Patent Grant
7921915
The field of this invention is downhole systems that allow injection of fluids into the formation and/or production and more specifically valve systems that can balance flows over a zone or multiple zones with the added features of being adjustable while downhole, prevent intrusion of formation sand on down cycles and removable without pulling the string out of the hole.
Injection is a process of sending water or steam, for example, into a well bore to stimulate production in an adjacent well bore. In some well bores multiple zones may be present which present problems of metering the desired quantities of injected fluids into the individual zones from a single tubing or casing string. Injection can require high pressures and flow rates, which means it generally involves high fluid velocities. High fluid velocities are detrimental to equipment such as valves through which the injected material is pumped. Some procedures take production after injection from the same well. In some instances, a gravel pack or other sand control means is used to prevent formation material from filling the well bore should injection be stopped or curtailed, or the well bore placed into a production mode.
Injection has in the past been performed through injection valves, some of which are also known as chokes. These valves were in the past made integral to the bottom hole assembly. If they wore out the string had to be pulled to get them out. Some were mounted into side pocket mandrels. The problem with side pocket mandrels was that additional space was needed in the well to get the side pocket mandrel into the wellbore and that, in turn, required the use of a smaller valve and higher pump capacity at the surface to get the desired flow rates through a smaller valve. Additionally, the characteristics of the formation had to be anticipated when the string was made up so that the layout of several valves that were designed to balance the flow into the formation for injection or in the reverse direction, had to be fixed during string makeup. One alternative to this was to use a series of valves that could be manipulated from the surface through one or more control lines that ran to each valve. The problem with this approach was cost of the various control systems and lack of space in the well for all the control lines that were needed to be able to independently control each valve in attempting to match flow resistance at the valves to formation characteristics to get uniform flow in either direction to or from the surface string. One approach to balancing inflow from the formation, when using many screen sections, was to put a flow resistor together with each screen section when assembling the screen assemblies. Here again, the formation characteristics had to be anticipated so that greater resistance could be disposed where greater flows were expected. The resistance path was a spiral path and U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,794 illustrates that design and several alternatives. Screen sections have come with base pipe ports that could be opened or closed in a variety of ways. These systems were interested in opening or closing a screen segment to start or stop production from a given interval in a zone rather than to be used in balancing flow in a zone. These systems were integral to the bottom hole assembly with some having only open and closed capability while others could hold intermediate positions. Some examples of this approach are U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,371,210; 7,096,945; 7,055,598; 6,481,494 and 6,978,840. U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,871 shows a chemical injection valve with a bypass feature.
What is needed and not provided in the prior designs is a valve assembly that can be run in and secured through the string at a desired location. The valve can be adjusted between fully open and closed while secured without the use of control lines running outside the string. The valve can accommodate injection service and can come with a sand control feature to do double duty for injection and production. Position changes between open and closed and insertion and removal can be accomplished by wireline so that flow balancing can be quickly reconfigured to adapt to variable well conditions. These and other features of the present invention will be more apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the description of the preferred embodiment and the associated drawings while recognizing that the claims define the full scope of the invention.
One or more valves can be run into a string to land near associated ports in the string for injection or/and production service. When multiple valves are installed they can be initially configured to balance flow into or from a zone. The position of each valve can be altered without removal from the string preferably by a wireline shifting tool. One or more valves can also be removed and replaced when worn preferably using a wireline run tool. The valves can come with an integral sand control feature to facilitate production. Sensors to monitor well conditions and to transmit data to the surface can also be incorporated into the valve module.
One purpose of associating a valve assembly 14 with a port 12 in a zone in the wellbore is to try to balance flow among the ports 12 regardless of the direction through those ports. When in the
Apart from the passage 16 that allows flow to go further down or up in the tubular 10 so that, for example in injection mode, the injection fluid can reach the other ports 12 in the tubular 10 there is also in the valve 14 one or more wall passages such as 32 and 34 each preferably with multiple outlets such as 36 and 38 that can be selectively aligned with a port 12 or totally misaligned for the closed position shown in
Those skilled in the art can now appreciate that the system described has advantages. Flow distribution in injection or production mode need not be correctly guessed when the string is assembled. The flow resistance profile of a collection of valves 14 can be changed without removing them from the string 10. This can be done without control lines from the surface and one preferred way to make this change quickly is to insert a tool on wireline or slickline and reconfigure the flow regime through one or more valves 14. If any of the valves 14 wear out from effects of flowing fluid, the string 10 doesn't have to be pulled. Instead only the valves 14 above the one in question can be pulled to allow access to remove the one that needs replacing. The valves 14 are capable of service in injection with flow coming down from the surface to the valves 14 and out into the formation. Depending on the application and the amount of solids expected during production, the valves 14 can not only evenly distribute incoming production fluids into the string 10 but they also may provide sand control of the balanced production stream. As another option, the ports 12 can be covered with a screen 44 that can be prepacked or gravel packed with preferably coarser gravel with larger interstitial spacing so as to take the load off filter segments such as 40 and 42. The valves 14 can be put in different positions by moving them relative to the string 10 or moving internal components while leaving the housing stationary so as to select an open or closed position or one or more positions in between. Well data can be collected through sensors in the valve 14 and stored for later retrieval or for surface transmission in real time or periodically such as by lowering a sonde for capturing the stored data. The valves 14 need not be inserted in side pocket mandrels although that option is still possible. Any tubing string with ports 12 and some engagement profile adjacent each port for landing a valve 14 or moving it among its various positions with respect to a port 12 or to change its resistance to flow can be used. Dummy valves with no openings can be inserted to close of a portion of the interval.
The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiment and many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention whose scope is to be determined from the literal and equivalent scope of the claims below.
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