Patent Application
20060081319
The present invention relates to a reinforcement material which is suitable as a reinforcement material for a rubber product such as an automobile tire, and has been processed to have a flat coil shape. More particularly, the present invention relates to a reinforcement material, not causing undesired stress and having excellent shape stability characteristics, a rubber product using the material and a method for producing the product, and a pneumatic tire using the material and a method for producing the tire.
There has been heretofore proposed the use of a steel cord or a steel wire which is processed to have a flat coil shape, as a reinforcement material for a pneumatic tire (for example, see Japanese patent application Kokai publication Nos. Hei 10 (1998)-217716, Hei 10 (1998)-258609, and Sho 63 (1988)-96338). Such a reinforcement material having the flat coil shape has been processed to have a predetermined shape in the following manner. Specifically, a steel cord or a steel wire, which has a cylindrical coil shape, is squeezed from both sides by unvulcanized rubber while being crushed so as to fold respective loop portions in the coil-axis direction. As a result in the reinforcement material having the flat coil shape, a plurality of loop portions are arranged so as to be partly superposed on each other in sequence.
However, the above-described reinforcement material having the flat coil shape is processed while the cylindrical coil shape steel cord or the steel wire being squeezed. Thus, it is difficult to stabilize a shape of the material, and quality of a rubber product is made unstable. Moreover, since the above-described reinforcement material having the flat coil shape is embedded in the rubber product while retaining torsional stress, there may be adverse effects on fatigue resistance of the rubber product. Note that, in sandwiching the steel cord or the steel wire, which has the cylindrical coil shape, by use of unvulcanized rubber while squeezing the cord or the wire, it is required to complicate processing equipment thereof in order to reduce variation in quality. Thus, manufacturing costs of the rubber product are increased.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a reinforcement material, not causing undesired stress and having excellent shape stability characteristics, a rubber product using the material and a method for producing the product, and a pneumatic tire using the material and a method for producing the tire.
A reinforcement material for rubber of the present invention to achieve the foregoing object has a flat coil shape where, when the material is in a single free state, loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence. Specifically, the reinforcement material for rubber of the present invention has loop portions which circle around an axis, when the material is in the single free state, so as to form the flat coil shape while inclining to one side with respect to an axial direction. In addition, the respective loop portions of every wrap are sequentially displaced in one direction along the axis, and these loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence to form a band shape.
The reinforcement material having the flat coil shape in the single free state as described above can be embedded in rubber without being processed. Moreover, the reinforcement material can be also embedded in rubber after the material is processed to be a sheet with unvulcanized rubber or the like covering the material. In either case, the reinforcement material can be used without causing unnecessary stress. Moreover, since the reinforcement material is produced as a single piece, a shape thereof is easily stabilized. Accordingly, equipment to produce the material can be simplified, and the material can be produced at low cost.
It is preferable that the reinforcement material has not less than 35% of low-stress elongation at a load of 10N. By increasing the low-stress elongation as described above, the material can easily follow a lift at the time of vulcanization in production of a tire, for example. In the foregoing reinforcement material, it is preferable that the number of wraps of other loop portions superposed on an arbitrary loop portion among the plurality of loop portions is set to 1 to 15. Thus, strength and flexibility of the reinforcement material can be compatible.
In the present invention, it is required to previously process the reinforcement material to have the flat coil shape in the single free state. However, by providing reformed portions between loop portions adjacent to each other, the reformed portions having a curvature different from that of the loop portions, it is made possible to further enhance shape stability characteristics of the reinforcement material. In this case, the reinforcement material of the present invention has an entirely new configuration compared to the conventional case, and can be identified even in the state where the material is embedded in rubber.
Specifically, the reinforcement material for rubber of the present invention has the flat coil shape in which the loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence, and has the reformed portions between loop portions adjacent to each other, the reformed portions having a curvature different from that of the loop portions.
Furthermore, a rubber product of the present invention has a reinforcement material embedded in rubber, the reinforcement material having a flat coil shape in which loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence, and having reformed portions between loop portions adjacent to each other, which have a curvature different from that of the loop portions. Moreover, a method for producing a rubber product of the present invention includes the steps of: forming an unvulcanized rubber product by embedding a reinforcement material in unvulcanized rubber, the reinforcement material having a flat coil shape in which loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence, and having reformed portions between loop portions adjacent to each other, which have a curvature different from that of the loop portions; and vulcanizing the unvulcanized rubber product.
Furthermore, a pneumatic tire of the present invention has a reinforcement material embedded in rubber, the reinforcement material having a flat coil shape in which loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence, and having reformed portions between loop portions adjacent to each other, which have a curvature different from that of the loop portions. Moreover, a method for producing a pneumatic tire of the present invention includes the steps of: forming an unvulcanized tire by embedding a reinforcement material in unvulcanized rubber, the reinforcement material having a flat coil shape in which loop portions are partly superposed on each other in sequence, and having reformed portions between loop portions adjacent to each other, which have a curvature different from that of the loop portions; and vulcanizing the unvulcanized tire.
As described above, when the reinforcement material having the flat coil shape is formed with the reformed portions provided between loop portions adjacent to each other, the reformed portions having a curvature different from that of the loop portions, the shape of the reinforcement material can be stabilized without causing unnecessary stress. Thus, in production of the rubber product such as the pneumatic tire by use of the above-described reinforcement material having the flat coil shape, it is possible to improve processability and workability, and to ensure a stable quality. Furthermore, fatigue resistance of the rubber product can be improved.
In the present invention, the reformed portions having a curvature different from that of the loop portions may be approximately straight, or may have a smaller curvature (a larger curvature radius) than the loop portions, or may have a larger curvature (a smaller curvature radius) than the loop portions. Particularly, it is preferable that approximately straight reformed portions are formed.
The above-described reinforcement material can be formed of a steel cord which is obtained by aligning or twisting at least a strand of wire. However, particularly, it is preferable that the reinforcement material is formed of one wire (a single steel wire). In the case of forming the steel cord by use of a plurality of wires, it is preferable that the wires are twisted together. As to the twisted structure, a publicly known structure can be applied. Although, in terms of permeability of rubber, 1×n structure is preferable, the structure is not limited thereto.
FIGS. 1(a) to 1(c) show a reinforcement material for rubber according to a first embodiment of the present invention:
FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show the reinforcement material for rubber according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the middle of a forming step:
FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) show a load-elongation test apparatus for the reinforcement material for rubber of the present invention:
With reference to the accompanying drawings, a configuration of the present invention will be described in detail below.
FIGS. 1(a) to 1(c) show a reinforcement material for rubber according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show the reinforcement material for rubber of the first embodiment in the middle of a forming step. As shown in FIGS. 1(a) to 1(c), the reinforcement material W1 of this embodiment has a flat coil shape where, when the material is in a single free state, loop portions (approximately circular portions) are partly superposed on each other in sequence. In addition, the reinforcement material has approximately straight reformed portions (deformed portions), each having a length L1, between loop portions adjacent to each other.
To be more specific, the reinforcement material W1 has a plurality of loop portions which circle around an axis O1, when the material is in the single free state, so as to form the flat coil shape while inclining to one side (the right side in
In order to produce the reinforcement material W1, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the same areas of loop portions for every wrap of a cylindrical coil C formed by winding a wire (a steel wire or the like) in a cylindrical spiral in an approximately close contact state are sequentially supplied onto a die surface, which is depressed in an arc shape, of a die 11 of a shaping device (not shown). Thereafter, the areas of the loop portions are shaped by being pressed against the die surface at a predetermined pressure by a press processing piece 12. As the cylindrical coil C, used is one previously produced in a separate step by use of a steel wire or the like as a raw material.
In such a manner, in the cylindrical coil C, the same area of the loop portion for each wrap of the coil is pressed against the die surface, which is depressed in the arc shape, of the die 11 at the predetermined pressure by the press processing piece 12. Accordingly, the pressed portion undergoes plastic deformation, and, when the press processing piece 12 is pulled back, the portion becomes approximately straight over the predetermined length L1. Thereafter, the cylindrical coil C for the next wrap is fed without rotating the coil C, and the same area is shaped by similarly pressing the area against the die surface of the die 11 by means of the press processing piece 12. By repeating the above processing, the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is produced, in which the center positions of the loop portions of every wrap are sequentially displaced in the one direction with a pitch of the length L1 of the reformed portion formed by the shaping.
In the above-described embodiment, the pressure at which the press processing piece 12 is pressed is adjusted so that, in the shaping, the reformed portion undergoes the plastic deformation and becomes approximately straight.
To be more specific, the reinforcement material W2 has loop portions which circle around an axis O2, when the material is in the single free state, so as to form the flat coil shape while inclining to one side (the right side in
In order to produce the reinforcement material W2, for example, as shown in
In the above-described embodiment, the pressure at which the press processing piece 22 is pressed is adjusted so that, in the shaping, the reformed portion undergoes the plastic deformation not so far as to become approximately straight, but to have a smaller curvature than the other portions.
To be more specific, the reinforcement material W3 has loop portions which circle around an axis O3, when the material is in the single free state, so as to form the flat coil shape while inclining to one side (the right side in
In order to produce the reinforcement material W3, for example, as shown in
In the above-described embodiment, the pressure at which the press processing piece 32 is pressed is adjusted so that, in the shaping, the reformed portion undergoes the plastic deformation so as to have a larger curvature than the other portions.
Since each of the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3 has the flat coil shape in the single free state, the reinforcement materials are suitable as a reinforcement material for a rubber product such as an automobile tire, for example, and can be embedded in rubber without being processed. Moreover, the reinforcement material can be also embedded in rubber after the material is processed to be a sheet with unvulcanized rubber or the like covering the material. In either case, the reinforcement material can be used without causing unnecessary stress, and can be used in various forms with a high degree of freedom of usage pattern.
Moreover, since each of the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3 is produced as a single piece, a shape thereof is easily stabilized. Accordingly, equipment to produce the material can be simplified, and the material can be produced at low cost. Thus, for example, in producing a rubber product such as a tire by use of these reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3, it is made possible to improve processability and workability, and to ensure a stable quality.
Each of the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3 described above is an example, and the number of wraps of the loop portions can be changed according to usage. Particularly, it is preferable that the number of wraps N of other loop portions superposed on an arbitrary loop portion among the plurality of loop portions is set to 1 to 15. If the number of wraps N is below the lower limit, strength of the material becomes insufficient, and if the number N exceeds the upper limit, flexibility thereof is lowered. Accordingly, the material becomes apt to undergo separation from rubber. Note that the number of wraps N means the number of the other loop portions superposed on the arbitrary loop portion from one direction. It is preferable that a range of the number of wraps N is maintained even in a state where the reinforcement material is embedded in a rubber product.
It is desirable that a wire diameter of each of the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3 is 0.10 to 5.00 mm, preferably 0.12 to 2.50 mm. If the wire diameter is below the lower limit, strength of the material becomes insufficient, and if the wire diameter exceeds the upper limit, elongation thereof is insufficient and flexibility thereof is lowered. Accordingly, the material becomes apt to undergo separation from rubber.
In the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3, a ratio (H/W×100%) of a coil height H to a coil width W is desired to be 2 to 50% (see FIGS. 1(a) to 1(c)). If this aspect ratio is below the lower limit, strength of the material becomes insufficient, and if the aspect ratio exceeds the upper limit, flexibility thereof is lowered. Accordingly, the material becomes apt to undergo separation from rubber. It is preferable that a range of this ratio of the coil height H to the coil width W is maintained even in a state where the reinforcement material is embedded in the rubber product. There is no particular limitation on the shape of the coil. The coil can also have a polygonal shape, other than a circular shape such as a perfect circle and an ellipse. The reformed portions may be provided either on one side or on both sides in a coil width direction.
In the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3, the lengths L1, L2 and L3 of the reformed portions may be 0.02W to 0.95W, preferably 0.05W to 0.50W, with respect to the coil width W. If the lengths L1, L2 and L3 of the reformed portions are below the lower limit, shape stability characteristics of the reinforcement material are lowered, and flexibility of the reinforcement material is lowered. Accordingly, the material becomes apt to undergo separaiton from rubber. Moreover, if the lengths L1, L2 and L3 of the reformed portions exceed the upper limit, strength of the material becomes insufficient. The coil width W may be selected from a range of 3.0 to 150.0 mm.
In the case of use for reinforcement of a tire, each of the reinforcement materials W1, W2 and W3 is required to have not less than 35% of, preferably not less than 80% of low-stress elongation at a load of 1ON. If this low-stress elongation is small, for example, it becomes difficult to follow a lift at the time of vulcanization in production of a tire.
FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) show a load-elongation test apparatus for the reinforcement material for rubber, which is used in the present invention. It is required to conduct the above-described load-elongation test of the reinforcement material for rubber so as to reproduce elongation of the reinforcement material in the state where the material is embedded in rubber. In FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b), a pair of resin fitting plates 33 and 33 are joined parallel to each other with four spacers 34 interposed therebetween, the spacers being arranged in corners of the plates. As a result, a space of the coil height H+1.5 mm is formed between the pair of fitting plates 33 and 33. A test piece 35 of a reinforcement material is set between the pair of fitting plates 33 and 33, and both ends thereof are connected to an unillustrated tensile testing machine through crimp contacts 36, straight steel wires 37 and chucks 38, respectively.
When the low-stress elongation characteristics of the reinforcement material for rubber are measured by use of the test apparatus configured as described above, the test piece 35 is pulled in the axial direction by the tensile testing machine, and load (N) and elongation (%) thereof are measured. In this event, swelling of the test piece 35 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction is controlled by the fitting plates 33, and the test piece substantially elongates only in the axial direction. Thus, it is made possible to reproduce the elongation of the reinforcement material in the state where the material is embedded in rubber. As the tensile testing machine, an Instron tensile testing machine can be used. For example, a length of the test piece (a distance between the crimp contacts) may be set to 100 mm, and a tension speed may be set to 20 mm/ minute.
In the foregoing pneumatic tire, the above-described reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is used, for example, as the breaker layer 9, and the reinforcement material W1 is continuously wound in a tire circumferential direction. An angle at which the reinforcement material W1 inclines with respect to the tire circumferential direction may be set to approximately 0°. Alternatively, the reinforcement material W1 may be folded zigzag while inclining with respect to the tire circumferential direction. Incidentally, it is needless to say that, instead of the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape, the reinforcement material W2 or the reinforcement material W3 can be used.
When such a reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is used as the breaker layer 9 of the pneumatic tire, quality of the breaker layer 9 is stabilized. As a result, fatigue resistance and cutting resistance can be improved. Moreover, since the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is flexible and has a large elongation, the material is most suitable as a reinforcement material for rubber. Furthermore, the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape virtually has no ends, which contributes to improvement in separation resistance.
In the case of producing the above-described pneumatic tire (rubber product), after the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is embedded in unvulcanized rubber to form an unvulcanized tire (unvulcanized rubber product), the unvulcanized tire is vulcanized. Here, the reinforcement material W1 may be supplied to the step of forming the unvulcanized tire in a state where the material is not covered with rubber. However, in that case, the size of the reinforcement material W1 may be disturbed, or rubber coating may become insufficient. Accordingly, it is preferable that the reinforcement material W1 is supplied to the step of forming the unvulcanized tire in the state where the reinforcement material W1 is covered with rubber.
A strip 51 made of unvulcanized rubber is pushed out of an unillustrated extruding machine, and is supplied from the above to a gap between the press rolls 41 and 42 through the guide roll 43. Meanwhile, a strip 52 made of unvulcanized rubber is pushed out of an unillustrated extruding machine, and is supplied from the side to the gap between the press rolls 41 and 42 through the guide roll 44. Moreover, the reinforcement material W1 processed to have the flat coil shape is supplied between the strips 51 and 52 through the guide roll 45. Accordingly, the reinforcement material W1 and the strips 51 and 52 pass through the gap between the press rolls 41 and 42. Thus, a sheet material 54 including the reinforcement material W1 is continuously formed. Such a sheet material 54 including the reinforcement material W1 may be attached to an area to be reinforced in the pneumatic tire according to need. In the tire production step as described above, since the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape has a stable size, it is easy to process and handle the material. Moreover, since behavior of the above-described reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is stable in processing thereof, there is no need to complicate material feeding equipment. Thus, manufacturing costs of the pneumatic tire can be reduced. Furthermore, even if the reinforcement material W1 having the flat coil shape is continuously wound in the tire circumferential direction in the tread portion, the material can follow a lift (expansion in a tire radial direction) in vulcanization.
In the above-described embodiments, the description was given of the case where the rubber product is the pneumatic tire. In the present invention, a conveyor belt, a marine hose, a fender, and the like can be cited as the rubber product. Moreover, the area to be reinforced in the pneumatic tire is not particularly limited, and the reinforcement material can be used for various areas of the pneumatic tire.
Pneumatic tires of a conventional example, a comparative example and an application example are produced, respectively, in which only structures of a steel breaker ply are different from each other as shown in Table 1. Specifically, the pneumatic tire is for an ore-carrying truck and has a tire size of 1200-24 16PR, has a smooth tread of TRA CODE: L4, and has a bias structure including 8 nylon carcass plies, 2 nylon breaker plies and a steel breaker ply.
In the conventional example, a calendar material obtained by aligning a plurality of linearly extending steel cords and embedding the cords in rubber is processed, and a breaker ply is formed by use of the calendar material. In the comparative example, a sheet material is formed by covering a steel cord (steel wire) having a cylindrical coil shape with rubber from its both sides simultaneously with the squeezing of the cord in a flat coil shape, and a breaker ply is formed by use of the sheet material. In the application example, a sheet material is formed by covering a steel cord (steel wire), which has been previously formed to have a flat coil shape, with rubber from its both sides, and a breaker ply is formed by use of the sheet material.
As to these test tires, cutting resistance and forming productivity of a steel breaker ply are evaluated by use of the following test method. Table 1 shows the results.
[Cutting Resistance]
The test tires are rim assembled at an air pressure of 550 kPa, fitted to an ore-carrying truck, and actually used for material handling work in a mine. Thereafter, damage conditions caused by cuts are checked, and an overall length of the cuts reaching a nylon breaker is obtained. The evaluation results are indicated as indices when the conventional example is assumed to be 100 by using reciprocals of measured values. The larger the index values are, the better the cutting resistance is.
[Forming Productivity of Steel Breaker Ply]
The time required to form the steel breaker ply on a forming drum is measured. The evaluation results are indicated as indices when the comparative example is assumed to be 100 by using reciprocals of measured values. The larger the index values are, the better the forming productivity (processability and workability) of the steel breaker ply is.
* Measured values at 80% elongation
As is clear from Table 1, the tire of the application example shows significantly improved cutting resistance compared to the tire of the conventional example, and also shows improvement effects when compared to the tire of the comparative example. Moreover, in the application example, the reinforcement material having the flat coil shape includes the approximately straight reformed portions, and has better shape stability characteristics. Thus, the application example shows better forming productivity of the steel breaker ply than that of the comparative example.
According to the present invention, a reinforcement material, not causing undesired stress and having excellent shape stability characteristics is provided. Moreover, in production of a rubber product such as a pneumatic tire, it is possible to improve processability and workability, and to ensure a stable quality. Furthermore, fatigue resistance of the rubber product can be improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, it should be understood that various changes, alternatives, and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which are defined by the attached claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-016054 | Jan 2003 | JP | national |
| 2003-015631 | Jan 2003 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP04/00553 | 1/22/2004 | WO | 6/27/2005 |
