RESONATOR FOR A PRESSURIZED FLUID SYSTEM

Abstract

Embodiments described and discussed herein generally relate to resonators for pressurized fluid systems, pressurized fluid systems containing resonators, and methods of reducing acoustic energy within pressurized fluid systems. In one or more embodiments, a resonator includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a passageway, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and where the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device containing a safety valve, and a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the passageway.

Description

BACKGROUND

Field

Embodiments described and discussed herein generally relate to pressurized fluid system, and more specifically to apparatuses and methods that reduce or alleviate oscillations caused by a pressure relief device.

Description of the Related Art

Pressurized fluid systems, including pressure vessels, piping, and other systems are often equipped with pressure relief devices to protect systems from overpressure conditions. Overpressure conditions can arise from a process error, instrument or equipment failure, fire, or other malfunctions, which causes the pressure of the fluid in the system to increase above predefined parameters. Pressure relief devices may include a variety of different types, sizes, and configurations. For example, pressure relief devices may be self-actuated in that the device detects an overpressure condition and opens to release excess pressure from the system. In some cases, pressure relief devices are set to remain closed up to a particular pressure setting. When the internal pressure of the line exceeds the pre-defined pressure setting, the pressure device may be forced open by the internal pressure, allowing excess pressure to escape the relief device. The excess pressure is released by the flow of material from the protected system, through the relief valve, and out into either a disposal system (e.g., a flare) or straight to the atmosphere. Without the release of fluid, pressure relief devices would not function.

When a pressure relief valve actuates, a combination of the valve action, inlet piping, and vessel interactions can cause the pressure relief valve to become unstable and oscillate open and closed at high frequencies (typically greater than 10 cycles per second). This rapid oscillation reduces relief valve capacity, which can cause extensive damage to equipment within the system and can lead to incidents. Furthermore, pressure vessel installation codes (e.g., ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code) prohibit the installation of pressure relief devices such that the devices may operate unstably. Other codes (e.g., API STD 520) have rules that require pressure relief devices to be installed with both short inlet lines and in a way that are free draining to flare headers. Facilities often have pressure relief devices that are installed at a relatively far distance from the vessels, flagged as potentially unstable, and require mitigation.

Therefore, there is a need for apparatuses and methods that reduce or alleviate rapid oscillation caused by a pressure relief device.

SUMMARY

Implementations described herein generally relate to resonators for pressurized fluid systems, pressurized fluid systems containing resonators, and methods for reducing acoustic energy from a pressure relief device.

In one or more embodiments, a resonator for a pressurized fluid system includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet and a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber. The resonator also includes a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and where the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device. The resonator also includes a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port.

In other embodiments, a pressurized fluid system includes a resonator, a pressurized fluid source, and a pressure relief device. The resonator includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet and a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber. The resonator also includes a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber and a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port. The pressurized fluid source is located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber. The pressure relief device is located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber.

In some embodiments, a method of reducing acoustic energy, such as rapid oscillation, within a pressurized fluid system includes passing an initial acoustic energy from a pressurized fluid source to a resonator fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, where the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The method further includes dissipating, dampening, diminishing, or otherwise attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator. The resonator includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the first chamber is fluidly coupled to the pressurized fluid source and a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber. The resonator also includes a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and where the outlet of the third chamber is fluidly coupled to the pressure relief device. The resonator also includes a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port. In one or more examples, the resonator is configured to dissipate, dampen, diminish, or otherwise attenuate greater than 25% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, such as greater than 60% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

In one or more embodiments, a resonator for a pressurized fluid system includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, and a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and where the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device.

In other embodiments, a resonator for a pressurized fluid system includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet and a second chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber. The resonator also includes a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, where the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and where the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device, and a baffle encompassing the second chamber and disposed between the first and third chambers.

In one or more embodiments, a pressurized fluid system is provided and includes a resonator for reducing acoustic energy. The resonator includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port. The resonator also includes a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The pressurized fluid system also includes a pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber, a pressure relief device located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber, one or more sensors, and a controller. The one or more sensors are configured to detect vibration or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure, wherein the one or more sensors are coupled to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit, the pressure relief device, and the outlet of the third chamber. The controller is configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

In other embodiments, a method for reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system is provided and includes passing an initial acoustic energy from a pressurized fluid source to a resonator fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, where the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, attenuating greater than 70% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy, and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator. The resonator includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port. The resonator also includes a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, where the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The pressurized fluid source is located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber. The pressure relief device is in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber. One or more sensors detect vibration or pressure and generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure. The one or more sensors are coupled to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit, the pressure relief device, and the outlet of the third chamber. A controller may adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

In some embodiments, a resonator for a pressurized fluid system is provided and includes a first chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber containing an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, where the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber containing an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device containing a safety valve, and a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port. The resonator also includes a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The variable orifice unit contains a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The resonator further includes one or more sensors configured to detect vibration or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure, and a controller configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the above recited features of the disclosure may be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosure, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to implementations, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical implementations of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of scope, for the disclosure may admit to other equally effective implementations.

FIG. 1 depicts a schematic view of a pressurized fluid system containing a resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 2A depicts a schematic, perspective view of a resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 2B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of the resonator shown in FIG. 2A, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph plotting Transmission vs. Frequency showing a reduction of transmission energy by the resonator relative to specified frequencies, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 4 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 5 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 6 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 7A depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 7B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 8A depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 8B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIGS. 9A-9D depict schematic, cross-sectional views of other resonators, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 10A depicts a schematic, perspective view of a resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 10B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of the resonator shown in FIG. 10A, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

FIG. 11 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of another resonator, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein.

To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the Figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one implementation may be beneficially incorporated in other implementations without further recitation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Implementations described herein generally relate to resonators for pressurized fluid systems, pressurized fluid systems containing resonators, and methods for reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system. The resonator may be installed between protected equipment, such as a pressurized fluid system, and a pressurized relief device to reduce or eliminate acoustical energy generated from the use of the pressure relief device from interfering with the stable operation of the pressure relief device.

FIG. 1 depicts a schematic view of a pressurized fluid system 100 containing a resonator 110 disposed between and in fluid communication with a pressurized fluid source 102 and a pressure relief device 104, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The pressurized fluid source 102 may be or include one or more pressure vessels, one or more pressurized pipes, other equipment or components of a pressurized system, or any combination thereof. The pressurized fluid source 102 is in fluid communication with the resonator 110 via one or more conduits 106, and the resonator 110 is in fluid communication with the pressure relief device 104 via one or more conduits 108. The pressure relief device 104 may be or include one or more relief valves, such as pressure relief valve (PRV), a safety valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, or any combination thereof. Each of the conduits 106, 108 may independently be or include a pipe, a duct, a tube, a coupling, or other similar device.

One or more fluids flow, pass, or otherwise transfer from the pressurized fluid source 102 through the resonator 110 to the pressure relief device 104. As used herein, the term “fluid” may be or include one or more liquids, vapors, gases, supercritical, or any mixture thereof of any of these fluid phases. When the internal pressure of the pressurized fluid source 102 exceeds a pre-defined pressure setting, the pressure relief device 104 may be forced open by the internal pressure, allowing excess pressurized fluid to escape the pressure relief device 104. The excess pressurized fluid is released by the flow of the fluid from the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., a protected system) through the pressure relief device 104 (e.g., relief valve) and into a disposal system (e.g., a flare), into the atmosphere, or into a reservoir, vessel, or other container (not shown).

In one or more embodiments, the pressurized fluid system 100 contains a control system or controller 160 and one, two, or more sensors 162. The controller 160 and/or the sensors 162 are each independently optional within the pressurized fluid system 100. Each of the sensors 162 may independently detect a quantity and/or magnitude of vibrations and/or pressure-flow oscillations (e.g., rate of change in pressure or oscillatory behavior). Each of the pressure relief device 104, the conduit 108, and/or the resonator 110 may independently contain or be associated with one or more sensors 162. Each of the sensors 162 is in communicably coupled or connected to or with the controller 160, such as wired or wireless connections. The controller 160 and the sensors 162 are further described and disclosed in embodiments below including embodiments depicted in FIGS. 10A-11.

FIG. 2A depicts a schematic, perspective view of the resonator 110 and FIG. 2B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of the resonator 110, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 110 may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100, as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 110 includes a first chamber 120 containing an inlet 122 and an outlet 124 and a second chamber 130 containing an inlet 132, an outlet 134, and a filter port 136. The inlet 122 of the first chamber 120 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressurized fluid source 102, such as by the conduit 106 depicted in FIG. 1. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The resonator 110 also includes a third chamber 140 containing an inlet 142 and an outlet 144. The inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressure relief device 104, such as by the conduit 108 depicted in FIG. 1. A fourth chamber 150 is at least partially or completely encompassing the second chamber 130 and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 by the filter port 136.

A first baffle 116 is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers 120, 150 and a second baffle 118 is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers 140, 150. In one or more embodiments, the filter port 136 is adjacent to the first baffle 116. Although only one is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, one, two or more of the filter ports 136 provide a passageway for fluid to flow from the second chamber 130 and into the fourth chamber 150. In some configurations, the fourth chamber 150 is disposed between the first and third chambers 120, 140. The fourth chamber 150 is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers 120, 140. By fluidly isolated, the fourth chamber 150 is not directly in fluid communication with the first and third chambers 120, 140, but instead, the fourth chamber 150 is in fluid communication with the first and third chambers 120, 140 via the second chamber 130 as an intermediate chamber.

In one or more embodiments, a body 112 encloses, encompasses, or otherwise contains the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150 and the first and second baffles 116, 118. Also, a body 114 encloses, encompasses, or otherwise contains the second chamber 130.

As depicted in FIG. 2A, the first chamber 120 has a length L1 and diameter D1, the second chamber 130 has a length L2 and diameter D2, the third chamber 140 has a length L3 and diameter D3, and the fourth chamber 150 has a length L5 and diameter D5. The filter port 136 has a diameter D4. The conduits 106 and 108 have diameters D6 and D7, respectively.

In one or more embodiments, each of the lengths L1, L2, L3, and L5 of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150, respectively, may be in a range from about 2 inches, about 4 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, or about 12 inches to about 15 inches, about 18 inches, about 2 feet, about 3 feet, about 4 feet, about 5 feet, about 6 feet, about 8 feet, about 10 feet, about 12 feet, or longer. For example, each of the lengths L1, L2, L3, and L5 of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150, respectively, may be in a range from about 2 inches to about 10 feet, about 2 inches to about 8 feet, about 2 inches to about 6 feet, about 2 inches to about 5 feet, about 2 inches to about 4 feet, about 2 inches to about 3 feet, about 2 inches to about 2 feet, about 2 inches to about 18 inches, about 2 inches to 12 inches, about 2 inches to about 8 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 6 inches to about 10 feet, about 6 inches to about 8 feet, about 6 inches to about 6 feet, about 6 inches to about 5 feet, about 6 inches to about 4 feet, about 6 inches to about 3 feet, about 6 inches to about 2 feet, about 6 inches to about 18 inches, about 6 inches to 16 inches, about 6 inches to about 8 inches, about 1 foot to about 10 feet, about 1 foot to about 8 feet, about 1 foot to about 6 feet, about 1 foot to about 5 feet, about 1 foot to about 4 feet, about 1 foot to about 3 feet, about 1 foot to about 2 feet, or about 1 foot to about 18 inches.

In some embodiments, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 have the same diameter as each other, such that D1, D3, and D5 are equal. In other embodiments, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 have different diameters as each other. Each of the diameters D1, D3, and D5 of the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150, respectively, may independently be in a range from about 0.25 inches, about 0.375 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.25 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 2.5 inches, or about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10inches, about 12 inches, about 14 inches, about 15 inches, about 16 inches, about 18inches, about 20 inches, about 22 inches, about 24 inches, about 28 inches, about 30inches, about 32 inches, about 36 inches, about 42 inches, about 48 inches, or greater.

For example, each of the diameters D1, D3, and D5 of the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150, respectively, may independently be in a range from about 0.5 inches to about 48 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 42 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 36 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 30 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 24 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 18 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 15 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 12 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 8 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 2 inches, about 1 inch to about 48 inches, about 1 inch to about 42 inches, about 1 inch to about 36 inches, about 1 inch to about 30 inches, about 1 inch to about 24 inches, about 1 inch to about 18 inches, about 1 inch to about 15 inches, about 1 inch to about 12 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 4 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 2 inches, about 2 inches to about 48 inches, about 2 inches to about 42 inches, about 2 inches to about 36 inches, about 2 inches to about 30 inches, about 2 inches to about 24 inches, about 2 inches to about 18 inches, about 2 inches to about 15 inches, about 2 inches to about 12 inches, about 2 inches to about 10 inches, about 2 inches to about 8 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 2 inches to about 4 inches, or about 2 inches to about 3 inches.

In one or more embodiments, as depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130 is less than any of the diameters D1, D3, or D5 of the first, third, or fourth chamber 120, 140, 150. Each of the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130, the diameter D6 of the conduit 106, and the diameter D7 of the conduit 108 may independently be in a range from about 0.25 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.375 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.7 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.2 inches, about 1.25 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 1.8 inches, about 2 inches, about 2.5 inches, or about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, about 12 inches, about 14 inches, about 15 inches, about 16 inches, about 18 inches, about 20 inches, about 22 inches, about 24 inches, about 28 inches, about 30 inches, about 32 inches, about 36 inches, or about 42 inches. For example, each of the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130, the diameter D6 of the conduit 106, and the diameter D7 of the conduit 108 may independently be in a range from about 0.3 inches to about 42 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 36 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 30 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 24 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 18 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 15 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 12 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 8 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 4 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 2.5 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 2 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 1.5 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 1 inch, about 0.3 inches to about 0.8 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 0.5 inches, about 1 inch to about 42 inches, about 1 inch to about 36 inches, about 1 inch to about 30 inches, about 1 inch to about 24 inches, about 1 inch to about 18 inches, about 1 inch to about 15 inches, about 1 inch to about 12 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 4 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 2.5 inches, about 1 inch to about 2 inches, about 1 inch to about 1.5 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 42 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 36 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 30 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 24 inches, about 1.5inches to about 18 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 15 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 12 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 8 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 2.5 inches, or about 1.5 inches to about 2 inches.

The size of the filter port 136 may be made with different sizes, e.g., different sizes of diameter D4, in order to control the fluid flow from the second chamber 130 and into the fourth chamber 150 thereby adjusting the amount and/or frequencies of the acoustic energy that is removed by the resonator 110. The diameter D4 of the filter port 136 may be in a range from about 0.1 inches, about 0.2 inches, about 0.25 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.5 inches, or about 0.7 inches to about 0.8 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.2 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 3 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, or greater. For example, the diameter D4 of the filter port 136 may be in a range from about 0.1 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 2 inches to about 10 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.1 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 3 inches to about 6 inches, about 4 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.1 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 2 inches to about 3 inches, or about 2.5 inches to about 3 inches.

In one or more embodiments, the second and fourth chambers 130, 150 have the same length along a common axis, such as the axis 111 of the resonator 110, such that length L2 is equal to length L5. In other embodiments, the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 111 of the resonator 110, as depicted in FIG. 2B. Each of the inlets 122, 132, 142 and the outlets 124, 134, 144 of the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 may also be axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 111.

Each of the first chamber 120, the second chamber 130, the third chamber 140, and the fourth chamber 150 independently contains one or more metals or one or more polymeric materials. Exemplary metals may be or include one or more of iron, steel, stainless steel (e.g., stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 316), Inconel alloy (X-75), nickel, chromium, aluminum, titanium, copper, brass, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. Exemplary polymeric materials may be or include one or more of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density polypropylene (HDPP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 are independently formed or produced as an integral, single, or monolithic body or piece. For example, each of the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 is independently formed from a single pipe or tube. In some configurations, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 may be from independent pieces that are coupled together, such as being welded, soldered, glued, flanged, clamped, threaded, fastening with fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, or rivets), clipped, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 are formed from pipes or tubes which are threaded together to produce at least a portion of the body 112.

The resonator 110 may be installed in a manner consistent with the rest of the piping (e.g., the conduits 106, 108) between the pressurized fluid source 102 and the pressure relief device 104. In one or more examples, if the other components in the conduits 106, 108 between the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., the protected equipment) and the pressure relief device 104 are installed with metallic flanged piping then the resonator 110 may be made of a metal and have flanged connections. In other examples, if the conduits 106, 108 contain a polymeric material (e.g., PVC piping system) that uses glued socket connections, then the resonator 110 could be made of the same or different type of polymeric material that includes glued socket connections. This is similar to other piping components (e.g., isolation valves and/or threaded pipes) that are used in pressurized system piping.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph plotting Transmission vs. Frequency showing a reduction of transmission energy by the resonator 110 relative to specified frequencies, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates acoustic energy passing or otherwise flowing through the resonator 110. The acoustic energy is typically formed by the pressure relief device 104 and passes through the conduit 108 into the resonator 110. The resonator 110 protects the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., a protected system) by reducing or eliminating the acoustic energy. In some examples, the resonator 110 attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 30%, greater than 35%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 75%, greater than 80%, greater than 85%, greater than 90%, greater than 92%, greater than 95%, greater than 98%, or greater than 99% of the acoustic energy. For example, the resonator 110 attenuates greater than 25% to about 99%, greater than 30% to about 99%, greater than 40% to about 99%, greater than 50% to about 99%, greater than 60% to about 99%, greater than 60% to about 98%, greater than 60% to about 95%, greater than 60% to about 90%, greater than 60% to about 88%, greater than 60% to about 85%, about 70% to about 99%, about 70% to about 98%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 88%, or about 70% to about 85% of the acoustic energy.

The acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz, about 5 Hz, about 8 Hz, about 10 Hz, about 15 Hz, about 20 Hz, about 25 Hz, about 30 Hz, about 40 Hz, or about 50 Hz to about 60 Hz, about 70 Hz, about 80 Hz, about 100 Hz, about 150 Hz, about 200 Hz, about 250 Hz, about 300 Hz, about 400 Hz, or about 500 Hz. For example, the acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 50 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 30 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 50 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 30 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 200 Hz, or about 100 Hz to about 150 Hz.

In one or more examples, the resonator 110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 40%, or greater than 50% of the acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500Hz. In some examples, the resonator 110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 40%, greater than 50%, or greater than 60% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz. In other examples, the resonator 110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 40%, or greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz. In other examples, the resonator 110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 75% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 80 Hz to about 150 Hz.

In one or more embodiments, the pressurized fluid system 100 includes the resonator 110, the pressurized fluid source 102, and the pressure relief device 104. The resonator 110 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124 and the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132, the outlet 134, and the filter port 136. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The resonator 110 also includes the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144, where the inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. Also, the fourth chamber 150 is encompassing the second chamber 130 and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 by the filter port 136. The pressurized fluid source 102 is located upstream of the resonator 110 and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber 120. The pressure relief device 104 is located downstream of the resonator 110 and in fluid communication with the outlet 144 of the third chamber 140.

In other embodiments, a method of reducing acoustic energy, such as rapid oscillation, within the pressurized fluid system 100 includes passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source 102 to the resonator 110 fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source 102, where the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The method further includes dissipating, dampening, diminishing, or otherwise attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator 110 to produce a reduced acoustic energy and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator 110 to the pressure relief device 104 fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator 110. In one or more examples, the resonator 110 is configured to dissipate, dampen, diminish, or otherwise attenuate greater than 25% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, such as greater than 30%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, or greater than 60% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

The resonator 110 may be installed between the pressure relief device 104 and the protected equipment and prevents the acoustical energy generated from the use of the pressure relief device 104 from interfering with the stable operation of the pressure relief device 104. To function, the resonator 110 may be installed directly on the pressure relief device 104 within one wavelength of the chatter frequency from the inlet (e.g., the conduit 108) to the pressure relief device 104. The resonator 110 may work in all fluid services (e.g., vapor, two-phase, liquids, supercritical) and the resonator 110 may be installed vertically such that the inlet is directly over the outlet.

The pressure relief device 104 may be installed on new systems that are not yet constructed that require more inlet piping than allowed by codes and standards (e.g., ASME or API) in order comply with other portions of the codes (for instance the inlet lines may be required to be long in order to position the pressure relief device 104 above the disposal system such that the outlet piping drains freely).

The pressure relief device 104 works when the pressure in the system that it protects increases to the set pressure of the pressure relief device 104. When this occurs, the pressure overcomes the force holding the disk down (typically a spring), and the valve opens in the pressure relief device 104. This opening generates acoustical noise which then travels up and down the piping between the pressure relief device 104 and the protected system or pressurized fluid source 102. If the piping is long or has high inlet losses, it has been shown that relief devices and protected system begin to oscillate at specific frequencies. This oscillation is chatter. This instability is prohibited in code and can lead to structural failure of the piping and/or the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., protected system). The resonator 110 acoustically isolates the pressure relief device 104 from the protected equipment in the pressurized fluid source 102 but allows for the relief fluid to still pass through and protect the system from overpressure.

The resonator 110 uses a combination of chambers to isolate a broad band of acoustical energy while meeting the installation requirements of ASME codes. The size of the resonator 110 (like other piping components) varies with the size of the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., protected system) and the size and set pressure of the pressure relief device 104.

The outer diameter of the resonator 110 may be selected based on the overall length desired. The resonator 110 may be made from a single pipe in which case diameters D1, D3, and D5 are all identical. In some examples, if made from pressurized system piping components, both ends may be assembled by welding reducing fittings and a pipe nipple with a flanged fitting on the end. The inner chambers may be made by using flanges at baffle 118 and welding process pipe (e.g., body 114) with length L2 between baffles 116 and 118 with a cutout of diameter D4 (e.g., the filter port 136). Thus, the baffle 116 is fit snuggly in the piping (e.g., body 112) and baffle 118 is sandwiched between flanges. This insert and flanges would make the three chambers (e.g., chambers 120, 140, 150) and inner connected piping (e.g., chamber 130).

For a pressurized fluid system 100 that is suspected to have the pressure relief device 104 installation that could be unstable and requires mitigation, the first step one would need to do is to determine the frequencies at which the system may oscillate. These frequencies are bounded by the highest and lowest frequencies of the piping, the pressure relief device 104, and the vessels that are interconnected. One can determine these frequencies using the following formulas.

$\mathrm{Relief}\mathrm{device}=\frac{2}{\pi }\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}},$

where k is the spring constant and m is the moving mass of the pressure relief device 104.

$\mathrm{Inlet}\mathrm{Piping}=c\sqrt{\frac{A}{V\left(l+1.7r\right)}},$

where c is the speed of sound, A is the area of the inlet piping, V is the volume of the inlet piping and r is the radius of the inlet piping.

$\mathrm{Vessel}=130,860{\left(\frac{L}{D}\right)}^2\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{wD}}{h}},$

where L is the length of the vessel, D is the diameter of the vessel, w is the mass of the vessel, and h is the height of the vessel.

Other constraints are that none of the internal diameters of the flowing parts (D1, D2, D3, D6, and D7) may be smaller than the inlet diameter to the pressure relief device 104. Since the pressure relief device 104 oscillates at the ¼ wave, the frequency that is to be filtered out is up to or about four times those calculated in the previous equations.

For the frequency of interest, the overall transmissivity is:

$\prod T<0\text{.25}$ $\sum T\sum =T_1{T}_2{\mathrm{ThT}}_3,$ $\mathrm{where},$ $T_1=\frac{2A_{\mathrm{InletPipe}}{A}_{d1}}{A_{d1}\left(A_{\mathrm{InletPipe}}+A_{d2}\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{kl}}_1\right)+i\left(A_{\mathrm{InletPipe}}{A}_{d2}+A_{d1}^2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{kl}}_1\right)}$ $T_2=\frac{2A_{d1}{A}_{d2}}{A_{d2}\left(A_{d1}+A_{d3}\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{kl}}_2\right)+i\left(A_{d1}{A}_{d3}+A_{d2}^2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{kl}}_2\right)}$ $T_3=\frac{2A_{d2}{A}_{d3}}{A_{d3}\left(A_{d2}+A_{\mathrm{OutletPipe}}\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{kl}}_3\right)+i\left(A_{d2}{A}_{\mathrm{OutletPipe}}+A_{d3}^2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{kl}}_3\right)}$ $T_h=\frac{1}{1+{\left(\frac{\frac{c}{2A_{d2}}}{\frac{\omega \left(l_4+{\mathrm{Ed}}_4\right)}{A_{d4}}-\frac{c^2}{\omega V_{d5}}}\right)}^2}$

where, A is area, k is the wavenumber and is equal to the speed of sound divided by the angular frequency, L is length, V is volume, ω is the angular frequency, E is the end correction factor and is 0.85 for a flanged end, and c is the speed of sound. The lengths and diameters are as described and discussed for FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 210, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 210 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124, the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132 and the outlet 134, and the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is configured to be in fluid communication with any pressure relief device, such as the pressure relief device 104 illustrated in FIG. 1.

In one or more embodiments for the resonator 210, the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 may be axially aligned or coaxial with each other. Also, the inlets 122, 132, 142 and the outlets 124, 134, 144 of the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other. In some configurations of the resonator 210, the first and third chambers 120, 140 have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber 130 is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber 140.

In one or more embodiments, the resonator 110 is replaced by the resonator 210 within the pressurized fluid system 100, as shown in FIG. 1. The resonator 210, contained within the pressurized fluid system 100, is located upstream of the pressurized fluid source 102. The inlet 122 of the first chamber 120 of the resonator 210 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressurized fluid source 102 by the conduit 106. The pressure relief device 104 is located downstream of the resonator 210. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 of the resonator 210 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressure relief device 104 by the conduit 108.

In other embodiments, a method of reducing acoustic energy within the pressurized fluid system 100 includes passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source 102 to the resonator 210, where the initial acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The method further includes attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator 210 to produce a reduced acoustic energy and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator 210 to a pressure relief device 104 fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator 210.

FIG. 5 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 310, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 310 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124, the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132 and the outlet 134, and the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120 and the inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is configured to be in fluid communication with any pressure relief device, such as the pressure relief device 104 illustrated in FIG. 1. The resonator 310 also includes the baffle 116 encompassing the second chamber 130 and disposed between the first and third chambers 120, 140.

In one or more embodiments, the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other. In some examples, the inlets and the outlets of the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other. In some configurations of the resonator 310, the first and third chambers 120, 140 have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber 130 is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber 140. In one or more examples, the first and third chambers 120, 140 are formed or produced as an integral, single, or monolithic body or piece. For example, the first and third chambers 120, 140 are formed from a single pipe or tube.

In one or more embodiments, the resonator 110 is replaced by the resonator 310 within the pressurized fluid system 100, as shown in FIG. 1. The resonator 310, contained within the pressurized fluid system 100, is located upstream of the pressurized fluid source 102. The inlet 122 of the first chamber 120 of the resonator 310 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressurized fluid source 102 by the conduit 106. The pressure relief device 104 is located downstream of the resonator 310. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 of the resonator 310 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressure relief device 104 by the conduit 108.

In other embodiments, a method of reducing acoustic energy within the pressurized fluid system 100 includes passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source 102 to the resonator 310, where the initial acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The method further includes attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator 310 to produce a reduced acoustic energy and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator 310 to a pressure relief device 104 fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator 310.

FIG. 6 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 610, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 610 may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 as a replacement for the resonator 110 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 610 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124, the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132 and the outlet 134, the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144, and a chamber 650. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120 and the inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is configured to be in fluid communication with any pressure relief device, such as the pressure relief device 104 illustrated in FIG. 1. The chamber 650 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 via a passageway 652.

In one or more embodiments for the resonator 610, the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 may be axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 111. Also, the inlets 122, 132, 142 and the outlets 124, 134, 144 of the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other. In one or more configurations, as depicted in FIG. 6, the chamber 650 and the passageway 652 are perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to the axis 111. In other configurations, not shown, the chamber 650 and the passageway 652 are not perpendicular to the axis 111, such as positioned at an angle of about 25°, about 35°, or about 45° to about 50°, about 65°, about 75°, about 85°, or less than 90° relative to the axis 111.

In some configurations of the resonator 610, the first and third chambers 120, 140 have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber 130 is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber 140. In other examples, the diameter of the chamber 650 may be the same as, less than, or greater than the diameter of the first chamber 120 or the diameter of the third chamber 140.

FIG. 7A depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 710a, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 710a may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 as a replacement for the resonator 110 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 710a has all of the same components, configurations, and dimensions as the resonator 110 with the exception of the location of the conduits 106, 108 relative to the body 112.

The conduit 106 and the inlet 122 are in fluid communication with the first chamber 120 but are on the side of the body 112 instead of the end of the body 112. In one or more configurations, as depicted in FIG. 7A, the conduit 106 and the inlet 122 are perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to the axis 111. The conduit 108 and the outlet 144 are in fluid communication with the third chamber 140 but are on the side of the body 112 instead of the end of the body 112. In one or more configurations, as depicted in FIG. 7A, the conduit 108 and the outlet 144 are perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to the axis 111. In other configurations, not shown, each of the conduit 106 and the conduit 108 is independently not perpendicular to the axis 111, such as positioned at an angle of about 25°, about 35°, or about 45° to about 50°, about 65°, about 75°, about 85°, or less than 90° relative to the axis 111.

FIG. 7B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 710b, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 710b may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 as a replacement for the resonator 110 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 710b has all of the same components, configurations, and dimensions as the resonator 110, but also includes one, two, or more elbows 814 disposed on the conduit 106 and/or the conduit 108. FIG. 7B depicts two elbows 814, one on each of the conduits 106, 108. Each of the elbows 814 may be angled perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to the axis 111, as depicted in FIG. 7B. In other configurations, not shown, each of the elbows 814 is independently not perpendicular to the axis 111, such as positioned at an angle of about 25°, about 35°, or about 45° to about 50°, about 65°, about 75°, about 85°, or less than 90° relative to the axis 111.

FIG. 8A depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 810a, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 810a may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 as a replacement for the resonator 110 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 810a includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124, an intermediate chamber 830 containing the inlet 182 and the outlet 184, and the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144. The inlet 182 of the intermediate chamber 830 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 184 of the intermediate chamber 830. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is configured to be in fluid communication with any pressure relief device, such as the pressure relief device 104 illustrated in FIG. 1.

The resonator 810a also includes one, two, or more elbows 814 disposed along the intermediate chamber 830 between the first chamber 120 and the third chamber 140. FIG. 8A depicts one elbow 814 such that the intermediate chamber 830 has one bend between the first chamber 120 and the third chamber 140. Although not shown, additional elbows 814 may be included along the intermediate chamber 830 to provide additional bends.

The elbow 814 may be angled perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to an axis 811 of the first chamber 120, as depicted in FIG. 8A. In one or more embodiments, the conduit 106, the inlets 122, 182, the first chamber 120, the outlet 124, and a portion of the intermediate chamber 830 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 811. The conduit 108, the outlets 144, 184, the third chamber 140, the inlet 142, and another portion of the intermediate chamber 830 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other, but are angled perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to the axis 811. In other configurations, not shown, the elbow 814 is independently not perpendicular to the axis 811, as such, the conduit 108, the outlets 144, 184, the third chamber 140, the inlet 142, and a portion of the intermediate chamber 830 have the same angle and are not perpendicular (90°) to the axis 811. For example, the elbow 814 may have an angle of about 25°, about 35°, or about 45° to about 50°, about 65°, about 75°, about 85°, or less than 90° relative to the axis 811.

In one or more embodiments, the resonator 110 is replaced by the resonator 810a within the pressurized fluid system 100, as shown in FIG. 1. The resonator 810a, contained within the pressurized fluid system 100, is located upstream of the pressurized fluid source 102. The inlet 122 of the first chamber 120 of the resonator 210 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressurized fluid source 102 by the conduit 106. The pressure relief device 104 is located downstream of the resonator 810a. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 of the resonator 810a is coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressure relief device 104 by the conduit 108.

FIG. 8B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 810b, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 810b may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 as a replacement for the resonator 110 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 810b includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124, the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132, the outlet 134, and the filter port 136, the intermediate chamber 830 containing the inlet 182 and the outlet 184, the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144, and the fourth chamber 150 at least partially or completely encompassing the second chamber 130 and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 by the filter port 136. A baffle 816 is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers 120, 150. In one or more embodiments, the filter port 136 is adjacent to the baffle 816. Although only one is shown in FIG. 8B, one, two or more of the filter ports 136 provide a passageway for fluid to flow from the second chamber 130 and into the fourth chamber 150.

The inlet 122 of the first chamber 120 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressurized fluid source 102, such as by the conduit 106 depicted in FIG. 1. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The inlet 182 of the intermediate chamber 830 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 184 of the intermediate chamber 830. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressure relief device 104, such as by the conduit 108 depicted in FIG. 1.

The resonator 810b also includes one, two, or more elbows 814 disposed along the intermediate chamber 830 between the first chamber 120 and the third chamber 140. FIG. 8B depicts one elbow 814 such that the intermediate chamber 830 has one bend between the first chamber 120 and the third chamber 140. Although not shown, additional elbows 814 may be included along the intermediate chamber 830 to provide additional bends.

The elbow 814 may be angled perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to an axis 811 of the first chamber 120, as depicted in FIG. 8B. In one or more embodiments, the conduit 106, the inlets 122, 132, 182, the first chamber 120, the fourth chamber 150, the outlets 124, 134, and a portion of the intermediate chamber 830 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 811. The conduit 108, the outlets 144, 184, the third chamber 140, the inlet 142, and another portion of the intermediate chamber 830 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other, but are angled perpendicular) (90° or substantially perpendicular to the axis 811. In other configurations, not shown, the elbow 814 is independently not perpendicular to the axis 811, as such, the conduit 108, the outlets 144, 184, the third chamber 140, the inlet 142, and a portion of the intermediate chamber 830 have the same angle and are not perpendicular (90°) to the axis 811. For example, the elbow 814 may have an angle of about 25°, about 35°, or about 45° to about 50°, about 65°, about 75°, about 85°, or less than 90° relative to the axis 811.

FIGS. 9A-9D depict schematic, cross-sectional views of resonators 910a, 910b, 910c, 910d, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. Each of the resonators 910a, 910b, 910c, 910d includes the conduits 106, 108 coupled to and in fluid communication with a body 912. The conduits 106, 108 may independently be coaxial or non-coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912.

The resonator 910a, as depicted in FIG. 9A, includes the conduit 106 aligned or otherwise coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912 and the conduit 108 misaligned or otherwise non-coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912. The resonator 910b, as depicted in FIG. 9B, includes the conduit 106 misaligned or otherwise non-coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912 and the conduit 108 aligned or otherwise coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912. The resonator 910c, as depicted in FIG. 9C, includes both of the conduits 106, 108 misaligned or otherwise non-coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912 as well as both of the conduits 106, 108 misaligned or otherwise non-coaxial with each other. The resonator 910d, as depicted in FIG. 9D, includes both of the conduits 106, 108 misaligned or otherwise non-coaxial with the axis 911 of the body 912, and the conduits 106, 108 aligned or otherwise coaxial with each other.

Each of the resonators 910a, 910b, 910c, 910d may independently be or include any of the resonators described and discussed herein, such as any of the resonators 110, 210, 310, 610, 710a, 710b, 810a, 810b, 1010, 1110. The resonators 910a, 910b, 910c, 910d may independently be used in the pressurized fluid system 100, as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. In one or more embodiments, an inlet of the body 912 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressurized fluid source (e.g., the pressurized fluid source 102 depicted in FIG. 1) by the conduit 106. Similarly, an outlet of the body 912 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressure relief device (e.g., the pressure relief device 104 depicted in FIG. 1) by the conduit 108.

In one or more embodiments, the body 912 encloses, encompasses, or otherwise contains one, two, three, four, or more chambers (not shown) and none, one, two, three, four, or more baffles (not shown). The chambers and/or baffles contained within the body 912 may be the same or different as described and discussed herein, such as for the resonators 110, 210, 310, 610, 710a, 710b, 810a, 810b, 1010, 1110.

FIG. 10A depicts a schematic, perspective view of the resonator 1010 and FIG. 10B depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of the resonator 1010, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 1010 may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 1010 includes a first chamber 120 containing an inlet 122 and an outlet 124 and a second chamber 130 containing an inlet 132, an outlet 134, and a filter port 1036. The inlet 122 of the first chamber 120 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressurized fluid source 102, such as by the conduit 106 depicted in FIG. 1. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The resonator 1010 also includes a third chamber 140 containing an inlet 142 and an outlet 144. The inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is at least configured to be in fluid communication with and/or coupled to the pressure relief device 104, such as by the conduit 108 depicted in FIG. 1. A fourth chamber 150 is at least partially or completely encompassing the second chamber 130 and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 by the filter port 1036. In one or more embodiments, the size or diameter of the filter port 1036 is the same or similar as the diameter D4 of the filter port 136, as described and discussed above.

The resonator 1010 also includes a variable orifice unit 1060 coupled to the filter port 1036 and disposed between the second chamber 130 and the fourth chamber 150. The variable orifice unit 1060 has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 and the fourth chamber 150. The variable passageway may have a size, length, distance, or diameter of D8, as depicted in FIG. 10A. In some embodiments, the size or diameter of the filter port 1036 is the same or similar as the size, length, distance, or diameter of D8 of the variable passageway within the variable orifice unit 1060. The variable orifice unit 1060 may be or include one or more throttle valves. In one or more examples, the throttle valve may be or include a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

A first baffle 116 is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers 120, 150 and a second baffle 118 is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers 140, 150. In one or more embodiments, the filter port 1036 is adjacent to the first baffle 116. Although only one is shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, one, two or more of the filter ports 136 provide a passageway for fluid to flow from the second chamber 130 and into the fourth chamber 150. In some configurations, the fourth chamber 150 is disposed between the first and third chambers 120, 140. The fourth chamber 150 is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers 120, 140. By fluidly isolated, the fourth chamber 150 is not directly in fluid communication with the first and third chambers 120, 140, but instead, the fourth chamber 150 is in fluid communication with the first and third chambers 120, 140 via the second chamber 130 as an intermediate chamber.

In one or more embodiments, a body 112 encloses, encompasses, or otherwise contains the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150 and the first and second baffles 116, 118. Also, a body 114 encloses, encompasses, or otherwise contains the second chamber 130.

By substituting the resonator 110 for the resonator 1010 within the pressurized fluid system 100 depicted in FIG. 1, the pressurized fluid system 100 includes the pressurized fluid source 102 located upstream of the resonator 1010 and in fluid communication with the inlet 122 of the first chamber 120, the pressure relief device 104 located downstream of the resonator 1010 and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber 140, one or more sensors 162, and a controller 160. The one or more sensors 162 are configured to detect acoustic energy, vibration, or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the acoustic energy, vibration, or pressure. The one or more sensors 162 may be coupled or otherwise attached to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit 1060, the pressure relief device 104, and the outlet of the third chamber 140.

In some examples, the resonator 1010 contains the controller 160 coupled thereto. In other examples, the variable orifice unit 1060 contains the controller 160 coupled thereto. In some embodiments, the controller 160 may be wirelessly connected to or wirelessly in communication with the variable orifice unit 1060 and/or to the one or more sensors 162. In other embodiments, the controller 160 is physically connected by one or more wires connected to or in communication with the variable orifice unit 1060 and/or to the one or more sensors 162.

The controller 160 is configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 so to have a size, length, distance, or diameter of D8 based on the signal received from one or more the sensors 162. In one or more examples, the controller 160 is configured to increase the size or diameter (D8) of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 in response to the signal from the sensor 162 indicating the detected vibration or pressure is increased from a previous signal or set-point value. In other examples, the controller 160 is configured to decrease the size or diameter (D8) of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 in response to the signal from the sensor 162 indicating the detected vibration or pressure is decreased from a previous signal.

In one or more examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1060 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104. In other examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1060 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140. In some examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140. In one or more examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1060, a second sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104, and a third sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140.

Each of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 and the filter port 1036 may have different sizes, e.g., different sizes of diameter D8, in order to control the fluid flow from the second chamber 130 and into the fourth chamber 150 thereby adjusting the amount and/or frequencies of the acoustic energy that is removed by the resonator 1010. The diameter D8 of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 and/or the filter port 1036 may independently be in a range from about 0.1 inches, about 0.2 inches, about 0.25 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.5 inches, or about 0.7 inches to about 0.8 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.2 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 3 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, or greater. For example, the diameter D8 of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 and/or the filter port 1036 may independently be in a range from about 0.1 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 2 inches to about 10 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.1 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 3 inches to about 6 inches, about 4 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.1 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 2 inches to about 3 inches, or about 2.5 inches to about 3 inches.

In some examples, the filter port 1036 may have a size or diameter (D4) of about 0.25 inches to about 8 inches and the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 may have a size or diameter (D8) of about 0.8 inches to about 8 inches. In other examples, the size or diameter (D8) of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1060 may be in a range from about 1 inch to about 6 inches.

As depicted in FIG. 10A, the first chamber 120 has a length L1 and diameter D1, the second chamber 130 has a length L2 and diameter D2, the third chamber 140 has a length L3 and diameter D3, and the fourth chamber 150 has a length L5 and diameter D5. The conduits 106 and 108 have diameters D6 and D7, respectively.

In one or more embodiments, each of the lengths L1, L2, L3, and L5 of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150, respectively, may be in a range from about 2 inches, about 4 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, or about 12 inches to about 15 inches, about 18 inches, about 2 feet, about 3 feet, about 4 feet, about 5 feet, about 6 feet, about 8 feet, about 10 feet, about 12 feet, or longer. For example, each of the lengths L1, L2, L3, and L5 of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150, respectively, may be in a range from about 2 inches to about 10 feet, about 2 inches to about 8 feet, about 2 inches to about 6 feet, about 2 inches to about 5 feet, about 2 inches to about 4 feet, about 2 inches to about 3 feet, about 2 inches to about 2 feet, about 2 inches to about 18 inches, about 2 inches to 12 inches, about 2 inches to about 8 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 6 inches to about 10 feet, about 6 inches to about 8 feet, about 6 inches to about 6 feet, about 6 inches to about 5 feet, about 6 inches to about 4 feet, about 6 inches to about 3 feet, about 6 inches to about 2 feet, about 6 inches to about 18 inches, about 6 inches to 16 inches, about 6 inches to about 8 inches, about 1 foot to about 10 feet, about 1 foot to about 8 feet, about 1 foot to about 6 feet, about 1 foot to about 5 feet, about 1 foot to about 4 feet, about 1 foot to about 3 feet, about 1 foot to about 2 feet, or about 1 foot to about 18 inches.

In some embodiments, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 have the same diameter as each other, such that D1, D3, and D5 are equal. In other embodiments, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 have different diameters as each other. Each of the diameters D1, D3, and D5 of the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150, respectively, may independently be about 0.25 inches, about 0.375 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.25 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 2.5 inches, or about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, about 12 inches, about 14 inches, about 15 inches, about 16 inches, about 18 inches, about 20 inches, about 22 inches, about 24 inches, about 28 inches, about 30 inches, about 32 inches, about 36 inches, about 42 inches, about 48 inches, or greater. For example, each of the diameters D1, D3, and D5 of the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150, respectively, may independently be in a range from about 0.5 inches to about 48 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 42 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 36 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 30 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 24 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 18 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 15 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 12 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 8 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 2 inches, about 1 inch to about 48 inches, about 1 inch to about 42 inches, about 1 inch to about 36 inches, about 1 inch to about 30 inches, about 1 inch to about 24 inches, about 1 inch to about 18 inches, about 1 inch to about 15 inches, about 1 inch to about 12 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 4 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 2 inches, about 2 inches to about 48 inches, about 2 inches to about 42 inches, about 2 inches to about 36 inches, about 2 inches to about 30 inches, about 2 inches to about 24 inches, about 2 inches to about 18 inches, about 2 inches to about 15 inches, about 2 inches to about 12 inches, about 2 inches to about 10 inches, about 2 inches to about 8 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 2 inches to about 4 inches, or about 2 inches to about 3 inches.

In one or more embodiments, as depicted in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130 is less than any of the diameters D1, D3, or D5 of the first, third, or fourth chamber 120, 140, 150. Each of the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130, the diameter D6 of the conduit 106, and the diameter D7 of the conduit 108 may independently be about 0.25 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.375 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.7 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.2 inches, about 1.25 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 1.8 inches, about 2 inches, about 2.5 inches, or about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, about 12 inches, about 14 inches, about 15 inches, about 16 inches, about 18 inches, about 20 inches, about 22 inches, about 24 inches, about 28 inches, about 30 inches, about 32 inches, about 36 inches, or about 42 inches. For example, each of the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130, the diameter D6 of the conduit 106, and the diameter D7 of the conduit 108 may independently be about 0.3 inches to about 42 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 36 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 30 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 24 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 18 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 15 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 12 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 8 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 4 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 2.5 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 2 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 1.5 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 1 inch, about 0.3 inches to about 0.8 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 0.5 inches, about 1 inch to about 42 inches, about 1 inch to about 36 inches, about 1 inch to about 30 inches, about 1 inch to about 24 inches, about 1 inch to about 18 inches, about 1 inch to about 15 inches, about 1 inch to about 12 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 4 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 2.5 inches, about 1 inch to about 2 inches, about 1 inch to about 1.5 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 42 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 36 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 30 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 24 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 18 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 15 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 12 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 8 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 2.5 inches, or about 1.5 inches to about 2 inches.

In one or more embodiments, the second and fourth chambers 130, 150 have the same length along a common axis, such as the axis 111 of the resonator 1010, such that length L2 is equal to length L5. In other embodiments, the first, second, third, and fourth chambers 120, 130, 140, 150 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 111 of the resonator 1010, as depicted in FIG. 10B. Each of the inlets 122, 132, 142 and the outlets 124, 134, 144 of the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 may also be axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 111.

Each of the first chamber 120, the second chamber 130, the third chamber 140, and the fourth chamber 150 independently contains one or more metals or one or more polymeric materials. Exemplary metals may be or include one or more of iron, steel, stainless steel (e.g., stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 316), Inconel alloy (X-75), nickel, chromium, aluminum, titanium, copper, brass, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. Exemplary polymeric materials may be or include one or more of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density polypropylene (HDPP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 are independently formed or produced as an integral, single, or monolithic body or piece. For example, each of the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 is independently formed from a single pipe or tube. In some configurations, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 may be from independent pieces that are coupled together, such as being welded, soldered, glued, flanged, clamped, threaded, fastening with fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, or rivets), clipped, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the first, third, and fourth chambers 120, 140, 150 are formed from pipes or tubes which are threaded together to produce at least a portion of the body 112.

The resonator 1010 may be installed in a manner consistent with the rest of the piping (e.g., the conduits 106, 108) between the pressurized fluid source 102 and the pressure relief device 104. In one or more examples, if the other components in the conduits 106, 108 between the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., the protected equipment) and the pressure relief device 104 are installed with metallic flanged piping then the resonator 1010 may be made of a metal and have flanged connections. In other examples, if the conduits 106, 108 contain a polymeric material (e.g., PVC piping system) that uses glued socket connections, then the resonator 1010 could be made of the same or different type of polymeric material that includes glued socket connections. This is similar to other piping components (e.g., isolation valves and/or threaded pipes) that are used in pressurized system piping. The pressure relief device 104 may contain a safety valve, a pressure relief valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, a trip valve, or any combination thereof.

The resonator 1010 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates acoustic energy passing or otherwise flowing through the resonator 1010. The acoustic energy is typically formed by the pressure relief device 104 and passes through the conduit 108 into the resonator 1010. The resonator 1010 protects the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., a protected system) by reducing or eliminating the acoustic energy. In some examples, the resonator 1010 attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 30%, greater than 35%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 75%, greater than 80%, greater than 85%, greater than 90%, greater than 92%, greater than 95%, greater than 98%, or greater than 99% of the acoustic energy. For example, the resonator 1010 attenuates greater than 25% to about 99%, greater than 30% to about 99%, greater than 40% to about 99%, greater than 50% to about 99%, greater than 60% to about 99%, greater than 60% to about 98%, greater than 60% to about 95%, greater than 60% to about 90%, greater than 60% to about 88%, greater than 60% to about 85%, about 70% to about 99%, about 70% to about 98%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 88%, or about 70% to about 85% of the acoustic energy.

The acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz, about 5 Hz, about 8 Hz, about 10 Hz, about 15 Hz, about 20 Hz, about 25 Hz, about 30 Hz, about 40 Hz, or about 50 Hz to about 60 Hz, about 70 Hz, about 80 Hz, about 100 Hz, about 150 Hz, about 200 Hz, about 250 Hz, about 300 Hz, about 400 Hz, or about 500 Hz. For example, the acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 50 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 30 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 50 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 30 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 200 Hz, or about 100 Hz to about 150 Hz.

In one or more examples, the resonator 1010 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 40%, or greater than 50% of the acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. In some examples, the resonator 1010 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 40%, greater than 50%, or greater than 60% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz. In other examples, the resonator 1010 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 40%, or greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz. In other examples, the resonator 1010 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 75% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 80 Hz to about 150 Hz.

In one or more embodiments, the pressurized fluid system 100 includes the resonator 1010, the pressurized fluid source 102, and the pressure relief device 104. The resonator 1010 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124 and the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132, the outlet 134, and the filter port 1036. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The resonator 1010 also includes the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144, where the inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. Also, the fourth chamber 150 is encompassing the second chamber 130 and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 by the filter port 1036. The pressurized fluid source 102 is located upstream of the resonator 1010 and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber 120. The pressure relief device 104 is located downstream of the resonator 1010 and in fluid communication with the outlet 144 of the third chamber 140.

In other embodiments, a method of reducing acoustic energy, such as rapid oscillation, within the pressurized fluid system 100 includes passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source 102 to the resonator 1010 fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source 102, where the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The method further includes dissipating, dampening, diminishing, or otherwise attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator 1010 to produce a reduced acoustic energy and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator 1010 to the pressure relief device 104 fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator 1010. In one or more examples, the resonator 1010 is configured to dissipate, dampen, diminish, or otherwise attenuate greater than 25% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, such as greater than 30%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, or greater than 60% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

The resonator 1010 may be installed between the pressure relief device 104 and the protected equipment and prevents the acoustical energy generated from the use of the pressure relief device 104 from interfering with the stable operation of the pressure relief device 104. To function, the resonator 1010 may be installed directly on the pressure relief device 104 within one wavelength of the chatter frequency from the inlet (e.g., the conduit 108) to the pressure relief device 104. The resonator 1010 may work in all fluid services (e.g., vapor, two-phase, liquids, supercritical) and the resonator 1010 may be installed vertically such that the inlet is directly over the outlet.

The pressure relief device 104 may be installed on new systems that are not yet constructed that require more inlet piping than allowed by codes and standards (e.g., ASME or API) in order comply with other portions of the codes (for instance the inlet lines may be required to be long in order to position the pressure relief device 104 above the disposal system such that the outlet piping drains freely).

The pressure relief device 104 works when the pressure in the system that it protects increases to the set pressure of the pressure relief device 104. When this occurs, the pressure overcomes the force holding the disk down (typically a spring), and the valve opens in the pressure relief device 104. This opening generates acoustical noise which then travels up and down the piping between the pressure relief device 104 and the protected system or pressurized fluid source 102. If the piping is long or has high inlet losses, it has been shown that relief devices and protected system begin to oscillate at specific frequencies. This oscillation is chatter. This instability is prohibited in code and can lead to structural failure of the piping and/or the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., protected system). The resonator 1010 acoustically isolates the pressure relief device 104 from the protected equipment in the pressurized fluid source 102 but allows for the relief fluid to still pass through and protect the system from overpressure.

The resonator 1010 uses a combination of chambers to isolate a broad band of acoustical energy while meeting the installation requirements of ASME codes. The size of the resonator 1010 (like other piping components) varies with the size of the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., protected system) and the size and set pressure of the pressure relief device 104.

The outer diameter of the resonator 1010 may be selected based on the overall length desired. The resonator 1010 may be made from a single pipe in which case diameters D1, D3, and D5 are all identical. In some examples, if made from pressurized system piping components, both ends may be assembled by welding reducing fittings and a pipe nipple with a flanged fitting on the end. The inner chambers may be made by using flanges at baffle 118 and welding process pipe (e.g., body 114) with length L2 between baffles 116 and 118 with a cutout. Thus, the baffle 116 is fit snuggly in the piping (e.g., body 112) and baffle 118 is sandwiched between flanges. This insert and flanges would make the three chambers (e.g., chambers 120, 140, 150) and inner connected piping (e.g., chamber 130). The variable orifice unit 1060 having the variable passageway may be positioned within a cutout on the body 114 so that the chamber 130 and 150 are in fluid commination with each other.

FIG. 11 depicts a schematic, cross-sectional view of a resonator 1110, according to one or more embodiments described and discussed herein. The resonator 1110 may be used in the pressurized fluid system 100 as a replacement for the resonator 110 (FIG. 1), as well as pressurized fluid systems having different configurations and components as the pressurized fluid system 100. The resonator 1110 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124, the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132 and the outlet 134, the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144, and a chamber 1150. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120 and the inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. The outlet 144 of the third chamber 140 is configured to be in fluid communication with any pressure relief device, such as the pressure relief device 104 illustrated in FIG. 1. The chamber 1150 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 via a passageway 1152.

The resonator 1110 also includes a variable orifice unit 1160 coupled to the passageway 1152 and disposed between the second chamber 130 and the chamber 1150. The variable orifice unit 1160 has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 and the chamber 1150. The variable passageway may have a size, length, distance, or diameter of D9, as depicted in FIG. 11. In some embodiments, the size or diameter of the passageway 1152 is the same or similar as the size, length, distance, or diameter of D9 of the variable passageway within the variable orifice unit 1160. The variable orifice unit 1160 may be or include one or more throttle valves. In one or more examples, the throttle valve may be or include a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

By substituting the resonator 110 for the resonator 1110 within the pressurized fluid system 100 depicted in FIG. 1, the pressurized fluid system 100 includes the pressurized fluid source 102 located upstream of the resonator 1110 and in fluid communication with the inlet 122 of the first chamber 120, the pressure relief device 104 located downstream of the resonator 1110 and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber 140, one or more sensors 162, and the controller 160. The one or more sensors 162 are configured to detect acoustic energy, vibration, or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the acoustic energy, vibration, or pressure. The one or more sensors 162 may be coupled or otherwise attached to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit 1160, the chamber 1150, the pressure relief device 104, the outlet of the third chamber 140, or any combination thereof.

In some examples, the resonator 1110 contains the controller 160 coupled thereto. In other examples, the variable orifice unit 1160 contains the controller 160 coupled thereto. In some embodiments, the controller 160 may be wirelessly connected to or wirelessly in communication with the variable orifice unit 1160 and/or to the one or more sensors 162. In other embodiments, the controller 160 is physically connected by one or more wires connected to or in communication with the variable orifice unit 1160 and/or to the one or more sensors 162.

The controller 160 is configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 so to have a size, length, distance, or diameter of D9 based on the signal received from one or more the sensors 162. In one or more examples, the controller 160 is configured to increase the size or diameter (D9) of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 in response to the signal from the sensor 162 indicating the detected vibration or pressure is increased from a previous signal or set-point value. In other examples, the controller 160 is configured to decrease the size or diameter (D9) of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 in response to the signal from the sensor 162 indicating the detected vibration or pressure is decreased from a previous signal.

In one or more examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1160 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104. In other examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1160 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the chamber 1150. In some examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the chamber 1150. In one or more examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1160, a second sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104, and a third sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the chamber 1150. In some examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1160, a second sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104, a third sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the chamber 1150, and a fourth sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140.

In other examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1160 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140. In some examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104 and a second sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140. In one or more examples, the one or more sensors 162 may contain a first sensor 162 coupled to the variable orifice unit 1160, a second sensor 162 coupled to the pressure relief device 104, and a third sensor 162 coupled to the outlet of the third chamber 140.

Each of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 and the passageway 1152 may have different sizes, e.g., different sizes of diameter D9, in order to control the fluid flow from the second chamber 130 and into the chamber 1150 thereby adjusting the amount and/or frequencies of the acoustic energy that is removed by the resonator 1110. The diameter D9 of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 and/or the passageway 1152 may independently be in a range from about 0.1 inches, about 0.2 inches, about 0.25 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.5 inches, or about 0.7 inches to about 0.8 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.2 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 3 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, or greater. For example, the diameter D9 of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 and/or the passageway 1152 may independently be in a range from about 0.1 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 2 inches to about 10 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.1 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 3 inches to about 6 inches, about 4 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.1 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.2 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.25 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.8 inches to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 2 inches to about 3 inches, or about 2.5 inches to about 3 inches.

In some examples, the passageway 1152 may have a size or diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 8 inches and the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 may have a size or diameter (D9) of about 0.8 inches to about 8 inches. In other examples, the size or diameter (D9) of the variable passageway of the variable orifice unit 1160 may be in a range from about 1 inch to about 6 inches.

In some embodiments, the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 have the same diameter as each other, such that D1, D3, and D10 are equal. In other embodiments, the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 have different diameters as each other. Each of the diameters D1, D3, and D10 of the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150, respectively, may independently be in a range from about 0.25 inches, about 0.375 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.25 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 2.5 inches, or about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, about 12 inches, about 14 inches, about 15 inches, about 16 inches, about 18 inches, about 20 inches, about 22 inches, about 24 inches, about 28 inches, about 30 inches, about 32 inches, about 36 inches, about 42 inches, about 48 inches, or greater. For example, each of the diameters D1, D3, and D10 of the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150, respectively, may independently be in a range from about 0.5 inches to about 48 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 42 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 36inches, about 0.5 inches to about 30 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 24 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 18 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 15 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 12 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 8 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.5 inches to about 2 inches, about 1 inch to about 48 inches, about 1 inch to about 42 inches, about 1 inch to about 36 inches, about 1 inch to about 30 inches, about 1 inch to about 24 inches, about 1 inch to about 18 inches, about 1 inch to about 15 inches, about 1 inch to about 12 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 4 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 2 inches, about 2 inches to about 48 inches, about 2 inches to about 42 inches, about 2 inches to about 36 inches, about 2 inches to about 30 inches, about 2 inches to about 24 inches, about 2 inches to about 18 inches, about 2 inches to about 15 inches, about 2 inches to about 12 inches, about 2 inches to about 10 inches, about 2 inches to about 8 inches, about 2 inches to about 6 inches, about 2 inches to about 4 inches, or about 2 inches to about 3 inches.

In one or more embodiments, as depicted in FIG. 11, the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130 is less than any of the diameters D1, D3, or D10 of the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150. The diameter D2 of the second chamber 130 may be in a range from about 0.25 inches, about 0.3 inches, about 0.375 inches, about 0.5 inches, about 0.7 inches, about 0.75 inches, about 1 inch, about 1.2 inches, about 1.25 inches, about 1.5 inches, about 1.8 inches, about 2 inches, about 2.5 inches, or about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 8 inches, about 10 inches, about 12 inches, about 14 inches, about 15 inches, about 16 inches, about 18 inches, about 20 inches, about 22 inches, about 24 inches, about 28 inches, about 30 inches, about 32 inches, about 36 inches, or about 42 inches. For example, the diameter D2 of the second chamber 130 may be in a range from about 0.3 inches to about 42 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 36 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 30 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 24 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 18 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 15 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 12 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 10 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 8 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 6 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 4 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 3 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 2.5 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 2 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 1.5 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 1 inch, about 0.3 inches to about 0.8 inches, about 0.3 inches to about 0.5 inches, about 1 inch to about 42 inches, about 1 inch to about 36 inches, about 1 inch to about 30 inches, about 1 inch to about 24 inches, about 1 inch to about 18 inches, about 1 inch to about 15 inches, about 1 inch to about 12 inches, about 1 inch to about 10 inches, about 1 inch to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 6 inches, about 1 inch to about 4 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, about 1 inch to about 2.5 inches, about 1 inch to about 2 inches, about 1 inch to about 1.5 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 42 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 36 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 30 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 24 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 18 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 15 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 12 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 10 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 8 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 6 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 2.5 inches, or about 1.5 inches to about 2 inches.

In one or more embodiments for the resonator 1110, the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 may be axially aligned or coaxial with each other via the axis 111. Also, the inlets 122, 132, 142 and the outlets 124, 134, 144 of the first, second, and third chambers 120, 130, 140 are axially aligned or coaxial with each other. In one or more configurations, as depicted in FIG. 11, the chamber 1150 and the passageway 1152 are perpendicular (90°) or substantially perpendicular to the axis 111. In other configurations, not shown, the chamber 1150 and the passageway 1152 are not perpendicular to the axis 111, such as positioned at an angle of about 25°, about 35°, or about 45° to about 50°, about 65°, about 75°, about 85°, or less than 90° relative to the axis 111.

In some configurations of the resonator 1110, the first and third chambers 120, 140 have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber 130 is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber 140. In other examples, the diameter of the chamber 1150 may be the same as, less than, or greater than the diameter of the first chamber 120 or the third chambers 140.

Each of the first chamber 120, the second chamber 130, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 independently contains one or more metals or one or more polymeric materials. Exemplary metals may be or include one or more of iron, steel, stainless steel (e.g., stainless steel 304 or stainless steel 316), Inconel alloy (X-75), nickel, chromium, aluminum, titanium, copper, brass, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. Exemplary polymeric materials may be or include one or more of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density polypropylene (HDPP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 are independently formed or produced as an integral, single, or monolithic body or piece. For example, each of the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 is independently formed from a single pipe or tube. In some configurations, the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 may be from independent pieces that are coupled together, such as being welded, soldered, glued, flanged, clamped, threaded, fastening with fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, or rivets), clipped, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the first chamber 120, the third chamber 140, and the chamber 1150 are formed from pipes or tubes which are threaded together to produce at least a portion of the body.

The resonator 1110 may be installed in a manner consistent with the rest of the piping (e.g., the conduits 106, 108) between the pressurized fluid source 102 and the pressure relief device 104. In one or more examples, if the other components in the conduits 106, 108 between the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., the protected equipment) and the pressure relief device 104 are installed with metallic flanged piping then the resonator 1110 may be made of a metal and have flanged connections. In other examples, if the conduits 106, 108 contain a polymeric material (e.g., PVC piping system) that uses glued socket connections, then the resonator 1110 could be made of the same or different type of polymeric material that includes glued socket connections. This is similar to other piping components (e.g., isolation valves and/or threaded pipes) that are used in pressurized system piping. The pressure relief device 104 may contain a safety valve, a pressure relief valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, a trip valve, or any combination thereof.

The resonator 1110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates acoustic energy passing or otherwise flowing through the resonator 1110. The acoustic energy is typically formed by the pressure relief device 104 and passes through the conduit 108 into the resonator 1110. The resonator 1110 protects the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., a protected system) by reducing or eliminating the acoustic energy. In some examples, the resonator 1110 attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 30%, greater than 35%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, greater than 60%, greater than 70%, greater than 75%, greater than 80%, greater than 85%, greater than 90%, greater than 92%, greater than 95%, greater than 98%, or greater than 99% of the acoustic energy. For example, the resonator 1110 attenuates greater than 25% to about 99%, greater than 30% to about 99%, greater than 40% to about 99%, greater than 50% to about 99%, greater than 60% to about 99%, greater than 60% to about 98%, greater than 60% to about 95%, greater than 60% to about 90%, greater than 60% to about 88%, greater than 60% to about 85%, about 70% to about 99%, about 70% to about 98%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 88%, or about 70% to about 85% of the acoustic energy.

The acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz, about 5 Hz, about 8 Hz, about 10 Hz, about 15 Hz, about 20 Hz, about 25 Hz, about 30 Hz, about 40 Hz, or about 50 Hz to about 60 Hz, about 70 Hz, about 80 Hz, about 100 Hz, about 150 Hz, about 200 Hz, about 250 Hz, about 300 Hz, about 400 Hz, or about 500 Hz. For example, the acoustic energy may have a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 50 Hz, about 1 Hz to about 30 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 25 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 50 Hz, about 30 Hz to about 30 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 200 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 100 Hz, about 50 Hz to about 80 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 500 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 400 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 300 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 250 Hz, about 100 Hz to about 200 Hz, or about 100 Hz to about 150 Hz.

In one or more examples, the resonator 1110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 40%, or greater than 50% of the acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. In some examples, the resonator 1110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 40%, greater than 50%, or greater than 60% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz. In other examples, the resonator 1110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 25%, greater than 40%, or greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz. In other examples, the resonator 1110 dissipates, dampens, diminishes, reduces, or otherwise attenuates greater than 75% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 80 Hz to about 150 Hz.

In one or more embodiments, the pressurized fluid system 100 includes the resonator 1110, the pressurized fluid source 102, and the pressure relief device 104. The resonator 1110 includes the first chamber 120 containing the inlet 122 and the outlet 124 and the second chamber 130 containing the inlet 132, the outlet 134, and the passageway 1152. The inlet 132 of the second chamber 130 is in fluid communication with the outlet 124 of the first chamber 120. The resonator 1110 also includes the third chamber 140 containing the inlet 142 and the outlet 144, where the inlet 142 of the third chamber 140 is in fluid communication with the outlet 134 of the second chamber 130. Also, the chamber 1150 is in fluid communication with the second chamber 130 via the variable passageway within the variable orifice unit 1160 within the passageway 1152. The pressurized fluid source 102 is located upstream of the resonator 1110 and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber 120. The pressure relief device 104 is located downstream of the resonator 1110 and in fluid communication with the outlet 144 of the third chamber 140.

In other embodiments, a method of reducing acoustic energy, such as rapid oscillation, within the pressurized fluid system 100 includes passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source 102 to the resonator 1110 fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source 102, where the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The method further includes dissipating, dampening, diminishing, or otherwise attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator 1110 to produce a reduced acoustic energy and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator 1110 to the pressure relief device 104 fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator 1110. In one or more examples, the resonator 1110 is configured to dissipate, dampen, diminish, or otherwise attenuate greater than 25% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, such as greater than 30%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, or greater than 60% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

The resonator 1110 may be installed between the pressure relief device 104 and the protected equipment and prevents the acoustical energy generated from the use of the pressure relief device 104 from interfering with the stable operation of the pressure relief device 104. To function, the resonator 1110 may be installed directly on the pressure relief device 104 within one wavelength of the chatter frequency from the inlet (e.g., the conduit 108) to the pressure relief device 104. The resonator 1110 may work in all fluid services (e.g., vapor, two-phase, liquids, supercritical) and the resonator 1110 may be installed vertically such that the inlet is directly over the outlet.

The pressure relief device 104 may be installed on new systems that are not yet constructed that require more inlet piping than allowed by codes and standards (e.g., ASME or API) in order comply with other portions of the codes (for instance the inlet lines may be required to be long in order to position the pressure relief device 104 above the disposal system such that the outlet piping drains freely).

The pressure relief device 104 works when the pressure in the system that it protects increases to the set pressure of the pressure relief device 104. When this occurs, the pressure overcomes the force holding the disk down (typically a spring), and the valve opens in the pressure relief device 104. This opening generates acoustical noise which then travels up and down the piping between the pressure relief device 104 and the protected system or pressurized fluid source 102. If the piping is long or has high inlet losses, it has been shown that relief devices and protected system begin to oscillate at specific frequencies. This oscillation is chatter. This instability is prohibited in code and may lead to structural failure of the piping and/or the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., protected system). The resonator 1110 acoustically isolates the pressure relief device 104 from the protected equipment in the pressurized fluid source 102 but allows for the relief fluid to still pass through and protect the system from overpressure.

The resonator 1110 uses a combination of chambers to isolate a broad band of acoustical energy while meeting the installation requirements of ASME codes. The size of the resonator 1110 (like other piping components) varies with the size of the pressurized fluid source 102 (e.g., protected system) and the size and set pressure of the pressure relief device 104.

In one or more examples, the outer diameter of the resonator 1110 may be selected based on the overall length desired. The resonator 1110 may be made from a single pipe in which case diameters D1, D3, and D10 are all identical. In some examples, if made from pressurized system piping components, both ends may be assembled by welding reducing fittings and a pipe nipple with a flanged fitting on the end.

FIG. 1, 10A-10B, and 11 depict a schematic block views of the controller 160 (e.g., control system) and the sensors 162 for use with the pressurized fluid system 100, as well as with the resonators 1010 and 1110, according to one or more embodiments. The controller 160 is configured to receive data or input as sensor readings from one, two, three, four, or more sensors 162. Each of the sensors 162 may independently detect and/or monitor a quantity and/or magnitude of vibrations and/or pressure-flow oscillations (e.g., rate of change in pressure or oscillatory behavior). The controller 160 is equipped with or in communication with a system model of the pressurized fluid system 100 including the resonator 1010 or 1110, the sensors 162, and the variable orifice units 1060 and 1160. The controller 160 may increase, decrease, or maintain the diameter or size of the variable passageways of the variable orifice units 1060 and 1160.

The system model may include or be a program configured to estimate parameters, magnitude, and/or other values (such as vibrations, pressure-flow oscillations (e.g., rate of change in pressure or oscillatory behavior), fluid flow rate and/or rate of change, sound volume, pressure, or any combination thereof) within the pressurized fluid system 100 throughout operation. The controller 160 is further configured to store readings and calculations.

The readings and calculations include previous sensor readings, such as any previous sensor readings within the pressurized fluid system 100. The readings and calculations further include the stored calculated values from after the sensor readings are measured by the controller 160 and run through the system model. Therefore, the controller 160 is configured to both retrieve stored readings and calculations as well as save readings and calculations for future use. Maintaining previous readings and calculations enables the controller 160 to adjust the system model over time to reflect a more accurate version of the pressurized fluid system 100. For example, an energy spectrum and/or a temperature measurement made during a calibration or set-up phase may be stored as a “fingerprint” for adjusting or maintaining the diameter or size of the variable passageways of the variable orifice units 1060 and 1160. This fingerprint information may be later compared with subsequent information from the pressurized fluid system 100.

The controller 160 (e.g., control system) includes a central processing unit (CPU), a memory containing instructions, and support circuits for the CPU. The controller 160 controls various items directly, or via other computers and/or controllers and/or control systems. In one or more embodiments, the controller 160 is communicatively coupled to dedicated controllers, and the controller 160 functions as a central controller.

The controller 160 is of any form of a general-purpose computer processor that is used in an industrial setting for controlling various substrate processing chambers and equipment, and sub-processors thereon or therein. The memory, or non-transitory computer readable medium, is one or more of a readily available memory such as random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), and synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM (e.g., DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR3L, LPDDR3, DDR4, LPDDR4, and the like)), read only memory (ROM), floppy disk, hard disk, flash drive, or any other form of digital storage, local or remote. The support circuits of the controller 160 are coupled to the CPU for supporting the CPU (a processor). The support circuits include cache, power supplies, clock circuits, input/output circuitry and subsystems, and the like. Operational parameters and operations are stored in the memory as a software routine that is executed or invoked to turn the controller 160 into a specific purpose controller to control the operations of the resonator 1010 or 1110, the sensors 162, and the variable orifice units 1060 and 1160 described and discussed herein. The controller 160 is configured to conduct any of the operations described and discussed herein. The instructions stored on the memory, when executed, cause one or more of operations of methods to be conducted described and discussed herein.

In one or more embodiments, the various operations described and discussed herein may be conducted automatically using the controller 160. In other embodiments, the various operations described and discussed herein may be conducted automatically or manually with certain operations conducted by a user.

In one or more embodiments, the controller 160 includes a mass storage device, an input control unit, and a display unit (not shown). The controller 160 monitors vibrations, pressure-flow oscillations, pressures, noise, other conditions, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the controller 160 includes multiple controllers, such that the stored readings and calculations and the system model are stored within a separate controller from the controller 160 which operations the pressurized fluid system 100. In one or more embodiments all of the system model and the stored readings and calculations are saved within the controller 160.

The controller 160 is configured to adjust the output to the controls based off of the sensor readings (e.g., from one, two, three, four, or more sensors 162), the system model, and the stored readings and calculations. For example, controller 160 may send control signals to an input power supply, wherein the control signals designate an input power level that is based on the sensor readings, the system model, and/or the stored readings and calculations. The controller 160 may send individualized control signals to input power supplies for each sensor 162 and/or the variable orifice units 1060 and 1160. The controller 160 includes embedded software and a compensation algorithm to calibrate measurements. The controller 160 may include one or more machine learning algorithms and/or artificial intelligence algorithms that estimate optimized parameters for the deposition operation and/or the cleaning operations. The one or more machine learning algorithms and/or artificial intelligence algorithms may use, for example, a regression model (such as a linear regression model) or a clustering technique to estimate optimized parameters. The algorithm may be unsupervised or supervised.

EXAMPLES

Example 1—A 1.5×2 ‘F’ Pressure Relief Valve installed on a 200 gallon tank with 120 inches of 2 inch diameter inlet pipe. Based on the above discussed equations, the Relief Valve frequency is about 50 Hz, the piping frequency is about 113 Hz and the vessel frequency is about 136 Hz. Thus, the resonator may be designed to filter out about 50% of the frequencies in a range from about 50 Hz to about 136 Hz and have a minimal opening of 1.5 inches. The inlet pipe is 2 inches and the outlet pipe to the PSV is 1.5 inches.

Thus, for a resonator made with 6 inch Schedule 40 pipe (ID-6.026 inches), the overall length from End 1 to End 2 is 16 inches, with D1=D3=D5=about 6.026 inches. D2 is 1.5 inch NPS Schedule 40 pipe with an inner diameter of 1.61 inches and is 6 inches long. The opening to the second chamber (D4) is a 1 inch hole cut in the pipe near the baffle. This resonator removes more than 50% of the energy for frequencies in a range from about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz.

For the purposes of generic design, L1=2 times L3. Relief Valve inlets may range in size from 1 inch up to 8 inches. Table 1 provides the dimensions to size the device for relief device in air service with a set pressure of 150 psig for 3 different sizes of relief devices. For this table, D4 was assumed to be 1 inch and L4 was 0.5 inches. L1=2L3 and actual overall length (AOL)=L1+L2+L3.

TABLE 1
PSV	Design Frequency
Inlet Size	Range (assuming	AOL		L2
(in)	6 feet of pipe) (Hz)	(in)	Outer Diameter	(in)
1	60-150	19	3-inch NPS Pipe	10
3	30-80	30	6-inch NPS Pipe	15
6	20-50	44	10-inch NPS Pipe	23

Embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to any one or more of the following Group I, Clauses 1-84:

Clause 1. A resonator for a pressurized fluid system, comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet; a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber; a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device; and a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port.

Clause 2. The resonator according to Clause 1, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 3. The resonator according to Clause 1 or 2, wherein the inlets and the outlets of the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 4. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-3, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first, third, or fourth chamber.

Clause 5. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-4, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers are integral or monolithic.

Clause 6. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-5, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers are formed from a single pipe.

Clause 7. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-6, wherein the second and fourth chambers have the same length along a common axis.

Clause 8. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-7, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 6 inches.

Clause 9. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-8, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches.

Clause 10. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-9, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 11. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 60% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 12. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-11, wherein a first baffle is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers and a second baffle is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers.

Clause 13. The resonator according to Clause 12, wherein the filter port is adjacent to the first baffle.

Clause 14. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-13, wherein the fourth chamber is disposed between the first and third chambers, and wherein the fourth chamber is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers.

Clause 15. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-14, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a relief valve.

Clause 16. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-15, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 17. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-16, wherein the inlet of the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressurized fluid source.

Clause 18. The resonator according to Clause 17, wherein the pressurized fluid source is a pressure vessel or a pressurized pipe.

Clause 19. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 1-18, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers independently comprises a metal or a polymeric material.

Clause 20. A pressurized fluid system, comprising: a resonator comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet; a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber; a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber; and a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port; a pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber; and a pressure relief device located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 21. The pressurized fluid system according to Clause 20, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 22. The pressurized fluid system according to Clause 20 or 21, wherein the inlets and the outlets of the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 23. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-22, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first, third, or fourth chamber.

Clause 24. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-23, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers are integral or monolithic.

Clause 25. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-24, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers are formed from a single pipe.

Clause 26. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-25, wherein the second and fourth chambers have the same length along a common axis.

Clause 27. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-26, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 6 inches.

Clause 28. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-27, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches.

Clause 29. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-28, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 30. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-29, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 60% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 31. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-30, wherein a first baffle is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers and a second baffle is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers.

Clause 32. The pressurized fluid system according to Clause 31, wherein the filter port is adjacent to the first baffle.

Clause 33. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-32, wherein the fourth chamber is disposed between the first and third chambers, and wherein the fourth chamber is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers.

Clause 34. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-33, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a relief valve.

Clause 35. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-34, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 36. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-35, wherein the pressurized fluid source is a pressure vessel or a pressurized pipe.

Clause 37. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 20-36, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers independently comprises a metal or a polymeric material.

Clause 38. A method of reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system, comprising: passing an initial acoustic energy from a pressurized fluid source to a resonator fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, wherein the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz; attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy; and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator, wherein the resonator comprises: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the first chamber is fluidly coupled to the pressurized fluid source; a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber; a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is fluidly coupled to the pressure relief device; and a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port.

Clause 39. The method according to Clause 38, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 40. The method according to Clause 38 or 39, wherein the inlets and the outlets of the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 41. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-40, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first, third, or fourth chamber.

Clause 42. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-41, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers are integral or monolithic.

Clause 43. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-42, wherein the first, third, and fourth chambers are formed from a single pipe.

Clause 44. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-43, wherein the second and fourth chambers have the same length along a common axis.

Clause 45. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-44, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 6 inches.

Clause 46. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-45, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.5 inches to about 3 inches.

Clause 47. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-46, wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 25% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 48. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-47, wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 40% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 49. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-48, wherein a first baffle is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers and a second baffle is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers.

Clause 50. The method according to Clause 49, wherein the filter port is adjacent to the first baffle.

Clause 51. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-50, wherein the fourth chamber is disposed between the first and third chambers, and wherein the fourth chamber is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers.

Clause 52. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-51, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a relief valve.

Clause 53. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-52, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 54. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-53, wherein the pressurized fluid source is a pressure vessel or a pressurized pipe.

Clause 55. The method according to any one of Clauses 38-54, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth chambers independently comprises a metal or a polymeric material.

Clause 56. A resonator for a pressurized fluid system, comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet; a second chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber; and a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device.

Clause 57. The resonator according to Clause 56, wherein the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 58. The resonator according to Clause 56 or 57, wherein the inlets and the outlets of the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 59. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-58, wherein the first and third chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber.

Clause 60. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-59, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 61. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-60, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 60% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 62. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-61, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a relief valve.

Clause 63. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-62, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 64. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-63, wherein the inlet of the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressurized fluid source.

Clause 65. The resonator according to Clause 64, wherein the pressurized fluid source is a pressure vessel or a pressurized pipe.

Clause 66. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-65, wherein each of the first, second, and third chambers independently comprises a metal or a polymeric material.

Clause 67. A pressurized fluid system, comprising: the resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-66; the pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber; and a pressure relief device located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 68. A method of reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system, comprising: passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source to the resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-66 and fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, wherein the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz; attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy; and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator.

Clause 69. A resonator for a pressurized fluid system, comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet; a second chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber; a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device; and a baffle encompassing the second chamber and disposed between the first and third chambers.

Clause 70. The resonator according to Clause 69, wherein the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 71. The resonator according to Clause 69 or 70, wherein the inlets and the outlets of the first, second, and third chambers are axially aligned or coaxial with each other.

Clause 72. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-71, wherein the first and third chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber.

Clause 73. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-72, wherein the first and third chambers are integral or monolithic.

Clause 74. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-73, wherein the first and third chambers are formed from a single pipe.

Clause 75. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-74, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 25% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 76. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-75, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 40% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 77. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-76, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a relief valve.

Clause 78. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-77, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 79. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-78, wherein the inlet of the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressurized fluid source.

Clause 80. The resonator according to Clause 79, wherein the pressurized fluid source is a pressure vessel or a pressurized pipe.

Clause 81. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-80, wherein each of the first, second, and third chambers independently comprises a metal or a polymeric material.

Clause 82. A pressurized fluid system, comprising: the resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-81; the pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber; and a pressure relief device located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 83. A method of reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system, comprising: passing an initial acoustic energy from the pressurized fluid source to the resonator according to any one of Clauses 69-83 and fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, wherein the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz; attenuating a portion of the initial acoustic energy within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy; and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator.

Clause 84. The resonator, the pressurized fluid system, and/or the method according to any one of Clauses 1-83 in combination with any of the resonator, the pressurized fluid system, and/or the method according to any one of Clauses 1-83.

In addition to Group I, Clauses 1-84 above, the Embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to any one or more of the following Group II, Clauses 1-81:

Clause 1. A pressurized fluid system, comprising a resonator, a pressurized fluid source, a pressure relief device, one or more sensors, and a controller. The resonator comprises a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port, and a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, wherein the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The pressurized fluid source is located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber. The pressure relief device is located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber. The one or more sensors configured to detect vibration or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure, wherein the one or more sensors are coupled to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit, the pressure relief device, and the outlet of the third chamber. A controller is configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

Clause 2. The pressurized fluid system of Clause 1, wherein variable orifice unit comprises a throttle valve.

Clause 3. The pressurized fluid system according to Clause 2, wherein the throttle valve comprises a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

Clause 4. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-3, wherein the controller is configured to increase the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure is increased from a previous signal.

Clause 5. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-4, wherein the controller is configured to decrease the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure is decreased from a previous signal.

Clause 6. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-5, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the pressure relief device.

Clause 7. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-6, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 8. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-7, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the pressure relief device and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 9. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-8, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit, a second sensor coupled to the pressure relief device, and a third sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 10. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-9, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 8 inches.

Clause 11. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein the size or diameter of the variable passageway is about 0.8 inches to about 8 inches.

Clause 12. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-11, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 70% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 13. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-12, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 80% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 14. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-13, wherein the size or diameter of the variable passageway is about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, and wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 75% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz.

Clause 15. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-14, wherein the resonator comprises the controller coupled thereto.

Clause 16. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-15, wherein the variable orifice unit comprises the controller coupled thereto.

Clause 17. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-16, wherein the controller is wirelessly connected to or wirelessly in communication with the variable orifice unit and/or to the one or more sensors.

Clause 18. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-17, wherein the controller is physically connected by one or more wires connected to or in communication with the variable orifice unit and/or to the one or more sensors.

Clause 19. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-18, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a safety valve, a pressure relief valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic-actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, a trip valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 20. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-19, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers are aligned with each other along a common axis.

Clause 21. The pressurized fluid system of Clause 20, wherein the filter port and the fourth chamber are aligned with each other and are substantially perpendicular to the common axis.

Clause 22. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-21, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers have the same diameter as each other.

Clause 23. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-22, wherein the first and third chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber.

Clause 24. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-23, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers are integral or monolithic as a single body.

Clause 25. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-24, wherein the fourth chamber is encompassing the second chamber.

Clause 26. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-25, wherein a first baffle is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers and a second baffle is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers, and wherein the filter port is adjacent to the first baffle.

Clause 27. The pressurized fluid system according to any one of Clauses 1-26, wherein the fourth chamber is disposed between the first and third chambers, and wherein the fourth chamber is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers.

Clause 28. A method of reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system, comprising: passing an initial acoustic energy from a pressurized fluid source to a resonator fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, wherein the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz, attenuating greater than 70% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy, and passing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator. The pressurized fluid system comprises the resonator which further comprises a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port, a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, wherein the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber, the pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber, the pressure relief device in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber, one or more sensors detecting vibration or pressure and generating and transferring a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure, wherein the one or more sensors are coupled to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit, the pressure relief device, and the outlet of the third chamber, and a controller adjusting a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

Clause 29. The method according to Clause 28, wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 70% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 30. The method according to Clause 28 or 29, wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 75% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz.

Clause 31. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-30, wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 80% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 32. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-31, wherein variable orifice unit comprises a throttle valve.

Clause 33. The according to Clause 32, wherein the throttle valve comprises a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

Clause 34. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-33, wherein the controller increases the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure has increased in value from a previous signal.

Clause 35. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-34, wherein the controller decreases the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure has decreased in value from a previous signal.

Clause 36. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-35, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the pressure relief device.

Clause 37. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-36, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 38. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-37, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the pressure relief device and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 39. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-38, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit, a second sensor coupled to the pressure relief device, and a third sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 40. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-39, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 8 inches.

Clause 41. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-40, wherein the size or diameter of the variable passageway is about 0.8 inches to about 8 inches.

Clause 42. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-41, wherein the variable passageway is adjusted to have a size or diameter of about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, and wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 75% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz.

Clause 43. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-42, wherein the resonator comprises the controller coupled thereto.

Clause 44. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-43, wherein the variable orifice unit comprises the controller coupled thereto.

Clause 45. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-44, wherein the controller is wirelessly connected to or wirelessly in communication with the variable orifice unit and/or to the one or more sensors.

Clause 46. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-45, wherein the controller is physically connected by one or more wires connected to or in communication with the variable orifice unit and/or to the one or more sensors.

Clause 47. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-46, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a safety valve, a pressure relief valve, a bellows relief valve, a pilot-operated relief valve, a power-actuated relief valve, an electromagnetic- actuated relief valve, a pneumatically-actuated relief valve, a spring-driven relief valve, a trip valve, or any combination thereof.

Clause 48. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-47, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers are aligned with each other along a common axis.

Clause 49. The according to Clause 48, wherein the filter port and the fourth chamber are aligned with each other and are substantially perpendicular to the common axis.

Clause 50. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-49, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers have the same diameter as each other.

Clause 51. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-50, wherein the first and third chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber.

Clause 52. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-51, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers are integral or monolithic as a single body.

Clause 53. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-52, wherein the fourth chamber is encompassing the second chamber.

Clause 54. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-53, wherein a first baffle is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers and a second baffle is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers, and wherein the filter port is adjacent to the first baffle.

Clause 55. The method according to any one of Clauses 28-54, wherein the fourth chamber is disposed between the first and third chambers, and wherein the fourth chamber is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers.

Clause 56. A resonator for a pressurized fluid system, comprising a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber, a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device comprising a safety valve, and a fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port. The pressurized fluid system comprises a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, wherein the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber. The resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. One or more sensors configured to detect vibration or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure. The pressurized fluid system further comprises a controller configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

Clause 57. The resonator according to Clause 56, wherein the one or more sensors are coupled to the variable orifice unit and/or the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 58. The resonator according to Clause 56 or 57, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 59. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-58, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit.

Clause 60. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-59, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

Clause 61. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-60, wherein variable orifice unit comprises a throttle valve.

Clause 62. The resonator of Clause 61, wherein the throttle valve comprises a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

Clause 63. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-62, wherein the controller is configured to increase the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure is increased from a previous signal.

Clause 64. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-63, wherein the controller is configured to decrease the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure is decreased from a previous signal.

Clause 65. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-64, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 8 inches.

Clause 66. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-65, wherein the size or diameter of the variable passageway is about 0.8 inches to about 8 inches.

Clause 67. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-66, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 70% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

Clause 68. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-67, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 80% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 300 Hz.

Clause 69. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-68, wherein the size or diameter of the variable passageway is about 0.5 inches to about 6 inches, and wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 75% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz.

Clause 70. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-69, wherein the variable orifice unit comprises the controller coupled thereto.

Clause 71. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-70, wherein the controller is wirelessly connected to or wirelessly in communication with the variable orifice unit and/or to the one or more sensors.

Clause 72. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-71, wherein the controller is physically connected by one or more wires connected to or in communication with the variable orifice unit and/or to the one or more sensors.

Clause 73. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-72, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers are aligned with each other along a common axis.

Clause 74. The resonator of Clause 73, wherein the filter port and the fourth chamber are aligned with each other and are substantially perpendicular to the common axis.

Clause 75. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-74, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers have the same diameter as each other.

Clause 76. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-75, wherein the first and third chambers have the same diameter as each other, and the diameter of the second chamber is less than the diameter of the first or third chamber.

Clause 77. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-76, wherein the first, second, and third, chambers are integral or monolithic as a single body.

Clause 78. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-77, wherein the fourth chamber is encompassing the second chamber.

Clause 79. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-78, wherein a first baffle is disposed between and separates the first and fourth chambers and a second baffle is disposed between and separates the third and fourth chambers, and wherein the filter port is adjacent to the first baffle.

Clause 80. The resonator according to any one of Clauses 56-79, wherein the fourth chamber is disposed between the first and third chambers, and wherein the fourth chamber is fluidly isolated from the first and third chambers.

Clause 81. The resonator, the pressurized fluid system, and/or the method according to any one of Clauses 1-80 in combination with any of the resonator, the pressurized fluid system, and/or the method according to any one of Clauses 1-80.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. All documents described herein are incorporated by reference herein, including any priority documents and/or testing procedures to the extent they are not inconsistent with this text. As is apparent from the foregoing general description and the specific embodiments, while forms of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is not intended that the present disclosure be limited thereby. Likewise, whenever a composition, an element, or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that the same composition or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of”, “consisting of”, “selected from the group of consisting of”, or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element, or elements and vice versa, are contemplated.

Certain embodiments and features have been described using a set of numerical minimum values and a set of numerical maximum values. It should be appreciated that ranges including the combination of any two values, e.g., the combination of any minimum value with any maximum value, the combination of any two minimum values, and/or the combination of any two maximum values are contemplated unless otherwise indicated. Certain minimum values, maximum values, and ranges appear in one or more claims below.

Claims

1. A pressurized fluid system, comprising: a resonator comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet;a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber;a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber;a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port;a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, wherein the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber;wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz;a pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber;a pressure relief device located downstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber;one or more sensors configured to detect vibration or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure, wherein the one or more sensors are coupled to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit, the pressure relief device, and the outlet of the third chamber; anda controller configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

2. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein variable orifice unit comprises a throttle valve.

3. The pressurized fluid system of claim 2, wherein the throttle valve comprises a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

4. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to increase the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure is increased from a previous signal.

5. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to decrease the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure is decreased from a previous signal.

6. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the pressure relief device.

7. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

8. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the pressure relief device and a second sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

9. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a first sensor coupled to the variable orifice unit, a second sensor coupled to the pressure relief device, and a third sensor coupled to the outlet of the third chamber.

10. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the filter port has a diameter of about 0.25 inches to about 8 inches.

11. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 70% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz.

12. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the resonator comprises the controller coupled thereto.

13. The pressurized fluid system of claim 1, wherein the variable orifice unit comprises the controller coupled thereto.

14. A method of reducing acoustic energy within a pressurized fluid system, comprising: passing an initial acoustic energy from a pressurized fluid source to a resonator fluidly coupled downstream of the pressurized fluid source, wherein the initial acoustic energy has a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz;attenuating greater than 70% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz within the resonator to produce a reduced acoustic energy; andpassing the reduced acoustic energy from the resonator to a pressure relief device fluidly coupled downstream of the resonator, wherein the pressurized fluid system comprises:the resonator comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet;a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber;a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber;a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port;a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, wherein the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber;the pressurized fluid source located upstream of the resonator and in fluid communication with the inlet of the first chamber;the pressure relief device in fluid communication with the outlet of the third chamber;one or more sensors detecting vibration or pressure and generating and transferring a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure, wherein the one or more sensors are coupled to any one or more of: the variable orifice unit, the pressure relief device, and the outlet of the third chamber; anda controller adjusting a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the resonator attenuates greater than 75% of the initial acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 25 Hz to about 400 Hz.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein variable orifice unit comprises a throttle valve.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the throttle valve comprises a ball valve, a gate valve, a butterfly valve, a needle valve, a globe valve, a plug valve, a dilation valve, a dilation device, or any combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the controller increases the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure has increased in value from a previous signal.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the controller decreases the size or diameter of the variable passageway in response to the signal from the sensor indicating the detected vibration or pressure has decreased in value from a previous signal.

20. A resonator for a pressurized fluid system, comprising: a first chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet;a second chamber comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a filter port, wherein the inlet of the second chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first chamber;a third chamber comprising an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the third chamber is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second chamber, and wherein the outlet of the third chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure relief device comprising a safety valve; anda fourth chamber encompassing the second chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber by the filter port;a variable orifice unit coupled to the filter port and disposed between the second chamber and the fourth chamber, wherein the variable orifice unit has a variable passageway between and in fluid communication with the second chamber and the fourth chamber;wherein the resonator is configured to attenuate greater than 50% of an acoustic energy having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz;one or more sensors configured to detect vibration or pressure and to generate and transfer a signal indicative of the vibration or the pressure; anda controller configured to adjust a size or diameter of the variable passageway based on the signal received from the sensor.