Resinous composition

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a resinous composition having excellent toughness, flexibility, heat resistance and moldability.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Recently, a molding composition which comprises a polyamide and a various polyolefin has been investigated in order to enhance impact strength of polyamide in the absolute dried condition and in the cold condition and to improve heat resistance, especially rigidity and creep resistance of polyolefin at higher circumambient temperatures. However, it is generally difficult to obtain an intimate composition comprising a polyamide and a polyolefin by melt-blending of both components using such as extruder, on account of that both polarity and reactivity is so different between a polyamide and a polyolefin that these both components have poor compatibility each other. In order to conquer this disadvantage and obtain an intimate composition comprising a polyamide and a polyolefin, various methods and compositions have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,163 and 4,174,358 disclose compositions comprising polyamide and polyolefin modified with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives which can react chemically with polyamide. The compositions disclosed in the above-mentioned prior arts show fine morphology and an enhancement of impact strength of polyamide can be achieved because of a high reactivity of the modified polyolefin.
But on the other hand, there appears distinct disadvantage owing to reaction between the polyamide and the modified polyolefin, that is, as a result of said reaction, fluidity of the composition at injection molding is deteriorated and the surface appearance of the molded articles becomes poor on account of local increase of viscosity.
It has now been found that the resinous composition having both excellent physical properties in respect to toughness, flexibility and heat resistance and good moldability can be provided according to a composition comprising a polyamide and a polyolefin modified with functional groups which cannot substantially react with the terminal amino groups or amide groups in the main chain of the polyamide but can enhance compatibility to the polyamide.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a resinous composition comprising a polyamide and a novel modified polyolefin which cannot substantially react with a polyamide, but has an excellent compatibility therewith.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a resinous composition comprising a polyamide and a modified polyolefin which has excellent impact strength, flexibility, heat resistance, moldability and the like.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a resinous composition whose both components, that is, a polyamide and a modified polyolefin form an intimate mixture and fine morphology over a wide range of composite ratios.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will appear more fully from the following description.
These objects can be attained by providing a resinous composition comprising (A) from 5 to 98% by weight of a polyamide and (B) from 95 to 2% by weight of a polyolefin modified with from 0.001 to 10% by mole based on all polymer components of a component having at least one functional group selected from the groups represented by the following general formulas (I), (II) and (III) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an organic group and R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 denote a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an organic group respectively and at least one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 denotes an organic group and at least one of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 denotes an organic group.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The polyamide employed in the present invention is a high polymer having the acid amide bond of --NHCO--. Representative examples of components of the polyamide include aminocarboxylic acids such as 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid and p-aminomethylbenzoic acid, lactams such as e-caprolactam and .omega.-laurolactam, diamines such as tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, undecamethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-/2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 5-methylnonamethylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyloctamethylenediamine, m-xylylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 3(4),8(9)-bis(aminomethyl)tricyclo[5,2,1,0.sup.2,6 ] decane, bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane, bis(aminopropyl)piperazine, aminoethylpiperazine, .alpha.,.omega.-diaminopolyoxyethylene and .alpha.,.omega.-diaminopolyoxypropylene and dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecadioic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2-chloroterephthalic acid, 2-methylterephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, 5-sodiumsulfoisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, and diglycolic acid. Suitable polyamides employed in the present invention include homopolyamides such as polycaproamide (nylon 6), polyhexamethyleneadipamide (nylon 66), polyhexamethylenesebacamide (nylon 610), polyhexamethylenedodecamide (nylon 612), polyundecamethyleneadipamide (nylon 116), polyundecaneamide (nylon 11), polydodecaneamide (nylon 12), polytrimethylhexamethyleneteraphthalamide (nylon TMD T), polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide (nylon 6I), poly-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methanedodecamide (nylon PACM 12), poly-m-xylyleneadipamide (nylon MXD 6), polyundecamethyleneterephthalamide (nylon 11T), polyundecamethylenehexahydroterephthalamide (nylon 11T(H)), and their copolyamides and the mixture thereof. The polyamide of the present invention can be produced according to ordinary process of melt-polymerization. The degree of polymerization of the polyamide is not defined and generally a relative viscosity of the polyamide to be employed, which is measured at 25.degree. C. in 98% sulfuric acid at a concentration of 1.0%, may be varied from about 2.0 to about 5.0.
The modified polyolefin employed in the present invention is a polyolefin having at least one functional group selected from the groups represented by the following general formulas (I), (II) and (III). ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an organic group and R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 denote a group selected from the groups consisting of hydrogen atom and organic group respectively and at least one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 denotes an organic group and at least one of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 denotes an organic group. Preferably, the organic group represented by R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is selected from the groups consisting of aliphatic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, alicyclic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, aromatic group having 1 to 30 carbon atom and heterocyclic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Representative examples of the organic group represented by R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 include methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, dodecyl, oleyl, stearyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, (3,5-diamino)-2,4,6-triazino, 2-hydroxymethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, morphoryno and group shown by the following general formula (IV). ##STR4## wherein n denotes an integer of 2 to 10, preferably n is selected from an integer of 2, 3, 4 and 10, most preferably n is an integer of 4. That is, a modified polyolefin having the functional group represented by the following formula (V) is employed most preferably in the present invention. ##STR5##
In the present invention, the functional groups represented by the above-described general formulas (I), (II) and (III) can be formed by reaction of primary or secondary aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines or aromatic amines with carboxylic acid group, acid anhydride group or epoxy group and the thus obtained functional groups can be introduced into side chain or main chain of polyolefin to provide the modified polyolefin.
The polyolefin modified with the specified functional groups represented by the above-mentioned formulas can be produced by copolymerization or graft copolymerization of olefin monomer and N-substituted imide monomer, N-substituted amide monomer or N-substituted hydroxyethyl monomer which are obtained by reaction of the various amines with .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, their anhydride or unsaturated vinyl monomer having epoxy group. The modified polyolefin of the present invention can be also produced by reaction of the various amines with polyolefin modified with carboxylic acid, acid anhydride or epoxy group. Representative examples of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid, their acid anhydride and unsaturated vinyl monomer having epoxy group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, methyl maleic acid, methyl fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, glutaconic acid, methyl hydrogen maleate, ethyl hydrogen maleate, methyl hydrogen fumarate, methyl hydrogen itaconate, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, endo-bicyclo-[2,2,1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, glycidylacrylate, glycidylmethacrylate, vinyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether and so on.
Representative examples of the various amines which react with the carboxylic acid group, acid anhydride group or epoxy group and form the functional groups represented by the above-described general formulas (I), (II) and (III), include methylamine, ethylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, dodecylamine, oleylamine, stearylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, naphthylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, methylethylamine, dibutylamine, distearylamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethylcyclohexylamine, methylaniline, phenylnaphthylamine, melamine, ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, diethanolamine, morpholine and lactam derivatives such as .alpha.-amino-.omega.-lactam and N.sup..alpha. -mono-substituted amino-.omega.-lactam. Among N.sup..alpha. -mono-substituted amino-.epsilon.-lactam, .alpha.-monomethylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam, .alpha.-monoethylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam, .alpha.-monopropylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam, a-monobutylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam, .alpha.-monophenylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam and .alpha.-monobenzylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam are more preferable. Suitable olefin monomers employed as the main component of the modified polyolefin of the present invention include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methylpentene-1, 1-hexene, 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, 2,5-norbornadiene, 5-ethyl-2,5-norbornadiene, 5-ethylydene norbornene, 5-(1'-propenyl)-2-norbornene, isobutylene, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl acetate, styrene, vinylchloride, ethylacrylate, isobutylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, zinc methacrylate and acrylamide.
Suitable modified polyolefins empolyed in the composition of the present invention include polyethylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, ethylene/butene-1 copolymer, ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene copolymer, ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidenenorbornene copolymer, ethylene/propylene/5-ethyl-2,5-norbornadiene copolymer, ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene copolymer and the like, which have the functional group represented by the above-described general formulas (I), (II) and (III) in the side chain or main chain of the polyolefin.
The components having the functional group represented by the above-described general formulas (I), (II) and (III) can be employed in the amount of 0.001 to 10% by mole, preferably 0.01 to 5% by mole based on all polymer components of the modified polyolefin of the present invention. When this amount is less than 0.001% by mole, satisfactory effect of improving the compatibility between polyolefin and polyamide cannot be expected and the resulting resinous composition cannot have fine morphology. On the other hand, when this amount is more than 10% by mole, side reactions such as degradation and gelation of the modified polyolefin occur disadvantageously. The degree of polymerization of the modified polyolefin is not defined and, generally, melt index thereof according to ASTM D-1238 may be varied from about 0.05 to 50 g/10 min. It is possible to mix a small amount of ordinary polyolefin having no functional group with the modified polyolefin of the present invention.
Although the modified polyolefin of the present invention does not have the such a functional group as capable of reacting with terminal amino groups or amide groups in the main chain of the polyamide, it has a sufficient compatibility to the polyamide. That is, the modified polyolefin having the functional groups represented by the above-described formulas (I), (II) and (III), can possess an excellent ability to achieve an intimate morphology with the polyamide since the some of modified polyolefins have an amide group in common with the polyamide and the others have an imide group which resembles an amide group contained in the polyamide, which enables it to impart the modified polyolefin a specific compatibility to the polyamide without substantial chemical reaction. As a result of superior compatibility between the modified polyolefin and the polyamide, the resinous composition having excellent toughness, flexibility, heat resistance and moldability can be obtained according to the present invention. But the modified polyolefin of the present invention may optionally have such functional groups as capable of reacting with the polyamide in small amounts without greatly changing the essential characteristics of the composition of the present invention.
A resinous composition of the present invention comprises from 5 to 98%, preferably 10 to 95%, most preferably 50 to 95% by weight of a polyamide and from 95 to 2%, preferably 90 to 5%, most preferably 50 to 5% by weight of a modified polyolefin. A ratio of a polyamide to a modified polyolefin is depending upon the purpose and usage of the composition. Generally, in case that the major component is a polyamide, the composition which has excellent toughness, flexibility and fatigue resistance keeping the characteristics of a polyamide can be obtained. On the other hand, in case that the major component is a modified polyolefin, heat resistance of polyolefin can be improved effectively by polyamide incorporated in the composition. Particularly, one of the characteristic features of the composition according to the present invention exists in that it has fluidity superior to that of various preceding compositions and it can provide the molded articles having excellent surface appearance.
The resinous composition of the present invention can be prepared by using conventional mixing methods. An industrially advantageous process includes dry-blending pellet, powder or chip of the polyamide and the modified polyolefin in a mixing machine such as a Henschel mixer. The resulting mixture, if desired, is heated and kneaded into a molten state by conventional single or twin screw extruder and is then molded into various shaped articles. In the present invention, it is possible to form the modified polyolefin having the functional groups represented by the above-described formulas (I), (II) and (III) at the time of melt-kneading of the polyamide and the polyolefin having the functional groups consisting of carboxylic acid group, acid anhydride group and epoxy group by addition of various amines.
Other additives may be contained in the resinous composition of the present invention without preventing its moldability and mechanical properties. Representative examples of additives include pigments, dyes, reinforcing agents, fillers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, flame retarding agents, lubricants, mold-releasing agents, antistatic agents, plasticizers, nucleating agents, antiblocking agents, and other polymer materials. Particularly, the resinous composition of the present invention additionally containing inorganic or organic fibrous reinforcing agents such as glass fibers, carbon fibers and asbestos fibers and powdery or beaded fillers such as talc, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, mica, glass beads and potassium titanate wiskers, is important for practical use on account of high rigidity and excellent impact strength.
The resinous composition of the present invention is useful for various injection-molded articles, hoses, tubings, films, monofilaments, wire coating, blow-molded articles, laminates and so on. Such articles are useful for a variety of parts, especially for machinery parts, automobile parts and electrical parts.

The present invention will be more clearly understood with reference to the following examples. Properties of the composition described in examples were measured by the following methods.
(1) Relative viscosity: JIS K6810
(2) Melt index: ASTM D1238
(3) Fluidity was determined as minimum injection pressure, i.e. lower limit pressure filled up to a mold at injection molding. The smaller value, the better fluidity.
(4) Tensile properties: ASTM D638
(5) Flexural properties: ASTM D790
(6) Izod impact strength: ASTM D256
(7) Heat distortion temperature: ASTM D648
(8) Surface appearance of molded articles: observation with the naked eye.
EXAMPLE A
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin A)
100 parts by weight of ethylene/propylene copolymer consisting of 80 mole % of ethylene and 20 mole % of propylene, 0.1 parts by weight of di-t-buthylperoxide and 1.0 part by weight of maleic anhydride were mixed by Henschel mixer and the resulting mixture was melt-kneaded using a extruder having a diameter of 40 mm at 200.degree. C. to yield pellets whereby a polyolefin modified with maleic anhydride by graft reaction was obtained. The obtained pellets proved to have 0.52 wt % of maleic anhydride by IR analysis ##STR6## after extraction of unreacted maleic anhydride therefrom by acetone.
100 parts by weight of the thus-obtained ethylene/propylene-g-maleic anhydride copolymer ("g" represents grafting) and 2 parts by weight of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam were mixed and the mixture was kneaded using a Bumbury mixer at 190.degree. C. for 5 minutes to yield modified polyolefin chips. After extraction of unreacted .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam from the chips by ethanol, IR analysis of the resulting chips was carried out and it was found that signals at 1820 cm.sup.-1 and 1760 cm.sup.-1 assigned to acid anhydride group disappeared completely and peak of imide group having five-membered ring came out at 1710 cm.sup.-1. As a result of IR spectrum, the obtained modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/propylene copolymer having 0.16 mole % of the functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. Melt index of the modified polyolefin was 0.5 g/10 min. ##STR7##
EXAMPLE 1-4
Nylon 6 having relative viscosity of 2.70 was prepared by melt-polymerization of .epsilon.-caprolactam at 260.degree. C. This nylon 6 and the modified polyolefin prepared by the method of Example A were mixed at a ratio described in Table 1 and the resulting mixture was melt-kneaded at 270.degree. C. using a 65 mm.phi. extruder. The discharged melt-guts were quenched by water, cut and dried in vacuo prior to molding. The obtained pellets were injection-molded at cylinder temperature of 250.degree. C. and mold temperature of 80.degree. C. to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured according to ASTM procedures and the obtained results were summarized in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
The test-piece from nylon 6 employed in Example 1-4 had 5.5 kg cm/cm notch of izod impact strength, whose toughness was practically insufficient.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
Heat distortion temperature of modified polyolefin employed in Example 1-4 was 54.degree. C., whose heat resistance was insufficient.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
60% by weight of nylon 6 employed in Example 2 and 40% by weight of ethylene/propylene-g-maleic anhydride copolymer prepared in the first step of Example A were mixed and the mixture was melt-kneaded and injection-molded in a similar manner to Example 2. The minimum injection pressure of this composition was 510 kg/cm.sup.2 and its fluidity proved to be inferior to that of the composition of Example 2.
EXAMPLE B
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin B)
A reaction of maleic anhydride and .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 30.degree. C. to yield maleamic acid and then ring closure of maleamic acid was made in the presence of acetic anhydride and pyridine at 60.degree. C. to yield a functional monomer represented by the following formula. ##STR8##
100 parts by weight of ethylene/propylene copolymer consisting of 80 mole % of ethylene and 20 mole % of propylene, 0.1 parts by weight of .alpha.,.alpha.'-bis-t-butylperoxy-p-diisopropylbenzene and 1.0 part by weight of the above-described maleimide derivatives were mixed and then the mixture was kneaded at 220.degree. C. using a 40 mm.phi. extruder to yield a modified polyolefin pellets. After extraction of the unreacted functional monomer from the crushed pellets by acetone, IR analysis was carried out and it was found that IR spectrum of thus obtained modified polyolefin was quite same as that of Example A. Therefore, the modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/propylene copolymer having the functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. ##STR9##
EXAMPLE 5-7
Nylon 66 having relative viscosity of 2.90 was prepared by melt-polymerization of equimolar salt from hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid at 280.degree. C. This nylon 66 and the modified polyolefin prepared according to the method of Example B were mixed at a ratio described in Table 2 and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 290.degree. C. using a 65 mm.phi. extruder. The discharged melt-guts were quenched by water, cut and dried in vacuo prior to molding. The obtained pellets were injection-molded at cylinder temperature of 275.degree. C. and mold temperature of 80.degree. C. to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured and the obtained results were summarized in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 8
100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 75% by weight of nylon 6 employed in Example 1 and 25% by weight of ethylene/propylene-g-maleic anhydride copolymer prepared in the first step of Example A and 2 parts by weight of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam were mixed and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 270.degree. C. using a extruder to yield pellets. The obtained pellets were immersed in m-cresol and nylon was dissolved off completely. IR spectrum of undissolved component, that is, the modified polyolefin was quite same as that of Example A. Therefore, it was found that a ethylene/propylene copomyler having the functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain was produced in the above-descibed procedure. ##STR10##
The pellets consisting of nylon 6 and modified polyolefin were molded in a similar manner to Example 1 to give test-pieces. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces and fluidity were measured and the following results were obtained.
Minimum injection pressure: 400 kg/cm.sup.2
Tensile strength at yield: 510 kg/cm.sup.2
Elongation at break: >200%
Flexural strength: 710 kg/cm.sup.2
Flexural modulus: 17,600 kg/cm.sup.2
Izod impact strength
23.degree. C.: Non break
0.degree. C.: 72 kg.cm/cm notch
-20.degree. C.: 40 kg.cm/cm notch
Heat distortion temperature: 158.degree. C.
Surface appearance of molded articles: Excellent
EXAMPLE C
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin C)
100 parts by weight of a copolymer consisting of 70 mole % of ethylene, 15 mole % of propylene, 14 mole % of 1,4-hexadiene and 1 mole % of acrylic acid and 4 parts by weight of .alpha.-monomethylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam were mixed and the mixture was kneaded at 180.degree. C. for 10 minutes using a roll-mill to yield a modified polyolefin pellets. After extraction of unreacted .alpha.-methylamino-.epsilon.-caprolactam from the crushed pellets by ethanol, IR analysis was carried out and it was found that signal at 1710 cm.sup.-1 assigned to carboxylic acid group disappeared completely and peak of amide group came out at 1670 cm.sup.-1. As a result of IR spectrum, the obtained modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene/the functional unit represented by the following formula copolymer (melt index: 1.0 g/10 min). ##STR11##
EXAMPLE 9-10
Nylon 6/66 copolymers were prepared by melt-polymerization of a mixture consisting of .epsilon.-caprolactam and hexamethylenediamine/adipic acid salt at a ratio described in Table 3. These nylon 6/66 and the modified polyolefin prepared by the method of Example C were mixed at a ratio described in Table 3 and the resulting mixture was melt-kneaded at 280.degree. C. using a extruder and pelletized. The resulting pellets were injection-molded at cylinder temperature of 260.degree. C. and mold temperature of 60.degree. C. to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured and the obtained results were summarized in Table 3.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
A copolymer consisting of 70 mole % of ethylene, 15 mole % of propylene, 14 mole % of 1,4-hexadiene and 1 mole % of vinylpyrrolidone and having melt index of 1.0 g/10 min. was prepared.
80% by weight of nylon 6/66:85/15 employed in Example 9 and 20% by weight of the ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene/vinylpyrrolidone copolymer were mixed, kneaded and molded to yield test-pieces. Izod impact strength of test-pieces was 8 kg.cm/cm notch, whose toughness was practically insufficient.
EXAMPLE 11-31
According to the methods described in Example 1-8, but varying the kind and amount of polyamide and modified polyolefin, the composition was prepared and the test-pieces were molded. The properties of the molded test-pieces were summarized in Table 4. In each case, test-pieces showed excellent toughness, flexibility and heat resistance.
EXAMPLE D
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin M)
100 parts by weight of ethylene/propylene copolymer consisting of 80 mole % of ethylene and 20 mole % of propylene, 0.1 parts by weight of di-t-butylperoxide and 1.0 part by weight of maleic anhydride were mixed and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 200.degree. C. using 40 mm.phi. extruder to yield pellets whereby a polyolefin modified with maleic anhydride by graft reaction was obtained. The obtained pellets proved to have 0.52 wt % of maleic anhydride by IR analysis ##STR12## after extraction of unreacted maleic anhydride therefrom by acetone.
100 parts by weight of the ethylene/propylene-g-maleic anhydride copolymer and 2 parts by weight of cyclohexylamine were mixed and the mixture was kneaded at 190.degree. C. for 5 minutes using a Bumbury mixer to yield modified polyolefin pellets. After extraction of unreacted cyclohexylamine from the pellets by ethanol, IR analysis was carried out and it was found that signals at 1820 cm.sup.-1 and 1760 cm.sup.-1 assigned to acid anhydride group disappeared completely and peak of imide group having five-membered ring came out at 1710 cm.sup.-1. As a result of IR spectrum, the obtained modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/propylene copolymer having 0.18 mole % of the functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. Melt index of the modified polyolefin was 0.6 g/10 min. ##STR13##
EXAMPLE 32-35
Nylon 6 having relative viscosity of 2.70 was prepared by melt-polymerization of .epsilon.-caprolactam at 260.degree. C. This nylon 6 and the modified polyolefin prepared according to the method of Example D were mixed at a ratio described in Table 5 and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 270.degree. C. using a 65 mm.phi. extruder to yield pellets. The pellets were injection-molded at cylinder temperature of 250.degree. C. and mold temperature of 80.degree. C. to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured and the obtained results were summarized in Table 5.
EXAMPLE E
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin N)
A reaction of maleic anhydride and cyclohexylamine was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 30.degree. C. to yield maleamic acid and then ring closure of maleamic acid was made in the presence of acetic anhydride and pyridine at 30.degree. C. to yield a functional monomer represented by the following formula. ##STR14##
100 parts by weight of ethylene/propylene copolymer consisting of 80 mole % of ethylene and 20 mole % of propylene, 0.1 parts by weight of .alpha.,.alpha.'-bis-t-butylperoxy-p-diisopropylbenzene and 1.0 part by weight of the above-described maleimide derivatives were mixed and then the mixture was kneaded at 220.degree. C. using a 40 mm.phi. extruder to yield a modified polyolefin pellets. After extraction of the unreacted functional monomer from the pellets by acetone, IR anaylsis was carried out and it was found that IR spectrum of this obtained modified polyolefin was quite same as that of Example D. Therefore, the modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/propylene copolymer having the functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. ##STR15##
EXAMPLE 36-38
Nylon 66 having relative viscosity of 2.90 was prepared by melt-polymerization of equimolar salt consisting of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid at 280.degree. C. This nylon 66 and the modified polyolefin prepared according to the method of Example E were mixed at a ratio described in Table 6 and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 290.degree. C. using a 65 mm.phi. extruder and pelletized. The obtained pellets were injection-molded at cylinder temperature of 275.degree. C. and mold temperature of 80.degree. C. to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured and the obtained results were summarized in Table 6.
EXAMPLE 39
100 parts by weight of the mixture consisting of 75% by weight of nylon 6 employed in Example 32 and 25% by weight of ethylene/propylene-g-maleic anhydride copolymer prepared in the first step of Example D and 2 parts by weight of cyclohexylamine were mixed and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 270.degree. C. using a extruder to yield pellets. The obtained pellets were immersed in m-cresol and nylon was dissolved off completely. IR spectrum of undissolved component, that is, the modified polyolefin was quite same as that of Example D. Therefore, it was found that a ethylene/propylene copolymer having the functional group represented by the following formula in the said chain was produced in the above-described procedure. ##STR16##
The pellets consisting of nylon 6 and modified polyolefin were molded in a similar manner to Example 32 to give test-pieces. Mechanical properties of these tese-pieces and fluidity were measured and the following results were obtained.
Minimum injection pressure: 390 kg/cm.sup.2
Tensile strength at yield: 520 kg/cm.sup.2
Elongation at break: >200%
Flexural strength: 710 kg/cm.sup.2
Flexural modulus: 17,500 kg/cm.sup.2
Izod impact strength
23.degree. C.: Non break
0.degree. C.: 70 kg.cm/cm notch
-20.degree. C.: 35 kg.cm/cm notch
Heat distortion temperature: 158.degree. C.
Surface appearance of molded articles: Excellent
EXAMPLE F
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin O)
100 parts by weight of a copolymer consisting of 70 mole % of ethylene, 15 mole % of propylene, 14 mole % of 1,4-hexadiene and 1 mole % of acrylic acid and 3.4 parts by weight of N-methylbenzylamine were mixed and the mixture was kneaded at 180.degree. C. for 10 minutes using a roll-mill to yield a modified polyolefin pellets. After extraction of unreacted N-methylbenzylamine from the pellets by ethanol, IR analysis was carried out and it was found that signal at 1710 cm.sup.-1 assigned to carboxylic acid group disappeared completely and peak of amide group came out at 1670 cm.sup.-1. As a result of IR spectrum, the obtained modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene/the functional unit represented by the following formula copolymer (melt index: 1.6 g/10 min). ##STR17##
EXAMPLE 40-41
Nylon 6/66 copolymers were prepared by melt-polymerization of a mixture consisting of .epsilon.-caprolactam and hexamethylenediamine/adipic acid salt at a ratio described in Table 7. These nylon 6/66 and the modified polyolefin prepared according to the method of Example F were mixed at a ratio described in Table 7 and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 280.degree. C. using a extruder to yield pellets. The obtained pellets were injection-molded at cylinder temperature of 260.degree. C. and mold temperature of 60.degree. C. to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured and the obtained results were summarized in Table 7.
EXAMPLE G
(Preparation of a modified polyolefin P)
100 parts by weight of a copolymer consisting of 90 mole % of ethylene, 8 mole % of vinyl acetate and 2 mole % of glycidyl methacrylate and 4.8 parts by weight of N-methylbenzylamine were mixed and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 180.degree. C. using a 40 mm.phi. extruder to yield pellets. After extraction of unreacted N-methylbenzylamine from the pellets by ethanol, IR analysis was carried out and it was found that signal at 1140 cm.sup.-1 assigned to glycidyl methacrylate disappeared completely and peak of hydroxy group came out at 3300 cm.sup.-1. As a result of IR spectrum, the obtained modified polyolefin proved to be ethylene/vinyl acetate/the functional unit represented by the following formula copolymer (melt index: 5.0 g/10 min). ##STR18##
EXAMPLE 42-43
Nylon 6 and the modified polyolefin prepared by the method of Example G were mixed at a ratio described in Table 8 and the mixture was melt-kneaded using a extruder to yield pellets. The obtained pellets were injection-molded to give test-pieces and to evaluate fluidity. Mechanical properties of these test-pieces were measured and the obtained results were summarized in Table 8.
EXAMPLE 44-64
According to the method described in Example 32-39, but varying the kind and amount of polyamide and modified polyolefin, the composition was prepared and the test-pieces were molded. The properties of the molded test-pieces were summarized in Table 9. In each case, test-pieces showed excellent toughness, flexibility and heat resistance.
TABLE 1______________________________________Example 1 2 3 4______________________________________CompositionNylon 6 (wt %) 80 60 40 20Modified polyolefin A (wt %) 20 40 60 80Minimum injection 320 370 400 350pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 570 440 260 170at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Elongation at break (%) >200 >200 >200 >200Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 750 600 340 210Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 19,200 14,000 8,000 3,100Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 75 Non Non Non Break Break Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 60 Non Non Non Break Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 22 Non Non Non Break Break BreakHeat distortion 160 155 120 104temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________
TABLE 2______________________________________Example 5 6 7______________________________________CompositionNylon 66 (wt %) 75 60 30Modified polyolefin B (wt %) 25 40 70Minimum injection 330 380 370pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 560 450 240at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Elongation at break (%) >200 >200 >200Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 730 620 310Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 18,800 14,600 7,200Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non Break Break Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 63 Non Non Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 24 Non Non Break BreakHeat distortion 163 158 110temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excellent Excellent Excellentmolded article______________________________________
TABLE 3______________________________________Example 9 10______________________________________Nylon 6/66 copolymer (wt %) 85/15 20/80Relative viscosity 3.40 2.50CompositionNylon 6/66 (wt %) 80 70Modified polyolefin C (wt %) 20 30Minimum injection 400 280pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 550 530at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 710 700Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 18,800 18,200Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Break Non Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Break Non Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 30 25Heat distortion 151 157temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excellent Excellentmolded article______________________________________
TABLE 4______________________________________Example 11 12 13 14______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 610 11 12 46Relative viscosity 2.70 2.20 2.35 3.80Content (wt %) 60 70 70 75Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [A] [A] [A] [A]Melt index (g/10 min) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Content (wt %) 40 30 30 25Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 250 240 250 320Minimum injection 410 350 420 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 410 420 420 580at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 550 520 510 780Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 14,000 11,200 11,400 20,800Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non 90 Break Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non 20 Break Break BreakHeat distortion 147 140 140 245temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 15 16 17 18______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 116 6/12 6/66 MXD6Relative viscosity 2.60 4.30 2.90 2.40Content (wt %) 40 30 70 70Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [C] [C] [C] [D]Melt index (g/10 min) 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.1Content (wt %) 60 70 30 30Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 250 280 280 260Minimum injection 360 380 290 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 260 210 510 610at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 320 280 690 740Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 7,800 6,700 18,000 21,000Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non 70 Break Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non 31 19 Break BreakHeat distortion 118 90 160 180temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 19 20 21 22______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 6/6T PACM12 11T 11T(H)Relative viscosity 2.70 2.25 2.30 2.35Content (wt %) 40 75 60 70Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [D] [E] [E] [F]Melt index (g/10 min) 0.1 7.2 7.2 2.8Content (wt %) 60 25 40 30Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 260 310 320 320Minimum injection 350 320 350 340pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 350 600 580 600at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 400 720 700 710Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 9,300 18,200 18,000 18,000Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non 73 Non 80 Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non 18 20 18 BreakHeat distortion 125 250 250 253temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 23 24 25 26______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind TMDT 6I/ 6 66 PACMIRelative viscosity 2.55 2.10 2.95 2.70Content (wt %) 70 75 60 50Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [F] [G] [H] [H]Melt index (g/10 min) 2.8 15 5.0 5.0Content (wt %) 30 25 40 50Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 290 250 260 280Minimum injection 400 370 280 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 610 570 580 590at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 700 700 700 700Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 21,100 19,400 21,000 21,200Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 60 75 15 16-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 15 16 6 8Heat distortion 140 110 170 175temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 27 28 29 30 31______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 6 66 6 6 6Relative viscosity 3.10 3.00 2.70 2.90 3.10Content (wt %) 70 60 70 70 75Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [I] [I] [J] [K] [L]Melt index (g/10 min) 5.5 5.5 2.0 0.8 1.1Content (wt %) 30 40 30 30 25Injection MoldingCylinder temperature 260 280 260 260 270(.degree.C.)Minimum injection 310 310 270 290 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 600 600 610 600 640at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength 720 700 720 710 750(kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural modulus 21,500 21,600 20,900 20,000 21,600(kg/cm.sup.2)Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. 40 45 Non Non Non(kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Break Break Break-20.degree. C. 10 10 20 25 20(kg .multidot. cm/cm notch)Heat distortion 160 163 155 155 160temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent ent______________________________________
TABLE 5______________________________________Example 32 33 34 35______________________________________CompositionNylon 6 (wt %) 80 60 40 20Modified polyolefin M (wt %) 20 40 60 80Minimum injection 300 360 400 340pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 550 410 260 180at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Elongation at break (%) >200 >200 >200 >200Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 740 580 330 200Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 19,000 14,000 7,800 3,000Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 70 Non Non Non Break Break Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 54 Non Non Non Break Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 20 Non Non Non Break Break BreakHeat distortion 160 154 120 105temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________
TABLE 6______________________________________Example 36 37 38______________________________________CompositionNylon 66 (wt %) 75 60 30Modified polyolefin N (wt %) 25 40 70Minimum injection 330 360 360pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 550 460 220at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Elongation at break (%) >200 >200 >200Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 700 610 320Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 18,500 14,200 7,200Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non Break Break Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 61 Non Non Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 22 Non Non Break BreakHeat distortion 162 158 110temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excellent Excellent Excellentmolded article______________________________________
TABLE 7______________________________________Example 40 41______________________________________Nylon 6/66 copolymer (wt %) 85/15 20/80Relative viscosity 3.40 2.50CompositionNylon 6/66 (wt %) 80 70Modified polyolefin O (wt %) 20 30Minimum injection 410 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 550 520at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 700 700Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 18,400 18,000Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Break Non Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 53 62-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 30 28Heat distortion 151 155temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excellent Excellentmolded article______________________________________
TABLE 8______________________________________Example 42 43______________________________________Relative viscosity of nylon 6 2.75 3.35CompositionNylon 6 (wt %) 80 60Modified Polyolefin (wt %) 20 40Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 250 270Minimum injection 360 410pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 540 400at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 700 560Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 19,800 14,600Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 75 Non Break 0.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 43 Non Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 22 Non BreakHeat distortion 160 152temperature (.degree.C.)Surface appearance of Excellent Excellentmolded article______________________________________
TABLE 9______________________________________Example 44 45 46 47______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 610 11 12 46Relative viscosity 2.70 2.20 2.35 3.80Content (wt %) 60 70 70 75Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [M] [M] [M] [M]Melt index (g/10 min) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Content (wt %) 40 30 30 25Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 250 240 250 320Minimum injection 380 340 400 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 430 430 420 590at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 560 550 540 780Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 14,400 12,100 11,800 21,000Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non 90 Break Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non 63 Non 20 Break BreakHeat distortion 146 141 140 245temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 48 49 50 51______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 116 6/12 6/66 MXD6Relative viscosity 2.60 4.30 2.90 2.40Content (wt %) 40 30 70 70Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [O] [O] [O] [Q]Melt index (g/10 min) 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.2Content (wt %) 60 70 30 30Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 250 280 280 260Minimum injection 330 360 290 300pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 260 220 520 600at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 300 280 700 740Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 7,500 6,700 18,200 21,200Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non Non 72 Break Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non Non 30 19 Break BreakHeat distortion 115 91 162 182temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 52 53 54 55______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 6/6T PACM12 11T 11T(H)Relative viscosity 2.70 2.25 2.30 2.35Content (wt %) 40 75 60 70Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [Q] [R] [R] [S]Melt index (g/10 min) 0.2 7.0 7.0 2.5Content (wt %) 60 25 40 30Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 260 310 320 320Minimum injection 360 400 420 400pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 350 610 600 610at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 410 740 710 730Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 9,500 18,900 18,300 18,500Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non 70 Non 82 Break Break-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Non 18 18 18 BreakHeat distortion 125 250 251 253temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 56 57 58 59______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind TMDT 6I/ 6 66 PACMIRelative viscosity 2.55 2.10 2.95 2.70Content (wt %) 70 75 60 50Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [S] [T] [U] [U]Melt index (g/10 min) 2.5 15 4.7 4.7Content (wt %) 30 25 40 50Injection MoldingCylinder temperature (.degree.C.) 290 250 260 280Minimum injection 450 300 300 310pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 610 580 590 580at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 700 700 710 710Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 21,000 19,500 21,200 21,300Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 64 72 16 15-20.degree. C. (kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) 15 15 6 5Heat distortion 141 111 170 175temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent______________________________________Example 60 61 62 63 64______________________________________Polyamide.sup.aKind 6 66 6 6 66Relative viscosity 3.10 3.00 2.70 2.90 2.85Content (wt %) 70 60 70 70 70Modified polyolefin.sup.bKind [V] [V] [W] [X] [Y]Melt index (g/10 min) 5.7 5.7 2.0 0.9 0.8Content (wt %) 30 40 30 30 30Injection MoldingCylinder temperature 260 280 260 260 290(.degree.C.)Minimum injection 300 290 290 300 310pressure (kg/cm.sup.2)Tensile strength 610 620 610 610 610at yield (kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural strength 750 770 730 720 750(kg/cm.sup.2)Flexural modulus 21,700 21,700 21,000 20,800 21,800(kg/cm.sup.2)Izod impact strength 23.degree. C. 42 44 Non Non Non(kg .multidot. cm/cm notch) Break Break Break-20.degree. C. 11 12 21 22 19(kg .multidot. cm/cm notch)Heat distortion 160 163 154 155 165temperature (.degree.C.)(load 4.64 kg/cm.sup.2)Surface appearance of Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell- Excell-molded article ent ent ent ent ent______________________________________
(a) Polyamide
610: polyhexamethylene sebacamide, 11: polyundecaneamide, 12: polydodecaneamide, 46: polytetramethyleneadipamide, 116: polyundecamethyleneadipamide, 6/12: poly (caproamide/dodecaneamide) copolymer (80/20 wt %), 6/66: polycaproamide/polyhexamethyleneadipamide mixture (50/50 wt %), MXD6: poly-m-xylyleneadipamide, 6/6T: poly (caproamide/hexamethyleneterephthalamide) copolymer (40/60 wt %), PACM12: poly-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl)methanedodecamide, 11T: polyundecamethylenehexahydroterephthalamide, TMDT: polytrimethylhexamethyleneterephthalamide, 6I/PACM I: poly (hexamethyleneisophthalamide/bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methaneisophthalamide) copolymer (70/30 wt %)
(b) Modified polyolefin
[A]: modified polyolefin A of Example A.
[C]: modified polyolefin C of Example C.
[D]: modified ethylene/butene-1:85/15 (mole %) copolymer having 0.4 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example A) ##STR19##
[E]: modified ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene: 70/20/10 (mole %) copolymer having 0.2 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example A) ##STR20##
[F]: modified polyethylene having 1.5 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the main chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example C) ##STR21##
[G]: modified ethylene/propylene/norbornadiene: 65/20/15 (mole %) copolymer having 0.5 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example B) ##STR22##
[H]: modified polypropylene having 0.3 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example A) ##STR23##
[I]: mixture consisting of 50 wt % of modified polymethylpentene having 0.1 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example A) and 50 wt % of ethylene/methacrylic acid/zinc methacrylate: 90/3/7 (wt %) copolymer ##STR24##
[J]: modified ethylene/propylene: 90/10 (mole %) copolymer having 1.3 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the main chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example C) ##STR25##
[K]: modified ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidenenorbornene: 80/13/7 (mole %) copolymer having 0.6 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example A) ##STR26##
[L]: modified ethylene/propylene: 75/25 (mole %) copolymer having 0.5 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example A) ##STR27##
[M]: modified polyolefin of Example D
[O]: modified polyolefin of Example F
[Q]: modified ethylene/butene-1:85/15 (mole %) copolymer having 0.4 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example D) ##STR28## [R]: modified ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene: 70/20/10 (mole %) copolymer having 0.3 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example D)
[S]: modified polyethylene having 1.7 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the main chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example F) ##STR29##
[T]: modified ethylene/propylene/norbornadiene: 65/20/15 (mole %) copolymer having 0.4 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example E) ##STR30##
[U]: modified polypropylene having 0.4 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example D) ##STR31##
[V]: mixture consisting of 50 wt % of modified polymethylpentene having 0.1 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example D) and 50 wt % of ethylene/methacrylic acid/zinc methacrylate: 90/3/7 (wt %) copolymer ##STR32##
[W]: modified ethylene/propylene: 90/10 (mole %) copolymer having 1.3 mole % of functional group represented by the following formula in the main chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example F) ##STR33##
[X]: modified ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidenenorbornene: 80/13/7 (mole %) copolymer having functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example D) ##STR34##
[Y]: modified ethylene/propylene: 80/20 (mole %) copolymer having functional group represented by the following formula in the side chain. (prepared in a similar manner to the method of Example D)

Number	Date	Country	Kind
58-106358	Jun 1983	JPX
58-142510	Aug 1983	JPX

Number	Name	Date	Kind
4017557	Hammer et al.	Apr 1977
4174358	Epstein	Nov 1979

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