Patent Application
20210164725
The present subject matter relates generally to domestic appliances, and more particularly to a variable shelf assembly to adjust the height of a shelf in a refrigerator appliance.
Domestic appliances, such as refrigerator appliances, generally include a cabinet that defines an internal chamber. In the case of refrigerator appliances, a chilled chamber may be defined for receipt of food articles for storage. Refrigerator appliances can also include various storage components mounted within the chilled chamber and designed to facilitate storage of food items therein. Such storage components can include racks, bins, shelves, or drawers that receive food items and assist with organizing and arranging of such food items within the chilled chamber.
Some existing refrigerator appliances include one or more shelves for holding or supporting food items within the chilled chamber. The height or position of the shelf or shelves may be changed according to the needs of a user. For instance, a shelf may be removably supported on a bracket that is permanently fixed to the refrigerator. Multiple predetermined mounting heights may be defined on the bracket by slots that receive the shelf. In order to change the height of the shelf, the shelf must be removed from the bracket. Generally, this requires a user to pivot or lift the shelf relative to the bracket. Moreover, the shelf must be at least partially removed from the chilled chamber.
The steps required for adjusting the height of such existing systems can be undesirably complicated. For instance, any food items held or supported by the shelf must generally be removed before the shelf may be adjusted. If the food items are not first removed, a user risks spilling or dropping the items while the shelf is unsupported by the bracket. Even if all the food items are removed, properly aligning the shelf to the bracket may be difficult for some users. Furthermore, the shelf will have only a limited number of predetermined heights, as determined by the bracket. This, in turn, limits a user's options for configuring the shelf height, as well as the overall useable space within the chilled chamber.
Accordingly, an appliance with features for easily and reliably adjusting a shelf height within the appliance would be useful. In particular, a refrigerator appliance with features for easily varying the height of a shelf while mounted within a refrigerator appliance would be useful.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
In one exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a refrigerator appliance is provided. The refrigerator appliance may include a cabinet, a liner, and a variable shelf assembly. The liner may be positioned within the cabinet. The liner may define a refrigerated chamber. The variable shelf assembly may be mounted within the refrigerated chamber. The variable shelf assembly may include a stationary hydraulic actuator set, a shelving bracket, a movable hydraulic actuator, and an actuator handle. The stationary hydraulic actuator set may include a first stationary actuator and a second stationary actuator in fluid parallel to the first stationary actuator. The first and second stationary actuators may be extendable between a shortened position and an elongated position. The shelving bracket may be slidably mounted in mechanical communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator set to move along the vertical direction between a first extreme position and a second extreme position. The first extreme position may correspond to the shortened position and the second extreme position may correspond to the elongated position. The movable hydraulic actuator may be mounted to the shelving bracket to move therewith along the vertical direction. The movable hydraulic actuator may include an input cylinder in fluid communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator set. The movable hydraulic actuator may further include an input piston slidable within the input cylinder between a retracted position and an extended position. The actuator handle may be movably attached to the shelving bracket. The actuator handle may be in mechanical communication with the movable hydraulic actuator to direct the input piston between the extended position and the retracted position.
In another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a variable shelf assembly is provided. The variable shelf assembly may include a retainer bar, a stationary hydraulic actuator set, a shelving bracket, a movable hydraulic actuator, and an actuator handle. The stationary hydraulic actuator set may include a first stationary actuator and a second stationary actuator in fluid parallel to the first stationary actuator. The first and second stationary actuators may be extendable between a shortened position and an elongated position. The shelving bracket may be slidably mounted in mechanical communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator set to move along a vertical direction between a first extreme position and a second extreme position. The first extreme position may correspond to the shortened position. The second extreme position may correspond to the elongated position. The movable hydraulic actuator may be mounted to the shelving bracket to move therewith along the vertical direction. The movable hydraulic actuator may include an input cylinder in fluid communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator set. The movable hydraulic actuator may further include an input piston slidable within the input cylinder between a retracted position and an extended position. The actuator handle may be movably attached to the shelving bracket. The actuator handle may be in mechanical communication with the movable hydraulic actuator to direct the input piston between the extended position and the retracted position.
In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a variable shelf assembly is provided. The variable shelf assembly may include a retainer bar, a stationary hydraulic actuator, a shelving bracket, a movable hydraulic actuator, and an actuator handle. The retainer bar may define a predetermined height index along a vertical direction. The stationary hydraulic actuator may be selectively mounted to the retainer bar at the predetermined height index. The stationary hydraulic actuator may be extendable between a shortened position and an elongated position. The shelving bracket may be slidably mounted in mechanical communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator to move along the vertical direction between a first extreme position and a second extreme position. The first extreme position may correspond to the shortened position and the second extreme position corresponding to the elongated position. The movable hydraulic actuator may be mounted to the shelving bracket to move therewith along the vertical direction. The movable hydraulic actuator may include an input cylinder in fluid communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator and an input piston slidable within the input cylinder between a retracted position and an extended position. The actuator handle may be movably attached to the shelving bracket. The actuator handle may be in mechanical communication with the movable hydraulic actuator to direct the input piston between the extended position and the retracted position.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures.
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
As used herein, the term “or” is generally intended to be inclusive (i.e., “A or B” is intended to mean “A or B or both”). The terms “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components. The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the relative flow direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. For example, “upstream” refers to the flow direction from which the fluid flows, and “downstream” refers to the flow direction to which the fluid flows.
Generally, the present disclosure provides an appliance that has a variable shelf assembly. When assembled, the variable shelf assembly may be raised or lowered without being removed from the appliance. The variable shelf assembly may include a stationary hydraulic actuator set that is mounted within a refrigerator appliance to lower and raise a shelving bracket. In order to adjust the height of the shelving bracket, a user may engage an actuator handle that is attached to the shelving bracket. Thus, the actuator handle moves up and down with the shelving bracket. A movable hydraulic actuator that is also attached to the shelving bracket can be connected to both the actuator handle and the stationary hydraulic actuator set. During use, the movable hydraulic actuator can convert mechanical movement of the actuator handle into hydraulic movement that, in turn, drives extension of the stationary hydraulic actuator set. As the stationary hydraulic actuator set is extended, the shelving bracket may rise.
Turning now to the figures,
Cabinet 120 includes a liner 121 that defines one or more chilled chambers for receipt of food items for storage. In particular, liner 121 defines a fresh food chamber 122 positioned at or adjacent top 101 of cabinet 120 and a freezer chamber 124 arranged at or adjacent bottom 102 of cabinet 120. As such, refrigerator appliance 100 is generally referred to as a bottom mount refrigerator. It is recognized, however, that the benefits of the present disclosure apply to other types and styles of appliances such as (e.g., a top mount refrigerator appliance, a side-by-side style refrigerator appliance, or a range appliance). Consequently, the description set forth herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any aspect to any particular refrigerator chamber configuration.
Refrigerator doors 128 are rotatably hinged to an edge of cabinet 120 for selectively accessing fresh food chamber 122. In addition, a freezer door 130 is arranged below refrigerator doors 128 for selectively accessing freezer chamber 124. Freezer door 130 is coupled to a freezer drawer (not shown) slidably mounted within freezer chamber 124. Refrigerator doors 128 and freezer door 130 are shown in the closed configuration in
In some embodiments, refrigerator appliance 100 also includes a dispensing assembly 140 for dispensing liquid water or ice. Dispensing assembly 140 includes a dispenser 142 positioned on or mounted to an exterior portion of refrigerator appliance 100 (e.g., on one of refrigerator doors 128). Dispenser 142 may include a discharging outlet 144 for accessing ice and liquid water. An actuating mechanism 146, shown as a paddle, is mounted below discharging outlet 144 for operating dispenser 142. In alternative exemplary embodiments, any suitable actuating mechanism may be used to operate dispenser 142. For example, dispenser 142 can include a sensor (such as an ultrasonic sensor) or a button rather than the paddle. A control panel 148 is provided for controlling the mode of operation. For example, control panel 148 includes a plurality of user inputs (not labeled), such as a water dispensing button and an ice-dispensing button, for selecting a desired mode of operation such as crushed or non-crushed ice.
Discharging outlet 144 and actuating mechanism 146 are an external part of dispenser 142 and are mounted in a dispenser recess 150. Dispenser recess 150 is positioned at a predetermined elevation convenient for a user to access ice or water and enabling the user to access ice without the need to bend-over and without the need to open refrigerator doors 128.
According to exemplary embodiments, one or more storage components are mounted within fresh food chamber 122 to facilitate storage of food items therein as will be understood by those skilled in the art. For example, the storage components may include storage bins 166, drawers 168, and shelves 171 that are mounted within fresh food chamber 122. Storage bins 166, drawers 168, and shelves 171 are configured for receipt of food items (e.g., beverages or solid food items) and may assist with organizing such food items. As an example, drawers 168 can receive fresh food items (e.g., vegetables, fruits, or cheeses) and increase the useful life of such fresh food items.
In exemplary embodiments, chilled air from a sealed system of refrigerator appliance 100 may be directed into one or more chambers (e.g., fresh food chamber 122 or freezer chamber 124) in order to cool refrigerator appliance. For example, an evaporator 178 is generally configured for generating cooled or chilled air. Optionally, a supply conduit 180 (e.g., defined by or positioned within cabinet 120) may extend between evaporator 178 and one or more chilled chambers to direct air thereto.
In some embodiments, liquid water is collected within a portion of refrigerator appliance 100. For example, liquid water may be generated during melting of frost or from ice cubes being stored within an ice storage bin, as is understood. In certain embodiments, liquid water is directed to an evaporation pan 172. Evaporation pan 172 is positioned within a mechanical compartment 170 defined by cabinet 120 (e.g., at bottom portion 102 of cabinet 120). A condenser 174 of the sealed system can be positioned, for example, directly, above and adjacent evaporation pan 172. Heat from condenser 174 can assist with evaporation of liquid water in evaporation pan 172. A fan 176 configured for cooling condenser 174 can also direct a flow air across or into evaporation pan 172. Thus, fan 176 can be positioned above and adjacent evaporation pan 172. Evaporation pan 172 may be sized and shaped for facilitating evaporation of liquid water therein. For example, evaporation pan 172 may be open topped and extend across about a width or a depth of cabinet 120.
Generally, operation of the refrigerator appliance 100 can be regulated by a controller 190 that is operatively coupled to user interface panel 148 or various other components. User interface panel 148 provides selections for user manipulation of the operation of refrigerator appliance 100, such as selections between whole or crushed ice, chilled water, or other various options (e.g., the height of one or more variable shelves). In response to user manipulation of user interface panel 148 or one or more sensor signals, controller 190 may operate various components of the refrigerator appliance 100. Controller 190 may include a memory and one or more microprocessors, CPUs or the like, such as general or special purpose microprocessors operable to execute programming instructions or micro-control code associated with operation of refrigerator appliance 100. The memory may represent random access memory such as DRAM, or read only memory such as ROM or FLASH. In one embodiment, the processor executes programming instructions stored in memory. The memory may be a separate component from the processor or may be included onboard within the processor. Alternatively, controller 190 may be constructed without using a microprocessor (e.g., using a combination of discrete analog or digital logic circuitry—such as switches, amplifiers, integrators, comparators, flip-flops, AND gates, and the like) to perform control functionality instead of relying upon software.
Controller 190 may be positioned in a variety of locations throughout refrigerator appliance 100. In the illustrated embodiment, controller 190 is located adjacent to or on user interface panel 148. In other embodiments, controller 190 may be positioned at another suitable location within refrigerator appliance 100, such as for example within a fresh food chamber, a freezer door, etc. Input/output (“I/O”) signals may be routed between controller 190 and various operational components of refrigerator appliance 100. For example, user interface panel 148 may be in operable communication (e.g., electrical communication) with controller 190 via one or more signal lines or shared communication busses.
Turning now generally to
Variable shelf assembly 200 includes a drive assembly 202 and a support assembly 204. As shown, especially in
Turning especially to
One or more struts 212 may extend forward from brace 208 (e.g., away from liner 121 or toward the cabinet opening selectively covered by doors 128—
In exemplary embodiments, support assembly 204 includes a shelf or storage surface 214 attached to shelving bracket 206. When assembled, storage surface 214 is generally supported by shelving bracket 206. For instance, storage surface 214 may rest on top of shelving bracket 206 to move therewith (e.g., relative to movement axis A). Optionally, storage surface 214 may be fixed to shelving bracket 206 via one or more suitable adhesives, mechanical fasteners, or other attachment members. In example embodiments, storage surface 214 is a planar surface that extends orthogonal to movement axis A. In turn, storage surface 214 may include a flat plate formed from a suitable rigid material, such as tempered glass, plastic, or metal.
As shown in
Optionally, a plurality of height indexes 220 may be defined along retainer bar 218 such that an index mount 222 may be received at multiple discrete heights. In other words, drive assembly 202 may selectively attach higher or lower along a retainer bar 218, according to a user's desire. Moreover, multiple index mounts 222 may be provided. For instance, two or more index mounts 222 may be laterally spaced (i.e., spaced in the lateral direction L) on mounting plate 216 and correspond to two or more similarly spaced retainer bars 218.
Turning now to
In certain embodiments, the first and second stationary actuators 226, 228 are mounted in mechanical parallel. Thus, first and second stationary actuators 226, 228 can extend in parallel to each other. For example, first and second stationary actuators 226, 228 may be positioned to extend along the movement axis A. In some such embodiments, first and second stationary actuators 226, 228 are extendable along the vertical direction V. Additionally or alternatively, first and second stationary actuators 226, 228 may be spaced apart (e.g., along the lateral direction L). When assembled, first and second stationary actuators 226, 228 may thus be located proximal to opposite end portions 210.
During use, the stationary actuators 226, 228 can be actuated or extended (e.g., along the movement axis A) between a shortened position (e.g., relatively short configuration) and an elongated position (e.g., relatively long configuration). In certain embodiments, the stationary actuators 226, 228 are synchronized to move simultaneously between their corresponding shortened positions and elongated positions. Shelving bracket 206 is in mechanical communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. For instance, shelving bracket 206 may be fixed to the sliding pistons of the stationary actuators 226, 228. In turn, as stationary actuators 226, 228 move between their corresponding shortened positions and elongated positions (i.e., the shorted position and elongated position of stationary actuator set 224), shelving bracket 206 may also move between the base position and the elongated position. The shortened position of the stationary actuator set 224 corresponds to one extreme position (e.g., the base position) of the shelving bracket 206, and the elongated position of the stationary actuator set 224 corresponds to the other extreme position (e.g., the top position) of the shelving bracket 206. Thus, as stationary actuator set 224 is in the shortened position, the shelving bracket 206 is in one (e.g., first) extreme position. Similarly, as stationary actuator set 224 is in the elongated position, the shelving bracket 206 is in the other (e.g., second) position.
As shown, one or more movable hydraulic actuators 230 having an input cylinder 232 and an input piston 234 are mounted to the shelving bracket 206 (e.g., below storage surface 214). For example, the input cylinder 232 of one or more movable hydraulic actuators 230 may be joined to support assembly 204 via a suitable mechanical fastener, adhesive, etc. During use, the movable hydraulic actuator 230 or actuators 230A, 230B may thus move in tandem with shelving bracket 206 along the movement axis A.
Generally, each movable hydraulic actuator 230 includes an input piston 234 that is at least partially received by and slidable within a corresponding input cylinder 232. In particular, input piston 234 is slidable between a retracted position and an extended position. As is understood, in the retracted position, a relatively large portion of input piston 234 is received within input cylinder 232, reducing the volume of cylinder in which hydraulic fluid may be contained. By contrast, in the extended position, a relatively small portion of input piston 234 is received within input cylinder 232, increasing the volume of cylinder in which hydraulic fluid may be contained.
When assembled, the input cylinder 232 is in fluid communication with the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. Thus, hydraulic fluid may be exchanged (e.g., selectively exchanged) with stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. As hydraulic fluid is motivated from the input cylinder 232 (e.g., by movement of the input piston 234), the hydraulic fluid may be received within the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. In some embodiments, hydraulic fluid is sealed between the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 and stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. Any displacement of hydraulic fluid within the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 may be transferred to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224, and vice versa.
Turning now especially to
Turning now especially to
In some embodiments, the first and second movable actuators 230A, 230B are mounted in mechanical parallel. For instance, both the first and second movable actuators 230A, 230B may be located on and extendable in a plane perpendicular to the movement axis A, as shown. In the illustrated embodiments of
Returning generally to
When assembled, the actuator handle 244 is in communication with the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230. In particular, the actuator handle 244 may be mechanical communication with each input piston 234. The position of the actuator handle 244 relative to the shelving bracket 206 may be linked to (e.g., correspond with) the position of each input piston 234. During use, the actuator handle 244 may be positioned (e.g., as motivated by a user) to direct each input piston 234 between the extended position and the retracted position.
An input linkage assembly 246 may connect or link the actuator handle 244 and movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230. Generally, the input linkage assembly 246 transfers or translates movement of the actuator handle 244 to the input piston(s) 234. Thus, input linkage assembly 246 may include or be provided as any suitable mechanical transfer structure.
As an example, input linkage assembly 246 may include a mated pin-groove 248, as shown in
As another example, input linkage assembly 246 may include a rack-and-pinion gearing 250, as shown in
As yet another example, input linkage assembly 246 may include a ratcheting pivot lever 254, as shown in
As still another example, input linkage assembly 246 may include a ratcheting, contra-movement gear train, as shown in
The above exemplary actuator handle-input linkage assembly embodiments are understood to be non-limiting and merely illustrative, except as otherwise indicated. It would be understood that further embodiments may include another suitable configuration of actuator handle (e.g., button, lever, wheel, knob, etc.) and input linkage assembly. Moreover, such input linkage assemblies may be configured to magnify any force or movement at the actuator handle to the movable hydraulic actuators, such as through a differential pulley gear train, fast-travel lead screw, etc.
Turning now especially to
In certain embodiments, one or more check valves 258 are included along the fluid communication path between movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 and the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. As an example, in embodiments including only a single movable actuator, a single check valve 258 may be provided between the single input cylinder 232 and both stationary hydraulic actuators 226, 228 (
As understood, each check valve 258 is configured to permit a uni-directional fluid flow from the corresponding movable hydraulic actuator 230 and the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. Thus, hydraulic fluid within the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 is generally prevented from entering the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 through the check valves 258. Nonetheless, hydraulic fluid may be transferred through the check valve(s) 258 to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. Specifically, mechanical movement of the actuator handle 244 is transferred or translated to the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 via the input linkage assembly 246. Such mechanical movement may in turn motivate hydraulic fluid from the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 through the check valve(s) 258. Moreover, as the hydraulic fluid is motivated to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224, the shelving bracket 206 may be motivated along the upward direction U (
In additional or alternative embodiments, one or more release valves 260 are included along the fluid communication path between movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 and the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. As an example, in embodiments including only a single movable actuator, a release valve 260 may be provided between the single input cylinder 232 and both stationary hydraulic actuators 226, 228 (
As understood, each release valve 260 can be opened/closed and is configured to permit fluid communication between the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 and the corresponding movable hydraulic actuator 230 (e.g., when opened). Generally, each release valve 260 may be a normally-closed valve that is biased to the closed state. Opening the release valve(s) 260 may be controlled by a discrete release button 262 (e.g., mounted on actuator handle 244). For example, release button 262 may be mechanically connected to the release valve(s) 260 through a release linkage assembly 264, such as a cable-operated lever. When the release button 262 is actuated, the release linkage assembly 264 may pull the release valve(s) 260 open. While the release valve(s) 260 are opened, pressure on the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 (e.g., provided by gravity and the weight of support assembly 204—
Turning now especially to
In certain embodiments, one or more check valves 258 are included along the fluid communication path between movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 and the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. As an example, in embodiments including only a single movable actuator, a single check valve 258 may be provided between the single input cylinder 232 and both stationary hydraulic actuators 226, 228 (
As understood, each check valve 258 is configured to permit a uni-directional fluid flow from the corresponding movable hydraulic actuator 230 and the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. Thus, hydraulic fluid within the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 is generally prevented from entering the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 through the check valves 258. Nonetheless, hydraulic fluid may be transferred through the check valve(s) 258 to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. Specifically, mechanical movement of the actuator handle 244 in a first direction (e.g., downward, counterclockwise, forward, etc.) is transferred or translated to the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 via the input linkage assembly 246. In such embodiments, a ratchet 256 may be provided in one-way mechanical communication between the actuator handle 244 and the input piston(s) 234. Thus, the ratchet 256 may translate movement of the actuator handle 244 in a first direction to the input piston(s) 234, such as described above. Such mechanical movement may in turn motivate hydraulic fluid from the movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 through the check valve(s) 258. Moreover, as the hydraulic fluid is motivated to the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224, the shelving bracket 206 may be motivated along the upward direction U (
In additional or alternative embodiments, one or more release valves 260 are included along the fluid communication path between movable hydraulic actuator(s) 230 and the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224. As an example, in embodiments including only a single movable actuator, a release valve 260 may be provided between the single input cylinder 232 and both stationary hydraulic actuators 226, 228 (
As understood, each release valve 260 can be opened/closed and is configured to permit fluid communication between the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 and the corresponding movable hydraulic actuator 230 (e.g., when opened). Generally, each release valve 260 may be a normally-closed valve that is biased to the closed state. Opening the release valve(s) 260 may be controlled by movement or extension of actuator handle 244 in a second direction (e.g., upward, clockwise, rearward, etc.) that is separate and distinct from the first direction. For instance, the second direction may be separate from the first direction. The actuator handle 244 may be mechanically connected to the release valve(s) 260 through a release linkage assembly 264, such as a cable-operated lever. When the actuator handle 244 is moved in the second direction, the ratchet 256 may isolate movement relative to the movable hydraulic actuators 230 while the release linkage assembly 264 pulls the release valve(s) 260 open. While the release valve(s) 260 are opened, pressure on the stationary hydraulic actuator set 224 (e.g., provided by gravity and the weight of support assembly 204—
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
