Resource Core 2 - Primate/rodent Optics Core (POC) Leads: Ailey Crow PhD and Sean Quirin PhD Project Summary The Primate/rodent Optics Core (POC) involves the guided use and ongoing refinement of continuously- modernized optical technologies across projects. We recognize the need now to 1) build optical strategies for dedicated U19 team application, and 2) continuously adapt and modernize to keep up with the fast-moving field over the course of the 5-year overall project. The Core will meet this project-specific goal, to address the many technologically-intensive optical questions that will continuously arise across projects, and to capitalize on new technological opportunities to ensure that U19 team maintains capability to push the envelope. The POC will develop, validate, and implement (in the real-world setting of the U19 team projects/collaborations), multiple next-generation technologies for studying neural circuit structure-function relationships combined with optogenetic control. These include our novel simultaneous high-speed multi-site quantification of genetically- specified neural activity traffic across the adult mammalian (rodent or primate) brain-- suitable for measuring experience-triggered joint activity relationships among multiple brainwide projections and cell populations. These also include our advancement and cross-species disseminati0n of wide-field high-resolution activity imaging and our two-photon multiple-single-cell imaging and stimulation technology. We pay particular attention to integrative methods for crossing scales of observation and manipulation, from single neuron- resolution all the way to brainwide analysis during behavior. Results from U19 Team implementation, relating to optical figures of merit, including signal-to-noise, aberrations, and speed, will be fed back to the Core development process led by Dr. Sean Quirin, Dr. Ailey Crow and the rest of the POC staff, under supervision of PD/PI Karl Deisseroth, in a tight closed-loop workflow guided by real-world application, a key opportunity for fundamental science itself.