Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a web handling apparatus and a method of controlling or regulating the amount of air emitted or discharged from one or more nozzles in a housing.
Web handling apparatus such as dryers for running webs usually include a closed housing forming one or more drying chambers or zones having a plurality of spaced nozzles, the nozzles usually arranged in an upper and lower array with a web running between them. The traveling web enters the housing through a narrow entrance slot, is acted on by gas (e.g., air) ejected from each of the nozzles, and then exits the housing through a discharge slot. The working air is usually supplied from an outside source or sources, is heated and is then supplied to the nozzles via headers, and the nozzles eject the air into the dryer chamber(s).
In web coating, printing and drying operations, it is often desirable that the web have contactless support, in order to avoid damage to the web itself or to the wet coating (such as ink) previously applied to one or more surfaces of the web. One conventional arrangement for contactlessly supporting a web during drying includes the aforementioned horizontal upper and lower sets of nozzles or air bars in a dryer between which the web travels. Hot air issuing from the air bars both dries and supports the web as it travels through the dryer. The dryer housing can be maintained at a slightly sub-atmospheric pressure by an exhaust blower or the like that draws off the moisture or other volatiles emanating from the web as a result of the drying of the water, coating or ink thereon, for example.
Manufacturers often produce products of varying width that require drying inside the dryer housing. Drying is a high energy use process and reducing the heated air flow inside the dryer for narrow width products may offer a quality improvement to the product and/or reduce energy use for the process by reducing the total heated air flow inside the dryer. However, accessing the interior of the dryer to modify the internals in an effort to optimize energy consumption is difficult and time-consuming. It also requires shutting down the dryer, which results in unnecessary downtime and production inefficiencies.
It therefore would be desirable to provide varying nozzle widths in a web handling apparatus housing without having to access the housing interior. It also would be desirable to do so while the unit continues to operate; e.g., “on the fly” without having to shut the unit down or temporarily pause operation, as well as providing safe operation of the unit.
Problems of the prior art have been overcome by the embodiments disclosed herein, which include a seal member for a nozzle or an air bar, that is configured and can be positioned to block at least a portion of the flow of air (or gas) exiting or discharged from the nozzle or air bar into the interior of a housing such as a dryer or the like.
One embodiment of the invention comprises a web handling apparatus comprising a housing; at least one nozzle in said housing, said at least one nozzle having a discharge opening for discharging air; and at least one seal member movable between a first position where said seal member blocks a first region of said discharge opening in said at least one nozzle and a second position where said seal member does not block said discharge opening in said at least one nozzle.
Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of controlling the air emitted from a nozzle in a housing, comprising: (a.) providing a housing defining a chamber; (b.) providing a source of air; (c.) providing at least one nozzle in said housing in fluid communication with said source of air, said at least one nozzle having a discharge opening for discharging air into said chamber; (d.) providing a seal member in said housing; and (e.) moving said seal member into position with respect to said nozzle to block a portion of said air discharged through said discharge opening.
In certain embodiments, each seal member can be actuated externally of the housing interior, i.e., without requiring physical access to the housing interior, to move it into air flow blocking relation with a nozzle, and to move it out of air flow blocking relation with a nozzle. In certain embodiments, each seal member can be actuated while the apparatus remains in an operating mode. The seal member(s) and actuators can be retrofitted into existing apparatus.
Also disclosed is a method of controlling or regulating the amount of air emitted or discharged from one or more nozzles in a housing by blocking air flow discharged from the one or more nozzles with a seal member.
Sealing unneeded regions of nozzle discharge openings, to accommodate webs of smaller widths, for example, can lower system air volume requirements and operating costs.
These and other non-limiting aspects and/or objects of the disclosure are more particularly described below. For a better understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and description forming a part of this disclosure.
The invention may take form in various components and arrangements of components, and in various process operations and arrangements of process operations. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present examples relate upon reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
A more complete understanding of the components, processes and apparatuses disclosed herein can be obtained by reference to the accompanying drawings. These figures are merely schematic representations based on convenience and the ease of demonstrating the present disclosure, and are, therefore, not intended to indicate relative size and dimensions of the devices or components thereof and/or to define or limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.
Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to the particular structure of the embodiments selected for illustration in the drawings, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the disclosure. In the drawings and the following description below, it is to be understood that like numeric designations refer to components of like function.
The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
As used in the specification, various devices and parts may be described as “comprising” other components. The terms “comprise(s),” “include(s),” “having,” “has,” “can,” “contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that do not preclude the possibility of additional components.
All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the recited endpoint and independently combinable (for example, the range of “from 2 inches to 10 inches” is inclusive of the endpoints, 2 inches and 10 inches, and all the intermediate values).
As used herein, approximating language may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that may vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about” and “substantially,” may not be limited to the precise value specified, in some cases. The modifier “about” should also be considered as disclosing the range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. For example, the expression from about 2 to about 4″ also discloses the range “from 2 to 4.”
It should be noted that many of the terms used herein are relative terms. For example, the terms “upper” and “lower” are relative to each other in location, i.e. an upper component is located at a higher elevation than a lower component, and should not be construed as requiring a particular orientation or location of the structure.
The terms “top” and “bottom” are relative to an absolute reference, i.e. the surface of the earth. Put another way, a top location is always located at a higher elevation than a bottom location, toward the surface of the earth.
The terms “horizontal” and “vertical” are used to indicate direction relative to an absolute reference, i.e. ground level. However, these terms should not be construed to require structures to be absolutely parallel or absolutely perpendicular to each other.
Although the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to any particular nozzle design, in certain embodiments the nozzle(s) may be flotation nozzle(s) which exhibit the Coanda effect such as the HI-FLOAT® air bar commercially available from MEGTEC Systems, Inc. (also known as Babcock & Wilcox MEGTEC), which exhibit high heat transfer and excellent flotation characteristics. Standard 1× HI-FLOAT® air bars are characterized by a spacing between slots of 2.5 inches; a slot width of 0.070 to 0.075 inches, usually 0.0725 inches; an installed pitch of 10 inches; and a web-to-air bar clearance of ⅛ inch. Air bar size can be larger or smaller. For example, air bars ½, 1.5, 2 and 4 times the standard size can be used. Air bars 2 times the standard size are characterized by a slot distance of 5 inches and slot widths of 0.140 to 0.145 inches (available commercially as “2× air bars” from MEGTEC Systems, Inc. (also known as Babcock & Wilcox MEGTEC). In general, the greater distance between the slots results in a larger air pressure pad between the air bar and the web, which allows for increasing the air bar spacing. Another suitable flotation nozzle that can be used is the Tri-Flotation air bar disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,449, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In a typical dryer configuration with such Coanda flotation nozzles, upper and lower opposing nozzle arrays are provided, with each nozzle in the lower array (except for an end nozzle) positioned between two nozzles in the upper array; i.e., the upper and lower nozzles are staggered with respect to each other.
Suitable nozzles also include direct impingement nozzles, such as direct impingement nozzles having a plurality of apertures, such as a hole-array bar, or direct impingement nozzles having one or more slots, which provide a higher heat transfer coefficient for a given air volume and nozzle velocity than a flotation nozzle. As between the hole-array bar and the slot bar, the former provides a higher heat transfer coefficient for a given air volume at equal nozzle velocities. Although maximum heat transfer is obviously a goal of any dryer system, other considerations such as air volume, nozzle velocity, air horsepower, proper web flotation, dryer size, web line speed, etc., influence the extent to which optimum heat transfer can be achieved, and thus the appropriate design of the direct impingement nozzle. In certain embodiments, the top surface of the direct impingement nozzle may be crown shaped, approaching a central apex at about a 5 degree angle. This design encourages the return air to flow over the edges of the nozzle after impingement on the web. The angle of the crown can vary from about 0 degrees to about 10 degrees. In general, the closer the nozzle is to the web, the larger the angle of the crown.
In certain embodiments, one or more nozzles 20 is an elongated member having one or more discharge openings 21 for emitting air (see
Turning now to
As shown in
In certain embodiments, the seal member 30 is a metal plate, such as stainless steel, and includes a bottom region 31 that can be reinforced such as by folding the plate against itself, as best seen in
The length of each blocking finger 32, 33, 34, 35 is a function of the extent of the air flow blockage of the nozzle discharge opening 21 desired. This depends in part on the width of the web travelling through the dryer housing 10, and thus how much discharge opening area is desired for floating and/or drying the web. For example, in certain embodiments where the overall nozzle length is 57 inches, each seal member 30, 30′ can block up to 6 inches of the nozzle discharge opening 21 at each end of the nozzle 20. Accordingly, in this example, each seal member 30, 30′ can be positioned to block anywhere from 0 to 6 inches of discharge opening in each nozzle by partially or fully retracting each seal member from its fully closed position (
In certain embodiments, one or more actuator rods 40 are coupled to the seal member 30, such as by welding. Similarly, one or more actuator rods 40′ are connected to seal member 30′, such as by welding. In the embodiments shown in
Turning now to
Turning back to
In certain embodiments, manual actuation of the actuators 15a-15n results in linear translation of the respective seal members 30, 30′ associated with the actuators, thereby controlling or regulating the extent of air flow blockage from one or more nozzles, and thus the extent of air flow discharged from non-blocked regions of the nozzle(s). Webs of different widths can be easily accommodated by the dryer without requiring access to the dryer interior or ceasing drying operations. The web width can be a known parameter to the operator, or can be sensed with suitable sensors in the dryer or upstream of the dryer.
Certain nozzle assemblies in dryers have height-varying provisions, whereby the assemblies can be retracted by suitable retraction actuation devices, such as actuators 11, 12 (as shown in
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects, embodiments, modifications and alterations will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting. It is intended that the present disclosure be construed as including all such aspects, embodiments, modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/146,227 filed Apr. 10, 2015 and titled “Remote Nozzle Deckle System”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if it was fully set forth herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62146227 | Apr 2015 | US |