Patent Application
20240056126
This application claims the benefits of Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-128187, filed on Aug. 10, 2022 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-155314, filed on Sep. 28, 2022, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to a relay station, a transmission method for the relay station, and a communication system.
In wireless communications such as the 5th Generation Mobile Communication System (5G), communications with an ultra-low delay of sub-milliseconds or less are expected. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of improvement of communication services, it is desired to expand a coverage area of cells, and to this end, relay communication via relay stations is effective. Therefore, a wireless communication method, in which a terminal station that performs wireless communication is used as a relay station, has been proposed. Furthermore, non-regenerative relay, in which demodulation and decoding are not performed at a relay station, is desirable as a relay technology with less delay. For further information, see H. Chen. A. B. Gershman, and S. Shahbazpanahi, “Filter-and-Forward Distributed Beamforming in Relay Networks with Frequency Selective Fading”, IEEE Trans. On Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 3, March 2010, and Noguchi, Hayashi, Kaneko, Sakai, “A Single Frequency Full-Duplex Radio Relay Station for Frequency Domain Equalization Systems,” IEICE Technical Report, vol. SIP2011-109, January, 2012.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a relay station, a transmission method therefor, and a communication system that allow a reception station to obtain a preferable diversity effect.
Aspects of the present disclosure may include a relay station operating as a first relay station, and capable of executing non-regenerative relay for a first radio signal transmitted from a transmission station toward a reception station having one antenna, together with one or two or more second relay stations, the relay station comprising:
The aspects of the present disclosure may include a transmission method for a relay station operating as a first relay station and capable of executing non-regenerative relay for a first radio signal transmitted from a transmission station toward a reception station having one antenna, together with one or two or more second relay stations, the transmission method comprising:
The aspects of the present disclosure may include a communications system comprising: a reception station with one antenna; a transmission station configured to transmit a first radio signal to the reception station; and a plurality of relay stations capable of relaying the first radio signal to the reception station through non-regenerative relay, wherein each of the plurality of relay stations includes:
According to the disclosure, the receiving station enable to obtain a suitable diversity effect.
In cellular networks such as the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)), wireless LAN networks (IEE 802.11 series) such as Wi-Fi, or the like, a base station (BS) provides “the transmission diversity (Tx diversity)”. The transmission diversity is a function in which the base station uses a plurality of transmission antennas to transmit a signal (called a downlink signal) from the base station to a terminal station. According to the transmission diversity, even when the terminal station has only one antenna, the terminal station can obtain a diversity effect (diversity gain) and improve a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and a signal to interference and noise power ratio (SINR).
For example, in a 5G communication system, it is conceivable that a relay station transmit a radio signal from a base station to which the transmission diversity has been applied to a terminal station through non-regenerative relay. In such a case, when a correlation between propagation characteristics of a radio signal received from the relay station by a reception station and propagation characteristics of a radio signal received from the base station is high, there is concern that it will not be possible to obtain a sufficient diversity effect in the terminal station.
In the present disclosure, when each of a plurality of relay stations uses one or two or more antennas to relay a radio signal from a transmission station to a reception station through non-regenerative relay, a different delay amount is set in an FIR filter corresponding to an antenna included in each relay station. Accordingly, a radio signal transmitted from each relay station through non-regenerative relay is caused to have a different delay between the relay stations or between the relay station and the antenna. This makes it possible to realize delay diversity for radio signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas included in a plurality of base stations, and obtain a suitable diversity effect in the reception station. When transmission diversity is applied to the radio signal from the transmission station, it is possible to improve the diversity gain in the terminal station by using the radio signals from the plurality of relay stations. However, a configuration of the relay station, which will be described below, can be applied to a radio signal from a base station (transmission station) to which the transmission diversity is not applied (for example, when the base station transmits a radio signal to a terminal station having one antenna using one antenna). In the present disclosure, the “reception station having one antenna” includes not only a terminal station having one antenna but also a terminal station having two or more antennas but using only one antenna for reception of a radio signal from the transmission station and the relay station. Further, a “relay station with one or two or more antennas” includes a relay station with only one antenna, a relay station with two or more antennas but using only one antenna for non-regenerative relay, and a relay station with two or more antennas and using two or more antennas for non-regenerative relay.
A communication system according to the present disclosure can include a transmission station, a reception station, a plurality of relay stations, and a control device. The transmission station is, for example, a base station, and the reception station is, for example, a terminal station. However, the transmission station may be the terminal station and the reception station may be the base station. The relay stations are, for example, small base stations, mobile base stations, smartphones, or in-vehicle devices. Start timings of respective slots constituting a radio frame are synchronized between the transmission station, the reception station, and the one or more relay stations.
The relay station performs the non-regenerative relay of a radio signal. In the non-regenerative relay, a radio signal (a first radio signal) received from a transmission station is converted into a baseband signal, but the baseband signal is not demodulated or decoded. The baseband signal is manipulated, and the manipulated baseband signal is converted to a radio signal and transmitted from an antenna. The relay station according to the present disclosure includes one or two or more antennas and a wireless device (radio) for each antenna, and the non-regenerative relay of the radio signal described above is executed for each antenna that receives a first radio signal. In the present disclosure, each finite impulse response (FIR) filter included in the wireless device assigns delays different between the relay stations or between the relay station and the antenna to respective baseband signals as an operation with respect to the baseband signal corresponding to each antenna. It is possible to assign delay diversity applied to a radio signal (a second radio signal) transmitted from a plurality of antennas included in the plurality of relay stations to the reception station by assigning a delay.
The relay station includes a controller (control unit), and the controller calculates a delay amount to be set in the FIR filter included in the wireless device of the relay station. For example, the controller can use a first propagation delay which is a propagation delay of a signal received from the reception station by the relay station, a second propagation delay which is a propagation delay of a signal received from the transmission station by the relay station, and a signal processing delay in the relay station to obtain a maximum delay, and calculate the delay amount to be set in the FIR filter within a range in which the maximum delay is not exceeded. This makes it possible for the FIR filter to assign a desired delay different among the antennas to the baseband signal.
The controller is, for example, a computer, a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic circuit (integrated circuit) such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a combination thereof. The control device included in the communication system can be configured of the computer, the processor such as the CPU, the integrated circuit, or a combination thereof that has been described above. The control device can give an instruction to the relay station, and the relay station can receive the instruction from the control device and perform assignment of the delay described above. It is also conceivable that the control device calculate the delay amount to be set in the FIR filter of each relay station described above and include the delay amount in the instruction, and the controller set the delay amount included in the instruction in each FIR filter.
The FIR filter according to the present disclosure may perform filtering for curbing (suppressing) interference between a radio signal received from the transmission station and a radio signal transmitted to the reception station (between a transmitter and a receiver), which occurs in the relay station. The interference between the signal received from the transmission station and the signal to be transmitted to the reception station is also called self-interference (SI). The controller can set a weight for curbing the self-interference for the FIR filter.
Further, aspects of the present disclosure can also be specified as a program for causing the relay station to execute the transmission method for a relay station, and a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having the program recorded thereon, in addition to the relay station, the transmission method for a relay station, and the communication system including the relay station described above.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described on the basis of the drawings. Configurations of the following embodiments are examples, and the present disclosure is not limited to the configurations of the embodiments. In the embodiment, a 5G communication system is illustrated as a communication system, but configurations of the transmission station, the relay station, and the reception station according to the present disclosure can be applied to communication systems (a wireless LAN, or the like) other than 5G.
The control device 1 is a device on a core network to which the base station 2 is connected. However, it is also conceivable that the control device 1 is the core network itself or a system included in the core network. The core network includes, for example, an optical fiber network. The control device 1 controls the base station 2, the relay station 3, and the terminal station 4, and provides the terminal station 4 with a communication service.
The base station 2 provides the terminal station 4 with a wireless access network. An area in which radio communication is possible in the wireless access network is also called a cell. The base station 2 includes one or more antennas (for example, antennas #0 and #1), a wireless device 21 corresponding to each antenna, and a control circuit 22 in the first embodiment. The control circuit 22 includes, for example, a processor and a memory. The processor controls communication with the control device 1 (the base station 2) and wireless communication with the relay station 3 and the terminal station 4 according to a computer program in the memory.
The relay station 3 relays wireless communication between the base station 2 and the terminal station 4. The relay station 3 is, for example, a small base station, a mobile base station, an in-vehicle device, or a smart phone. The relay station 3 can be selected as a relay station by the control device 1 from among devices having a configuration capable of the non-regenerative relay. When a connection request is generated from the terminal station 4, the control device 1 can select one or more relay stations 3 located within a range of the cell provided by the base station 2, and transmit an instruction to perform the non-regenerative relay of wireless communication to each relay station 3. The relay station 3 that has received the instruction operates as the relay station 3 selected by the control device 1.
The relay station 3 includes at least one (one or more) antenna, a wireless device 31 corresponding to each antenna, and a control circuit 32 (an example of a “controller”), like the base station 2. In the example illustrated in
The terminal station 4 is, for example, a mobile station such as a smart phone, a tablet terminal, a wearable terminal, or an in-vehicle data communication device. However, the terminal station 4 is not limited thereto, and may be a stationary terminal device. For example, the terminal device connects to the wireless access network within the range of the cell provided by the base station 2.
The terminal station 4 includes one antenna (for example, #0), a wireless device 41 connected to the antenna, and a control circuit 42. For example, the mobile station in the cell requests the base station 2 to connect the mobile station to the wireless access network, and is connected to the wireless access network, so that the mobile station operates as the terminal station 4. A mobile station within the cell may directly request the base station 2 to connect the mobile station to the wireless access network.
Alternatively, the mobile station within the cell may request the base station 2 to connect the mobile station to the wireless access network via a device operating as a relay station 3 within the cell. The terminal station 4 can be said to be a station capable of communicating with the base station 2 via any of one or more relay stations 3 or not via any of the one or more relay stations 3.
The central base station 2A includes a control circuit 22A. Further, the distributed base station 2B includes a wireless device 21B corresponding to antennas #0 and #1. The control circuit 22A of the central base station 2A and the wireless device 21B of the distributed base station 2B are connected by, for example, an optical fiber Cl or a wireless network. A topology of the optical fiber Cl connecting the central base station 2A and the plurality of distributed base stations 2B is not limited to a specific topology. For example, the topology of the optical fiber Cl may be a one-to-one connection between nodes, a network branching as a distance from the central base station 2A increases, a star network, a ring network, or the like. Further, when the control circuit 22A of the central base station 2A and the wireless device 21B of the distributed base station 2B are connected by the wireless network, a standard and protocol of the adopted wireless network are not limited to specific ones.
The control circuit 22A includes a processor and a memory, like the control circuit 22 of
The following configuration is adopted as a premise for the communication systems 100A and 100B. In the communication systems 100A and 100B, communication according to time division multiplexing is performed, and the same frequency channel is used for uplink and downlink. In addition, start timings of slots each constituting a radio frame are synchronized between the base station 2, the relay station 3, and the terminal station 4.
In the communication systems 100A and 100B, a block transmission scheme with a cyclic prefix (CP) such as Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) is adopted as a radio modulation scheme. Although a case in which CP-OFDM is applied will be described in the present embodiment, a block transmission scheme with CP other than CP-OFDM may also be used. In addition, the relay station 3 shares resource block information that is used in the uplink and the downlink by the terminal station 4 that is a relay target.
The uplink is a link in a direction from the terminal station 4 to the base station 2. The downlink is a link in a direction from the base station 2 to the terminal station 4. The following description illustrates a case in which the non-regenerative relay is performed in a downlink direction. That is, for the transmission station, the base station 2 corresponds to the “transmission station” and the terminal station 4 corresponds to the “reception station”. However, the non-regenerative relay performed by the relay station 3 in the embodiment may also be applied to communication in an uplink direction.
The relay station 3 assigns a delay to a relay signal, that is, a signal that is non-regeneratively relayed to the terminal station 4 (the second radio signal). The relay station 3 calculates a timing at which the relay signal is caused to arrive at the terminal station 4. The relay station 3 calculates a delay time to be assigned, on the basis of propagation characteristics of radio waves between the base station 2 and the relay station 3, propagation characteristics of radio waves between the relay station 3 and the terminal station 4, and signal processing time in the relay station 3 so that the relay signal transmitted from each antenna (antennas #0 and #1) reaches the terminal station 4 at a desired timing. The propagation characteristics of radio waves include, for example, propagation delay, spread of delay, and amount of phase rotation. However, information included in the propagation characteristics of radio waves is not limited thereto. The propagation delay is a time taken for a signal to reach a reception side device after the signal is transmitted from a transmission side device. The spread of the delay is a time taken for reception of a signal to be completed after the signal starts to reach the reception side device.
Here, a power difference between the transmission signal and the reception signal is, for example, about 100 dB. On the other hand, isolation of the circulator 314 is on the order of 30 dB, and a part of the transmission signal interferes with the reception signal. Interference between the part of the transmission signal and the reception signal in the wireless device 31 is called self-interference. The self-interference is curbed by use of both of a radio frequency (RF) analog filter in the receiver 312 and an FIR filter 315 in the baseband circuit 313.
The receiver 312 receives a reception signal (for example, a radio signal from the base station 2) from the antenna (#0) via the circulator 314. The receiver 312 includes a quadrature detection circuit and an analog-to-digital (AD) converter. The receiver 312 down-converts the reception signal through quadrature detection, and converts the signal into digital data using the AD converter to obtain a baseband signal. The receiver 312 outputs the obtained baseband signal to the baseband circuit 313.
The baseband circuit 313 is a digital circuit including the FIR filter 315. The baseband signal as a reception signal is input to the FIR filter 315. The FIR filter 315 curbs a self-interfering transmission signal mixed in the baseband signal and delays the baseband signal by a predetermined delay time. The baseband circuit 313 inputs an output signal of the FIR filter 315 (a signal filtered by the FIR filter 315) to the transmitter 311.
The transmitter 311 includes a digital-to-analog (DA) converter and a modulation circuit. The transmitter 311 converts the reception signal from the baseband circuit 313 into an analog signal to generate an RF signal using the modulation circuit. The transmitter 311 transmits the RF signal as a relay signal from the antenna (#0) via the circulator 314.
The control circuit 32 can be configured of, for example, a processor such as a CPU, an integrated circuit such as an FPGA, or a combination thereof. The control circuit 32 controls non-regenerative relay processing. More specifically, the control circuit 32 can measure propagation characteristics of the propagation path, and notifies the control device 1 of measurement results or sets the delay time (corresponding to the delay amount) for the FIR filter 315. Further, the control circuit 32 can calculate a weight for curbing the self-interference and set the weight in the FIR filter 315. The control circuit 32 is an example of a “controller (control unit)” of the “relay station”.
The tap T1 does not have the delay device D, and weights the input signal from the input terminal 316 with a weight w_(i,1) using the multiplier ML. The tap T2 delays the input signal with the delay device D (delay time τ_(D)) and weights the signal with weight w_(i,2) with the multiplier ML. The same applies to the tap T3 and subsequent taps. Therefore, at the tap TN_(D,i) at the last stage, a delay time τ_(D)×(N_(D,i)−1) is assigned to the input signal to the tap T1 (the input signal to the FIR filter 315), and a weight w_(i, N_(D,i)) is weighted. Signals processed by the respective taps (T1, T2, . . . , TN_(D,k)) are added by an adder AD and output from an output terminal 317. With the above configuration, the input signal to the FIR filter 315 is subjected to weighted average, an interference signal and noise other than the reception signal are removed, and only the delay time τ_(D)×(N_(D,i)−1) is delayed.
The number of taps N_(D,i) used by the FIR filter 315 and the weight w_(i), that is, w_(i, 1,) to w_(i, N_(D,i) are calculated by the control circuit 32. Details will be described below.
The CPU 11 executes the computer program developed in the main storage device 12 and provides processing of the control device 1. The main storage device 12 stores computer programs executed by the CPU 11, data processed by the CPU 11, and the like. The main storage device 12 is a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read only memory (ROM), or the like. Further, the external storage device 13 is used, for example, as a storage area that assists the main storage device 12, and stores computer programs executed by the CPU 11, data processed by the CPU 11, and the like. The external storage device 13 is a hard disk drive, a solid state drive (SSD), or the like. Further, a drive device of a removable storage medium may be connected to the control device 1. The removable storage medium is, for example, a Blu-ray disc, a digital versatile disc (DVD), a compact disc (CD), or a flash memory card.
The output device 14 is, for example, a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an electroluminescence panel. However, the output device 14 may include a speaker or other device that outputs sound. The operation device 15 is, for example, a touch panel in which a touch sensor is superimposed on a display. The communication device 16, for example, communicates with the base station 2 and an external network such as the Internet via an optical fiber. The communication device 16 is, for example, a gateway that communicates with a gateway connected to the base station 2 and the external network such as the Internet. The communication device 16 may be one device or may be a combination of a plurality of devices. A hardware configuration of the control device 1 is not limited to configuration illustrated in
In the relay station 3-1, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time Δ_(0) assigned to the antenna #0 of the relay station 3-1. The FIR filter 315 included in the relay station 3-1 performs processing of each of removal of the self-interference (SI) and assignment of the delay time Δ_(0) on a baseband signal obtained by conversion of a radio signal (first radio signal) received by the antenna #0 of the relay station 3-1 and outputs a processed signal. An output signal of the FIR filter 315 is converted into a radio signal (second radio signal) and radiated from the antenna #0 of the relay station 3-1.
In the relay station 3-2, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time Δ_(1) assigned to the antenna #0 included in the relay station 3-2. The delay time Δ_(1) has a different value from the delay time Δ_(0). The FIR filter 315 included in the relay station 3-2 performs processing of each of removal of the self-interference (SI) and assignment of the delay time Δ_(1) on a baseband signal obtained by conversion of a radio signal (first radio signal) received by the antenna #0 of the relay station 3-2 and outputs a processed signal. The output signal of the FIR filter 315 is converted into a radio signal (second radio signal) and radiated from the antenna #0 of the relay station 3-2.
In CP-OFDM, radio signals reaching the reception station between a beginning of the slot and the lapse of a cyclic prefix (CP) time, that is, a time length of CP (CP length=5 μsec) are normally combined to contribute to improvement of the diversity gain. Therefore, in
“τ_(BS→R,0)” illustrated in
Further, “τ_(R,0)” illustrated in
Further, “τ_(UE→R,0)” illustrated in
Further, “δ_(0)” illustrated in
Further, “Δ_(max,0)” illustrated in
The propagation delay τ_(BS→R,i), the processing delay τ_(R,i), the propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i), δ_(i), and the maximum delay Δ_(max,i) can be measured and calculated by the control circuit 32 of the relay station #i. However, the measurement and calculation may be performed by a circuit outside the control circuit 32.
The control circuit 32 calculates delay times Δ_(i) different between the relay station 3-1(#0) and the relay station 3-2(#1) so that an inequality “Δ_(i)≤Δ_(max,i)” is satisfied, and sets Δ_(i) in the FIR filter 315. However, the delay time Δ_(i) is set in the FIR filter 315 in a state in which the delay time Δ_(i) is discretized by the delay time (τ_(D)) per tap of the FIR filter 315.
For example, the control circuit 32 can calculate the delay time Δ_(i) by using a calculation equation “Δ_(i)=i·Δ(max,i)/(N_(R)−1)” on the basis of a number of relay stations N_(R), which is the number of relay stations #i. In this case, when the number of relay stations N_(R)=2, the delay time Δ_(0) becomes 0 and the delay time Δ_(1) becomes Δ_(max,1), as illustrated in
In step S02, the control device 1 determines whether or not a condition for ending the relay permission is satisfied. When a determination is made that the condition is satisfied, the processing returns to step S01 and otherwise, the processing proceeds to step S03.
In step S03, the control device 1 performs end processing. For example, the control device 1 stops notifying a relay station group of the relay permission. Alternatively, the control device 1 transmits an instruction to end the relay to the relay station group. Thereafter, the control device 1 ends the processing. Thus, the non-regenerative relay in the relay station group is performed on the basis of the instruction (the relay permission) from the control device 1.
In step S001, the control circuit 32 uses a reference signal such as a control channel (control CH) transmitted from the terminal station 4 (UE) to the base station 2 (BS), which is received by the relay station 3, to measure the propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i) of the radio signal transmission path from the terminal station 4 to the relay station 3. When there are a plurality (two or more) of target terminal stations 4, the control circuit 32 determines a value serving as the maximum propagation delay to be τ_(UE→R,i).
In step S002, the control circuit 32 uses a reference signal such as a control CH transmitted from the base station 2 to the terminal station 4, which is received by the relay station 3, to measure the propagation delay τ_(BS→R,i) of the radio signal propagation path from the base station 2 to the relay station 3.
In step S003, the control circuit 32 uses a reference signal such as a control CH transmitted to the base station 2 by the relay station 3, which is received by the relay station 3, to measure coupling H_(SI,i) in the self-interference (SI) between the transmitter and the receiver.
In step S004, the control circuit 32 determines (calculates) a weight w_(i) of the FIR filter 315 for curbing self-interference on the basis of the coupling H_(SI,i).
In step S005, the control circuit 32 calculates the processing delay τ_(R,i) from the number of delay devices N_(D,i)−1 required for the weight and the delay time τ_(D) per tap. For example, the control circuit 32 calculates τ_(R,i) using a calculation equation “τ_(R,i)=(N_(D,i)−1)×τ_(D)”.
An order of processing from step S001 to step S005 is an example, and the order may be changed in any way.
In step S006, the control circuit 32 uses the allowable delay T_(CP), the propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i), the propagation delay τ_(BS→R,i), the processing delay τ_(R,i), and δ_(i) to calculate the maximum delay Δ_(max,i).
In step S007, the control circuit 32 determines which of method A and method B is to be executed as a delay time calculation method. When the control circuit 32 determines that the method A is executed, the processing proceeds to step S008, and when the control circuit 32 determines that the method B is executed, the processing proceeds to step S009.
In step S008, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time for the relay station #i (own relay station) using a calculation equation “Δ_i=i·Δ_(max,i)/(N_(R)−1)”. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S010.
In step S009, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time using a calculation equation “Δ_(i)=x_(i)·Δ_(max,i)”. In this case, x_(i) is calculated by giving a random variable following a uniform distribution (with a range of (0, 1)).
In step S010, the non-regenerative relay is performed. That is, the control circuit 32 sets the weight w_(i) and the delay time Δ_(i) in each FIR filter 315. In the wireless device 31 of the relay station #i, the receiver 312 converts the radio signal (the first radio signal) from the base station 2 (transmission station) received by the antenna #0 into a baseband signal and inputs the baseband signal to the FIR filter 315. The FIR filter 315 performs filtering based on the setting of the weight w_(i) and the delay times Δ_(i). The output signal of the FIR filter 315 is input to the transmitter 311. The transmitter 311 converts the input signal into a radio signal (the second radio signal) directed to the terminal station 4. The second radio signal is radiated (transmitted) from the antenna #0. The processing is performed for each slot of the downlink of the radio frame. However, the processing can be performed on each slot of the uplink. The above-described processing is executed in each relay station 3 (for example, the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2) constituting the relay station group, so that the second radio signal having a different delay time is transmitted from each relay station 3 to the terminal station 4.
In step S011, the control circuit 32 determines whether or not a relay permission notification continues, that is, determines whether or not the non-regenerative relay processing ends. In this case, when a determination is made that the non-regenerative relay processing ends, processing of
Next, a communication system according to a second embodiment will be described. Since the second embodiment has points in common with the first embodiment, differences will be mainly described, and description of the common points will be omitted. In the second embodiment, a case in which each relay station (the relay station #i) constituting a relay station group performs non-regenerative relay using two or more antennas #k will be described. k indicates the number of the antenna in the relay station #i.
The control circuit 32 performs the same processing as in the first embodiment. However, the control circuit 32 according to the second embodiment calculates the delay time corresponding to each antenna (each of antennas #0 and #1), and sets the delay time in each of the FIR filter 315 (corresponding to antenna #0) of the wireless device 3110, and the FIR filter 315 (corresponding to the antenna #1) of the wireless device 31 #1.
In the relay station 3-1, the control circuit 32 calculates a delay time Δ_(i,k) assigned to each of the antennas #0 and #1 included in the relay station 3-1, that is, Δ_(0,0) and Δ_(0,1). In the relay station 3-1, the FIR filter 315 corresponding to the antenna #k (0 or 1) performs processing of each of removal of the self-interference (SI) and assignment of a delay time Δ_(0,k) on the baseband signal obtained through conversion of the radio signal (the first radio signal) received by the antenna #k, and outputs a signal after processing. The output signal of the FIR filter 315 is converted into a radio signal (second radio signal) and radiated from the antenna #k of the relay station 3-1.
In the relay station 3-2, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time Δ_(i,k) to be assigned to each of the antennas #0 and #1 included in the relay station 3-2, that is, Δ_(1,0) and Δ_(1,1). In the relay station 3-2, the FIR filter 315 corresponding to the antenna #k (0 or 1) performs processing of each of removal of the self-interference (SI) and assignment of a delay time Δ_(1,k) on the baseband signal obtained through conversion of the radio signal (the first radio signal) received by the antenna #k, and outputs a signal after processing. The output signal of the FIR filter 315 is converted into a radio signal (second radio signal) and radiated from the antenna #k of the relay station 3-2.
Calculation of delay times Δ_(0,0) and Δ_(0,1) performed by the relay station 3-1, and the calculation of delay times Δ_(1,0) and Δ_(1,1) performed by the relay station 3-1 are performed for each radio frame or for each slot constituting the radio frame.
The relay stations 3-1 and 3-2, that is, the relay station #i acquires a propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i,k), a propagation delay τ(BS→R,i,k), a processing delay τ_(R,i,k), and δ_(i) through measurement or calculation regarding the antenna #k included in the own station. For a measurement or calculation scheme, the same scheme as in the first embodiment can be applied. Each relay station uses a number of i and k assigned to its own station in the calculation.
The relay stations 3-1 and 3-2, that is, the relay station #i uses the acquired propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i,k), a propagation delay τ(BS→R,i,k), a processing delay τ_ Using (R,i,k), and δ_(i) to calculate the maximum delay Δ_(max,i,k). That is, the relay station 3-1(#0) calculates maximum delays Δ_(max,0,0) and Δ_(max,0,1), and the relay station 3-2(#1) calculates maximum delays Δ_(max,1,0) and Δ_(max,1,1).
The maximum delay Δ_(max,i,k) is calculated, for example, by using a calculation “Δ_(max,i,k)=T_(CP)−(τ_(UE→R,i,k)+τ_(R,i,k)+τ_(BS→R,i,k)+5 (i))”.
The delay time Δ_(i,k) for each antenna in each relay station can be obtained, for example, using method A and method B below.
(Method A) The relay station #i (0≤i<N_(R)) can obtain a maximum delay Δ_(max,i,k) by using a calculation equation “Δ_(i,k)=(I+k)·Δ_(max,i,k)/(N_(R)−2+N_(ANT,i))” using the number of relay stations N_(R) and the number of antennas N_(ANT), for antenna #k (0≤k<N_(ANT,i)).
(Method B) Δ_(i,k)=x(i,k)·Δ_(max,i,k) is defined, and x(i,k) is calculated by giving a random variable that follows a uniform distribution.
In
A propagation delay τ_(BS→R,i,k), a processing delay τ_(R,i,k), a propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i,k), δ_(i), and a maximum delay Δ_(max,i,k) can be measured and calculated by the control circuit 32 of the relay station #i. However, the measurement and calculation may be performed by a circuit other than the control circuit 32.
The control circuit 32 calculates a delay time Δ_(i,k) different between the relay station 3-1(#0) and the relay station 3-2(#1) and between the antennas of the respective relay stations so that an inequality “Δ_(i,k) Δ_(max,i,k)” is satisfied, and sets Δ_(i,k) in the FIR filter 315 corresponding to the antenna #k. However, the delay time Δ_(i,k) is set in the FIR filter 315 in a state in which the delay time Δ_(i,k) has been discretized by the delay time (τ_(D)) per tap included in the FIR filter 315.
The FIR filter 315 assigns a delay to the input baseband signal. However, as illustrated in
Since the processing in the control device 1 in the second embodiment is the same as the processing of S01 to S03 illustrated in
In step S101, the control circuit 32 measures the propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i,k) of the transmission path of the radio signal from the terminal station 4 to the relay station 3. When there are a plurality of target terminal stations 4, the control circuit 32 determines a value serving as the maximum propagation delay as τ_(UE→R,i,k).
In step S102, the control circuit 32 measures the propagation delay τ_(BS→R,i,k) of the radio signal propagation path from the base station 2 to the relay station 3.
In step S103, the coupling H_(SI,i,k) in self-interference (SI) is measured.
In step S104, the control circuit 32 determines the weight w_(i,k) of the FIR filter 315 for curbing self-interference on the basis of the coupling H_(SI,i,k).
In step S105, the control circuit 32 calculates the processing delay τ_(R,i,k) from the number of delay devices N_(D,i,k)−1 required for the weight and the delay time τ_(D) per tap. An order of processing from step S101 to step S105 is an example, and the order may be changed in any way.
In step S106, the control circuit 32 uses the allowable delay T_(CP), the propagation delay τ_(UE→R,i,k), the propagation delay τ_(BS→R,i,k), the processing delay τ_(R,i,k), and δ_(i) to calculate the maximum delay Δ_(max,i,k) for each relay station and antenna.
In step S107, the control circuit 32 determines which of method A and method B is to be executed as a method of calculating the delay time. When a determination is made that the method A is to be executed, the processing proceeds to step S008, and when a determination is made that the method B is to be executed, the processing proceeds to step S009.
In step S108, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time for the relay station #i (the own relay station) by using a calculation equation “Δ_i,k=(i+k)·Δ_(max,i,k)/(N_(R)−2+N_(ANT,i))”. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S010.
In step S109, the control circuit 32 calculates the delay time by using a calculation equation “Δ_(i,k)=x_(i,k)·Δ_(max,i,k)”. In this case, x_(i,k) is calculated by giving a random variable following a uniform distribution (with a range of (0, 1)).
In step S110, non-regenerative relay is performed. That is, the control circuit 32 sets the weight w_(i,k) and the delay time Δ_(i,k) in the FIR filters 315 corresponding to the antennas #0 and #1 of its own station. In each wireless device 31 of each relay station, the first radio signal received by antennas #0 and #1 is converted into a baseband signal, assigned a delay by the corresponding FIR filter 315, converted into the second radio signal, and transmitted to the terminal station 4 from the antennas #0 and #1.
In step S111, the control circuit 32 determines whether or not the relay permission notification continues, that is, whether or not the non-regenerative relay processing ends. In this case, when a determination is made that the non-regenerative relay processing ends, the processing of
Next, a communication system according to a third embodiment will be described. Since the third embodiment has points in common with the first or second embodiment, differences will be mainly described, and description of the common points will be omitted. In the third embodiment, a case in which each relay station (the relay station #i) constituting the relay station group acquires (receives) the delay time Δ_(i) or Δ_(i,k) from the control device 1, and sets the delay time in the FIR filter 315 will be described.
In step S202, the control circuit 32 sets the weight determined in step S201 and the delay time acquired from the control device 1, in the FIR filter 315. Thereafter, the relay station performs the non-regenerative relay processing described in the first and second embodiments.
Since the processing of step S03 is the same as step S011 in the first embodiment and step S111 in the second embodiment, description thereof will be omitted. Each relay station may measure or calculate the propagation delay between the terminal station and the relay station, the propagation delay between the base station and the relay station, the processing delay, and the value of 5 described in the first or second embodiment, and transmit these to the control device 1. In this case, the control device 1 may obtain an estimated value of the delay time on the basis of these parameters and include the estimated value in the delay amount information to be transmitted to each relay station.
The communication system 100A or 100B in the first to third embodiments includes a relay station (for example, the relay station 3-1) that operates as a first relay station, and can execute non-regenerative relay for the first radio signal transmitted from a transmission station (for example, the base station 2 or the distributed base station) to a reception station (for example, the terminal station 4) having one antenna, together with one or two or more second relay stations (for example, the relay station 3-2). The relay station 3-1 includes at least one antenna (antenna #0), a wireless device 31 corresponding to the antenna #0, and a controller (control circuit 32) that controls an operation of the wireless device 31. The wireless device 31 includes a receiver 312 that converts the first radio signal received by the antenna #0 into a baseband signal, an FIR filter 315 that assigns a delay to the baseband signal, and a transmitter 311 that converts a signal output from the FIR filter 315 into a second radio signal that is transmitted from the antenna #0 to the reception station (terminal station 4). The control circuit 32 sets a delay time in the FIR filter 315 of the wireless device 31 so that the second radio signal transmitted from each antenna #0 included in the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2 have delays different between the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2.
In the communication system 100A or 100B, it is possible to cause the second radio signals transmitted from the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2 to have the delay diversity, and for the terminal station 4 to obtain a suitable diversity effect. When transmission diversity is applied to the first radio signal from the base station 2 or the distributed base station 2B, a correlation with the first radio signal is degraded due to the delay of the second radio signal, and thus, it is possible to obtain a suitable diversity gain in the terminal station 4. It is possible to improve the SIR and SINR of the reception signal in the reception station by a suitable diversity effect or diversity gain being obtained.
In the communication system 100A or 100B, each of the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2 may include two or more antennas (antennas #0 and #1) and two or more wireless devices (3110 and 31 #2) corresponding to the two or more antennas (second embodiment). In this case, the controller (control circuit 32) included in each of the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2 sets a delay time in the FIR filter 315 included in each of the radio devices 3110 and 31 #2 of each relay station so that the second radio signal transmitted from each of the antennas #0 and #1 included in each of the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2 has delays different between the relay stations and the antennas included in the relay stations. In such a case, the reception station can obtain a suitable diversity effect, as in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, although the number of antennas in each of the relay stations 3-1 and 3-2 is two, the number of antennas may be different between the relay stations.
In the first and second embodiments, the control circuit 32 (controller) can use a first propagation delay (τ_(UE→R,i) or τ_(UE→R,i,k)) that is a propagation delay in the radio signal propagation path from the reception station to the relay station 3, the second propagation delay (τ_(BS→R,i) or τ_(BS, R,i,k)) that is a propagation delay in the radio signal propagation path from the transmission station to the relay station 3, and a signal processing delay (τ_(R,i) or τ_(R,i,k)) in the relay station 3 to obtain the maximum delay (Δ_(max,i) or Δ_(max,i,k)). It is possible to calculate the delay time that each FIR filter 315 assigns to each of the plurality of antennas within a range in which the maximum delay is not exceeded.
In this case, the control circuit 32 (controller) can calculate a maximum delay in which at least the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the processing delay have been subtracted from a cyclic prefix time (CP time, that is, T_(CP)) used for communication with the transmission station and the reception station by the relay station 3. Further, as illustrated in a maximum delay calculation equation, the value of 5 may be further subtracted.
The control circuit 32 (controller) may calculate a delay time to be set in the FIR filter 315 included in each of the two or more wireless device 31 so that a transmission timing of the second radio signal arrives at equal intervals, with respect to each of the two or more antennas (antennas #0 and #1).
Further, the control circuit 32 (controller) may randomly calculate the delay time to be set in each FIR filter 315 included in the plurality of wireless devices 31.
Further, the control circuit 32 (controller) in the embodiment performs weighting (setting of the weight w_(i) or weight w_(i,k)) for the FIR filter 315 so that self-interference related to reception of the first radio signal and transmission of the second radio signal is curbed. This makes it possible to assign a delay and curb the self-interference.
Further, as illustrated in the third embodiment, each relay station 3 may acquire the delay time to be set in each FIR filter 315 from the control device 1.
Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment will be described. Since the fourth embodiment has a configuration in common with the first embodiment, differences will be mainly described. A system configuration of the fourth embodiment can provide the same configuration as the first embodiment (see
Hereinafter, differences between the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment will be described.
The control circuit 32 of the relay station 3-1 determines whether or not a signal to be relayed can be relayed, on the basis of the delay time T_(0), the processing delay τ_(R,0) in the relay station 3-1, and measurement results of the propagation delay τ_(UE→R,0). In this case, the control circuit 32 does not transmit the signal when a transmission timing of the signal from the relay station 3 is a timing at which the terminal station 4 cannot appropriately demodulate and decode the signal received from the relay station 3. On the other hand, when the signal transmission timing is a timing at which the terminal station 4 can appropriately demodulate and decode the reception signal, the control circuit 32 sets the delay time Δ_(i) according to the relay start time T_(i) in the FIR filter 315. That is, as illustrated in
In
In
In step S004A, the control circuit 32 of the relay station #i determines the weight w_(i) for curbing the self-interference, as in step S004 (
In step S005A, the control circuit 32 of the relay station #i transmits a propagation delay τ(UE→R,i) measured in step S001 and the processing delay τ_(R,i) calculated in step S005 to the base station 2.
In step S301 of
In step S302, the control circuit 22 of the base station 2 measures a propagation delay τ_(UE→BS) from the reference signal transmitted from the terminal station 4.
In step S303, the control circuit 22 of the base station 2 measures a propagation delay τ_(R→BS,i) between the relay station #i and the base station 2 from a reference signal used for notification of a measured value from the relay station #i. An order of steps S301 to S303 can be appropriately changed.
In step S304, the control circuit 22 calculates the relay start time T_(i) in the relay station #i. The relay start time T_(i) is obtained from a maximum propagation delay in the relay station #i, that is, a maximum value T_(R,max)=max(τ_(BS→UE, τ_(R→BS,i)) of the propagation delay τ_(R→BS,i) and the propagation delay T_(UE→BS), and a maximum processing delay T_(R) in the relay station #i. For example, the following calculation equation is used for calculation of the relay start time T_(i). Calculation equation: Relay start time T_(i)=T_(R,max)+τ_(R)+(i−1)·(T_(CP)−T_(R,max)−τ_(R)−δ)/N_(R). Here, “δ” is a measurement deviation margin, and “N_(R)” is the number of antennas.
In step S305, the control circuit 22 calculates a minimum start time of the relay in the relay station #i T_(R (min),i)=τ_(R→BS,i)+τ_(R,i), and an arrival time T_(UE,i)=T_(i)+τ_(UE→R,i) at a relay destination of a signal relayed by the relay station #i. When T_(R (min),i) T_(i) and τ_(UE→R,i)≤T_(CP), the control circuit 22 notifies (transmits) the relay station #i of T_(i). When the above condition is not satisfied in step S305, T_(i) is not notified.
In step S006A in
In step S006B, when the reception OK is determined, the processing proceeds to step S007A and otherwise (when the reception NG is determined), the processing proceeds to step S011. In this case, no signal relay is performed.
In step S007A, the control circuit 32 sets the delay time Δ_(i) corresponding to T_(i) in the FIR filter 315, and performs non-regenerative relay (step S008A). Since the processing of steps S007A and S008A is the same as the processing of step S010 (
Thus, in the fourth embodiment, the control circuit 22 of the base station 2 calculates the relay start time T_(i) for each the relay station #i and notifies (transmits) the relay station 3 of the relay start time T_(i). The control circuit 32 of the relay station 3 uses T_(i) calculated by the base station 2 to set the delay time Δ_(i) and perform the non-regenerative relay. Accordingly, the terminal station 4 can appropriately receive the signal relayed from the relay station #i (3-1 and 3-2), so that the diversity effect in the terminal station 4 is improved.
A configuration in which one of the processing of step S305 and the processing of step S006B is selectively executed may be employed. Moreover, the configuration of the fourth embodiment can also be applied to a configuration in a case in which the relay station 3 has a plurality of antennas (the second embodiment).
The configuration of the fourth embodiment can be applied to a configuration in which the base station 2 transmits parameters for calculation of the relay start time T_(i) to the control device 1 on the network, and the control device 1 calculates the relay start time T_(i).
In the processing of the control device 1 in
In step S01A, the control device 1 receives parameters for calculation of T_(i) from the base station 2. In step S01B, the control device 1 uses the parameters to calculate T_(i). In step S01C, the control device 1 notifies the relay station 3#i of T_(i) when the condition described for step S105 is satisfied. Step S01B is the same processing as step S304 in the fourth embodiment, and step S01C is the same processing as step S305 in the fourth embodiment.
Since the processing of steps S01, S02, and S03 in
In
As illustrated in the fourth embodiment, the relay station #i may acquire information indicating the relay start time T_(i) calculated in the base station 2 communicating with the relay station #i or the control device 1 of the relay station #i. The relay station #i can set a delay amount (delay time) according to T_(i) in the FIR filter 315. In other words, the relay station #i may set, in the FIR filter 315, a delay amount (Δ_(i)) based on the information (T_(i)) indicating the relay start time calculated in the base station 2 communicating with the relay station #i or the control device 1 of the relay station 3 #i.
The above embodiments are examples and the disclosure may be implemented with appropriate changes to the extent that the gist is not departed from. The processing and means described in the present disclosure may be freely combined and used as long as technical inconsistency is not generated.
A processing step which was described based on the assumption that one device executes that step may be shared by a plurality of devices. Further, a processing step which was described based on the assumption that difference devices execute that step may be executed by one device. In the computer system, a kind of hardware configuration (server configuration) that implements each function may be freely changed.
The present disclosure may also be implemented by supplying a computer program storing the functions described in the above embodiment to a computer, and one or more processors included in the computer reading and executing the program. This computer program may be provided to the computer by a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that can be connected to the system bus of the computer, or may be provided to the computer via a network. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is an arbitrary type of disk, such as a magnetic disk (e.g. Floppy® disk, hard disk drive (HDD)) and an optical disk (e.g. CD-ROM, DVD disk, Blu-ray disk), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an EPROM, an EEPROM, a magnetic card, a flash memory, an optical card, and an arbitrary type of medium suitable for storing electronic instructions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-128187 | Aug 2022 | JP | national |
| 2022-155314 | Sep 2022 | JP | national |
