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity ΔTaw2 of the second distribution unit 1b (S6). Then, the unevenness determiner 95 determines whether or not the absolute value of the difference between ΔTaw1 and ΔTaw2 is greater than the threshold α (S7). Herein, whether or not the unevenness in capacity is caused is determined based on whether or not the difference in capacity between the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b is greater than the predetermined threshold. Then, if the absolute value of the difference between ΔTaw1 and ΔTaw2 is equal to or less than the threshold a (S7: NO), it is determined that there is no unevenness between the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, and the present process is completed. In this case, it is considered that the distribution pipe 25 is installed substantially horizontally, and that the refrigerant is evenly distributed into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b.
Meanwhile, if the absolute value of the difference between ΔTaw1 and ΔTaw2 is greater than the threshold a (S7: YES), it is determined that the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b are uneven. In this case, it is considered that the distribution pipe 25 is installed with an inclination with respect to the horizontal, and that the refrigerant is not distributed into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b with an even proportion of gas and liquid. Then, the target value changing unit 96 determines whether or not ΔTaw1 is greater than ΔTaw2 (S8).
If ΔTaw1 is greater than ΔTaw2 (S8: YES), the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a in the first distribution unit 1a is increased (S9). If ΔTaw1 is greater than ΔTaw2, it is considered that the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a is higher than the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b. Therefore, the target value of the degree of subcooling in the first distribution unit 1a is increased to correct the unevenness in capacity. Meanwhile, if ΔTaw1 is equal to or less than ΔTaw2 (S8: NO), the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3b in the second distribution unit 1b is increased (S10). If ΔTaw1 is equal to or less than ΔTaw2 (that is, if ΔTaw2 is greater than ΔTaw1), it is considered that the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b is higher than the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a. Therefore, the target value of the degree of subcooling in the second distribution unit 1b is increased to correct the unevenness in capacity.
As described above, in Embodiment 1, if unevenness is caused between the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, the target value of the degree of subcooling is changed to enable the correction of the unevenness. That is, if the refrigerant passing through the distribution pipe 25 is unevenly distributed into the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b, the degree of subcooling at the outlet of one of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b of which the distributed refrigerant is of high quality (that is, the distribution unit with high capacity) is increased to enable the correction of the unevenness in capacity. Therefore, even if the distribution pipe 25 is installed with an inclination with respect to the horizontal and the refrigerant is distributed with an uneven proportion of gas and liquid, it is possible to correct the unevenness without re-installing the distribution pipe 25. In the correction according to the correcting process of Embodiment 1, the inclination of the distribution pipe 25 is desirably 40 degrees or less, but is not limited thereto.
Further, with the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b calculated based on the difference ΔTaw between the suction air temperature Tair and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet of each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation, it is possible to determine the evenness or unevenness of the capacity without checking the installed state (inclination) of the distribution pipe 25.
Further, with the target value of the degree of subcooling in the distribution unit with high capacity increased by the preset value by the target value changing unit 96, it is possible to simplify the process. Meanwhile, with the target value of the degree of subcooling in the distribution unit with high capacity increased by the target value changing unit 96 by the value according to the difference in capacity between the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b, it is possible to set an optimal degree of subcooling according to the difference in capacity.
Further, the correcting process is performed only if both of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b are in the mixed operation mode and the cooling load is greater than the heating load in the entirety of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. It is thereby possible to prevent an unnecessary correcting process when the unevenness of the refrigerant to be distributed is unlikely to be caused even if the distribution pipe 25 is inclined, that is, when the refrigerant not in the two-phase gas-liquid state passes through the distribution pipe 25.
Subsequently, Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. Embodiment 2 is different from Embodiment 1 in the method of detecting the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b performed by the capacity detector 94. Embodiment 2 is similar to Embodiment 1 in the other configurations of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 500.
If the cooling load is greater than the heating load in the entirety (S2: YES), the control unit 93 controls the flow rate of the heat medium with the heat medium transport devices 31a and 31b and the heat medium flow switching devices 32 of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b to maintain a constant temperature difference of the heat medium between the inlet and the outlet of each of the utilization units 30 (S3). The control unit 93 then controls the opening degree of each of the first expansion device 7a and the first expansion device 7b such that the degree of subcooling at the outlet of each of the intermediate heat exchangers 3a and 3b equals a predetermined target value (10 degrees Celsius, for example) (S4). Then, a set temperature Tm (degrees Celsius) of each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation among the utilization units 30 is detected from the utilization unit 30, and the heat medium temperature Twout (degrees Celsius) at the outlet of the utilization unit 30 is detected by the temperature sensor T6a or T6b (S15).
Then, based on the set temperature Tm and the heat medium temperature Twout, the capacity detector 94 calculates capacity ΔTmw1 of the first distribution unit 1a and capacity ΔTmw2 of the second distribution unit 1b (S16). Herein, a difference ΔTmw between the set temperature Tm of a room and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet of each utilization unit 30 performing the heating operation is calculated, and a mean value ΔTmw1 of the calculated temperature difference ΔTmw is determined as an indicator representing the capacity (heating capacity) of the first distribution unit 1a. An indicator ΔTmw2 representing the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b is similarly obtained. Herein, similarly as in Embodiment 1, ΔTmw1 and ΔTmw2 do not directly represent the capacity (heating capacity) of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity (heating capacity) of the second distribution unit 1b, respectively, but are indicators representing the respective capacities. For the convenience of explanation, however, ΔTmw1 and ΔTmw2 will be referred to as the “capacity ΔTmw1” and the “capacity ΔTmw2,” respectively.
Then, the unevenness determiner 95 determines whether or not the absolute value of the difference between ΔTmw1 and ΔTmw2 is greater than a threshold β (S17). The threshold β is set to 2 to 3 (degrees Celsius), for example. Then, if the absolute value of the difference between ΔTmw1 and ΔTmw2 is equal to or less than the threshold β (S17: NO), it is determined that there is no unevenness between the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, and the present process is completed.
Meanwhile, if the absolute value of the difference between ΔTmw1 and ΔTmw2 is greater than the threshold β (S17: YES), it is determined that the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b are uneven. Then, the target value changing unit 96 determines whether or not ΔTmw1 is greater than ΔTmw2 (S18). If ΔTmw1 is greater than ΔTmw2 (S18: YES), the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3b in the second distribution unit 1b is increased (S19). If ΔTmw1 is greater than ΔTmw2, it is considered that the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b is higher than the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a. Therefore, the target value of the degree of subcooling in the second distribution unit 1b is increased to reduce the refrigerant flow rate in the second distribution unit 1b and correct the unevenness in capacity. Meanwhile, if ΔTmw1 is equal to or less than ΔTmw2 (S18: NO), the target value of the degree of subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 3a in the first distribution unit 1a is increased (S20). If ΔTmw1 is equal to or less than ΔTmw2 (that is, if ΔTmw2 is greater than ΔTmw1), it is considered that the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a is higher than the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b. Therefore, the target value of the degree of subcooling in the first distribution unit 1a is increased to reduce the refrigerant flow rate in the first distribution unit 1a and correct the unevenness in capacity.
As described above, effects similar to those of Embodiment 1 are attainable when the difference between the set temperature Tm of the utilization unit 30 and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet of the utilization unit 30 is determined as the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. Further, with the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b obtained as in Embodiment 2, it is possible to correct the unevenness in capacity between the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b due to the inclination of the distribution pipe 25, even if it is difficult to detect the suction air temperature Tair in the room.
The foregoing description has been given of Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention based on the drawings. However, specific configurations of the present invention are not limited thereto, and Embodiments 1 and 2 may be modified within a scope not deviating from the gist of the invention. For example, Embodiments 1 and 2 described above are configured such that the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b having the same configuration are connected in parallel to the heat source unit 100, but the configuration is not limited thereto. For example, a configuration may be adopted, in which the first distribution unit 1a or the second distribution unit 1b is replaced by a direct expansion-type distribution unit that directly supplies the refrigerant to the utilization units 30.
Further, Embodiments 1 and 2 described above are configured such that two distribution units (the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b) are connected in parallel to the heat source unit 100, but may be configured such that three or more distribution units are connected in parallel to the heat source unit 100. In this case, the high-pressure refrigerant pipe 2a is provided with a distribution pipe having three or more horizontally aligned branch passages to distribute the refrigerant from the heat source unit 100. Similarly as in Embodiments 1 and 2 described above, it is possible in such a configuration to detect the capacity of each of the distribution units and determine whether or not the unevenness according to the difference in capacity is caused. Further, if the unevenness is caused, the control target value (the target value of the degree of subcooling) required to be changed in at least one of the plurality of distribution units may be changed to correct the unevenness.
Further, in Embodiments 1 and 2 described above, the mean value of the temperature difference between the suction air temperature Tair and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet or the mean value of the temperature difference between the set temperature Tm of the utilization unit 30 and the heat medium temperature Twout at the outlet is calculated as the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. However, the configuration is not limited thereto. For example, a flow rate sensor may be provided to the heat medium transport device 31a in each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b, and the flow rate of the heat medium detected by the flow rate sensor in a state in which the temperature difference of the heat medium between the inlet and the outlet of each of the utilization units 30 is controlled to be constant may be determined as the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b. In this case, the control target value may be changed with a determination that the distribution unit having a high flow rate has high capacity. Further, if the heat medium pipes of the first distribution unit 1a and the heat medium pipes of the second distribution unit 1b have the same length, the rotation speed or the voltage value of the heat medium transport device 31a in each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b may be detected and determined as the capacity of each of the first distribution unit 1a and the second distribution unit 1b.
Further, the configuration may be modified to provide a reporting unit to the heat source unit 100 to, if the unevenness determiner 95 determines the unevenness between the capacity of the first distribution unit 1a and the capacity of the second distribution unit 1b, report the unevenness to a user such as an administrator, in addition to the correcting process by the target value changing unit 96. Further, the present invention is not limited to the multi-air-conditioning apparatus for a building, and may be applied to a large refrigeration cycle apparatus, such as a refrigerating machine or a heat pump chiller for cooling a refrigeration warehouse.
This application is a U.S. national stage application of International Application No. PCT/JP2015/062002, filed on Apr. 20 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/062002 | 4/20/2015 | WO | 00 |
