Patent Application
20200071497
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-164067 filed on Aug. 31, 2018.
The present invention relates to a resin composition and a resin molded article.
Conventionally, various resin compositions have been provided and used for various purposes. Particularly, the resin compositions are used for various parts and casings of household electric appliances and automobiles. In addition, thermoplastic resins are also used for parts such as casings of office equipment and electronic and electrical equipment. In recent years, resins derived from biomass (an organic resource derived from a living thing except a fossil resource) is used, and examples of one of the resins having biomass-derived carbon atoms conventionally known include cellulose acylate.
As conventional resin compositions, JP-A-10-095862 discloses “a cellulose acetate film which is a cellulose acetate film having an average acetylation degree of 58.0% to 62.5% wherein a haze of the film converted to a thickness of 80 m is 0.6% or less and the dynamic friction coefficient of the film surface is 0.40 or less”.
In addition, JP-A-2003-305787 discloses “an integrated film which contains a transparent polymer support having a surface for holding polymer beads wherein the swelling ratio, size and laydown of the beads are selected such that a static friction coefficient of one surface is 0.68 or less and an internal haze value is 0.1 or less.
Aspects of non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure relate to provide a resin composition from which a resin molded article having high puncture strength may be obtained, compared with a resin composition which contains a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms and does not satisfy the condition (1A) or (2), or a resin composition which contains a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms and does not satisfy the condition (1B) or (2).
Aspects of certain non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure address the features discussed above and/or other features not described above. However, aspects of the non-limiting embodiments are not required to address the above features, and aspects of the non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure may not address features described above.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a resin composition containing a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms, the resin composition satisfying conditions (1A) and (2):
(1A) a static friction coefficient is 0.2 to 0.4, measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using test pieces each having a weight of 200 g and a contact area of 80 mm×200 mm, prepared from the resin composition, under conditions of a moving speed of 100 mm/min; and
(2) a tensile elastic modulus is 1,400 MPa to 2,500 MPa, measured according to ISO 527-1: 2012, using a test piece having a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 10 mm prepared from the resin composition.
Hereinafter, an embodiment which is an example of the present invention is described. These descriptions and examples are illustrative of the embodiments and do not limit the scope of the invention.
In the numerical ranges described in the exemplary embodiment in stages, the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced by the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range of another numerical range. In addition, in the numerical range described in the exemplary embodiment, the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical value range may be replaced by the values shown in the examples.
In the exemplary embodiment, each component may contain a plurality of corresponding substances. In the present disclosure, in a case of referring to the amount of each component in a composition, it means the total amount of the plurality of kinds of substances present in the composition when there are a plurality of kinds of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, unless otherwise specified.
In the exemplary embodiment, “(meth)acryl” means at least one of acryl and methacryl, and “(meth)acrylate” means at least one of acrylate and methacrylate.
In the exemplary embodiment, the cellulose acylate (A), the ester compound (B), the plasticizer (C) and the thermoplastic elastomer (D) are also referred to as component (A), component (B), component (C) and component (D), respectively.
The resin composition according to a first embodiment is a resin composition which contains a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms and satisfies the conditions (1A) and (2).
(1A) A static friction coefficient is 0.2 to 0.4, measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using test pieces each having a weight of 200 g and a contact area of 80 mm×200 mm, prepared from the resin composition, under conditions of a moving speed of 100 mm/min.
(2) A tensile elastic modulus is 1,400 MPa to 2,500 MPa, measured according to ISO 527-1: 2012, using a test piece having a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 10 mm prepared from the resin composition.
The resin composition according to the first embodiment may contain other components such as an ester compound (B), a plasticizer (C), a thermoplastic elastomer (D), or the like, which will be described later.
Unlike a resin composition derived from a fossil resource such as petroleum, there is a case where it is difficult to freely design a molecular structure of a resin composition containing a conventional biomass-derived component, it is difficult to impart desired properties, and the puncture impact strength of the resin molded article may be insufficient.
On the other hand, a resin composition according to a first embodiment has the above configuration, so that a resin molded article having high puncture strength may be obtained. The reasons for this are presumed as follows.
In the resin composition having the static friction coefficient shown in the condition (1A) of 0.4 or less, in the process of kneading each raw material at the time of forming the resin molded article, the rotating force (torque) at the time when a rotation body (screw) starts to rotate tends to be suppressed. Therefore, in the process of kneading, localized heat generation tends to be suppressed, and decomposition of a resin having a carbon atom derived from biomass which is sensitive to heat such as a plant-derived component tends to be suppressed. As a result, it is estimated that the puncture strength is improved.
The resin molded article obtained from the resin composition satisfying the condition (2) has moderately high tensile elastic modulus of 1,400 MPa to 2,500 MPa. The resin molded article tends to suppress the excessive density of the molded body due to the flow of the resin composition in a kneading step, a molding step (for example, an injection molding step), or the like. Further, when molding the resin composition, a molding load is difficultly to be applied, and molding is easy without lowering the dispersibility of the resin composition. Therefore, it is presumed that a resin molded article having high puncture strength may be obtained since the resin molded article is a resin molded article having an appropriate density and high dispersibility.
As described above, it is estimated that the resin molded article obtained from the resin composition satisfying the conditions (1A) and (2) has high puncture strength.
In addition, a resin composition according to a second embodiment contains a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms and satisfies the conditions (1B) and (2).
(1B) a dynamic friction coefficient is 0.1 to 0.3, measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using test pieces each having a weight of 200 g and a contact area of 80 mm×200 mm, prepared from the resin composition, under a condition of a moving speed of 100 mm/min.
(2) a tensile elastic modulus is 1,400 MPa to 2,500 MPa, measured according to ISO 527-1: 2012, using a test piece having a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 10 mm prepared from the resin composition.
The resin composition according to the second embodiment may contain other components such as an ester compound (B), a plasticizer (C), a thermoplastic elastomer (D), or the like, which will be described later.
As described above, there is a case where it is difficult for the resin composition containing a conventional biomass-derived component to impart desired properties, and the puncture impact strength of the resin molded article may be insufficient.
On the other hand, the resin composition according to the second embodiment has the above configuration, so that a resin molded article having high puncture strength may be obtained. The reasons for this are presumed as follows.
For example, when the resin composition in which the dynamic friction coefficient shown in the condition (1B) is 0.1 to 0.3 is settled to a steady state in the kneading step, the mixing property of the kneaded resin composition tends to be stabilized easily. Therefore, it is easy to form a resin molded article in which the resin composition has high dispersibility. As a result, it is estimated that the puncture strength is improved.
The resin molded article obtained from the resin composition satisfying the condition (2) has moderately high tensile elastic modulus of 1,400 MPa to 2,500 MPa. As described above, the resin molded article is a resin molded article having an appropriate density and high dispersibility, so it is estimated that a resin molded article having high puncture strength may be obtained.
As described above, it is estimated that the resin molded article obtained from the resin composition satisfying the conditions (1B) and (2) has high puncture strength.
Hereinafter, the configuration of the aqueous ink according to the first and second embodiments (hereinafter referred to as “the exemplary embodiment” for convenience) will be described in detail. Reference numerals may be omitted.
The resin composition according to the first embodiment satisfies the conditions (1A) and (2). The resin composition according to the first embodiment may further satisfy the condition (1B).
The resin composition according to the second embodiment satisfies the conditions (1B) and (2). The resin composition according to the second embodiment may further satisfy the condition (1A).
From the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, it is preferable that the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment further satisfies the conditions (3) and (4).
In the resin composition according to the first embodiment, a static friction coefficient is 0.2 to 0.4, measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using test pieces each having a weight of 200 g and a contact area of 80 mm×200 mm, prepared from the resin composition, under conditions of a moving speed of 100 mm/min.
The static friction coefficient is preferably from 0.2 to 0.35, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.3, and further preferably from 0.2 to 0.28 from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The static friction coefficient is adjusted by, for example, types and contents of the resins contained in the resin composition, the type and content of the ester compound (B) described later, and the type and content of the plasticizer (C) described later.
In the resin composition according to the second embodiment, from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, a dynamic friction coefficient is 0.1 to 0.3, measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using test pieces each having a weight of 200 g and a contact area of 80 mm×200 mm, prepared from the resin composition, under a condition of a moving speed of 100 mm/min.
The dynamic friction coefficient is preferably from 0.1 to 0.28, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.25, and further preferably from 0.1 to 0.24 from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The dynamic friction coefficient is adjusted by, for example, the types and contents of the resins contained in the resin composition, the type and content of the ester compound (B) described later, and the type and content of the plasticizer (C) described later.
In the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment, a tensile elastic modulus is 1,400 MPa to 2,500 MPa, measured according to ISO 527-1: 2012, using a test piece having a thickness of 4 mm and a width of 10 mm prepared from the resin composition.
From the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, the tensile elastic modulus is preferably from 1,450 MPa to 2,400 MPa, more preferably from 1,550 MPa to 2,200 MPa, further preferably from 1,600 MPa to 2,000 MPa.
The tensile elastic modulus is adjusted by, for example, the types and contents of the resins contained in the resin composition, the type and content of the ester compound (B) described later, and the type and content of the plasticizer (C) described later.
In the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the static friction coefficient (SFC) to the tensile elastic modulus (EM) preferably satisfies 0.00009<(SFC)/(EM)<0.0003, more preferably satisfies 0.0001<(SFC)/(EM)<0.0003, further preferably satisfies 0.00015<(SFC)/(EM)<0.00025.
The value of (SFC)/(EM) represents the ratio of the initial frictional resistance to the surface hardness. When the value of (SFC)/(EM) is large, self-deformation due to friction tends to be reduced and surface abrasion tends to occur easily. On the other hand, when the value of (SFC)/(EM) is small, the surface abrasion hardly occurs, so that self-deformation tends to be easy.
As a method for obtaining the resin composition satisfying the condition (3), examples include a method which adjusts the types and contents of the resins contained in the resin composition, the type and content of the ester compound (B) described later, the processing aid (C) described later, and the like; a method which controls each component high-order phase structure by preparation of kneading conditions; and a method which individually adjusts the surface and internal structure of the molded body by combining the above methods.
In the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment, the relationship between the dynamic friction coefficient (DFC) and the tensile elastic modulus (EM) preferably satisfies 0.00004<(DFC)/(EM)<0.00018, more preferably satisfies 0.00008<(DFC)/(EM)<0.00016, further preferably satisfies 0.0001<(DFC)/(EM)<0.00015.
The value of (DFC)/(EM) represents the ratio of hardness to steady friction rather than initial friction when the resin composition rubs. When the value of (DFC)/(EM) is large, the stability of friction tends to be high. On the other hand, when the value of (DFC)/(EM) is small, occurrence of abnormal noise tends to be suppressed when the resin composition rubs.
As a method for obtaining the resin composition satisfying the condition (4), examples include a method which adjusts the types and contents of the resins contained in the resin composition, the type and content of the ester compound (B) described later, the processing aid (C) described later, and the like; a method which controls each component high-order phase structure by preparation of kneading conditions; and a method which individually adjusts the surface and internal structure of the molded body by combining the above methods.
Hereinafter, the components of the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment are described in detail.
The resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment contains a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms.
The resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and a known resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms is used.
Further, as the resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms, the whole resin may not necessarily be derived from biomass, and at least a part thereof may have a biomass-derived structure. Specifically, for example, as the cellulose acylate to be described later, the cellulose structure may be derived from biomass and the acylate structure may be derived from petroleum.
In the exemplary embodiment, “the resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms” is a resin having at least a carbon atom derived from an organic resource derived from a living thing except a fossil resource, and indicates the presence of biomass-derived carbon atoms from the abundance of 14C based on ASTM D 6866: 2012 as described later.
From the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having better detachability, the content of the biomass-derived carbon atoms in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment as defined in ASTM D 6866: 2012 is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, further preferably 35% or more, and particularly preferably 40% or more and 100% or less with respect to the total amount of carbon atoms in the resin composition.
In the exemplary embodiment, the method of measuring the content of the biomass-derived carbon atoms in the resin composition is a method in which the abundance of 14C at all carbon atoms in the resin composition is measured and the content of the biomass-derived carbon atoms is calculated according to ASTM D 6866: 2012.
Examples of the resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms include cellulose acylate, polylactic acid, polyolefin derived from biomass, polyethylene terephthalate derived from biomass, polyamide derived from biomass, poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), isosorbide polymer, acrylic acid modified rosin, or the like.
Of those, as the resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, the resin is preferable to include cellulose acylate (A), and more preferably is cellulose acylate (A).
Cellulose acylate (A) is a cellulose derivative in which at least part of the hydroxyl groups in cellulose are substituted (acylated) with an acyl group. The acyl group is a group having a structure of —CO-RAC (RAC represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group).
The cellulose acylate (A) is, for example, a cellulose derivative represented by the following General Formula (CA).
In the General Formula (CA), A1, A2 and A3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more. However, at least a part of n A1, n A2 and n A3 represents an acyl group. All of n A1 in the molecule may be the same, partly the same or different from each other. Similarly, all of n A2 and n A3 in the molecule may be the same, partly the same or different from each other.
The hydrocarbon group in the acyl group represented by A1, A2 and A3 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched, and more preferably linear.
The hydrocarbon group in the acyl group represented by A1, A2 and A3 may be a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a saturated hydrocarbon group.
The acyl group represented by A1, A2 and A3 is preferably an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. That is, the cellulose acylate (A) preferably has an acyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A resin molded article having higher puncture strength may be more easily obtained from the cellulose acylate (A) having an acyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, than a cellulose acylate (A) having an acyl group with 7 or more carbon atoms.
The acyl group represented by A1, A2 and A3 may be a group in which a hydrogen atom in the acyl group is substituted with a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom), an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or the like, and is preferably unsubstituted.
Examples of the acyl group represented by A1, A2 and A3 include a formyl group, an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group (a butanoyl group), a propenoyl group, and a hexanoyl group. Of these, as the acyl group, an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is preferred, and an acyl group having 2 or 3 carbons is more preferred, from the viewpoint of obtaining the moldability of the resin composition and a resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
Examples of cellulose acylate (A) include a cellulose acetate (cellulose monoacetate, cellulose diacetate (DAC), cellulose triacetate), a cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), a cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB).
As the cellulose acylate (A), a cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and a cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) are preferred, and a cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) is more preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The cellulose acylate (A) may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
The cellulose acylate (A) preferably has a weight-average polymerization degree of 200 to 1,000, more preferably 500 to 1,000, and still more preferably 600 to 1,000 from the viewpoint of obtaining the moldability of the resin composition and the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The weight-average polymerization degree of the cellulose acylate (A) is determined from the weight average molecular weight (Mw) by the following procedures.
First, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the cellulose acylate (A) is measured in terms of polystyrene by a gel permeation chromatography apparatus (GPC apparatus: HLC-8320 GPC manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, column: TSK gel α-M) using tetrahydrofuran.
Subsequently, the degree of polymerization of the cellulose acylate (A) is determined by dividing by the structural unit molecular weight of the cellulose acylate (A). For example, in a case where the substituent of the cellulose acylate is an acetyl group, the structural unit molecular weight is 263 when the degree of substitution is 2.4 and is 284 when the degree of substitution is 2.9.
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the resin in the exemplary embodiment is also measured by the same method as the method for measuring the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose acylate (A).
The cellulose acylate (A) preferably has a degree of substitution of 2.1 to 2.9, more preferably 2.2 to 2.9, still more preferably 2.3 to 2.9, and particularly preferably 2.6 to 2.9, from the viewpoint of obtaining the moldability of the resin composition and the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
In the cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), a ratio of the degree of substitution between the acetyl group and the propionyl group (acetyl group/propionyl group) is preferably 0.01 to 1, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.1, from the viewpoint of obtaining the moldability of the resin composition and the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The CAP preferably satisfies at least one of the following (1), (2), (3) and (4), more preferably satisfies the following (1), (3) and (4), and still more preferably satisfies the following (2), (3) and (4).
(1) When measured by the GPC method using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene is 160,000 to 250,000, and a ratio Mn/Mz of a number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene to a Z average molecular weight (Mz) in terms of polystyrene is 0.14 to 0.21.
(2) When measured by the GPC method using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene is 160,000 to 250,000, a ratio Mn/Mz of a number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene to a Z average molecular weight (Mz) in terms of polystyrene is 0.14 to 0.21, and a ratio Mw/Mz of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene to the Z average molecular weight (Mz) in terms of polystyrene is 0.3 to 0.7.
(3) When measured with a Capirograph at a condition of 230° C. according to ISO 11443:1995, a ratio η1/η2 of a viscosity η1 (Pa·s) at a shear rate of 1216 (/sec) to a viscosity η2 (P·s) at a shear rate of 121.6 (/sec) is 0.1 to 0.3.
(4) When a small square plate test piece (D11 test piece specified by JIS K7139:2009, 60 mm×60 mm, thickness 1 mm) obtained by injection molding of the CAP is allowed to stand in an atmosphere at a temperature of 65° C. and a relative humidity of 85% for 48 hours, both an expansion coefficient in an MD direction and an expansion coefficient in a TD direction are 0.4% to 0.6%. Here, the MD direction means the length direction of the cavity of the mold used for injection molding, and the TD direction means the direction orthogonal to the MD direction.
In the cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), a ratio of degrees of substitution of the acetyl group to the butyryl group (acetyl group/butyryl group) is preferably 0.05 to 3.5, and more preferably 0.5 to 3.0, from the viewpoint of obtaining the moldability of the resin composition and the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The degree of substitution of the cellulose acylate (A) is an index indicating the degree to which the hydroxyl group of cellulose is substituted with an acyl group. That is, the degree of substitution is an index indicating the degree of acylation of the cellulose acylate (A). Specifically, the degree of substitution means the intramolecular average of the number of substitution in which three hydroxyl groups in a D-glucopyranose unit of the cellulose acylate are substituted with the acyl group.
The degree of substitution is determined from an integrated ratio of peaks of a cellulose-derived hydrogen atom and an acyl group-derived hydrogen atom with 1H-NMR (JMN-ECA, manufactured by JEOL RESONANCE Co., Ltd.).
The resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
From the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength, the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment preferably further contains: an ester compound (B) being at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following General Formula (1), a compound represented by the following General Formula (2), a compound represented by the following General Formula (3), a compound represented by the following General Formula (4), and a compound represented by the following General Formula (5).
Of those, from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment, the ester compound (B) is preferably at least one selected from a group consisting of a compound represented by the following General Formula (1), a compound represented by General Formula (2), and the compound represented by the General Formula (3); is more preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the following General Formula (1) and the compound represented by the General Formula (2); and particularly preferably contains a compound represented by the following General Formula (1).
In the General Formula (1), R11 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms, and R12 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 9 to 28 carbon atoms.
In the General Formula (2), R21 and R22 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms.
In the General Formula (3), R31 and R32 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms.
In the General Formula (4), R41, R42, and R43 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms.
In the General Formula (5), R51, R52, R53, and R54 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms.
R11 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms. The group represented by R11 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 9 or more carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, and still more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 15 or more carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily act as a lubricant with respect to the molecular chain of the resin. The group represented by R11 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 24 or less carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin (in particular, cellulose acylate (A), the same applies hereinafter). The group represented by R11 is particularly preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 17 carbon atoms.
The group represented by R11 may be a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The group represented by R11 is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin.
The group represented by R11 may be a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an alicyclic-containing aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The group represented by R11 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group not containing an alicyclic ring (i.e., a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group), and more preferably a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin.
When group represented by R11 is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the number of unsaturated bonds in the group is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin.
When the group represented by R11 is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the group preferably contains a linear saturated hydrocarbon chain having 5 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably a straight chain saturated hydrocarbon chain having 7 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear saturated hydrocarbon chain having 7 to 22 carbon atoms, still more preferably a linear saturated hydrocarbon chain having 9 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a linear saturated hydrocarbon chain having 15 to 18 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin and easily acts as a lubricant with respect to the molecular chain of the resin.
When the group represented by R11 is a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the number of branched chains in the group is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin.
When the group represented by R11 is a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the main chain of the group preferably has 5 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 22 carbon atoms, still more preferably 9 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 15 to 18 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin and easily acts as a lubricant with respect to the molecular chain of the resin.
When the group represented by R11 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing an alicyclic ring, the number of alicyclic rings in the group is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin.
When the group represented by R11 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing an alicyclic ring, the alicyclic ring in the group is preferably an alicyclic ring having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alicyclic ring having 3 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the resin.
The group represented by R11 is preferably a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and particularly preferably a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength. The preferred number of carbon atoms in these aliphatic hydrocarbon groups is as described above.
The group represented by R11 may be a group in which a hydrogen atom in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is substituted with a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom), an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or the like, and is preferably unsubstituted.
R12 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 9 to 28 carbon atoms. Examples of the group represented by R12 include the same forms as those described for R1. However, the number of carbon atoms of the group represented by R12 is preferably or less.
The group represented by R12 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 11 or more carbon atoms, and still more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 16 or more carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily acts as a lubricant with respect to the molecular chain of the resin. The group represented by R12 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 24 or less carbon atoms, more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 20 or less carbon atoms, and still more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms, from the viewpoint that the group easily enters between the molecular chains of the cellulose acylate (A). The group represented by R12 is particularly preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 18 carbon atoms.
The group represented by R11 is preferably a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a branched unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and particularly preferably a linear saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength. The preferred number of carbon atoms in these aliphatic hydrocarbon groups is as described above.
The specific forms and preferred forms of the groups represented by R21, R22, R31, R32, R41, R42, R43, R51, R52, R53 and R54 are the same as those described for R11.
Hereinafter, specific examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms represented by R11, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41, R42, R43, R51, R52, R53 and R54 and specific examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 9 to 28 carbon atoms represented by R12 are shown, but the exemplary embodiment is not limited thereto.
The ester compound (B) may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
From the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, it is preferable that the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment further contains a plasticizer (C).
Examples of the plasticizer (C) include a cardanol compound, an ester compound other than the ester compound (B), camphor, a metal soap, a polyol, a polyalkylene oxide, or the like. The plasticizer (C) is preferably a cardanol compound from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The plasticizer (C) may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
The plasticizer (C) is preferably a cardanol compound or an ester compound other than the ester compound (B) from the viewpoint of easily obtaining an effect of improving the puncture strength by adding the ester compound (B). Hereinafter, the cardanol compound and the ester compound suitable as the plasticizer (C) will be specifically described.
The cardanol compound refers to a component (e.g., a compound represented by the following structural formulas (c-1) to (c-4)) contained in a compound naturally derived from cashews or a derivative derived from the above components.
The cardanol compound may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
The resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment may contain, as the cardanol compound, a mixture of compounds naturally derived from cashews (hereinafter also referred to as “cashew-derived mixture”).
The resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment may contain a derivative from the cashew-derived mixture as the cardanol compound. Examples of the derivative from the cashew-derived mixture include the following mixtures or pure substances.
Here, the pure substance includes a multimer such as a dimer and a trimer.
The cardanol compound is preferably a compound being at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by a General Formula (CDN1) and a polymer obtained by polymerizing a compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1), from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
In the General Formula (CDN1), R1 represents an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent. R2 represents a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent. P2 represents an integer of 0 to 4. When P2 is 2 or more, a plurality of R2 may be the same group or different groups.
In the General Formula (CDN1), the alkyl group optionally having a substituent represented by R1 is preferably an alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 5 to 25 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
Examples of the substituent include: a hydroxy group; a substituent containing an ether bond, such as an epoxy group or a methoxy group; a substituent containing an ester bond, such as an acetyl group or a propionyl group; or the like.
Examples of the alkyl group optionally having a substituent include pentadecan-1-yl, heptan-1-yl, octan-1-yl, nonan-1-yl, decan-1-yl, undecan-1-yl, dodecan-1-yl, tetradecan-1-yl, or the like.
In the General Formula (CDN1), the unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent represented by R1 is preferably an unsaturated aliphatic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an unsaturated aliphatic group having 5 to 25 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an unsaturated aliphatic group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
The number of the double bond contained in the unsaturated aliphatic group is preferably 1 to 3.
Examples of the substituent include those listed as the substituent of the alkyl group.
Examples of the unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent include pentadeca-8-en-1-yl, pentadeca-8,11-dien-1-yl, pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl, pentadec-7-en-1-yl, pentadeca-7,10-dien-1-yl, pentadeca-7,10,14-trien-1-yl, or the like.
In the General Formula (CDN1), R1 is preferably pentadeca-8-en-1-yl, pentadeca-8,11-dien-1-yl, pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl, pentadec-7-en-1-yl, pentadeca-7,10-dien-1-yl, and pentadeca-7,10,14-trien-1-yl.
In the General Formula (CDN1), preferred examples of the alkyl group optionally having a substituent and the unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent, which are represented by R2, include those listed as the alkyl group optionally having a substituent and the unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent, which are represented by R1.
The compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1) may be further modified. For example, the compound may be epoxidized. Specifically, the compound may be a compound having a structure in which the hydroxy group of the compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1) is replaced with the following group (EP), i.e., a compound represented by the following General Formula (CDN1-e).
In the group (EP) and the General Formula (CDN1-e), LEP represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. In the General Formula (CDN1-e), R1, R2 and P2 each independently have the same meanings as R1, R2 and P2 in the General Formula (CDN1).
In the group (EP) and the General Formula (CDN1-e), examples of the divalent linking group represented by LEP include an alkylene group optionally having a substituent (preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 1 carbon atom), —CH2CH2OCH2CH2—, or the like.
Examples of the substituent include those listed as the substituent for R1 of the General Formula (CDN1).
LEP is preferably a methylene group.
The polymer obtained by polymerizing a compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1) refers to a polymer obtained by polymerizing at least two compounds represented by the General Formula (CDN1) with or without a linking group.
Examples of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1) include a compound represented by the following General Formula (CDN2).
In the General Formula (CDN2), R11, R12 and R13 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent. R21, R22 and R23 each independently represent a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent. P21 and P23 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3, and P22 represents an integer of 0 to 2. L1 and L2 each independently represent a divalent linking group. n represents an integer of 0 to 10. A plurality of R21 when P21 is 2 or more, a plurality of R22 when P22 is 2 or more, and a plurality of R23 when P23 is 2 or more may be the same group or different groups, separately. A plurality of R12, R22, and L1 when n is 2 or more may be the same group or different groups separately, and a plurality of P22 when n is 2 or more may be the same group or different group.
In the General Formula (CDN2), preferred examples of the alkyl group optionally having a substituent, and the unsaturated aliphatic group optionally having a double bond and a substituent, which are represented by R11, R12, R13, R21, R22 and R23 include those listed for R1 of the General Formula (CDN1).
In the General Formula (CDN2), examples of the divalent linking group represented by L1 and L2 include an alkylene group optionally having a substituent (preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms), or the like.
Examples of the substituent include those listed as the substituent for R1 of the General Formula (CDN1).
In the General Formula (CDN2), n is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 5.
The compound represented by the General Formula (CDN2) may be further modified. For example, the compound may be epoxidized. Specifically, the compound may be a compound having a structure in which the hydroxy group of the compound represented by the General Formula (CDN2) is replaced with the group (EP), i.e., a compound represented by the following General Formula (CDN2-e).
In the General Formula (CDN2-e), R11, R12, R13, R21, R22, R23, P21, P22, P23, L1, and L2 each have the same meaning as R11, R12, R13, R21, R22, R23, P21, P22, P23, L1, L2 and n in the general formula (CDN2).
In the General Formula (CDN2-e), LEP1, LEP2 and LEP3 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group. When n is 2 or more, a plurality of LEP2 may be the same group or different groups.
In the General Formula (CDN2-e), preferred examples of the divalent linking group represented by LEP1, LEP2 and LEP3 include those listed for the divalent linking group represented by LEP in the General Formula (CDN1-e).
The polymer obtained by polymerizing a compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1) may be, for example, a polymer obtained by three-dimensionally crosslinking and polymerizing at least three compounds represented by the General Formula (CDN1) with or without a linking group. Examples of the polymer obtained by three-dimensionally crosslinking and polymerizing the compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1) include a compound represented by the following structural formula.
In the above structural formula, R10, R20 and P20 each independently have the same meanings as R1, R2 and P2 in the General Formula (CDN1). L10 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. A plurality of R10, R20 and L10 may be the same group or different groups, separately. A plurality of P20 may be the same number or different numbers.
In the above structural formula, examples of the divalent linking group represented by L10 include an alkylene group optionally having a substituent (preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms), or the like.
Examples of the substituent include those listed as the substituent for R1 of the General Formula (CDN1).
The compound represented by the above structural formula may be further modified. For example, the compound may be epoxidized. Specifically, the compound may be a compound having a structure in which the hydroxy group of the compound represented by the above structural formula is replaced by the group (EP), for example, a polymer represented by the following structural formula, i.e., a polymer obtained by three-dimensionally crosslinking and polymerizing the compound represented by the General Formula (CDN1-e).
In the above structural formula, R10, R20 and P20 each independently have the same meanings as R1, R2 and P2 in the General Formula (CDN1-e). L10 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group. A plurality of R10, R20 and L10 may be the same group or different groups, separately. A plurality of P20 may be the same number or different numbers.
In the above structural formula, examples of the divalent linking group represented by L10 include an alkylene group optionally having a substituent (preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms), or the like.
Examples of the substituent include those listed as the substituent for R1 of the General Formula (CDN1).
The cardanol compound preferably contains a cardanol compound having an epoxy group, and is more preferably a cardanol compound having an epoxy group, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
A commercially available product may be used as the cardanol compound. Examples of the commercially available product include: NX-2024, Ultra LITE 2023, NX-2026, GX-2503, NC-510, LITE 2020, NX-9001, NX-9004, NX-9007, NX-9008, NX-9201, and NX-9203, manufactured by Cardolite Corporation; LB-7000, LB-7250, and CD-5L manufactured by Tohoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; or the like. Examples of the commercially available product of the cardanol compound having an epoxy group include NC-513, NC-514S, NC-547, LITE 513E, and Ultra LTE 513 manufactured by Cardolite Corporation.
The cardanol compound preferably has a hydroxyl value of 100 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 120 mgKOH/g or more, and still more preferably 150 mgKOH/g or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength. The hydroxyl value of the cardanol compound is measured according to Method A of ISO14900.
When a cardanol compound having an epoxy group is used as the cardanol compound, an epoxy equivalent is preferably 300 to 500, more preferably 350 to 480, and still more preferably 400 to 470, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength. The epoxy equivalent of the cardanol compound having an epoxy group is measured according to ISO3001.
The ester compound contained as the plasticizer (C) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is an ester compound other than the compounds represented by the General Formulas (1) to (5).
Examples of the ester compound as the plasticizer (C) include a dicarboxylic diester, a citric acid ester, a polyether ester compound, a glycol benzoate, a compound represented by the following General Formula (6), an epoxidized fatty acid ester, or the like. Examples of the ester include a monoester, a diester, a triester, and a polyester.
In the General Formula (6), R61 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 28 carbon atoms, and R62 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
The specific form and preferred form of the group represented by R61 include the same form as the group represented by R11 in the General Formula (1).
The group represented by R62 may be a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The group represented by R62 may be a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing an alicyclic ring, and is preferably a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The group represented by R62 may be a group in which a hydrogen atom in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is substituted with a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom), an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or the like, and is preferably unsubstituted. The group represented by R62 preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 3 or more carbon atoms, and still more preferably 4 or more carbon atoms.
Specific examples of the ester compound contained as the plasticizer (C) include adipates, citrates, sebacates, azelates, phthalates, acetates, dibasiates, phosphates, condensed phosphates, glycol esters (e.g., glycol benzoate), modified products of fatty acid esters (e.g., epoxidized fatty acid esters), or the like. Examples of the above ester include a monoester, a diester, a triester, and a polyester. Of these, dicarboxylic diesters (e.g., adipic acid diester, sebacic acid diester, azelaic acid diester, and phthalic acid diester) are preferred.
The ester compound contained as the plasticizer (C) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment preferably has a molecular weight (or a weight average molecular weight) of 200 to 2,000, more preferably 250 to 1,500, and still more preferably 280 to 1,000. The weight average molecular weight of the ester compound is not particularly limited, and is a value measured according to the method of measuring the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose acylate (A).
The plasticizer (C) is preferably an adipate ester. The adipate ester has high affinity with the cellulose acylate (A), and disperses in a state close to uniformity to the cellulose acylate (A), thereby further improving the thermal fluidity as compared with another plasticizer (C).
Examples of the adipate ester include an adipate diester and an adipate polyester. Specifically, examples include an adipate diester represented by the following General Formula (AE) and an adipate polyester represented by the following General Formula (APE).
In the General Formula (AE), RAE1 and RAE2 each independently represent an alkyl group or a polyoxyalkyl group [—(CxH2X—O)y—RA1] (Here, RA1 represents an alkyl group, x represents an integer of 1 to 10, and y represents an integer of 1 to 10.).
In the General Formula (APE), RAE1 and RAE2 each independently represent an alkyl group or a polyoxyalkyl group [—(CxH2X—O)y—RA1] (Here, RA1 represents an alkyl group, x represents an integer of 1 to 10, and y represents an integer of 1 to 10.), and RAE3 represents an alkylene group. m1 represents an integer of 1 to 10, and m2 represents an integer of 1 to 20.
In the General Formula (AE) and the General Formula (APE), the alkyl group represented by RAE1 and RAE2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 8 carbon atoms. The alkyl group represented by RAE1 and RAE2 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched.
In the polyoxyalkyl group [—(CxH2X—O)y—RA1] represented by RAE1 and RAE2 in the General Formula (AE) and the General Formula (APE), the alkyl group represented by RA1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkyl group represented by RA1 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched.
In the general formula (APE), the alkylene group represented by RAE3 is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkylene group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched.
In the General Formula (APE), m1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and m2 is preferably an integer of 1 to 10.
In the General Formula (AE) and the General Formula (APE), the group represented by each symbol may be substituted with a substituent. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxy group, or the like.
The adipate ester preferably has a molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of 250 to 2,000, more preferably 280 to 1,500, and still more preferably 300 to 1,000. The weight average molecular weight of the adipate ester is a value measured according to the method of measuring the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose acylate (A).
A mixture of an adipate ester and other components may be used as the adipate ester. Examples of the commercially available product of the mixture include Daifatty 101 manufactured by DAIHACHI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
The hydrocarbon group at the end of a fatty acid ester such as citric acid ester, sebacic acid ester, azelaic acid ester, phthalic acid ester, and acetic acid ester is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbons, and still more preferably an alkyl group having 8 carbons. The alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and is preferably linear or branched.
Examples of the fatty acid esters such as citric acid ester, sebacic acid ester, azelaic acid ester, phthalic acid ester, and acetic acid ester include an ester of a fatty acid and an alcohol. Examples of the alcohol include: monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and 2-ethylhexanol; polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, a polyglycerol (diglycerin or the like), pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylol ethane, and a sugar alcohol; or the like.
Examples of the glycol in the glycol benzoate include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or the like.
The epoxidized fatty acid ester is an ester compound having a structure (that is, oxacyclopropane) in which an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond of an unsaturated fatty acid ester is epoxidized. Examples of the epoxidized fatty acid ester include an ester of a fatty acid and an alcohol in which part or the entire unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in an unsaturated fatty acid (e.g., oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and nervonic acid) is epoxidized. Examples of the alcohol include: monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and 2-ethylhexanol; polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, a polyglycerol (diglycerin or the like), pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylol ethane, and a sugar alcohol; or the like.
Examples of the commercially available product of the epoxidized fatty acid ester include ADK Cizer D-32, D-55, O-130P, and O-180A (manufactured by ADEKA), and Sanso Cizer E-PS, nE-PS, E-PO, E-4030, E-6000, E-2000H, and E-9000H (manufactured by New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd.).
The polyetherester compound may be either a polyester unit or a polyether unit, each of which is aromatic or aliphatic (including alicyclic). The mass ratio of the polyester unit to the polyether unit is, for example, 20:80 to 80:20. The polyether ester compound preferably has a molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of 250 to 2000, more preferably 280 to 1500, and still more preferably 300 to 1000. Examples of the commercially available product of the polyether ester compound include ADK Cizer RS-1000 (ADEKA).
Examples of the polyether compound having at least one unsaturated bonds in the molecule include a polyether compound having an allyl group at the end, and a polyalkylene glycol allyl ether is preferred. The polyether compound having at least one unsaturated bonds in the molecule has a molecular weight (weight average molecular weight) of 250 to 2000, more preferably 280 to 1500, and still more preferably 300 to 1000. Examples of the commercially available product of the polyether compound having at least one unsaturated bonds in the molecule include polyalkylene glycol allyl ethers such as UNIOX PKA-5006, UNIOX PKA-5008, UNIOL PKA-5014, and UNIOL PKA-5017 (NOF CORPORATION).
From the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength, it is preferable that the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment further contains a thermoplastic elastomer (D).
The thermoplastic elastomer (D) is at least one thermoplastic elastomer selected from the group consisting of:
a core-shell structure polymer (d1), which includes a core layer containing a butadiene polymer, and a shell layer containing a polymer selected from a styrene polymer and an acrylonitrile-styrene polymer on the surface of the core layer;
a core-shell structure polymer (d2), which has a core layer and a shell layer containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer on the surface of the core layer;
an olefin polymer (d3), which is a polymer of an α-olefin and an alkyl (meth)acrylate and contains 60 mass % or more of a structural unit derived from the α-olefin;
a styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (d4);
a polyurethane (d5); and
a polyester (d6).
The component (D) is, for example, a thermoplastic elastomer having elasticity at ordinary temperature (25° C.) and softening at a high temperature like a thermoplastic resin.
From the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, the thermoplastic elastomer (D) preferably contains at least one thermoplastic elastomer selected from a group consisting of a core-shell structure polymer (d1) which has a core layer containing a butadiene polymer, a core layer containing a butadiene polymer, and a shell layer containing a polymer selected from a styrene polymer and an acrylonitrile-styrene polymer on the surface of the core layer, a core-shell structure polymer (d2) which has a shell layer containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer on the surface of the core layer, a styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (d4), a polyurethane (d5) and a polyester (d6), and more preferably contains the core-shell structure polymer (d2) which has a shell layer containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer on the surface of the core layer.
From the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, the thermoplastic elastomer (D) is preferably a particulate thermoplastic elastomer. That is, from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength, the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment preferably contains thermoplastic elastomer particles as the thermoplastic elastomer (D).
Core-shell Structure Polymer (d1): Component (d1)
The core-shell structure polymer (d1) is a polymer having a core-shell structure with a core layer and a shell layer on the surface of the core layer.
The core-shell structure polymer (d1) is a polymer having a core layer as the innermost layer and a shell layer as the outermost layer (specifically, a shell layer polymer obtained by grafting and polymerizing an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer to a core layer polymer).
One or more other layers (for example, one to six other layers) may be provided between the core layer and the shell layer. When another layer is provided between the core layer and the shell layer, the core-shell structure polymer (d1) is a multi-layer polymer obtained by grafting and polymerizing a plurality of polymers to a core layer polymer.
The core layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably a rubber layer. Examples of the rubber layer include a layer of a (meth)acrylic rubber, a silicone rubber, a styrene rubber, a conjugated diene rubber, an α-olefin rubber, a nitrile rubber, a urethane rubber, a polyester rubber, a polyamide rubber, and a copolymer rubber of two or more of the above rubbers. Of these, the rubber layer is preferably a layer of a (meth)acrylic rubber, a silicone rubber, a styrene rubber, a conjugated diene rubber, an α-olefin rubber, and a copolymer rubber of two or more of the above rubbers. The rubber layer may be obtained by copolymerizing and crosslinking agents (divinylbenzene, allyl acrylate, butylene glycol diacrylate or the like).
Examples of the (meth)acrylic rubber include a polymer rubber obtained by polymerizing a (meth)acrylic component (for example, alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms).
Examples of the silicone rubber include a rubber containing a silicone component (polydimethylsiloxane, polyphenylsiloxane, or the like).
Examples of the styrene rubber include a polymer rubber obtained by polymerizing a styrene component (styrene, α-methylstyrene, or the like).
Examples of the conjugated diene rubber include a polymer rubber obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene component (butadiene, isoprene, or the like).
Examples of the α-olefin rubber include a polymer rubber obtained by polymerizing an α-olefin component (ethylene, propylene, and 2-methylpropylene).
Examples of the copolymer rubber include a copolymer rubber obtained by polymerizing two or more kinds of (meth)acrylic components, a copolymer rubber obtained by polymerizing two or more kinds of (meth)acrylic components, a copolymer of a (meth)acrylic component, a conjugated diene component and a styrene component, or the like.
Examples of the alkyl (meth)acrylate in the polymer constituting the shell layer include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, or the like. In the alkyl (meth)acrylate, at least a part of the hydrogen of the alkyl chain may be substituted. Examples of the substituent include an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogeno group, or the like.
Of these, the alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer is preferably an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer having an alkyl chain with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer having an alkyl chain with 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer having an alkyl chain with 1 carbon atom, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B).
The polymer constituting the shell layer may be, in addition to the alkyl (meth)acrylate, a polymer obtained by polymerizing at least one selected from a glycidyl group-containing vinyl compound and an unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride.
Examples of the glycidyl group-containing vinyl compound include glycidyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl itaconate, diglycidyl itaconate, allyl glycidyl ether, styrene-4-glycidyl ether, 4-glycidyl styrene, or the like.
Examples of the unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride include maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, aconitic anhydride, or the like. Of these, maleic anhydride is preferred.
When another layer is provided between the core layer and the shell layer, a layer of a polymer described for the shell layer is exemplified as another layer.
The mass percentage of the shell layer to the entire core-shell structure is preferably 1 mass % to 40 mass %, more preferably 3 mass % to 30 mass %, and still more preferably 5 mass % to 15 mass %.
The average primary particle diameter of the core-shell structure polymer is not particularly limited, and is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 50 nm to 400 nm, still more preferably 100 nm to 300 nm, and particularly preferably 150 nm to 250 nm, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B).
The average primary particle diameter refers to a value measured by the following method. Particles are observed with a scanning electron microscope, the maximum diameter of the primary particles is taken as the primary particle diameter, and the primary particle diameter of 100 particles is measured and averaged to obtain the average primary particle diameter. Specifically, the average primary particle diameter is obtained by observing the dispersed form of the core-shell structure polymer in the resin composition with a scanning electron microscope.
The core-shell structure polymer (d1) may be prepared by a known method.
Examples of the known method include an emulsion polymerization method. Specifically, the following method is exemplified as a manufacturing method. First, a mixture of monomers is subjected to emulsion polymerization to prepare core particles (core layer), and thereafter a mixture of other monomers is subjected to emulsion polymerization in the presence of the core particles (core layer) to prepare a core-shell structure polymer forming a shell layer around the core particles (core layer). When another layer is formed between the core layer and the shell layer, the emulsion polymerization of the mixture of other monomers is repeated to obtain a desired core-shell structure polymer including a core layer, another layer and a shell layer.
Examples of the commercially available product of the core-shell structure polymer (d1) include “METABLEN” (Registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, “Kane Ace” (Registered trademark) manufactured by Kaneka Corporation, “PARALOID” (Registered trademark) manufactured by the Dow Chemical Japan, “STAPHYLOID” (Registered trademark) manufactured by Aica Kogyo Company, Limited, “Paraface” (Registered trademark) manufactured by KURARAY CO., LTD., or the like.
Core-Shell Structure Polymer (d2): Component (d2)
The core-shell structure polymer (d2) is a polymer having a core-shell structure with a core layer and a shell layer on the surface of the core layer.
The core-shell structure polymer (d2) is a polymer having a core layer as the innermost layer and a shell layer as the outermost layer (specifically, a shell layer polymer obtained by grafting and polymerizing a styrene polymer or an acrylonitrile-styrene polymer to a core layer containing a butadiene polymer).
One or more other layers (for example, one to six other layers) may be provided between the core layer and the shell layer. When another layer is provided between the core layer and the shell layer, the core-shell structure polymer (d2) is a multi-layer polymer obtained by grafting and polymerizing a plurality of polymers to a core layer polymer.
The core layer containing a butadiene polymer is not particularly limited as long as it contains a polymer obtained by polymerizing a component containing butadiene, and may be a core layer containing a homopolymer of butadiene, or a core layer containing a copolymer of butadiene and another monomer. When the core layer contains a copolymer of butadiene and another monomer, examples of another monomer include vinyl aromatic monomers. Of the vinyl aromatic monomers, styrene components (for example, styrene, an alkyl-substituted styrene (e.g., α-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2-ethylstyrene, 3-ethylstyrene, and 4-ethylstyrene), and a halogen-substituted styrene (e.g., 2-chlorostyrene, 3-chlorostyrene, and 4-chlorostyrene)) are preferred. The styrene component may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof. Of these styrene components, styrene is preferably used. Polyfunctional monomers such as an allyl (meth)acrylate, an triallyl isocyanurate, and divinylbenzene may be used as another monomer.
Specifically, the core layer containing a butadiene polymer may be, for example, a homopolymer of butadiene, a copolymer of butadiene and styrene, or a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and divinylbenzene.
The butadiene polymer contained in the core layer contains 60 mass % to 100 mass % (preferably, 70 mass % to 100 mass %) of a structural unit derived from butadiene and 0 mass % to 40 mass % (preferably, 0 mass % to 30 mass %) of a structural unit derived from another monomer (preferably, a styrene component). For example, the percentage of the structural unit derived from each monomer constituting the butadiene polymer is 60 mass % to 100 mass % for butadiene and 0 mass % to 40 mass % for styrene. The percentage is preferably 0 mass % to 5 mass % for divinylbenzene based on the total amount of styrene and divinylbenzene.
The shell layer containing a styrene polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a shell layer containing a polymer obtained by polymerizing a styrene component, and may be a shell layer containing a homopolymer of styrene, or a shell layer containing a copolymer of styrene and another monomer. Examples of the styrene component include the styrene component as exemplified for the core layer. Examples of other monomer include alkyl (meth)acrylates (for example, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, and octadecyl (meth)acrylate), or the like. In the alkyl (meth)acrylate, at least a part of the hydrogen of the alkyl chain may be substituted. Examples of the substituent include an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogeno group, or the like. The alkyl (meth)acrylate may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof. Polyfunctional monomers such as an allyl (meth)acrylate, an triallyl isocyanurate, and divinylbenzene may be used as another monomer. The styrene polymer contained in the shell layer is preferably a copolymer of a styrene component in an amount of 85 mass % to 100 mass % and another monomer component (preferably, an alkyl (meth)acrylate) in an amount of 0 mass % to 15 mass %.
Of these, the styrene polymer contained in the shell layer is preferably a copolymer of styrene and an alkyl (meth)acrylate from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B). From the same viewpoint, a copolymer of styrene and an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl chain with 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, and an alkyl (meth)acrylate polymer having an alkyl chain with 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferred.
The shell layer containing an acrylonitrile-styrene polymer is a shell layer containing a copolymer of an acrylonitrile component and a styrene component. The acrylonitrile-styrene polymer is not particularly limited and examples thereof include a known acrylonitrile-styrene polymer. Examples of the acrylonitrile-styrene polymer include a copolymer of an acrylonitrile component in an amount of 10 mass % to 80 mass % and a styrene component in an amount of 20 mass % to 90 mass %. Examples of the styrene component copolymerizing with the acrylonitrile component include the styrene component as exemplified for the core layer. Polyfunctional monomers such as an allyl (meth)acrylate, an triallyl isocyanurate, divinylbenzene or the like may be used as the acrylonitrile-styrene polymer contained in the shell layer.
When another layer is provided between the core layer and the shell layer, a layer of a polymer described for the shell layer is exemplified as another layer.
The mass percentage of the shell layer to the entire core-shell structure is preferably 1 mass % to 40 mass %, more preferably 3 mass % to 30 mass %, and still more preferably 5 mass % to 15 mass %.
Of the component (d2), examples of the commercially available product of the core-shell structure polymer (d3) including a core layer containing a butadiene polymer and a shell layer containing a styrene polymer on the surface of core layer include “METABLEN” (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, “Kane Ace” (Registered trademark) manufactured by Kaneka Corporation, “Clearstrength” (registered trademark) manufactured by Arkema, and “PARALOID” (Registered trademark) manufactured by the Dow Chemical Japan.
Of the component (d2), examples of the commercially available product of the core-shell structure polymer (d3) including a core layer containing a butadiene polymer and a shell layer containing an acrylonitrile-styrene polymer on the surface of core layer include “Blendex” (registered trademark) manufactured by Galata Chemicals, “ELIX” manufactured by ELIX POLYMERS, or the like.
The average primary particle diameter of the core-shell structure polymer (d1) and the core-shell structure polymer (d2) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 50 nm to 400 nm, still more preferably 100 nm to 300 nm, and particularly preferably 150 nm to 250 nm, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
Further, the average primary particle diameter refers to a value measured by the following method. Particles are observed with a scanning electron microscope, the maximum diameter of the primary particles is taken as the primary particle diameter, and the primary particle diameter of 100 particles is measured and averaged to obtain the average primary particle diameter. Specifically, the average primary particle diameter is obtained by observing the dispersed form of the core-shell structure polymer in the resin composition with a scanning electron microscope.
The olefin polymer (d3) is a polymer of an α-olefin and an alkyl (meth)acrylate and preferably contains 60 mass % or more of a structural unit derived from the α-olefin.
Examples of the α-olefin in the olefin polymer include ethylene, propylene, 2-methylpropylene, or the like. An α-olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, and an α-olefin having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferred, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B). Of these, ethylene is still more preferred.
Examples of the alkyl (meth)acrylate polymerizing with the α-olefin include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, or the like. An alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl chain with 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl chain with 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferred, and an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl chain with 1 to 2 carbon atoms is still more preferred, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B).
The olefin polymer is preferably a polymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B).
The olefin polymer preferably contains 60 mass % to 97 mass % of and more preferably 70 mass % to 85 mass % of a structural unit derived from the α-olefin, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength by adding the component (B).
The olefin polymer may contains the structural unit derived from the α-olefin and another structural unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate. However, another structural unit is preferably 10 mass % or less based on all the structural units in the olefin polymer.
(Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer (d4): Component (d4))
The copolymer (d4) is not particularly limited as long as it is a thermoplastic elastomer, and examples thereof include a styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer. The copolymer (d4) may be a styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer and a hydrogenated product thereof.
The copolymer (d4) is preferably a hydrogenated product of the styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength. From the same viewpoint, the copolymer (d4) is preferably a block copolymer, and, for example, is preferably a copolymer (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer) having a block of the styrene portion at both ends and a block of a central portion containing ethylene/butylene by hydrogenating at least a part of the double bond of the butadiene portion. The ethylene/butylene block portion of the styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene copolymer may be a random copolymer.
The copolymer (d4) is obtained by a known method. When the copolymer (d4) is a hydrogenated product of the styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer, for example, the copolymer may be obtained by hydrogenating the butadiene portion of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer in which the conjugated diene portion includes 1,4 bonds.
Examples of the commercially available product of the copolymer (d4) include “Kraton” (registered trademark) manufactured by Kraton Corporation, “Septon” (registered trademark) manufactured by Kuraray CO., LTD., or the like.
Polyurethane (d5): Component (d5)
The polyurethane (d5) is not particularly limited as long as it is a thermoplastic elastomer, and examples thereof include a known polyurethane. The polyurethane (d5) is preferably a linear polyurethane. The polyurethane (d5) is obtained, for example, by reacting a polyol component (a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycarbonate polyol, or the like), an organic isocyanate component (an aromatic diisocyanate, an aliphatic (including alicyclic) diisocyanate, or the like), and, if necessary, a chain extender (an aliphatic (including alicyclic) diol, or the like). Each of the polyol component and the organic isocyanate component may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
The polyurethane (d5) is preferably an aliphatic polyurethane from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength. The aliphatic polyurethane is preferably obtained, for example, by reacting a polyol component containing a polycarbonate polyol with an isocyanate component containing an aliphatic diisocyanate.
The polyurethane (d5) may be obtained by reacting a polyol component with an organic isocyanate component in a manner that a value of the NCO/OH ratio in the raw material in the synthesis of polyurethane is within a range of 0.90 to 1.5. The polyurethane (d5) is obtained by a known method such as a one-shot method, a prepolymerization method or the like.
Examples of the commercially available product of the polyurethane (d5) include “Estane” (registered trademark) manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation, “Elastollan” (registered trademark) manufactured by BASF, or the like. Examples also include “Desmopan” (registered trademark) manufactured by Bayer, or the like.
(Polyester (d6): Component (d6))
The polyester (d6) is not particularly limited as long as it is a thermoplastic elastomer, and examples thereof include a known polyester. The polyester (d6) is preferably an aromatic polyester from the viewpoint of obtaining a resin molded article having higher puncture strength. In the exemplary embodiment, the aromatic polyester represents a polyester having an aromatic ring in the structure thereof.
Examples of the polyester (d6) include a polyester copolymer (polyether ester, polyester ester, or the like). Specific examples include a polyester copolymer having a hard segment including a polyester unit and a soft segment including a polyester unit; a polyester copolymer having a hard segment including a polyester unit and a soft segment including a polyether unit; and a polyester copolymer having a hard segment including a polyester unit and a soft segment including a polyether unit and a polyester unit. The mass ratio (hard segment/soft segment) of the hard segment and the soft segment in the polyester copolymer is preferably, for example, 20/80 to 80/20. The polyester unit constituting the hard segment and the polyester unit and the polyether unit constituting the soft segment may be either aromatic or aliphatic (including alicyclic).
The polyester copolymer as the polyester (d6) may be obtained by a known method. The polyester copolymer is preferably a linear polyester copolymer. The polyester copolymer is obtained, for example, by esterifying or transesterifying a dicarboxylic acid component having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a diol component having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a polyalkylene glycol component having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 20000 (containing an alkylene oxide adduct of polyalkylene glycols) (an esterification or transesterification method) to produce an oligomer, and thereafter polycondensating the oligomer (a polycondensation method). In addition, examples of the esterification or transesterification method include a method using a dicarboxylic acid component having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a diol component having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aliphatic polyester component having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 20,000. The dicarboxylic acid component is an aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or an ester derivative thereof, the diol component is an aromatic or aliphatic diol, and the polyalkylene glycol component is an aromatic or aliphatic polyalkylene glycol.
Of these, it is preferable to use a dicarboxylic acid component having an aromatic ring as the dicarboxylic acid component of the polyester copolymer, from the viewpoint of obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength. It is preferable to use an aliphatic diol component and an aliphatic polyalkylene glycol component as the diol component and the polyalkylene glycol component, respectively.
Examples of the commercially available product of the polyester (d6) include “PELPRENE” (registered trademark) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. and “Hytrel” (registered trademark) manufactured by DU PONT-TORAY CO., LTD.
The thermoplastic elastomer (D) may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
The resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment contains a resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms (component (A) or the like), and optionally contains component (B), component (C), component (D). It is preferable that in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment preferably, the content or content ratio (all on a mass basis) of each component is in the following range from the viewpoint of easily obtaining the resin molded article having higher puncture strength.
The abbreviation of each component is as follows.
Component (A)=cellulose acylate (A)
Component (B)=ester compound (B)
Component (C)=plasticizer (C)
Component (D)=thermoplastic elastomer (D)
The content of the resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably 50 mass % or more, more preferably 60 mass % or more, and still more preferably 70 mass % or more, based on the total mass of the resin composition.
The content of the component (A) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably 50 mass % or more, more preferably 60 mass % or more, and still more preferably 70 mass % or more, based on the total mass of the resin composition.
The content of the component (A) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably 50 parts by mass or more, more preferably 80 mass % or more, and still more preferably 95 mass % to 100 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the content of the resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms.
The content of the component (B) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably 0.1 mass % to 15 mass %, more preferably 0.5 mass % to 10 mass %, and still more preferably 1 mass % to 5 mass %, based on the total mass of the resin composition.
The content of the component (C) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably 1 mass % to 25 mass %, more preferably 3 mass % to 20 mass %, and still more preferably 5 mass % to 15 mass %, based on the total mass of the resin composition.
The content of the component (D) in the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably 1 mass % to 20 mass %, more preferably 3 mass % to 15 mass %, and still more preferably 5 mass % to 10 mass %, based on the total mass of the resin composition.
The content ratio (B/ABio) of the component (B) to the resin (ABio) having the biomass-derived carbon atoms is preferably 0.002≤(B/ABio)≤0.08, more preferably 0.005≤(B/ABio)≤0.05, and still more preferably 0.01≤(B/ABio)≤0.03.
The content ratio (B/A) of the component (B) to the component (A) is preferably 0.0025≤(B/A)≤0.1, more preferably 0.003≤(B/A)≤0.095, and still more preferably 0.05≤(B/A)≤0.05.
The content ratio (C/ABio) of the component (C) to the resin (ABio) having the biomass-derived carbon atoms is preferably 0.04≤(C/ABio)≤0.18, more preferably 0.05≤(C/ABio)≤0.15, and still more preferably 0.07≤(C/ABio)≤0.10.
The content ratio (C/A) of the component (C) to the component (A) is preferably 0.05≤(C/A)≤0.3, more preferably 0.05≤(C/A)≤0.2, and still more preferably 0.07≤(C/A)≤0.2.
The content ratio (D/ABio) of the component (D) to the resin (ABio) having the biomass-derived carbon atoms is preferably 0.025≤(D/ABio)≤0.3, more preferably 0.05≤(D/ABio)≤0.2, and still more preferably 0.07≤(D/ABio)≤0.1.
The content ratio (D/A) of the component (D) to the component (A) is preferably 0.025≤(D/A)≤0.3, more preferably 0.05≤(D/A)≤0.2, and still more preferably 0.07≤(D/A)≤0.1.
The resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment may contain other components (E) (Components (E)). In the case of containing the other components (E), the total content of the other components (E) as a whole is preferably 15 mass % or less, more preferably 10 mass % or less, based on the total amount of the resin composition.
Examples of the other components (E) include: a flame retardant, a compatibilizer, an oxidation inhibitor, a stabilizer, a releasing agent, a light fastness agent, a weathering agent, a colorant, a pigment, a modifier, a drip inhibitor, an antistatic agent, a hydrolysis inhibitor, a filler, a reinforcing agent (such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc, clay, mica, glass flake, milled glass, glass beads, crystalline silica, alumina, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and boron nitride), an acid acceptor for preventing acetic acid from releasing (oxides such as magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide; metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and hydrotalcite; calcium carbonate; talc; or the like), a reactive trapping agent (such as an epoxy compound, an acid anhydride compound, and carbodiimide), or the like.
The content of the other components (E) is preferably 0 mass % to 5 mass % with respect to the total amount of the resin composition. Here, “0 mass %” means not containing other components.
The resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment may contain other resins as other components (E), in addition to the resin having the biomass-derived carbon atoms (component (A) or the like), component (B), component (C), and component (D). However, in the case of containing other resins, the content of other resins based on the total amount of the resin composition is preferably 5 mass % or less, and is more preferably less than 1 mass %. It is particularly preferable to not contain other resins (that is, 0 mass %).
Examples of other resins include thermoplastic resins known in the related art, and specifically include: a polycarbonate resin; a polypropylene resin; a polyester resin; a polyolefin resin; a polyester carbonate resin; a polyphenylene ether resin; a polyphenylene sulfide resin; a polysulfone resin; a polyether sulfone resin; a polyarylene resin; a polyether imide resin; a polyacetal resin; a polyvinyl acetal resin; a polyketone resin; a polyether ketone resin; a polyether ether ketone resin; a polyaryl ketone resin; a polyether nitrile resin; a liquid crystal resin; a polybenzimidazole resin; a polyparabanic acid resin; a vinyl polymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing one or more vinyl monomers selected from the group consisting of an aromatic alkenyl compound, a methacrylic acid ester, an acrylic acid ester, and a vinyl cyanide compound; a diene-aromatic alkenyl compound copolymer; a vinyl cyanide-diene-aromatic alkenyl compound copolymer; an aromatic alkenyl compound-diene-vinyl cyanide-N-phenyl maleimide copolymer; a vinyl cyanide-(ethylene-diene-propylene (EPDM))-aromatic alkenyl compound copolymer; a vinyl chloride resin; a chlorinated vinyl chloride resin; or the like. The above resin may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
The polyesters as the other components (E) may contain an aliphatic polyester (e2). Examples of an aliphatic polyester (e1) include a polymer of hydroxyalkanoate (hydroxyalkanoic acid), a polycondensate of a polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, a ring-opening polycondensate of a cyclic lactam, an polymer in which a lactic acid is polymerized by ester bond.
Further, it is also preferable that the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment contains an oxidation inhibitor or a stabilizer as the other components (E). The oxidation inhibitor or the stabilizer preferably contains at least one compound (e3) selected from the group consisting of a hindered phenol compound, a tocopherol compound, a tocotrienol compound, a phosphite compound and a hydroxylamine compound.
Specific examples of the compound (e3) include hindered phenol compounds such as “Irganox 1010”, “Irganox 245”, “Irganox 1076” manufactured by BASF Co., Ltd., “Adekastab AO-80”, “Adekastab AO-60”, “Adekastab AO-50”, “Adekastab AO-40”, Adekastab AO-30”, “Adekastab AO-20”, “Adekastab AO-330” manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, “Sumilizer GA-80” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., “Sumilizer GM” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., “Sumilizer GS” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.; phosphite compounds such as “Irgafos 38” (bis (2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-ethyl-phosphite) manufactured by BASF, “Irgafos 168” manufactured by BASF, “Irgafos TNPP” manufactured by BASF, “Irgafos P-EPQ” manufactured by BASF; hydroxylamine compounds such as “Irgastab FS-042” manufactured by BASF, or the like.
Further, specific examples of the tocopherol compound in the compound (e3) include, for example, the following compounds.
Specific examples of the tocotrienol compound in the compound (e3) include, for example, the following compounds.
Examples of the method for producing the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment, for example, include: a method for mixing and melt-kneading the resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms (such as the component (A)), and, if necessary, the component (B), the component (C), the component (D), and the other components (E); a method for dissolving the resin having biomass-derived carbon atoms (such as the component (A)), and, if necessary, the component (B), the component (C), the component (D), and the other components (E) in a solvent; or the like. The melt-kneading means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a twin-screw extruder, a Henschel mixer, a Banbury mixer, a single screw extruder, a multi-screw extruder, a co-kneader or the like.
The resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment contains the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment. That is, the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment has the same composition as the resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment.
The method for forming the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably injection molding from the viewpoint of obtaining a high degree of freedom of shape. Therefore, the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably an injection molded article obtained by injection molding, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high degree of freedom of shape.
The cylinder temperature during the injection molding of the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is, for example, preferably 160° C. to 280° C., and more preferably 180° C. to 240° C. The mold temperature during the injection molding of the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is, for example, preferably 40° C. to 90° C., and more preferably 40° C. to 60° C.
The injection molding of the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is performed, for example, by using commercial devices such as NEX 500 manufactured by NISSEI PLASTIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., NEX 150 manufactured by NISSEI PLASTIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., NEX 7000 manufactured by NISSEI PLASTIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., PNX 40 manufactured by NISSEI PLASTIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD., and SE50D manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.
The molding method for obtaining the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is not limited to the above injection molding, and injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, hot press molding, calender molding, coating molding, cast molding, dipping molding, vacuum molding, transfer molding or the like may also be applied.
The resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment is suitably used for applications such as electronic and electrical equipment, office equipment, household electric appliances, automotive interior materials, toys, containers, or the like. Specific applications of the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment include: casings of electronic/electric devices or household electric appliances; various parts of electronic/electric devices or home electric appliances; interior parts of automobiles; block assembled toys; plastic model kits; CD-ROM or DVD storage cases; dishware; beverage bottles; food trays; wrapping materials; films; sheets; or the like.
Hereinafter, the resin composition and the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail by means of examples. Materials, amounts, ratios, processing procedures, or the like shown in the following examples may be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. Therefore, the resin composition and the resin molded article according to the exemplary embodiment should not be interpreted restrictively by the following specific examples. Incidentally, “%” means “mass %” unless otherwise indicated particularly.
The following materials are prepared.
CA1 satisfies the following (2), (3) and (4). CA2 satisfies the following (4). (2) When measured by the GPC method using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene is 160,000 to 250,000, a ratio Mn/Mz of a number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene to a Z average molecular weight (Mz) in terms of polystyrene is 0.14 to 0.21, and a ratio Mw/Mz of a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene to the Z average molecular weight (Mz) in terms of polystyrene is 0.3 to 0.7. (3) When measured with a Capirograph at a condition of 230° C. according to ISO 11443:1995, a ratio η1/η2 of a viscosity η1 (Pa·s) at a shear rate of 1216 (/sec) to a viscosity η2 (P·s) at a shear rate of 121.6 (/sec) is 0.1 to 0.3. (4) When a small square plate test piece (D11 test piece specified by JIS K7139:2009, 60 mm×60 mm, thickness 1 mm) obtained by injection molding of the CAP is allowed to stand in an atmosphere at a temperature of 65° C. and a relative humidity of 85% for 48 hours, both an expansion coefficient in an MD direction and an expansion coefficient in a TD direction are 0.4% to 0.6%.
[Resin Having Carbon Atom Derived from Biomass Other than Cellulose Acylate (A)]
Kneading is carried out with a twin-screw kneader (TEX 41SS, manufactured by TOSHIBA MACHINE CO., LTD.) at a content ratio of each component shown in Tables 1 to 6 and a kneading temperature to obtain a pellet-like resin composition.
With respect to the pellet-like resin composition obtained in each example, a D2 test piece (60 mm×60 mm×thickness 2 mm) is molded using an injection molding machine (NEX 500, manufactured by NISSEI PLASTIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.) at an injection peak pressure not exceeding 180 MPa and at a molding temperature and a mold temperature shown in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5.
With respect to the obtained D2 test piece, the puncture strength (Maximum Impact Force, N) of the puncture impact test is measured under the conditions of a striker mass of 5 kg, a falling height of 0.66 m, and a test piece thickness of 2 mm according to ISO 6003:2000. The measurement results are shown in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5. The larger the value of the puncture strength is, the better the puncture strength is.
With respect to the obtained pellet-like resin composition, an ISO multipurpose dumbbell test piece (dimensions of the measuring part: width 4 mm×thickness 10 mm) is molded using an injection molding machine (NEX 5001 manufactured by NISSEI PLASTIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.) at a cylinder temperature at which the injection peak pressure does not exceed 180 MPa. Using the obtained ISO multipurpose dumbbell test piece, the tensile elastic modulus (MPa) is measured in accordance with ISO 527-1:2012. The measurement results are shown in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5.
At the content ratio of each component and at a kneading temperature shown in Tables 1 to 6, a thermally actuated automatic T die (manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.) is attached to a biaxial kneading apparatus (TEX 41SS manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.) and a film roll having a width of 200 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm is prepared. The obtained film roll is cut out to 80 mm×200 mm to prepare measurement films.
Using the obtained measurement films, the static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient are measured according to ISO 8295: 1995, using a desk precision universal testing machine autograph AGS-X with a friction coefficient measuring apparatus (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), under the condition of a weight of 200 g, a moving speed of 100 mm/min and a contact area of 80×200 mm. The measurement results are shown in Table 1, Table 3 and Table 5.
The units of the content of each component in Tables 1 to 6 are all parts by mass except for the content (%) defined in ASTM D 6866:2012 of biomass-derived carbon atoms.
From the above results, it is understood that the resin composition of this example may obtain a resin molded article having higher puncture strength as compared with the resin composition of the Comparative Example.
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-164067 | Aug 2018 | JP | national |
