Patent Grant
10323701
To date, many navigation devices have been sold to assist people to navigate a route between two locations. While such devices have proved to be very useful, their navigation presentations often are very stale and lack an elegant design that maximizes the data provided to the user during a presentation. As such, the presentations that these devices provide their users can, at times, lead to the users being confused and in some cases getting lost during the navigation presentations.
Some embodiments of the invention provide a navigation application that presents road signs during a navigation presentation. Such road signs provide some context for the navigation instructions, and help the user associate the instructions during navigation with the area that the user is navigating in the real world.
In some embodiments, the application differentiates the appearance of road signs at junctions that require a change of direction from road signs at junctions that do not require a change of direction. Also, in some embodiments, the application performs processes that ensure that it arranges the road signs on the map in an aesthetically pleasing manner. In addition, the navigation application of some embodiments does not display too many road signs along the navigated route so that the route is not by occluded by too many road signs.
To select the road signs for display, the navigation application in some embodiments categorizes the roads into multiple tiers. For instance, in some embodiments, the application categorizes all roads on the navigated route as tier 1, all roads that intersect or overlap with the navigated route as tier 2, all roads that intersect the tier 2 roads as tier 3, and all other roads as tier 4. The navigation application of other embodiments defines the road tiers differently. For example, the application in some embodiments categorizes roads that intersect the above mentioned tier 2 roads differently based on the distance of these roads to the navigated route, and/or based on the time it would take for the device to reach these roads from the navigated route. Accordingly, these embodiments categorize (1) all roads on the navigated route as tier 1, (2) all roads that intersect or overlap with the navigated route as tier 2, (3) roads that intersect the tier 2 roads as tier 3 when these roads are within a threshold distance of the navigated route and/or when these roads can be reached from the navigated route within a threshold time, (4) roads that intersect the tier 2 roads as tier 4 when these roads are not within a threshold distance of the navigated route and/or when these roads cannot be reached from the navigated route within a threshold time, and (5) all other roads as tier 5 roads. Still other embodiments use other mechanisms to categorize roads and/or have other number of tiers.
After categorizing the roads into several tiers, the application performs processes that ensure that it does not place too many road signs on or nearby the navigated route and that it places these road signs on the route in an aesthetically pleasing manner. Different embodiments perform these tasks differently. For instance, in some embodiments, the application uses a predetermined or user-defined maximum and minimum numbers of road signs that can appear in the device view at any given time. Based on these numbers and based on a preference for the lower tier roads, the application then identifies the roads for which it should show road signs. When there are too many tiers 1 and 2 road signs, the application in some embodiments gives a preference to road signs that are closer to the current location of the user and relate to the direction of travel of the user.
Several more detailed embodiments of the invention are provided below. Many of these examples refer to controls (e.g., selectable items) that are part of the navigation application. Also, in several of the examples below (such as those illustrated in
The preceding Summary is intended to serve as a brief introduction to some embodiments as described herein. It is not meant to be an introduction or overview of all subject matter disclosed in this document. The Detailed Description that follows and the Drawings that are referred to in the Detailed Description will further describe the embodiments described in the Summary as well as other embodiments. Accordingly, to understand all the embodiments described by this document, a full review of the Summary, Detailed Description and the Drawings is needed. Moreover, the claimed subject matters are not to be limited by the illustrative details in the Summary, Detailed Description and the Drawing, but rather are to be defined by the appended claims, because the claimed subject matters can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the subject matters.
The novel features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, for purposes of explanation, several embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following figures.
In the following detailed description of the invention, numerous details, examples, and embodiments of the invention are set forth and described. However, it will be clear and apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth and that the invention may be practiced without some of the specific details and examples discussed.
Some embodiments of the invention provide a navigation application that presents road signs during a navigation presentation. Such road signs provide some context for the navigation instructions, and help the user associate the instructions during navigation with the area that the user is navigating in the real world.
The first stage 105 shows a first portion of the navigation presentation that displays two intersecting roads 115 and 120. The first road 115 is a road along the navigated route, as indicated by a graphical object 130 (which is a colored puck in this example), a first color line 124 that trails this object 130, a second color line 126 that leads this object, and a banner 135 that specifies the direction and remaining distance of travel along the first road. The second road 120 is a road that is not along the navigated route, but intersects the first road 115 along this route.
A road is “along” a navigate route when the device has to traverse along that road in the direction of travel along that road. Hence, the second road 120 is not a road along the navigated route because the puck 130 is never supposed to travel along this road in the direction of travel of this road. If the device has to re-specify the navigated route (e.g., in response to the user making an incorrect turn along the previous navigated route), a road that was not along the previously specified navigated route might end up along the newly specified navigate route.
The first stage 105 also shows two road signs 122 and 125 for these two roads 115 and 120. Both road signs are presented by the application as vertically standing objects in the 3D perspective navigation scene that the application is presenting. This vertical appearance is meant to simulate vertically standing road signs in the real world that the user passes along the navigated route. In some embodiments, the application augments the realistic look of such road signs by generating and displaying shadows for these road signs in the 3D scene, and/or by making the appearance of these road signs similar or identical to their appearance or expected appearance in the real world. Also, in some embodiments, the road signs are not made to look perfectly vertical in the 3D scene, but rather are made to look practically vertical, e.g., to be within a particular angle (e.g., 0 to 45 degrees) of such a vertical alignment.
The first stage 105 further shows that the application in some embodiments differentiates the appearance of road signs at junctions along the navigated route that require a change of direction from road signs at junctions along the route that do not require a change of direction. Specifically, in this example, the first and second road signs are presented in different colors because the first road sign 122 is for a road along the navigated route, while the second road sign 125 is for a road that intersects the navigated route but is not along the navigated route. While
The second stage 110 shows a different portion of the navigation presentation. In this portion, two new roads 150 and 155 are intersecting the first road 115. The road 150 is a road along the navigated route, as indicated (1) by the road sign 160 having the same color as the road sign 122 for the first road 115 that the puck 130 is currently traversing, and (2) by the second color line 126 that leads this object through the road 150, and (3) by a banner 170 that specifies the right turn from the road 115 onto the road 150. The road 155 is a road that is not along the navigated route, but intersects the first road 115 along this route.
The second stage 110 also shows three road signs 122, 160 and 165 for these three roads 115, 150 and 155. As before, each of these road signs is presented by the application as vertically standing objects in the 3D perspective navigation scene that the application is presenting. However, while the first and second road signs 122 and 160 have the same color appearance, the third road sign 165 at this stage has a different color appearance to signify that it is a sign for a road that is not along the navigated route.
In addition to differentiating the appearance of road signs at junctions along the route from road signs at junctions not along the navigated route, the application of some embodiments performs operations to ensure that it arranges the road signs on the map in an aesthetically pleasing manner, and to ensure that it does not display too many road signs along the navigated route so as not to occlude the route with too many road signs. To ensure that it does not display too many road signs, the application in some embodiments performs a categorization operation that ranks the roads into tiers.
After identifying the map view for generation, the process identifies (at 210) the roads in this map view and categorizes these roads into tiers. As mentioned below, the navigation application in some embodiments categorizes the roads into tiers in order to select the road signs for display. In some embodiments, the process categorizes all roads on the navigated route as tier 1, all roads that intersect or overlap with the navigated route as tier 2, all roads that intersect the tier 2 roads as tier 3, and all other roads as tier 4. The process 200 in other embodiments defines the road tiers differently. For example, the process in some embodiments categorizes roads that intersect the above mentioned tier 2 roads differently based on the distance of these roads to the navigated route, and/or based on the time it would take for the device to reach these roads from the navigated route. Accordingly, these embodiments categorize (1) all roads on the navigated route as tier 1, (2) all roads that intersect or overlap with the navigated route as tier 2, (3) roads that intersect the tier 2 roads as tier 3 when these roads are within a threshold distance of the navigated route and/or when these roads can be reached from the navigated route within a threshold time, (4) roads that intersect the tier 2 roads as tier 4 when these roads are not within a threshold distance of the navigated route and/or when these roads cannot be reached from the navigated route within a threshold time, and (5) all other roads as tier 5 roads. Still other embodiments use other mechanisms to categorize roads and/or have other number of tiers.
After categorizing the roads into several tiers, the process specifies (at 215) road signs along the navigation route for junctions where the user has to make a maneuver to stay on the navigation route. In some embodiments, the process might not specify road signs for all such junctions if there are more than a predetermined or user-specified number of such signs visible in the current map view, as too many such signs might occlude the map view too much. In such case, the process in some embodiments provides a preference for road signs for maneuver junctions that are closer to the current position of the user.
Next, at 220, the process identifies other junctions or nearby streets along the route that should have road signs based on the road tiers that it identified at 210. In some embodiments, the process performs this operation by ensuring that it does not place too many road signs on or nearby the navigated route. Different embodiments perform these tasks differently. For instance, in some embodiments, the process uses a predetermined or user-defined maximum and minimum numbers of road signs that can appear in the view at any given time. Based on these numbers and based on a preference for the lower tier roads, the application then identifies the roads and/or junctions for which it should show road signs. As mentioned above, the application in some embodiments gives a preference to road signs that are closer to the current location of the user and relate to the direction of travel of the user, when there are too many road signs of the same category and the process needs to use this category of road signs.
At 220, the process also specifies a road sign for each of the junctions and/or streets that it identifies at 220. The process in some embodiments differentiates the appearance of these road signs from the road signs along the route that it specified at 215. Also, in addition to differentiating signs for tier 1 roads from other tiered roads, the process in some embodiments differentiates the appearance of signs of other tiered roads from each other, e.g., differentiate signs for tier 2 roads form tier 3 roads. Other embodiments, however, do not do this because having more than two different types of road signs might be distracting in the navigation presentation.
At 220, the process further specifies a location for each road sign identified at 215 and 220, to display the road sign. In some embodiments, the process defines (at 220) places for these road signs along the route in order to enhance the aesthetic distribution and appearance of these road signs. The process performs this task of distributing the road signs differently in different embodiments. In some embodiments, the process starts from the direction of travel of the user along the navigation route, iterates through the succeeding identified road signs for display, and if possible places each road sign in each iteration on a different side of the navigated route, in order to distribute evenly the road signs about the navigated route as much as possible.
After 220, the process supplies (at 225) the road signs that it defined at 215 and 220 to one or more modules responsible for defining the description of these signs for rendering. This description is then used to render the navigation presentation for the current map view to include the road signs, other roads and other constructs in the map view.
Next, at 230, the process determines whether the navigation presentation should display a new view of the map. This is the case when the device is moving to a new location for which a new portion of the navigation presentation has to be generated. If the view has changed, the process returns to 210 to repeat operations 210-225 for this view. Otherwise, the process determines (at 235) whether the navigation has ended. If not, the process returns to 230. Otherwise, the process ends.
Many more examples of presenting road signs are described below. However, before describing these examples, an exemplary navigation application will now be described in section I. Section II then describes several example considerations that can factor into how the navigation application of some embodiments generates the road signs will now be described. Section III then describes an example process for labeling a navigation presentation. Section IV then describes electronic devices that employ the navigation application of some embodiments. Section V lastly describes location services used by some embodiments of the invention.
I. Navigation Application
Several more detailed examples of dynamically presenting road signs are described below. However, before describing these examples, an exemplary navigation application will now be described by reference to
A. User Interface
The navigation application of some embodiments is part of an integrated mapping application that includes several useful modalities, including location browsing, map searching, route identifying and route navigating operations. This integrated application (referred to below as the mapping application, the navigation application or the integrated application) in some embodiments identifies the location of the device using the coordinates in the GPS signal that the device receives at the location of the device. Alternatively or conjunctively, the mapping application uses other methods (e.g., cell tower triangulation) to compute the current location.
The mapping application of some embodiments is defined to be executed by a device that has a touch-sensitive screen that displays the output of the application. In some embodiments, this device has a multi-touch interface for allowing a user to provide touch and gestural inputs through the screen to interact with the application. Examples of such devices are smartphones (e.g., iPhone® sold by Apple Inc., phones operating the Android® operating system, phones operating the Windows 8® operating system, etc.).
The second stage 310 shows the device after the mapping application has opened. As shown in this stage, the mapping application's UI has a starting page that in some embodiments (1) displays a map of the current location of the device, and (2) several UI controls arranged in a top bar 340, and as floating controls. As shown in
In some embodiments, a user can initiate a search by tapping in the search field 365. This directs the application to present an animation that (1) presents an on-screen keyboard and (2) opens a search table full of invaluable completions. This table has some important subtleties. When the search field is tapped and before the terms are edited, or when the search field is empty, the table contains a list of “recents,” which in some embodiments are recent searches and route directions that the user has requested. This makes it very easy to quickly bring up recently accessed results.
After any edit in the search field, the table is filled with search completions both from local sources (e.g., bookmarks, contacts, recent searches, recent route directions, etc.) and from remote servers. The incorporation of the user's contact card into the search interface adds additional flexibility to the design. When showing recents, a route from current location to the user's home is always offered in some embodiments, while it is offered in the contexts that are deemed to be “appropriate” in other embodiments. Also, when the search term is a prefix of an address label (e.g. ‘Wo’ for ‘Work’), the application presents the user's labeled address as a completion in the search table in some embodiments. Together, these behaviors make the search UI a very powerful way to get results onto a map from a variety of sources. In addition to allowing a user to initiate a search, the presence of the text field in the primary map view in some embodiments also allows users to see the query corresponding to search results on the map and to remove those search results by clearing the query.
The bookmark control 370 (e.g., button) allows locations and routes to be bookmarked by the application. The position indicator 345 allows the current position of the device to be specifically noted on the map. Once this indicator is selected once, the application maintains the current position of the device in the center of the map. In some embodiments, it can also identify the direction to which the device currently points.
The 3D control 350 is a control for viewing a map or inspecting a route in three dimensions (3D). The mapping application provides the 3D control as a quick mechanism of getting into and out of 3D. This control also serves as (1) an indicator that the current view is a 3D view, and (2) an indicator that a 3D perspective is available for a given map view (e.g., a map view that is zoomed out might not have a 3D view available).
The page curl control 355 is a control that allows the application to minimize the number of on-screen controls, by placing certain less frequently used actions in a secondary UI screen that is accessible through the “page curl” control that is displayed on the map. In some embodiments, the page curl is permanently displayed on at least some of the map views that the application provides. For instance, in some embodiments, the application displays the page curl permanently on the starting page (illustrated in second stage 310) that it provides for allowing a user to browse or search a location or to identify a route.
The direction control 360 opens a direction entry page 380 through which a user can request a route to be identified between a starting location and an ending location. The third stage 315 of
The fourth stage 317 shows that the direction entry page 380 includes starting and ending fields for providing starting and ending locations for a route, and a table that lists recent routes that the application has provided to the user. Other controls on this page are controls for starting a route, for reversing the order of the start and end locations, for canceling the direction request, for picking walking, auto, or public transit routes. These controls and other aspects of the mapping application are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/699,851, entitled “Voice Instructions During Navigation”, filed Sep. 11, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference. These controls and other aspects of the mapping application are also described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/632,121, entitled “Context-Aware Voice Guidance”; this concurrently filed U.S. Patent Application is incorporated herein by reference.
The fourth stage 317 illustrates the user selecting one of the recent directions that was auto-populated in the table 382. The fifth stage 319 then shows three routes on a 2D map view between the specified start and end locations specified through the page 380. It also shows the selection of the second route and some information about this route in a bar at the top of the layout. This bar is shown to include start and end buttons 386 and 388. The start button 386 is shown to be selected in the fifth stage 319.
As shown by the sixth stage 321, the selection of the start button directs the application to enter a turn-by-turn navigation mode (e.g., starts the navigation presentation). In this example, the application has entered a 2D turn-by-turn navigation mode. In other embodiments, the application will enter by default into a 3D turn-by-turn navigation mode. In this mode, the application displays a realistic sign 384 that identifies the distance to the next juncture maneuver in the navigated route and some other pertinent information. The application also displays a top bar that includes some information about the navigation as well as End and Overview buttons, for respectively ending the navigation and obtaining an overview of the remaining portion of the navigated route or the entire portion of the navigated route in other embodiments.
The application further displays the floating 3D control and the floating list control, which were described above. It should be noted that the list control was adaptively added to the floating control cluster upon entering the route inspection and route navigation modalities, while the position indicator was removed from the floating control upon entering the route navigation modality. Also, upon transition from the route inspection mode to the route navigation mode, the application performs an animation in some embodiments that involves the page curl uncurling completely before the application transitions into the navigation presentation.
In some embodiments, the animation transition includes removing the top bar, its associated controls and the floating controls from the navigation presentation, and moving the sign 384 to the top edge of the presentation a short time period after starting the navigation presentation. As further described below, the application requires the user to tap on the navigated map to bring back the top bar, its controls and the floating controls, and requires another tap to remove these controls again from the map, in some embodiments. Other embodiments provide other mechanisms for viewing and removing these controls.
B. 2D and 3D Navigation
The navigation application of some embodiments can display a navigation presentation in either a 2D mode or a 3D mode. As mentioned above, one of the floating controls is the 3D control 350 that allows a user to view a navigation presentation in three dimensions (3D).
The second stage 410 illustrates the navigation presentation in the midst of its transition into a 3D presentation. As shown in this figure, the 3D control appears highlighted at this stage to indicate that the navigation presentation has entered a 3D mode. As mentioned above, the navigation application generates the 3D view of the navigated map in some embodiments by rendering the map view from a particular position in the three dimensional scene that can be conceptually thought of as the position of a virtual camera that is capturing the map view. This rendering will be further described below by reference to
The third stage 415 then illustrates the navigation presentation at the end of its transition into its 3D appearance. As shown by the difference between the heights of the buildings in the second and third stages, the transition from 2D to 3D navigation in some embodiments includes an animation that shows three-dimensional objects in the navigated map becoming larger.
The third stage 415 illustrates the user selecting the navigation presentation. As shown in the fourth stage 420, the selection resulted in the navigation application entering a full-screen mode. In this mode, the top bar 340 and the floating controls, including 3D control 350, are not shown. As such, the application displays the 3D map of the current location without obscuring with different user interface items. Here, the user can reselect the navigation presentation to exit the full-screen mode.
C. Road Signs in 2D and 3D Views
The navigation application of some embodiments is capable of displaying navigation maps from multiple perspectives. The application can show a navigation presentation in three dimensions (3D) or in two dimensions (2D). In some embodiments, the application presents road signs in the 3D presentation and the 2D presentation.
The first stage 501 shows the virtual camera 512 at a first position pointing downwards at an angle (e.g., a 30 degree angle) towards the 3D scene 510. By rendering the 3D scene from the position and angle shown in stage 501 the application generates the 3D map view 518. From this position, the camera is pointing at a location that is a moving position in front of the device. The virtual camera 512 is kept behind the current location of the device. “Behind the current location” in this case means backward along the navigation application's defined path in the opposite direction from the current direction that the device is moving in.
The navigation map view 518 looks as though it was shot by a camera from above and behind the device's location indicator 516. The location and angle of the virtual camera places the location indicator 516 near the bottom of the navigation map view 518. This also results in the majority of the screen being filled with the streets and buildings ahead of the present location of the device. In contrast, in some embodiments, the location indicator 516 (which is a colored puck in this example) is in the center of the screen, with half of the screen representing things ahead of the device and the other half representing things behind the device.
The second stage 502 shows the virtual camera 522 at a different position, pointing downwards towards the scene 520 at a larger second angle (e.g., −45°). The application renders the scene 520 from this angle, resulting in the 3D navigation map view 528. The buildings and the roads are smaller than their illustration in the first navigation map view 518. Once again, the virtual camera 522 is above and behind the location indicator 526 in the scene 520. This again results in the location identifier appearing in the lower part of the 3D map view 528. The location and orientation of the camera also result again in the majority of the screen displaying things ahead of the car, which is what someone navigating needs to know.
In the first two stages 501 and 502, the 3D navigation scenes display several road signs 540 and 542. The road sign 540 is for a road along the navigated route, while the road sign 542 is for a maneuver junction that is closest to the current position of the user. The current position is indicated by the graphical object 130 (which is a colored puck in this example).
The road signs 540 and 542 are presented by the navigation application as vertically standing objects in the 3D perspective navigation scenes. This vertical appearance is meant to simulate vertically standing road signs in the real world that the user passes along the navigated route. In some embodiments, the application augments the realistic look of such road signs by generating and displaying shadows for these road signs in the 3D scene, and/or by making the appearance of these road signs similar or identical to their appearance or expected appearance in the real world. Also, in some embodiments, the road signs are not made to look perfectly vertical in the 3D scene, but rather are made to look practically vertical, e.g., to be within a particular angle (e.g., 0 to 45 degrees) of such a vertical alignment.
When rendering a 3D presentation, the navigation application of some embodiments takes into account buildings and other constructs in a 3D presentation when dynamically presenting road signs. For example, the road sign 542 is positioned such that it is not hidden behind the building 544 or 546. The application may also eliminate road signs that might not be fully visible in a 3D presentation.
The third stage 503 shows the virtual camera 512 at a top-down view that looks downwards on a location on a 2D map that corresponds to the location in the 3D map scene 510 that was used to render the 3D views 518 and 528. The scene that is rendered from this perspective is the 2D map view 538. Unlike the 3D rendering operations of the first and second stages that in some embodiments are perspective 3D rendering operations, the rendering operation in the third stage is relatively simple as it only needs to crop a portion of the 2D map that is identified by a zoom level specified by the application or the user. Accordingly, the virtual camera characterization in this situation somewhat unnecessarily complicates the description of the operation of the application as cropping a portion of a 2D map is not a perspective rendering operation.
Different from the first two stages 501 and 502, the third stage 503 illustrates that the 2D view 538 shows additional road signs 548, 552, and 556. These road signs are not shown in the 3D map views (518 and 528) because the 2D view 538 shows a larger mapped area. In the example illustrated in the third stage 501, the road signs 540 and 542 retains their appearances from the 3D view. However, the road signs are shown as flat labels and not as vertically standing objects. In some embodiments, the navigation application does not change the appearance of road signs when switching from a 3D presentation to a 2D presentation, or vice versa. For example, the road signs 540 and 542 may appear as vertically standing objects or flat labels in both the 2D and 3D presentations.
The preceding example was described with reference to a virtual camera. In some embodiments, the virtual camera can be made to move by changing the zoom level for viewing the map after the map enters a 3D mode, as further described below. In some of these embodiments, the application switches to a top-down mode (where the rendering position faces straight down) that produces 2D views when the zoom level reaches a particular zoom out level. As in the third stage 503, the mapping application in some embodiments switches from rendering a 3D scene from a particular perspective direction to cropping a 2D scene when the camera switches from the 3D perspective view to a 2D top-down view. This is because in these embodiments, the application is designed to use a simplified rendering operation that is easier and that does not generate unnecessary perspective artifacts. In other embodiments, however, the mapping application uses perspective rendering operations to render a 3D scene from a top-down virtual camera position. In these embodiments, the 2D map view that is generated is somewhat different from the map view 538 illustrated in the third stage 520, because any object that is away from the center of the view is distorted, with the distortions being greater the further the object's distance from the center of the view.
The virtual camera 512 moves along different trajectories in different embodiments as the zoom level changes for the map view. Two such trajectories 550 and 555 are illustrated in
While moving along one of the arcs, the camera rotates to maintain a point ahead of the location indicator at the focal point of the camera. In some embodiments, the user can turn off the three dimensional view and go with a purely two-dimensional view. For example, the applications of some embodiments allow a three dimensional mode to be turned on and off by use of a 3D button 560. The 3D button 560 is essential to turn-by-turn navigation feature, where it has a role as an indicator and toggle. When 3D is turned off, the camera will maintain a 2D navigation experience, but when 3D is turned on, there may still be some top-down perspectives when 3D viewing angles don't make sense (e.g., when going around a corner that would be obstructed in 3D mode).
II. Road Sign Considerations
An example process for dynamically presenting road signs will be described below. However, before describing the process, several example considerations that can factor into how the navigation application of some embodiments generates the road signs will now be described.
A. Utility
As mentioned above, the application of some embodiments shows road signs for utility purposes. Specifically, the road signs provide some context for the navigation instructions, and help the user associate the instructions during navigation with the area that the user is navigating in the real world.
The first stage 605 of the first presentation shows a first scene 625 of the first navigation presentation. The scene includes a road 635 that is along the navigated route, as indicated by a graphical object 130 (which is a colored puck in this example), a first color line 124 that trails this object, a second color line 126 that leads this object, and a banner 135. This presentation also includes several other roads that intersect the navigated route. These roads are non-maneuver junctions. No road signs are shown in this scene of the first navigation presentation.
The second stage 610 shows a second scene 630 of the first navigation presentation after the user has moved some distance towards the destination. However, there is very little context in relation to the current location of the user. The scene 630 is similar to the one shown in the previous stage 605. The scene shows the road 635 with several non-maneuver junctions that cross that road. Similar to the previous stage, no road signs are shown in the second scene. The main difference between the first and second stages 605 and 610 is that the banner 135 has been updated to state that the user is closer in distance to the next maneuver junction.
The first stage 615 of the second presentation shows a first scene 640 of the second navigation presentation. This scene 640 is identical to the first scene 625 of the first presentation. However, the scene 640 includes several road signs 650, 655, 660, and 665. The scene includes a road sign 665 for the road that is along the navigated route. The scene also includes road signs 650, 655, and 660 for roads that intersect the navigated route. These road signs provide some context in relation to the current location of the user. Providing such road signs can be useful as it allows the user to identify different roads along the route. By identifying such roads, the user can take a different route to move towards the same destination or to move towards another destination.
The second stage 620 of the second presentation shows a second scene 645 of the second navigation presentation. This scene is similar to the previous stage 615. However, the scene 645 includes one additional road sign 670 for a road that intersects the navigated route. In this example, the road sign 670 provides visual feedback to the user that he or she is moving along the route. This is different from the second stage 610 of the first presentation, which provides less visual feedback in relation to the movement of the user along the route.
In the example illustrated in the first and second stages 615 and 620 of the second presentation, the navigation application has identified different non-maneuver junctions along the route and presented road signs for those junctions. As mentioned above, the navigation application may also present road signs at junctions along the navigated route that require a change of direction. In some embodiments, the application differentiates the appearance of road signs at junctions along the navigated route that require a change of direction from road signs at junctions along the route that do not require a change of direction. For example, the application may display the different types of road sign using different colors. The different appearances of the road signs can be useful because they allow the application's user to distinguish important roads (e.g., maneuver junctions) from other less important roads (e.g., non-maneuver junctions).
B. Aesthetic Distribution of Road Signs
In some embodiments, the navigation application performs operations to ensure that it arranges road signs on a map in an aesthetically pleasing manner. These operations may entail evenly distributing the road signs about a navigated route as much as possible.
The scene 705 shows a road 715 along the navigated route and several other roads 720, 725, 730, 740, 745, and 785 that intersect that road. The scene also shows a road sign 780 for the road 715 along the navigated route, and road signs 750-775 for the roads that intersect the road 715. As the scene is rendered without taking into account road sign aesthetics, the road signs 750-775 are arranged on one side of the navigated route. Specifically, the right-hand side of the navigated route is cluttered with the road signs 750-775, while the left-hand side of the navigated route has no road signs.
The scene 710 illustrates how the same location appears when road sign aesthetics are taken into consideration. In factoring in the aesthetics of the presentation, the application has arranged the road signs such that they do not appear on one side of the navigated route. In this example, the road signs 750-775 alternate evenly between the left-hand and right-hand sides of the navigated route. In addition, the road sign 780 for the road along the navigated route is displayed as extending out towards the left-hand side of the navigated route so that it is not shown on the same side as the next road sign 775, which is on the right-hand side of the navigated route. In evenly distributing the road signs, the application of some embodiments starts from the direction of travel of the user along the navigated route, iterates through the succeeding identified road signs for display, and if possible places each road sign in each iteration on a different side of the navigated route.
In the previous example, the application of some embodiments alternates road signs for roads that intersect or overlap with the navigated route. In some embodiments, the navigation application arranges other nearby roads so that they appear as alternating between opposite sides of the navigated route. For instance, when there are a few or no intersecting or overlapping roads, the application may select several nearby roads based on their position with respect to the navigated route. The application may then show road signs for the selected roads as alternating evenly between the different sides of the navigated route.
C. Number of Road Signs
In some embodiments, the navigation application performs operations that ensure that it does not place too many or too few road signs in one view of a navigation presentation. As mentioned above, the application of some embodiments uses a predetermined or user-defined maximum and minimum numbers of road signs that can appear in the view at any given time. Based on these numbers, the application then identifies the roads for which it should show road signs.
As shown in
The scene 810 illustrates how the same location appears when the maximum number is taken into consideration. The scene 810 is not cluttered with road signs. The navigation application has selected several roads 875-895, and then dynamically presented road signs for only those selected roads. Specifically, the scene shows road sign 815, 865, and 870 for the roads 875, 885, and 880 that are along the navigated route. The scene also shows two road signs 825 and 855 for two roads 895 and 890 that intersect the navigated route.
In some embodiments, the navigation application categorizes different roads, and uses the categorization to select several roads. The application then displays road signs for only those selected roads. For example, when there are too many road signs, the application might display road signs for several important roads (e.g., for roads that are along a navigated route, for maneuver junctions) and not display road signs for less important roads (e.g., for non-maneuver junctions, for other nearby roads). Several examples of selectively presenting road signs will now be described below by reference to
1. Number of Intersecting/Overlapping Roads
As shown in
When there are a few intersecting or overlapping roads, the navigation application of some embodiments performs operations that ensure that it presents road signs for other nearby roads.
As shown in
The previous example illustrated a scenario where there are a few roads that intersect or overlap a navigated route. In some embodiments, the navigation application performs operations that ensure that it presents at least one or more road signs when there are no intersecting or overlapping roads. This can occur in a number of different scenarios. For instance, the application's user might be traveling down a long stretch of highway without a nearby exit, or traveling down a rural area with a few parallel roads and no intersecting or overlapping roads.
As shown in
D. Categorization
In several of the examples described above, the navigation application presents road signs for several selected roads. To perform the selection operations, the navigation application of some embodiments categorizes different types of roads into different tiers. Several different example categorization schemes will now be described by reference to
The navigation application of other embodiments defines the road tiers differently.
As shown in
E. Distance and Time
In some embodiments, the navigation application performs operations that ensure that it presents road signs for roads differently based on the distance of these roads to the navigated route, and/or based on the time it would take for the device to reach these roads from the navigated route. Several examples of such presentations will now be described by reference to
In the previous example, the navigation application has presented road signs 1225 and 1230 based on the distance of these roads 1215 and 1220 from the navigated route. However, as shown in
The preceding section described several example factors that the navigation application of some embodiments might consider when presenting road signs. For example, the application might consider the distance factor without the time factor. In some embodiments, the application considers other factors such as road classification (e.g., highway, small roads or local roads, arterials or major roads, freeways, collectors that collect traffic from local roads and distribute it to arterials, etc.). For instance, when there are a number of different junctions (e.g., non-maneuver junctions), the application may choose to present road signs for major roads or highways instead of smaller roads. In addition, the application may consider whether a particular road is connected to the navigated route.
III. Example Process for Labeling a Navigation Presentation
The previous section described several example considerations that can factor into how the navigation application of some embodiments labels a navigation presentation with road signs.
As shown in
Next, the process determines (at 1315) whether there are more than ten labels. If so, the process proceeds to 1370, which is described below. Otherwise, the process determines (at 1320) whether there are less than ten labels. When there are less than ten labels, the process labels (at 1325) tier 2 roads. In some embodiments, tier 2 roads are those that intersect or overlap the navigated route. Alternatively, tier 2 roads may not include any overlapping roads; or may include them as long as they are connected to the navigated route, or they can be reached within a certain amount of time. If the determination is made that there are ten labels, the process proceeds to 1365, which is described below.
After labeling tier 2 roads, the process determines (at 1330) whether there are more than ten labels. If so, the process proceeds to 1370, which is described below. Otherwise, the process determines (1335) whether there are less than five labels. When there are less than five labels, the process labels (at 1340) tier 3 roads. In some embodiments, a tier 3 road is a road that is one hop or two hops (e.g., turns, steps, maneuvers) from a tier 2 road. If the determination is made that there are five labels, the process proceeds to 1365, which is described below.
After labeling tier 3 roads, the process determines (at 1345) whether there are more than ten labels. If so, the process proceeds to 1370, which is described below. Otherwise, the process determines (at 1350) whether there are less than three labels. When there are less than three labels, the process labels (at 1355) tier 4 roads. In some embodiments, tier 4 roads include all other roads that may or may not be connected to the navigated route.
After labeling tier 4 roads, the process determines (at 1360) whether there are more than ten labels. When there are more than ten labels, the process performs (at 1370) a filtering operation. The process may use any one or more different filtering operations. One example filtering operation is to eliminate labels that are furthest from the direction of travel that is non-junction based. In some cases, such a filter operation can lead to road labels being cluttered in one area that is closer to the current location. Accordingly, the process might perform a combination of filtering operations so that road signs are not cluttered in one area. In some embodiments, the application considers other factors such as road classification (e.g., highway, small roads or local roads, arterials or major roads, freeways, collectors that collect traffic from local roads and distribute it to arterials, etc.). For instance, when there are a number of different junctions (e.g., non-maneuver junctions), the application may choose to present road signs for major roads or highways instead of smaller roads.
As shown in
The specific operations of the process 1300 may not be performed in the exact order shown and described. The specific operations may not be performed in one continuous series of operations, and different specific operations may be performed in different embodiments. For example, the numbers (i.e., ten, five, three) are threshold numbers that can be changed in various different ways. In addition, the process of some embodiments utilizes a different tier system (e.g., a three-tier system, a five-tier system). In such a case, the process may perform additional operations or fewer operations in presenting road signs. Furthermore, each of these process could be implemented using several sub-processes, or as part of a larger macro process.
IV. Electronic System
Many of the above-described features and applications are implemented as software processes that are specified as a set of instructions recorded on a computer readable storage medium (also referred to as computer readable medium). When these instructions are executed by one or more computational or processing unit(s) (e.g., one or more processors, cores of processors, or other processing units), they cause the processing unit(s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, random access memory (RAM) chips, hard drives, erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), etc. The computer readable media does not include carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or over wired connections.
In this specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, in some embodiments, multiple software inventions can be implemented as sub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct software inventions. In some embodiments, multiple software inventions can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that together implement a software invention described here is within the scope of the invention. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs.
A. Mobile Device
The mapping and navigation applications of some embodiments operate on mobile devices, such as smart phones (e.g., iPhones®) and tablets (e.g., iPads®).
The peripherals interface 1415 is coupled to various sensors and subsystems, including a camera subsystem 1420, a wireless communication subsystem(s) 1425, an audio subsystem 1430, an I/O subsystem 1435, etc. The peripherals interface 1415 enables communication between the processing units 1405 and various peripherals. For example, an orientation sensor 1445 (e.g., a gyroscope) and an acceleration sensor 1450 (e.g., an accelerometer) is coupled to the peripherals interface 1415 to facilitate orientation and acceleration functions.
The camera subsystem 1420 is coupled to one or more optical sensors 1440 (e.g., a charged coupled device (CCD) optical sensor, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor, etc.). The camera subsystem 1420 coupled with the optical sensors 1440 facilitates camera functions, such as image and/or video data capturing. The wireless communication subsystem 1425 serves to facilitate communication functions. In some embodiments, the wireless communication subsystem 1425 includes radio frequency receivers and transmitters, and optical receivers and transmitters (not shown in
The I/O subsystem 1435 involves the transfer between input/output peripheral devices, such as a display, a touch screen, etc., and the data bus of the processing units 1405 through the peripherals interface 1415. The I/O subsystem 1435 includes a touch-screen controller 1455 and other input controllers 1460 to facilitate the transfer between input/output peripheral devices and the data bus of the processing units 1405. As shown, the touch-screen controller 1455 is coupled to a touch screen 1465. The touch-screen controller 1455 detects contact and movement on the touch screen 1465 using any of multiple touch sensitivity technologies. The other input controllers 1460 are coupled to other input/control devices, such as one or more buttons. Some embodiments include a near-touch sensitive screen and a corresponding controller that can detect near-touch interactions instead of or in addition to touch interactions.
The memory interface 1410 is coupled to memory 1470. In some embodiments, the memory 1470 includes volatile memory (e.g., high-speed random access memory), non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory), a combination of volatile and non-volatile memory, and/or any other type of memory. As illustrated in
The memory 1470 also includes communication instructions 1474 to facilitate communicating with one or more additional devices; graphical user interface instructions 1476 to facilitate graphic user interface processing; image processing instructions 1478 to facilitate image-related processing and functions; input processing instructions 1480 to facilitate input-related (e.g., touch input) processes and functions; audio processing instructions 1482 to facilitate audio-related processes and functions; and camera instructions 1484 to facilitate camera-related processes and functions. The instructions described above are merely exemplary and the memory 1470 includes additional and/or other instructions in some embodiments. For instance, the memory for a smartphone may include phone instructions to facilitate phone-related processes and functions. Additionally, the memory may include instructions for a mapping and navigation application as well as other applications. The above-identified instructions need not be implemented as separate software programs or modules. Various functions of the mobile computing device can be implemented in hardware and/or in software, including in one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
While the components illustrated in
B. Computer System
The bus 1505 collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the electronic system 1500. For instance, the bus 1505 communicatively connects the processing unit(s) 1510 with the read-only memory 1530, the GPU 1515, the system memory 1520, and the permanent storage device 1535.
From these various memory units, the processing unit(s) 1510 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the invention. The processing unit(s) may be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different embodiments. Some instructions are passed to and executed by the GPU 1515. The GPU 1515 can offload various computations or complement the image processing provided by the processing unit(s) 1510.
The read-only-memory (ROM) 1530 stores static data and instructions that are needed by the processing unit(s) 1510 and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device 1535, on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system 1500 is off. Some embodiments of the invention use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive, integrated flash memory) as the permanent storage device 1535.
Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash memory device, etc., and its corresponding drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device 1535, the system memory 1520 is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device 1535, the system memory 1520 is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory 1520 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at runtime. In some embodiments, the invention's processes are stored in the system memory 1520, the permanent storage device 1535, and/or the read-only memory 1530. For example, the various memory units include instructions for processing multimedia clips in accordance with some embodiments. From these various memory units, the processing unit(s) 1510 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some embodiments.
The bus 1505 also connects to the input and output devices 1540 and 1545. The input devices 1540 enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. The input devices 1540 include alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices”), cameras (e.g., webcams), microphones or similar devices for receiving voice commands, etc. The output devices 1545 display images generated by the electronic system or otherwise output data. The output devices 1545 include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD), as well as speakers or similar audio output devices. Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that function as both input and output devices.
Finally, as shown in
Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media). Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM), recordable compact discs (CD-R), rewritable compact discs (CD-RW), read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM), a variety of recordable/rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic and/or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable Blu-Ray® discs, ultra density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.
While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, some embodiments are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. In addition, some embodiments execute software stored in programmable logic devices (PLDs), ROM, or RAM devices.
As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium,” “computer readable media,” and “machine readable medium” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.
V. Map Service Environment
Various embodiments may operate within a map service operating environment.
In some embodiments, a map service is implemented by one or more nodes in a distributed computing system. Each node may be assigned one or more services or components of a map service. Some nodes may be assigned the same map service or component of a map service. A load balancing node in some embodiments distributes access or requests to other nodes within a map service. In some embodiments a map service is implemented as a single system, such as a single server. Different modules or hardware devices within a server may implement one or more of the various services provided by a map service.
A map service in some embodiments provides map services by generating map service data in various formats. In some embodiments, one format of map service data is map image data. Map image data provides image data to a client device so that the client device may process the image data (e.g., rendering and/or displaying the image data as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional map). Map image data, whether in two or three dimensions, may specify one or more map tiles. A map tile may be a portion of a larger map image. Assembling together the map tiles of a map produces the original map. Tiles may be generated from map image data, routing or navigation data, or any other map service data. In some embodiments map tiles are raster-based map tiles, with tile sizes ranging from any size both larger and smaller than a commonly-used 256 pixel by 256 pixel tile. Raster-based map tiles may be encoded in any number of standard digital image representations including, but not limited to, Bitmap (.bmp), Graphics Interchange Format (.gif), Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg, .jpeg, etc.), Portable Networks Graphic (.png), or Tagged Image File Format (.tiff). In some embodiments, map tiles are vector-based map tiles, encoded using vector graphics, including, but not limited to, Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg) or a Drawing File (.drw). Some embodiments also include tiles with a combination of vector and raster data. Metadata or other information pertaining to the map tile may also be included within or along with a map tile, providing further map service data to a client device. In various embodiments, a map tile is encoded for transport utilizing various standards and/or protocols, some of which are described in examples below.
In various embodiments, map tiles may be constructed from image data of different resolutions depending on zoom level. For instance, for low zoom level (e.g., world or globe view), the resolution of map or image data need not be as high relative to the resolution at a high zoom level (e.g., city or street level). For example, when in a globe view, there may be no need to render street level artifacts as such objects would be so small as to be negligible in many cases.
A map service in some embodiments performs various techniques to analyze a map tile before encoding the tile for transport. This analysis may optimize map service performance for both client devices and a map service. In some embodiments, map tiles are analyzed for complexity, according to vector-based graphic techniques, and constructed utilizing complex and non-complex layers. Map tiles may also be analyzed for common image data or patterns that may be rendered as image textures and constructed by relying on image masks. In some embodiments, raster-based image data in a map tile contains certain mask values, which are associated with one or more textures. Some embodiments also analyze map tiles for specified features that may be associated with certain map styles that contain style identifiers.
Other map services generate map service data relying upon various data formats separate from a map tile in some embodiments. For instance, map services that provide location data may utilize data formats conforming to location service protocols, such as, but not limited to, Radio Resource Location services Protocol (RRLP), TIA 801 for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Radio Resource Control (RRC) position protocol, or LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP). Embodiments may also receive or request data from client devices identifying device capabilities or attributes (e.g., hardware specifications or operating system version) or communication capabilities (e.g., device communication bandwidth as determined by wireless signal strength or wire or wireless network type).
A map service may obtain map service data from internal or external sources. For example, satellite imagery used in map image data may be obtained from external services, or internal systems, storage devices, or nodes. Other examples may include, but are not limited to, GPS assistance servers, wireless network coverage databases, business or personal directories, weather data, government information (e.g., construction updates or road name changes), or traffic reports. Some embodiments of a map service may update map service data (e.g., wireless network coverage) for analyzing future requests from client devices.
Various embodiments of a map service may respond to client device requests for map services. These requests may be a request for a specific map or portion of a map. Some embodiments format requests for a map as requests for certain map tiles. In some embodiments, requests also supply the map service with starting locations (or current locations) and destination locations for a route calculation. A client device may also request map service rendering information, such as map textures or style sheets. In at least some embodiments, requests are also one of a series of requests implementing turn-by-turn navigation. Requests for other geographic data may include, but are not limited to, current location, wireless network coverage, weather, traffic information, or nearby points-of-interest.
A map service, in some embodiments, analyzes client device requests to optimize a device or map service operation. For instance, a map service may recognize that the location of a client device is in an area of poor communications (e.g., weak wireless signal) and send more map service data to supply a client device in the event of loss in communication or send instructions to utilize different client hardware (e.g., orientation sensors) or software (e.g., utilize wireless location services or Wi-Fi positioning instead of GPS-based services). In another example, a map service may analyze a client device request for vector-based map image data and determine that raster-based map data better optimizes the map image data according to the image's complexity. Embodiments of other map services may perform similar analysis on client device requests and as such the above examples are not intended to be limiting.
Various embodiments of client devices (e.g., client devices 1602a-1602c) are implemented on different portable-multifunction device types. Client devices 1602a-1602c utilize map service 1630 through various communication methods and protocols. In some embodiments, client devices 1602a-1602c obtain map service data from map service 1630. Client devices 1602a-1602c request or receive map service data. Client devices 1602a-1602c then process map service data (e.g., render and/or display the data) and may send the data to another software or hardware module on the device or to an external device or system.
A client device, according to some embodiments, implements techniques to render and/or display maps. These maps may be requested or received in various formats, such as map tiles described above. A client device may render a map in two-dimensional or three-dimensional views. Some embodiments of a client device display a rendered map and allow a user, system, or device providing input to manipulate a virtual camera in the map, changing the map display according to the virtual camera's position, orientation, and field-of-view. Various forms and input devices are implemented to manipulate a virtual camera. In some embodiments, touch input, through certain single or combination gestures (e.g., touch-and-hold or a swipe) manipulate the virtual camera. Other embodiments allow manipulation of the device's physical location to manipulate a virtual camera. For instance, a client device may be tilted up from its current position to manipulate the virtual camera to rotate up. In another example, a client device may be tilted forward from its current position to move the virtual camera forward. Other input devices to the client device may be implemented including, but not limited to, auditory input (e.g., spoken words), a physical keyboard, mouse, and/or a joystick.
Some embodiments provide various visual feedback to virtual camera manipulations, such as displaying an animation of possible virtual camera manipulations when transitioning from two-dimensional map views to three-dimensional map views. Some embodiments also allow input to select a map feature or object (e.g., a building) and highlight the object, producing a blur effect that maintains the virtual camera's perception of three-dimensional space.
In some embodiments, a client device implements a navigation system (e.g., turn-by-turn navigation). A navigation system provides directions or route information, which may be displayed to a user. Some embodiments of a client device request directions or a route calculation from a map service. A client device may receive map image data and route data from a map service. In some embodiments, a client device implements a turn-by-turn navigation system, which provides real-time route and direction information based upon location information and route information received from a map service and/or other location system, such as Global Positioning Satellite (GPS). A client device may display map image data that reflects the current location of the client device and update the map image data in real-time. A navigation system may provide auditory or visual directions to follow a certain route.
A virtual camera is implemented to manipulate navigation map data according to some embodiments. Some embodiments of client devices allow the device to adjust the virtual camera display orientation to bias toward the route destination. Some embodiments also allow virtual camera to navigation turns simulating the inertial motion of the virtual camera.
Client devices implement various techniques to utilize map service data from map service. Some embodiments implement some techniques to optimize rendering of two-dimensional and three-dimensional map image data. In some embodiments, a client device locally stores rendering information. For instance, a client stores a style sheet which provides rendering directions for image data containing style identifiers. In another example, common image textures may be stored to decrease the amount of map image data transferred from a map service. Client devices in different embodiments implement various modeling techniques to render two-dimensional and three-dimensional map image data, examples of which include, but are not limited to: generating three-dimensional buildings out of two-dimensional building footprint data; modeling two-dimensional and three-dimensional map objects to determine the client device communication environment; generating models to determine whether map labels are seen from a certain virtual camera position; and generating models to smooth transitions between map image data. Some embodiments of client devices also order or prioritize map service data in certain techniques. For instance, a client device detects the motion or velocity of a virtual camera, which if exceeding certain threshold values, lower-detail image data is loaded and rendered of certain areas. Other examples include: rendering vector-based curves as a series of points, preloading map image data for areas of poor communication with a map service, adapting textures based on display zoom level, or rendering map image data according to complexity.
In some embodiments, client devices communicate utilizing various data formats separate from a map tile. For instance, some client devices implement Assisted Global Positioning Satellites (A-GPS) and communicate with location services that utilize data formats conforming to location service protocols, such as, but not limited to, Radio Resource Location services Protocol (RRLP), TIA 801 for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Radio Resource Control (RRC) position protocol, or LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP). Client devices may also receive GPS signals directly. Embodiments may also send data, with or without solicitation from a map service, identifying the client device's capabilities or attributes (e.g., hardware specifications or operating system version) or communication capabilities (e.g., device communication bandwidth as determined by wireless signal strength or wire or wireless network type).
In some embodiments, both voice and data communications are established over wireless network 1610 and access device 1612. For instance, device 1602a can place and receive phone calls (e.g., using voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) protocols), send and receive e-mail messages (e.g., using Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) or Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)), and retrieve electronic documents and/or streams, such as web pages, photographs, and videos, over wireless network 1610, gateway 1614, and WAN 1620 (e.g., using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP)). Likewise, in some implementations, devices 1602b and 1602c can place and receive phone calls, send and receive e-mail messages, and retrieve electronic documents over access device 1612 and WAN 1620. In various embodiments, any of the illustrated client device may communicate with map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 using a persistent connection established in accordance with one or more security protocols, such as the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol or the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.
Devices 1602a and 1602b can also establish communications by other means. For example, wireless device 1602a can communicate with other wireless devices (e.g., other devices 1602b, cell phones, etc.) over the wireless network 1610. Likewise devices 1602a and 1602b can establish peer-to-peer communications 1640 (e.g., a personal area network) by use of one or more communication subsystems, such as Bluetooth® communication from Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Inc. of Kirkland, Wash. Device 1602c can also establish peer to peer communications with devices 1602a or 1602b (not shown). Other communication protocols and topologies can also be implemented. Devices 1602a and 1602b may also receive Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) signals from GPS satellites 1660.
Devices 1602a, 1602b, and 1602c can communicate with map service 1630 over the one or more wire and/or wireless networks, 1610 or 1612. For instance, map service 1630 can provide a map service data to rendering devices 1602a, 1602b, and 1602c. Map service 1630 may also communicate with other services 1650 to obtain data to implement map services. Map service 1630 and other services 1650 may also receive GPS signals from GPS satellites 1660.
In various embodiments, map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 are configured to process search requests from any of client devices. Search requests may include but are not limited to queries for business, address, residential locations, points of interest, or some combination thereof. Map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 may be configured to return results related to a variety of parameters including but not limited to a location entered into an address bar or other text entry field (including abbreviations and/or other shorthand notation), a current map view (e.g., user may be viewing one location on the multifunction device while residing in another location), current location of the user (e.g., in cases where the current map view did not include search results), and the current route (if any). In various embodiments, these parameters may affect the composition of the search results (and/or the ordering of the search results) based on different priority weightings. In various embodiments, the search results that are returned may be a subset of results selected based on specific criteria include but not limited to a quantity of times the search result (e.g., a particular point of interest) has been requested, a measure of quality associated with the search result (e.g., highest user or editorial review rating), and/or the volume of reviews for the search results (e.g., the number of times the search result has been review or rated).
In various embodiments, map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 are configured to provide auto-complete search results that are displayed on the client device, such as within the mapping application. For instance, auto-complete search results may populate a portion of the screen as the user enters one or more search keywords on the multifunction device. In some cases, this feature may save the user time as the desired search result may be displayed before the user enters the full search query. In various embodiments, the auto complete search results may be search results found by the client on the client device (e.g., bookmarks or contacts), search results found elsewhere (e.g., from the Internet) by map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650, and/or some combination thereof. As is the case with commands, any of the search queries may be entered by the user via voice or through typing. The multifunction device may be configured to display search results graphically within any of the map display described herein. For instance, a pin or other graphical indicator may specify locations of search results as points of interest. In various embodiments, responsive to a user selection of one of these points of interest (e.g., a touch selection, such as a tap), the multifunction device is configured to display additional information about the selected point of interest including but not limited to ratings, reviews or review snippets, hours of operation, store status (e.g., open for business, permanently closed, etc.), and/or images of a storefront for the point of interest. In various embodiments, any of this information may be displayed on a graphical information card that is displayed in response to the user's selection of the point of interest.
In various embodiments, map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 provide one or more feedback mechanisms to receive feedback from client devices 1602a-1602c. For instance, client devices may provide feedback on search results to map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 (e.g., feedback specifying ratings, reviews, temporary or permanent business closures, errors etc.); this feedback may be used to update information about points of interest in order to provide more accurate or more up-to-date search results in the future. In some embodiments, map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 may provide testing information to the client device (e.g., an A/B test) to determine which search results are best. For instance, at random intervals, the client device may receive and present two search results to a user and allow the user to indicate the best result. The client device may report the test results to map service 1630 and/or other service(s) 1650 to improve future search results based on the chosen testing technique, such as an A/B test technique in which a baseline control sample is compared to a variety of single-variable test samples in order to improve results.
While the invention has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, many of the figures (e.g.,
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/611,157, filed Jan. 30, 2015, now published as U.S. Patent Publication 2015/0142314 which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/632,029, filed Sep. 30, 2012, now patented as U.S. Pat. No. 9,482,296 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 61/655,997, filed Jun. 5, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application 61/656,032, filed Jun. 6, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application 61/656,043, filed Jun. 6, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application 61/657,864, filed Jun. 10, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application 61/657,880, filed Jun. 10, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application 61/699,754, filed Sep. 11, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application 61/699,851, filed Sep. 11, 2012; and U.S. Provisional Application 61/699,855, filed Sep. 11, 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4797836 | Witek et al. | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4914605 | Loughmiller et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 5289572 | Yano et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5321161 | Vreugdenhil et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5353319 | Challberg | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5359712 | Cohen et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5406492 | Suzuki | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5459667 | Odagaki | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5459702 | Greenspan | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5592173 | Lau et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5629854 | Schulte | May 1997 | A |
| 5654892 | Fujii et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5692173 | Chew | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5717848 | Watanabe et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5787233 | Akimoto | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5848375 | Nunobiki et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5862511 | Croyle et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5878368 | Degraaf | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5913918 | Nakano et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5966129 | Matsukuma et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5990898 | Urano | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6029111 | Croyle | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6102253 | Gallina et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6107961 | Takagi | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6141568 | Sakaguchi | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6141588 | Cox et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6153269 | Gleason et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6163269 | Millington et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6173232 | Nanba et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6176380 | Glories et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6178380 | Millington | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6202026 | Nimura et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6253151 | Ohler et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6259446 | Matheny et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6295503 | Inoue et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6311125 | Okano et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6321158 | Delorme et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6321161 | Herbst et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6360167 | Millington et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6363145 | Shaffer et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6363322 | Millington | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6374180 | Slominski et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6381534 | Takayama et al. | Apr 2002 | B2 |
| 6396475 | Ellenby et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6434482 | Oshida et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6480783 | Myr | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6487305 | Kambe et al. | Nov 2002 | B2 |
| 6496189 | Yaron et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6526335 | Treyz et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6538655 | Kubota | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6539300 | Myr | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6577946 | Myr | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6587784 | Okude et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6597354 | Sakamoto et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6597654 | Tosaki et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6598016 | Zavoli et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6600654 | Loebach | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6615130 | Myr | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6654024 | Voelkel | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6693564 | Niitsuma | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6704645 | Beesley et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6710774 | Kawasaki et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6792349 | Chen et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6891525 | Ogoro | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6972757 | Arikawa et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 7054742 | Khavakh et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7054745 | Couckuyt et al. | May 2006 | B1 |
| 7065448 | Gearhart | Jun 2006 | B1 |
| 7119819 | Robertson et al. | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7148908 | Riek et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7149625 | Mathews et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7158876 | Crook | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7194356 | Sano | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7242966 | Averkamp | Jul 2007 | B1 |
| 7373244 | Kreft | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7379811 | Rasmussen et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7392133 | Maruyama et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7413211 | Hendry et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7433780 | Machino | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7437279 | Agrawala et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7440875 | Cuthbert et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7460565 | Dally et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7460953 | Herbst et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7467356 | Gettman et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7480565 | Ikeuchi et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7539606 | Comair et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7542882 | Agrawala et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7551172 | Yaron et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7561169 | Carroll | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7589732 | Burtnyk et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7620494 | Matthews et al. | Nov 2009 | B1 |
| 7623965 | Green | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7692658 | Moore | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7697027 | McMahon et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7698063 | Kim | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7701434 | Kreek et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7702456 | Singh | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7706973 | McBride et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7729854 | Muramatsu | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7734415 | Oumi et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7743337 | Maeda et al. | Jun 2010 | B1 |
| 7746343 | Charaniya et al. | Jun 2010 | B1 |
| 7761227 | Kropp | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7830243 | Buckley et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7831433 | Belvin et al. | Nov 2010 | B1 |
| 7831917 | Karam | Nov 2010 | B1 |
| 7860645 | Kim | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7865306 | Mays | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7917285 | Rothschild | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7917288 | Cheung et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7925427 | Zehler | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7933395 | Bailly et al. | Apr 2011 | B1 |
| 7945546 | Bliss et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7949546 | Klieman et al. | May 2011 | B1 |
| 7957871 | Echeruo | Jun 2011 | B1 |
| 8010407 | Santoro et al. | Aug 2011 | B1 |
| 8031164 | Herz et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8041503 | Choi et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8102253 | Brady, Jr. | Jan 2012 | B1 |
| 8103440 | Sengoku et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8111258 | Ajioka et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8115764 | Kameda et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8151210 | Nezu et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8190326 | Nezu et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8195383 | Wipplinger et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8200847 | Lebeau et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8214142 | Cerecke et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8237713 | Yaron et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8237745 | Cornell | Aug 2012 | B1 |
| 8249259 | Marumoto et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8274524 | Cornell et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
| 8301371 | Sheha et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8301378 | Nishibashi et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8306730 | Nishibashi et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8321126 | Mays | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8326444 | Classen et al. | Dec 2012 | B1 |
| 8335642 | Wipplinger et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8335675 | Diverdi et al. | Dec 2012 | B1 |
| 8339403 | Zhao et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8339990 | Tzamaloukas | Dec 2012 | B1 |
| 8355862 | Matas et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8359389 | Cohen et al. | Jan 2013 | B1 |
| 8364398 | Rossio et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8370060 | Rossio et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8375325 | Wuttke | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8411087 | Wei et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8428871 | Matthews et al. | Apr 2013 | B1 |
| 8438481 | Lau et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8463289 | Shklarski et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8464182 | Blumenberg et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8489641 | Seefeld et al. | Jul 2013 | B1 |
| 8498812 | Ren et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8515667 | Haatainen | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8515766 | Bringert et al. | Aug 2013 | B1 |
| 8583373 | Hicks | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8589069 | Lehman | Nov 2013 | B1 |
| 8589075 | Jones | Nov 2013 | B1 |
| 8595014 | Rychlik | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8600654 | Kishikawa et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8606514 | Rowley et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8606516 | Vertelney et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8607167 | Matas et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8612151 | Winkler et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8635019 | Tertoolen | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8639654 | Vervaet et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8645056 | Wipplinger et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8645366 | Acharya | Feb 2014 | B1 |
| 8665112 | Chen et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8665278 | Zhao et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8667562 | Lebeau et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8676466 | Mudalige | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8681176 | Maurer et al. | Mar 2014 | B1 |
| 8694242 | Nagase | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8705892 | Aguilera et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8738284 | Jones | May 2014 | B1 |
| 8739070 | Mullen | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8762048 | Kosseifi et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8774470 | Schmidt et al. | Jul 2014 | B1 |
| 8798918 | Onishi et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8818618 | Follmer et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8825403 | Kadous et al. | Sep 2014 | B1 |
| 8849564 | Mutoh | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8880345 | Kazama et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8880568 | Perczynski et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8890863 | Lininger | Nov 2014 | B1 |
| 8933960 | Lindahl et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8963702 | Follmer et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8970592 | Petterson | Mar 2015 | B1 |
| 8983778 | McCarthy | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9043150 | Forstall et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9052197 | Van et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9147286 | Piemonte et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9159153 | Chen et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9212918 | Newlin et al. | Dec 2015 | B1 |
| 9230556 | Van et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9243924 | Van et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9250092 | Blumenberg et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9266536 | Loria et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9304008 | Poppen et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9367959 | Forstall et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9418672 | Pylappan et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9465890 | Wilson | Oct 2016 | B1 |
| 9466127 | Lindahl et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9588987 | Wailes et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9741149 | Myung et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 20010028350 | Matsuoka et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20010056325 | Pu et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020010655 | Kjallstrom | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020059296 | Hayashi et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020103599 | Sugiyama et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020156556 | Ruffner | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020156572 | Bullock et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020164998 | Younis | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20030016850 | Kaufman et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030023350 | Tan et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030040864 | Stein | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083851 | Nagamune | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030109266 | Rafiah et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030137515 | Cederwall et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030154079 | Ota et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030182183 | Pribe | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030231190 | Jawerth et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040001114 | Fuchs et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040024524 | Miyazawa | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040046600 | Fujimoto et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048600 | Madour et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048620 | Nakahara et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040070602 | Kobuya et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040128066 | Kudo et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040158395 | Yamada et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040172418 | Dorum et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040176908 | Senda et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040204840 | Hashima et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040212627 | Sumizawa et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040212827 | Otsuji et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040215389 | Hirose | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040236498 | Le et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040236507 | Maruyama et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040257363 | Veach | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050027705 | Sadri et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049786 | Odachi et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055159 | Song et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050107993 | Cuthbert et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050125148 | Van et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050131631 | Nakano et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050137791 | Agrawala | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050143914 | Yamada et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149261 | Lee et al. | Jul 2005 | A9 |
| 20050159945 | Otsuka et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050177305 | Han | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050222760 | Cabral et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050228553 | Tryon | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050243104 | Kinghorn | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050251331 | Kreft | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050273251 | Nix et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050273252 | Nix et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060015246 | Hui | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060015249 | Gieseke | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060025923 | Dotan et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026521 | Hotelling et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060031786 | Hillis et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060041372 | Kubota et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060041379 | Brulle-Drews | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060058849 | Chen et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060058949 | Fogel et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060074553 | Foo et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060122872 | Stevens et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060135259 | Nancke-Krogh et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060161440 | Nakayama et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060184323 | Park | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195255 | Kim | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195257 | Nakamura | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195259 | Pinkus et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060217879 | Ikeuchi et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060224316 | Ishida et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060247845 | Cera et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060270025 | Zarur et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060284879 | Nagata et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060285743 | Oh et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060287818 | Okude et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070032912 | Jung et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070061071 | Torii | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070076137 | Chiang | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070080830 | Sacks | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088502 | Oumi et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088897 | Wailes et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070140187 | Rokusek et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070150179 | Pinkus et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070150842 | Chaudhri et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070174006 | Kusumoto | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070185650 | Yokota et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192020 | Brulle-Drews et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070195089 | Furukado | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070200674 | Moore et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208502 | Sakamoto et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208719 | Tran | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070213092 | Geelen | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070219706 | Sheynblat | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070219718 | Pennock et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233371 | Stoschek et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070245245 | Blue et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070265772 | Geelen | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070273712 | O'Mullan et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070276596 | Solomon et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070276597 | Kato et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070293958 | Stehle et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080016145 | Takase et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080032663 | Doyle | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080040024 | Silva | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080059061 | Lee | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080059889 | Parker et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080062126 | Algreatly | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080062173 | Tashiro | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080068221 | Park | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080068223 | Behr et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077324 | Hatano et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082225 | Barrett | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080086356 | Glassman et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080091344 | Mikuriya et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080109404 | Holm | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080114541 | Shintani et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080122796 | Jobs et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080133124 | Sarkeshik | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080140314 | Park | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080154489 | Kaneda et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080167798 | Tertoolen | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080167801 | Geelen et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080168396 | Matas et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080168398 | Geelen et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080171559 | Frank et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080174570 | Jobs et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080195307 | Raynaud et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080195638 | Winberry et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080198158 | Iwamura et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080204462 | Reed et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080208450 | Katzer | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080215234 | Geelen | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228393 | Geelen | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080238941 | Kinnan et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080270025 | Wlotzka | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080288884 | Daughtrey | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080320419 | Matas et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090005981 | Forstall et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090012708 | Wu et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018764 | Ishibashi et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090028440 | Elangovan et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090037094 | Schmidt | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090040240 | Grotjohn et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090043491 | Haatainen | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090063041 | Hirose | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090063048 | Tsuji | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090064014 | Nelson et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090074249 | Moed et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090082960 | Ramaswamy et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090093957 | Se et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090096753 | Lim | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090100018 | Roberts | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090105944 | Urano et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090119001 | Moussaeiff et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090143977 | Beletski et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090150373 | Davis et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090154666 | Rios et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090156234 | Sako et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090164115 | Kosakowski et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171561 | Geelen | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171575 | Kim et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171577 | Roumeliotis et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171578 | Kim et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171580 | Nezu | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177385 | Matas et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090181650 | Dicke | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090182497 | Hagiwara | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090187335 | Muhlfelder | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090198767 | Jakobson et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090207121 | Shih et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090216434 | Panganiban | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090216442 | Luert | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090222199 | Nishiura | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228195 | Lutz et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090228841 | Hildreth | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090237510 | Chen et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090244100 | Schwegler et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090248420 | Basir et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090254273 | Gill et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090262117 | Soulchin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090267954 | Cupps et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090273601 | Kim | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090284478 | De et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090287408 | Gerdes et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090305742 | Caballero et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306891 | Jeon et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090312942 | Froeberg | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090326803 | Neef et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090326810 | Callaghan et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090327947 | Schreiner et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100002007 | Rajagopalan | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100004852 | Kawamura | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100017110 | Sengoku et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100030578 | Siddique et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100045703 | Kornmann et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100045704 | Kim | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100057358 | Winer et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100074538 | Mishra et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100100310 | Eich et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100100317 | Jones et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100104174 | Rohlf et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100110314 | Kusano | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100115030 | Hong et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100118065 | Song et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100120471 | Uchikawa et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100123737 | Williamson et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100125386 | Ibrahim | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100125410 | Hicks | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131189 | Geelen et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100134425 | Storrusten | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100146436 | Jakobson et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100153010 | Huang | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185382 | Barker et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100190513 | Andreasson | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100205060 | Athsani et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100207751 | Follmer et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100211199 | Naik et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100211632 | Saarinen | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100225644 | Swope et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100232626 | Paquier et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100246889 | Nara et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100250536 | Broadbent | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100253549 | Kim et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100256902 | Coch et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100266161 | Kmiecik et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100280853 | Petralia et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100287024 | Ward et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100306191 | Lebeau et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100306659 | Shahine et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100309149 | Blumenberg et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100312466 | Katzer et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100312468 | Withanawasam | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100313146 | Nielsen et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324816 | Highstrom et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324817 | Hansen et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100325104 | Kawauchi | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100325194 | Williamson et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100328100 | Fujiwara et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100328316 | Stroila et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100332468 | Cantrell | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110004589 | Rischar et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110006190 | Alameh et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110007000 | Lim | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110022393 | Waeller et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110054772 | Rossio et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110055065 | Brenner | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110055187 | Cai et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110060523 | Baron | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110077852 | Ragavan et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110081889 | Gao et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110083167 | Carpenter et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110098917 | Lebeau et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110098918 | Siliski et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110106439 | Huang et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110106534 | Lebeau et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110106595 | Vande Velde | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112750 | Lukassen | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112762 | Gruijters et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110118971 | Petzold et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110122126 | Han et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110130949 | Arrasvuori | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110131376 | Fischer | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110131500 | Ohazama | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110137561 | Kankainen | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144904 | Pinkus et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110153186 | Jakobson | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110159844 | Gillet et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110161843 | Bennett et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110163874 | Van Os | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110164029 | King et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110167058 | Van Os | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110173229 | Choudhury et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110193795 | Seidman et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110196610 | Waldman et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110202862 | Kramer et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110207446 | Iwuchukwu | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110208421 | Sakashita | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110218711 | Mathur et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110231086 | Montealegre et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110246203 | Byrne et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110249030 | Hirose et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110252364 | Anzures et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264708 | Smartt | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110270517 | Benedetti | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110271230 | Harris et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110276264 | Plocher et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282567 | Nortrup | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282759 | Levin et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110285717 | Schmidt et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110289506 | Trivi et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110291860 | Ozaki et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110291863 | Ozaki et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110301728 | Hamilton et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110302527 | Chen et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110313649 | Bales et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120016577 | Kim et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120016678 | Gruber et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120019513 | Fong et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120023097 | Lebeau et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035924 | Jitkoff et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120036556 | Lebeau et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120041674 | Katzer | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120044243 | Kim et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120047134 | Hansson et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120050489 | Gupta et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120059812 | Bliss et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120060121 | Goldberg et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120062602 | Vadhavana et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120062604 | Lobo et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120078870 | Bazaz | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120081404 | MacLellan et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120084670 | Momchilov | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120092325 | Katano | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120092541 | Tuulos et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120096393 | Shim et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120099804 | Aguilera et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120109509 | Nesbitt et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120127170 | Varadhan | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120130625 | Srivastava | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120143504 | Kalai et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120150428 | Niem et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158290 | Bharathan et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120159402 | Nurmi et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120162267 | Shimazu | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120166281 | Sartipi | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120197839 | Vervaet et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120198002 | Goulart et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120200604 | Imaeda et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120206367 | Griffin et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120206469 | Hulubei et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120209518 | Nowak et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120214457 | Iaccarino | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120216139 | Ording et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120223845 | Schumann | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120233480 | Tanaka | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245849 | Spindler | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120249343 | Thomas | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120253659 | Pu et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120254804 | Sheha et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120259539 | Sumizawa | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120259541 | Downey et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120262592 | Rabii | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120265433 | Viola et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120284247 | Jiang et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120284297 | Aguera-Arcas et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120287114 | Hallock et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120290972 | Yook et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120303263 | Alam | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120303268 | Su et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120311438 | Cranfill et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120314040 | Kopf et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120316774 | Yariv et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120316780 | Huth | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120316955 | Panguluri et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120322458 | Shklarski et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130006775 | Jordan et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130018867 | Regan et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130021382 | Morlock et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130030954 | Liu et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130035853 | Stout et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130046456 | Scofield et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130046967 | Fullerton et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130069987 | Choe | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130076249 | Chuang et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130076784 | Maurer et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130078784 | Minamihaba et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130086028 | Hebert | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110633 | Waldman et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130162632 | Varga | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130169579 | Havnor | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130173654 | Lerman et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130176334 | Boldyrev et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130176384 | Jones et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130191020 | Emani | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130218450 | Miyamoto | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130222378 | Koivusalo | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130227473 | Corvo | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130230804 | Sakakibara et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130230840 | Parkar | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253933 | Maruta | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130261856 | Sharma et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130290400 | Zhou et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130297321 | Raux et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130304373 | Kuo et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130307875 | Anderson | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321400 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321401 | Piemonte et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321402 | Moore et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130322634 | Bennett et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130322665 | Bennett et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130322702 | Piemonte et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130324164 | Vulcano | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325319 | Moore et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325339 | McCarthy | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325340 | Forstall et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325341 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325342 | Pylappan et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325343 | Blumenberg et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325481 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130326380 | Lai et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130326384 | Moore et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130326407 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130326425 | Forstall et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130326467 | Nair et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328861 | Arikan et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328862 | Piemonte | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328871 | Piemonte et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328883 | Sethia | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328915 | Arikan et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328916 | Arikan et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328924 | Arikan et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130328937 | Pirwani et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345959 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345962 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345975 | Vulcano et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345980 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130345981 | Van et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140019036 | Lemay et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140025298 | Spindler et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140025973 | Schillings et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140057683 | Li | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140071119 | Piemonte et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140071130 | Piemonte | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140095066 | Bouillet et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140122911 | Gunn et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140123062 | Nguyen | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140152670 | Miyamoto et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140156187 | Goddard | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140221051 | Oguri | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140358438 | Cerny et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150067008 | Kamath et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150142314 | Lemay et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150149080 | McCarthy | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150161254 | Boswell | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150300833 | Van et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150323342 | Forstall et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150353082 | Lee et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160028824 | Stenneth et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160055669 | Piemonte et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160084668 | Van et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160161254 | Nakajima et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160216127 | Van et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20170038941 | Pylappan et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170052672 | Forstall et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2013272003 | Dec 2014 | AU |
| 2016213819 | Sep 2016 | AU |
| 1250300 | Apr 2000 | CN |
| 1382960 | Dec 2002 | CN |
| 1484205 | Mar 2004 | CN |
| 1854948 | Nov 2006 | CN |
| 1995917 | Jul 2007 | CN |
| 101097135 | Jan 2008 | CN |
| 101101217 | Jan 2008 | CN |
| 101257787 | Sep 2008 | CN |
| 101349569 | Jan 2009 | CN |
| 101408429 | Apr 2009 | CN |
| 101936740 | Jan 2011 | CN |
| 102211583 | Oct 2011 | CN |
| 102279710 | Dec 2011 | CN |
| 102388406 | Mar 2012 | CN |
| 202204518 | Apr 2012 | CN |
| 102840866 | Dec 2012 | CN |
| 102967304 | Mar 2013 | CN |
| 102007030226 | Jan 2009 | DE |
| 102008036748 | Oct 2009 | DE |
| 102008053547 | Apr 2010 | DE |
| 0461577 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0572129 | Dec 1993 | EP |
| 0822529 | Feb 1998 | EP |
| 1102037 | May 2001 | EP |
| 1626250 | Feb 2006 | EP |
| 1655677 | May 2006 | EP |
| 1788541 | May 2007 | EP |
| 1965172 | Sep 2008 | EP |
| 1995564 | Nov 2008 | EP |
| 2075542 | Jul 2009 | EP |
| 2075543 | Jul 2009 | EP |
| 2080985 | Jul 2009 | EP |
| 2194508 | Jun 2010 | EP |
| 2196892 | Jun 2010 | EP |
| 2213983 | Aug 2010 | EP |
| 2672223 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2672225 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2672226 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2672227 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2672228 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2672230 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2672231 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 09-292830 | Nov 1997 | JP |
| 11-038868 | Feb 1999 | JP |
| 2001-165670 | Jun 2001 | JP |
| 2002-243480 | Aug 2002 | JP |
| 2007-057857 | Mar 2007 | JP |
| 2008-008838 | Jan 2008 | JP |
| 2008-039731 | Feb 2008 | JP |
| 2008-158842 | Jul 2008 | JP |
| 2009-154647 | Jul 2009 | JP |
| 2009-204590 | Sep 2009 | JP |
| 200424964 | Nov 2004 | TW |
| 200731173 | Aug 2007 | TW |
| 201017110 | May 2010 | TW |
| 8602764 | May 1986 | WO |
| 9843192 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| 2005103624 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| 2006015892 | Feb 2006 | WO |
| 2007056450 | May 2007 | WO |
| 2007057857 | May 2007 | WO |
| 2007101711 | Sep 2007 | WO |
| 2007115221 | Oct 2007 | WO |
| 2008056880 | May 2008 | WO |
| 2009069165 | Jun 2009 | WO |
| 2009115070 | Sep 2009 | WO |
| 2009117820 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| 2011025555 | Mar 2011 | WO |
| 2011045861 | Apr 2011 | WO |
| 2011059781 | May 2011 | WO |
| 2011076989 | Jun 2011 | WO |
| 2011084156 | Jul 2011 | WO |
| 2011095602 | Aug 2011 | WO |
| 2011124273 | Oct 2011 | WO |
| 2011141980 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2011146141 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2011149231 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2011151501 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2012007745 | Jan 2012 | WO |
| 2012034581 | Mar 2012 | WO |
| 2013018448 | Feb 2013 | WO |
| 2013184348 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184391 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184444 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184445 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184446 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184447 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184448 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184449 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184450 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184472 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184473 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184533 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013184534 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Rich Brooks How to Write a Review at Google Maps 2009 12 pages. |
| Meghan Kelly Google Maps rolls out business interiors in Street View Oct. 26, 2011 2 pages. |
| Kristi Hines 7 Creative Ways to Get Customer Testimonials, 2011 18 pages. |
| Himanshu Yadav 9 Awesome Google Maps Labs Features You SHould Know About Jun. 21, 2010 8 pages. |
| Greg Sterling New Google Maps Adds More Search Results to Info Window Dec. 3, 2013 6 pages. |
| “Topic 2: Map Projections and Coordinates Systems” http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec2.html. Archived on Sep. 23, 2007. Retrieved on Apr. 20, 2015 from <https://web.archive.Org/web/20070923035156/http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec2.html>. |
| “Today's Navigation Standard” http://www.casanovasadventures.com/catalog/gps/p3034.htm Archived on Jan. 6, 2005. Retrieved on May 28, 2015 from <http://web.archive.Org/web/20050106232808/http://www.casanovasadventures.com/catalog/gps/p3034.htm>. |
| “Google Earth API: Camera Control” https://developers.google.com/earth/documentation/camera_control. Archived on Mar. 26, 2012. Retrieved on May 30, 2015 from <https://web.archive.Org/web/20120326235132/https://developers.google.com/earth/documentation/camera_control>. |
| “Adaptive ArcGIS Server Tile Cache for Virtual Earth”, published on Jan. 17, 2008, retrieved from http://blog.davebouwman.com/2008/01/17/adaptive-arcgis-server-tile-cache-for-virtual-earth/on Dec. 21, 2015. |
| Springer, Antti Nurminen & Antti Oulasvirta, Designing Interactions for Navigation in 3D Mobile Maps, pp. 198-224, Winter 2008, published in Map-based Mobile Services: Design, Interaction and Usability. |
| SkylineGlobe Web Package, version 6.1, 2012, pp. 1-23. |
| Plvhal, “Google Earth Intro & 3D Buildings”, YouTube, Apr. 12, 2010, 1 page, retrieved on Aug. 9, 2013 from the Internet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGANAS0XMPA. |
| NATO Science and Technology Organization, Justin G. Hollands & Nada Ivanovic, Task Switching with 2D and 3D Displays of Geographic Terrain: The Role of Visual Momentum, p. 19-6, Sep. 10, 2002, published in RTO-MP-105. |
| Michael Siliski: “Fun on the Autobahn: Google Maps Navigation in 11 more Countries”, Google Mobile Blog, Jun. 9, 2010 (Jun. 9, 2010). |
| Huhtala, J., Sarjanoja, A.H., Mantyjarvi, J., Isomursu, M. and Hakkila, J., 2009, August. Mobile screen transition animations. In SIGGRAPH'09: Posters (p. 25). ACM. |
| Google, Google Earth 3D Tour, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Byxke1 Daqk; Jun. 26, 2009. |
| Gareth Beavis: “Google Earth finally coming to Android phones”, Internet, Feb. 23, 2010 (Feb. 23, 2010). |
| YouTube video “Report a Problem with Google Maps” uploaded Oct. 27, 2009 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByVdkytC8RE with screenshots 3 pages. |
| The Next Generation of Mobile Maps, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/12/next-generation-of-mobile-maps.html. Archived on Dec. 23, 2010. Retrieved on Mar. 12, 2015 from <https://web.archive.Org/web/20101223203610/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/12/next-generation-of-mobile-maps.html>. |
| Tauntingpanda, Ripple Effect Test in Unity 3d, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaFfCJwnilM, May 18, 2009. |
| Tamar Weinberg “Move the Map Marker on Google Maps: A Screenshot Tour” Nov. 21, 2007 5 pages. |
| Software2Tech. Google Maps Voice Navigation in Singapore. 2011. [retrieved on Jan. 31, 2014]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.Youtube.com/watch?v=7B9JN7BkvME>. entire document. |
| Rickysmacintosh. iOS 5: Notifications Center and LockScreen. 2011 . [retrieved on Jan. 31, 2014]. Retrieved from the internet:<URL:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eurhcjpXHwo. Entire document. |
| Qureshi, Khurram, “Garmin Nuvi 885T Voice Recognition & Command Demonstration,” Feb. 3, 2010, 1 page, available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOJKhTN6iMg. |
| Ponderevo, George, “Grayed out”, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Jun. 10, 2011, 2 pages. |
| PocketGPS. TomTom Go Live 1005 on the road Re-routing. Mar. 8, 2012. [retrieved on Jan. 31, 2014]. Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJf NOcgoNA, entire document. |
| Partala, Timo, et al., “Speed-Dependent Camera Control in 3D Mobile Roadmaps,” Intelligent Interactive Assistance and Mobile Multimedia Computing, Month Unknown, 2009, pp. 143-154, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
| Orbitz Staff, The 3-tap app: Orbitz launches free app for iPad users, Jul. 6, 2011. |
| Nurminen, Antti, et al., “10 Designing Interactions for Navigation in 3D Mobile Maps,” Map-Based Mobile Services, Aug. 6, 2008, 31 pages, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. |
| Magellan RoadMate Reference Manual Instructions for Operating the Magellan RoadMate 860T Copyright 2006 106 pages. |
| Magellan roadMate 9020 GPS Recevier 9055 User Manual copyright 2010 48 pages. |
| Magellan RoadMate 2010 North America Apllication User Manual Copyright 2009 24 pages. |
| Lawrence, Review: Sygic Mobile Maps 2009, Jul. 23, 2009, iPhonewzealand, retreived from http://www.iphonewzealand.co.nz/2009/all/review-sygic-mobile-maps-20091 on Feb 26, 2015. |
| Kevin Purdy, “ChompSMS Is a Handy Replacement for Androids SMS App,” http://lifehacker.com/5596492/chompsms-is-a-handy-replacement-for-androids-sms-app, (posted Jul. 26, 2010, accessed Aug. 28, 2011). |
| Jiuxiang Hu et al.; “Road Network Extraction and Intersection Detection from Aerial Images by Tracking Road Footprints”; Dec. 2007; IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, pp. 4144-4157. |
| Jake Gaecke, Appletell reviews Sygic Mobile Maps 2009 North America for iPhone, Aug. 9, 2009, http://www.technologytell.com/apple/49215/appletell-reviews-sygic-mobile-maps-2009-north-america/. |
| IOS 4.2 user guide manufactured by Apple, Inc, released on Mar. 2011, 274 pages. |
| Harrower, Mark, “A Look at the History and Future of Animated Maps”, Cartographica, Sep. 1, 2004, pp. 33-42, vol. 39, No. 3, University of Toronto Press, Canada. |
| Gus Class, “Custom Gestures for 3D Manipulation Using Windows,” Feb. 23, 2011, retrived from http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/161464/Custom-Gestures-for-D-Manipulation-Using-Windows on Mar. 16, 2016. |
| Greg Sterling Google Now Enables Maps Users to “Report A Problem” Oct. 8, 2009 4 pages. |
| Google Earth Blog Use StreetView to make Points of Interest more precise Mar. 10, 2010 7 pages. |
| Feng Yuten and Haiyan Fan, “Research on Dynamic Water Surface and Rippie Animation,” International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science (IJITCS) 2,1 (2010): 18. |
| Dube, Ryan, “Use Google Maps Navigation for Turn-By-Turn GPS [Android]”, available at http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/google-maps-navigation-turnbyturn-gps-androi- d/, Jun. 24, 2010, 7 pages. |
| Dal Poz, Aluir Porfirio, Rodrigo Bruno Zanin, and Giovane Maia do Vale. “Automated extraction of road network from medium- and high-resolution images.” Pattern recognition and image analysis 16.2 (2006): 239-248. |
| Chris Runs. My Favorite Android Apps: Maps. 2011. [retrieved on Jan. 31, 2014]. Retrieved from the Internet<URL: http://www,youtube,com/watch?v=v2aRkLkT3s>. entire document. |
| Chitu. More Suggestions in Google Maps. Unofficial news and tips about Google. Blog. Apr. 21, 2010. Retrieved on [Dec. 1, 2013]. Retrieved from the Internet: URL http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2010/04/more-SuggestionS″ingoogle-maps.html Entire document. |
| Chitu, Alex, “Google Operating System: Unofficial News and Tips about Google”, Apr. 21, 2010, 2 pages, available at http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2010/04/more-suggestions-in-google-maps.html. |
| Chen, Ching-Chien, et al., “Automatically Conflating Road Vector Data with Orthoimagery,” GeoInformatica, Mar. 2006, pp. 495-530, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. |
| Charalambos Poullis et al.; “Delineation and geometric modeling of road networks”; Nov. 2009; ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; p. 165-181. |
| Author Unknown, “Touch & Go Owner's Manual,” Jul. 2011, 218 pages, Toyota, United Kingdom. |
| Author Unknown, “Resolve Road Conflicts (Cartography),” ARCGIS help 10.1, Nov. 11, 2011, 4 pages, Esri, available at http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#//0070000000- 19000000.htm. |
| Author Unknown, “NiLS Lockscreen Notifications,” Apr. 6, 2015, 3 pages, available at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.roymam.android.notificationswidget&h1=en. |
| Author Unknown, “Motorola XOOM: Google Maps,” TechHarvest, Feb. 25, 2011, 1 page, available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adkl5zMp7W4. |
| Author Unknown, “MAZDA: Navigation System—Owner's Manual”, available at http://download.tomtom.com/open/manuals/mazda/nva-sd8110/Full_Manual_EN.pdf, Jan. 1, 2009, 159 pages. |
| Author Unknown, “Lux Auto Brightness,” Dec. 26, 2014, 3 pages, available at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vito.lux&hl=en. |
| Author Unknown, “IOS 5: Notifications Center and LockScreen”, Jun. 9, 2011, available at http:///www.youtube.com/watch?v=eurhcjpXHwo. |
| Author unknown, “Google Navigation 5.3 will not allow the phone to sleep,” Dave Morg, 1 page, Apr. 11, 2011, available at https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/maps/is54TSBVK2E. |
| Author Unknown, “Google Maps—Two Finger Rotate in Nexus One,” androidapk, Apr. 9, 2011, 1 page, available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7VNoErYNt8. |
| Author Unknown, “Garmin. nuvi 1100/1200/1300/1400 series owner's manual,” Jan. 2011, 72 pages, Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Sijhih, Taipei County, Taiwan. |
| Author Unknown, “chomSMS-Change Log,” Jul. 16, 2010, 29 pages, available at http:/.chompsms.com/main/changelog. |
| Author Unknown, “Blaupunkt chooses NNG navigation software for new aftermarket product,” May 24, 2011, 2 pages, available at http://telematicsnews.info/2011/05/24/blaupunkt-chooses-nng-navigation-software-for-new-aftermarket-product_my2241/. |
| Author Unknown, “3D Building Features on Google Maps Mobile App with 2 Fingers Tilt, Rotate, Zoom,” adistarone, Jul. 21, 2011, 1 page, available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqkKK1Xt8W0. |
| Author Unknown, “(SC4) Sim City for Highways & Autobahns,” Aug. 12, 2011, pp. 1-35, available at http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=639496&page=14. |
| Android 2.3.4 User's Guide. Google. May 20, 2011. Retrieved on [Dec. 1, 2013]. Retrieved from the Internet: URL<http://static.google usercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en.us/help/hc/pdfs/mobile/AndroidUsersGuide-2.3.4.pdf> entire document. |
| Agrawal et al.; “Geometry-based Mapping and Rendering of Vector Data over LOD Phototextured 3D Terrain Models”; 2006, pp. 1-8. |
| Access Ana, “Accessible Android”, http://accessibleandroid.blogspot.com/2010/09/how-do-i-set-or-change-default-home.html (posted Sep. 15, 2010, accessed Sep. 2014). |
| “Using Search in Google Maps”, Jan. 6, 2011 (Jan. 6, 2011), XP054975742, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihlddF T7r3g [retrieved on Feb. 13, 2015]. |
| Author unknown, Maths—Angle between vectors, retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20061110112226/http://www.euclideanspace.com/maths/algebra/vectors/angleBetween/index.htm on Aug. 22, 2018, archived from http://www.euclideanspace.com/maths/algebra/vectors/angleBetween/index.htm on Nov. 10, 2006. |
| Haala N, Kada M. Panoramic scenes for texture mapping of 3D city models. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Feb. 2005;36(Part 5/W8). |
| GLOBAL, Touch surface screen with ripple effect at Lisbon's Oceanarium, Mar. 11, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2b6VSKWPJM. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180274603 A1 | Sep 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61699851 | Sep 2012 | US | |
| 61656032 | Jun 2012 | US | |
| 61656043 | Jun 2012 | US | |
| 61657864 | Jun 2012 | US | |
| 61657880 | Jun 2012 | US | |
| 61699754 | Sep 2012 | US | |
| 61655997 | Jun 2012 | US | |
| 61699855 | Sep 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13632029 | Sep 2012 | US |
| Child | 14611157 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14611157 | Jan 2015 | US |
| Child | 15919767 | US |
