Patent Application
20210164217
This disclosure relates modules used in modular building construction and reinforcing structures which may be integrated into such modules. The reinforcing structure may be used to increase the structural integrity and strength of the module and enable it to span greater distances without support from below, such as walls, columns, posts, piers, beams, girders, or trusses. In some embodiments, the reinforcing structure may enable the module to span greater distances without support from elements underneath the module.
In one aspect, modular building units are provided comprising, prior to installation at a construction site, a floor, a ceiling, and a plurality of walls which together define a habitable interior, wherein at least one wall is a reinforced wall capable of spanning a spanning distance of at least 50 feet without underlying support. In some embodiments, modular building units comprises two or more reinforced walls. In some embodiments, reinforced walls comprise one or more reinforcing structures. In some embodiments, reinforcing structures comprise vertical posts; in some embodiments, diagonal members; and in some embodiments reinforcing structures comprise vertical posts and diagonal members joined to adjacent vertical posts.
In some embodiments the reinforced wall comprises metal elements that span the spanning distance, and in other embodiments no metal elements that span the spanning distance. In some embodiments the reinforced wall comprises construction concrete elements that span the spanning distance, and in other embodiments no construction concrete elements that span the spanning distance. In some embodiments, the spanning distance is at least 60 feet; in some, at least 70 feet; and in some, at least 80 feet. In some embodiments, the ceiling and at least one wall comprise an interior surface selected from sheetrock, tile, or finished wood paneling prior to installation at a construction site. In some embodiments, the modular building units additionally comprise, prior to installation at a construction site, installed hardware for at least one of electrical, plumbing, telephone, cable TV, Internet, or HYAC service.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a habitable building comprising two or more modular building units according to the present disclosure installed across a spanning distance without underlying support, where the spanning distance is at least 50 feet; in some embodiments at least 60 feet; in some, at least 70 feet; and in some, at least 80 feet. [0006] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of building construction comprising the steps of: a) constructing a modular building unit according to the present disclosure at an assembly site; b) transporting the modular building unit to a construction site; and c) installing the modular building unit at the construction site. In some embodiments step c) comprises installing the modular building unit across an unsupported span of at least 50 feet; in some at least 60 feet; in some, at least 70 feet; and in some, at least 80 feet.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, “prior to installation at a construction site” can be read as “prior to transporting the modular building unit from an assembly site to a construction site”. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, “prior to installation at a construction site” can be read as “prior to transporting the modular building unit from an assembly site”.
The preceding summary of the present disclosure is not intended to describe each embodiment of the present invention. The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and from the claims.
All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” encompass embodiments having plural referents, unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
As used herein, “have”, “having”, “include”, “including”, “comprise”, “comprising” or the like are used in their open ended sense, and generally mean “including, but not limited to.” It will be understood that the terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” are subsumed in the term “comprising,” and the like.
The present disclosure provides modules used in modular building construction and reinforcing structures which may be integrated into modules used in modular building construction. The reinforcing structures may be used to increase the structural integrity and strength of the module and enable it to span greater distances without building framing and structural support from below, such as walls, columns, posts, piers, beams, girders, or trusses.
The modular budding construction method utilizes “modules” produced in a factory environment that are assembled into the final budding configuration at the construction site. These modules may consist of one or more habitable rooms in which the floor, wads, and ceiling are preassembled at a production facility, transported to the construction site, and then moved into their final position and fastened together before the exterior of the building is applied to the assembled modules. The degree to which the modules are finished at the production facility may vary, but can include installation, texturing, and painting of walls and ceilings; installation and finishing of doors, windows, and decorative trim; installation of carpet, tile, and other flooring; installation of lights, switches, outlets, plumbing, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems; and installation of cabinets, counters and countertops, and even certain furniture and furnishings. In contrast, traditional site-built or stick-built construction requires delivering all of the necessary materials to the construction site where individual components and materials are fabricated and assembled into the final structure at the site, and specialized crews are hired to complete the installation of the aforementioned items and systems. Significant advantages of modular construction include performing the work in an enclosed facility protected from weather and the elements; efficiencies and improved quality arising from working in a factory setting with the assistance of tools and machinery that is not practical at an outdoor work site; and lower costs, shorter time to occupancy, and improved cash flow for the building owner resulting from these efficiencies and avoiding the need to hire skilled trade crews to work at the construction site.
Proper support for the individual modules is vital to ensuring the building maintains its structural integrity over time and provides a safe and pleasant environment for its occupants. This support may be provided in various ways, including a slab on grade in which the modules rest directly on a concrete slab at ground level, a below-grade basement or crawl space in which the modules are supported by a foundation and vertical walls, or a “podium” in which the first floor is constructed using traditional non-modular building techniques and the modules are placed on top of the first floor podium. The modules may comprise a single story, or may be stacked on top of one another to create a structure several stories tall.
In certain building designs, it may be desirable to create large open spaces. Examples from residential construction include living or recreational spaces in a single-family home or multi-family apartment budding or condominium. In commercial construction, examples include areas such as hotel lobbies, conference rooms or ballrooms, and indoor swimming pools where support structures including walls, columns, and piers would interfere with the activity taking place in the space or detract from the aesthetics and visual appeal of the facility. Alternatives to walls, columns, and piers exist and may include structural elements like laminated wood beams or steel beams, girders, and trusses over the open space to provide support for the building structure above the open space. These alternatives are very expensive, require structural analysis to ensure their adequacy, and require costly crews, equipment, and time to install them properly while the building is being constructed.
The present disclosure concerns structures and methods to provide support over large open spaces in a construction module. While individual modules used in modular building construction must be robustly constructed to withstand the rigors of being transported from the production facility to the construction site, the integration of a reinforcing structure to the completed module can further increase the rigidity and structural integrity and strength of the module to the point where it no longer requires support from below and can span such large open spaces without disruptive walls, columns or piers or costly beams, girders, or trusses. By integrating a reinforcing structure with the perimeter walls of an individual module, the entire module becomes a structural truss capable of spanning large open spaces without interior support elements. This reinforcing structure may take the form of a truss comprised of a top chord, bottom chord, vertical posts, diagonals, and means to connect said elements together, such as a metal connecting plate at each intersection of elements. Alternately, the top chord, bottom chord, or both chords may be eliminated and the vertical posts and diagonals may be integrated directly to the existing horizontal rim joists that form the top and bottom perimeter of the module. In this case, the top rim joist serves as the top chord (compression chord) of the truss and the bottom rim joist serves as the bottom chord (tension chord) of the truss. This structure withstands the tensile and compressive forces necessary to prevent the module from sagging downward, thereby eliminating the need for the aforementioned underlying supports such as walls, columns, piers, beams, girders, and trusses.
Any suitable materials may be used to construct the reinforcing structure according to the present disclosure. The diagonal and vertical members may be dimensional lumber such as 2×4s or 2×6s, metal bars or rods, wound or woven cable, metal strapping, or other materials capable of withstanding the tensile and compressive caused by the force of gravity acting on the module, or any combination thereof. Any suitable mechanism for integrating the diagonal and vertical members and optional top and bottom chords with the rest of the module may be used, including bolts and nuts, lag bolts, screws, nails, and/or structural adhesives.
Depending on the length of the module spanning the open space beneath it and the number of stories above the module, the number of reinforcing structures integrated to the module in layer-like fashion may be varied from zero to several (i.e. more reinforcing structures used on longer modules or modules positioned on lower floors of a building with significant loading from above, and fewer or no reinforcing structures on shorter modules or those positioned on higher floors with comparatively less loading from above). Furthermore, where a foundation and load-bearing walls may provide sufficient support under one side of a module, it may be necessary to integrate one or more reinforcing structures with one perimeter wall of a module while one or more of the other perimeter walls of a module may not require such a reinforcing structure at all.
In some embodiments, use of the reinforcing structures according to the present disclosure can avoid the need for structural elements such as laminated wood beams or steel beams, girders, and trusses across the top of the open space to provide support for the building structure above the open space which are expensive, require structural analysis, and require costly crews, equipment, and time to install them properly while the building is being constructed.
In some embodiments, use of the reinforcing structures according to the present disclosure can enable the use of module construction in designs which might otherwise require site-built construction. Modules can be set in place more quickly and efficiently than a site-built building can be constructed to span large open spaces. Thus use of the reinforcing structures according to the present disclosure can enable speedier construction, shortening time to occupancy, and improving cash flow for the building owner.
In some embodiments, the reinforcing structures according to the present disclosure incorporate rim joists that are already present in the module construction to serve as the top and bottom horizontal members of the reinforcing structure thereby minimizing the additional materials and cost of the reinforcing system.
Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and principles of this disclosure, and it should be understood that this disclosure is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth hereinabove.
This application is continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 16/360,475, filed Mar. 21, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/646,122, filed Mar. 21, 2018, both entitled “REINFORCING STRUCTURE FOR MODULAR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION”, and the entire contents of both which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62646122 | Mar 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16360475 | Mar 2019 | US |
| Child | 17175415 | US |
