The present disclosure relates to refrigeration. More particularly, it relates to ejector refrigeration systems.
Earlier proposals for ejector refrigeration systems are found in U.S. Pat. No. 1,836,318 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,277,660.
In the normal mode of operation, gaseous refrigerant is drawn by the compressor 22 through the suction line 56 and inlet 24 and compressed and discharged from the discharge port 26 into the discharge line 28. In the heat rejection heat exchanger, the refrigerant loses/rejects heat to a heat transfer fluid (e.g., fan-forced air or water or other fluid). Cooled refrigerant exits the heat rejection heat exchanger via the outlet 34 and enters the ejector primary inlet 40 via the line 36.
The exemplary ejector 38 (
Use of an ejector serves to recover pressure/work. Work recovered from the expansion process is used to compress the gaseous refrigerant prior to entering the compressor. Accordingly, the pressure ratio of the compressor (and thus the power consumption) may be reduced for a given desired evaporator pressure. The quality of refrigerant entering the evaporator may also be reduced. Thus, the refrigeration effect per unit mass flow may be increased (relative to the non-ejector system). The distribution of fluid entering the evaporator is improved (thereby improving evaporator performance). Because the evaporator does not directly feed the compressor, the evaporator is not required to produce superheated refrigerant outflow. The use of an ejector cycle may thus allow reduction or elimination of the superheated zone of the evaporator. This may allow the evaporator to operate in a two-phase state which provides a higher heat transfer performance (e.g., facilitating reduction in the evaporator size for a given capability).
The exemplary ejector may be a fixed geometry ejector (
Various modifications of such ejector systems have been proposed. One example in US20070028630 involves placing a second evaporator along the line 46. US20040123624 discloses a system having two ejector/evaporator pairs. Another two-evaporator, single-ejector system is shown in US20080196446. Another method proposed for controlling the ejector is by using hot-gas bypass. In this method a small amount of vapor is bypassed around the gas cooler and injected just upstream of the motive nozzle, or inside the convergent part of the motive nozzle. The bubbles thus introduced into the motive flow decrease the effective throat area and reduce the primary flow. To reduce the flow further more bypass flow is introduced.
One aspect of the disclosure involves a system having a compressor. A heat rejection heat exchanger is coupled to the compressor to receive refrigerant compressed by the compressor. A non-controlled ejector has a primary inlet coupled to the heat rejection exchanger to receive refrigerant, a secondary inlet, and an outlet. The system includes means (e.g., a nozzle) for causing a supercritical-to-subcritical transition upstream of the ejector.
In various implementations, the means may consist essentially of a nozzle and a control valve. The nozzle may be a convergent nozzle or a convergent/divergent (convergent-divergent) nozzle. The means may be non-branching and inline between the heat rejection heat exchanger and the ejector. The system may further include a separator having an inlet coupled to the outlet of the ejector to receive refrigerant from the ejector. The separator has a gas outlet coupled to the compressor to return refrigerant to the compressor. The separator has a liquid outlet coupled to the secondary inlet of the ejector to deliver refrigerant to the ejector. A heat absorption heat exchanger may be coupled to the liquid outlet of the separator to receive refrigerant.
An expansion device may be immediately upstream of the heat absorption heat exchanger. The refrigerant may comprise at least 50% carbon dioxide, by weight.
Other aspects of the disclosure involve methods for operating the system.
The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.
The ejector is a non-controllable ejector. Directly upstream of the ejector primary inlet is a means 172 for providing a supercritical-to-subcritical transition of refrigerant before entering the primary inlet. A first exemplary means comprises a convergent nozzle 180 (
In operation, the expansion device 70 is controlled to maintain a desired superheat of refrigerant exiting the evaporator. A target superheat exiting the evaporator may be maintained. The superheat may be determined by input from a pressure transducer P and temperature sensor T downstream of the evaporator. Alternatively, the pressure can be estimated from a temperature sensor along the saturated region of the evaporator. To increase superheat, the expansion device is closed, to increase opened.
A third exemplary means comprises a convergent-divergent nozzle 220 (
Further variations on the means involve omitting the control valve 182 (
Yet further variations of the means modify the nozzle 220 to have a controllable flow cross-section. For a convergent-divergent nozzle 240 (
The system may be fabricated from conventional components using conventional techniques appropriate for the particular intended uses.
Although an embodiment is described above in detail, such description is not intended for limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope or the disclosure. For example, when implemented in the remanufacturing of an existing system of the reengineering of an existing system configuration, details of the existing configuration may influence or dictate details of any particular implementation. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
Benefit is claimed of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/367,140, filed Jul. 23, 2010, and entitled “Ejector Cycle”, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if set forth at length.
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PCT/US2011/044617 | 7/20/2011 | WO | 00 | 1/21/2013 |
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WO2012/012490 | 1/26/2012 | WO | A |
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