This application is directed to the field of image and information processing and online search, and more particularly to the field of identifying fragments of scanned paper copies of articles and retrieving full online copies of articles via Internet search based on fragment content.
Mobile phones with digital cameras have become a pervasive type of mobile devices. Worldwide smartphone sales have surpassed one billion units for the first time in 2014. According to market forecasts, in 2014-2018, annual smartphone shipments are expected to grow from 1.28 to 1.87 billion units. Over 80% of all mobile phones will be arriving to customers with embedded digital cameras. Market research also indicates that photographing with phone cameras ranks first among the most popular activities of smartphone owners. According to recent polls, photographing with phone cameras was employed by 82% of users, exceeding even the previously most popular activity, texting, which was utilized by 80% of the owners. Other studies indicate that every year over a quarter of all photographs are taken with smartphones; the total count of images posted on social photo-sharing sites and taken with smartphones has exceeded the cumulative count of posted photographs taken with all other types and models of non-smartphone equipment.
Hundreds of millions smartphone users are daily employing smartphone cameras in their business offices and homes and are combining their digital habits with the conventional lifestyle where paper media retains its significant role in the everyday information flow of businesses and households. Pages from books and magazines, printed newspaper articles, receipts, invoices, checks, tax and other forms, printed reports, business cards, handwritten notes and memos on legal pads, in specialized Moleskine notebooks, on sticky notes or easels, and many other types of printed and handwritten documents are increasingly benefiting from digital capturing. Thus, a recent survey of smartphone usage by millennials has revealed that 68% of survey respondents have been introduced to mobile information capturing via mobile check deposits, while 83% share an opinion that mobile capture will be part of all mobile transactions within the next few years.
The role of digitizing and capturing of paper based information has increased with the arrival of unified multi-platform content management systems, such as the Evernote service and software developed by Evernote Corporation of Redwood City, Calif. Growing camera resolution, quality of photographs and feature sets of smartphone cameras allow users to capture scenes with rich content and multiple objects.
In recent years, many software applications for advanced real-time processing of photographs made with smartphone cameras have been developed. These applications may improve various aspects of image quality, fix perspective distortions, identify different types of objects in photographed scenes, etc. Combined with cloud services or working standalone, software applications may further recognize objects such as barcodes, text and faces and assign alphanumeric values or names to objects. Progress has also been made in automatic scanning of paper documents using smartphone cameras. For example, Scannable software by Evernote Corporation may identify and automatically capture document pages in complex scenes with perspective and other types of image correction or retrieve content layout within document pages.
Notwithstanding significant progress in pre-processing, correction and recognition of scenes captured with smartphone cameras, interaction levels between the smartphone and the user in the photographing process remain insufficient. Users have limited capabilities to select a sub-scene or a set of dedicated objects from a complex scene, avoid capturing of unnecessary objects, etc. Additionally, when a fragment of a paper document is captured, users don't gain access to a full document, although on many occasions, an online copy of the full document exists.
Accordingly, it may be useful to develop efficient mechanisms for interacting with a user at the time of capturing photographs with smartphone cameras and for supplementing a captured document fragment with a full online copy thereof.
According to the system described herein, searching for documents includes retrieving objects from a physical media image using a camera from a smartphone, a user selecting a subset of the objects, forming a search query based on the subset of objects, and applying the search query to a search engine to search for the documents. Retrieving objects from a media image may include waiting for a view of the camera to stabilize. Waiting for the view of the camera to stabilize may include detecting changing content of a video flow provided to the camera and/or using motion sensors of the camera to detect movement. Retrieving objects may include the smartphone identifying possible subsets of objects in the media image. The user selecting a subset of the objects may include the smartphone presenting at least some of the possible subsets to the user and the user selecting one of the possible subsets. The user may reject some of the possible subsets by shaking the smartphone during presentation thereof. The user may select one of the possible subsets by tapping the smartphone during presentation thereof. The user may select one of the possible subsets by viewing the one of the possible subsets for a pre-determined amount of time without viewing other ones of the subsets. The search query may be formed from text identified in the subset of objects chosen by the user. Searching for documents may also include removing stopwords from the text identified in the subset of objects chosen by the user to provide a plurality of text fragments. The search query may be formed from the plurality of text fragments. Search results may be prioritized based on publication time, author credentials, and/or distribution chain.
According further to the system described herein, a non-transitory computer readable medium contains software that searches for documents. The software includes executable code that retrieves objects from a physical media image using a camera from a smartphone, executable code that facilitates a user selecting a subset of the objects, executable code that forms a search query based on the subset of objects, and executable code that applies the search query to a search engine to search for the documents. Retrieving objects from a media image may include waiting for a view of the camera to stabilize. Waiting for the view of the camera to stabilize may include detecting changing content of a video flow provided to the camera and/or using motion sensors of the camera to detect movement. Retrieving objects may include the smartphone identifying possible subsets of objects in the media image. The user selecting a subset of the objects may include the smartphone presenting at least some of the possible subsets to the user and the user selecting one of the possible subsets. The user may reject some of the possible subsets by shaking the smartphone during presentation thereof. The user may select one of the possible subsets by tapping the smartphone during presentation thereof. The user may select one of the possible subsets by viewing the one of the possible subsets for a pre-determined amount of time without viewing other ones of the subsets. The search query may be formed from text identified in the subset of objects chosen by the user. The software may also include executable code that removes stopwords from the text identified in the subset of objects chosen by the user to provide a plurality of text fragments. The search query may be formed from the plurality of text fragments. Search results may be prioritized based on publication time, author credentials, and/or distribution chain.
The proposed system monitors motion of a camera of a smartphone, processes video flow captured by the smartphone in a preview mode, analyzes scenes to detect preferred objects, assists a user in retrieving objects in a semi-automatic mode, analyzes text portion of a retrieved object, builds an online query, searches for full online copies of articles corresponding to an object, and uses timing, author and distribution criteria to choose a most adequate online source, which may be stored as a reference or as a full copy with the retrieved object.
System functioning includes several phases, as follows:
1. Retrieving Objects from a Camera Phone Photograph.
2. Identifying and Recognizing Text within Objects.
3. Building Search Query.
4. Identifying and Optimizing Source Documents.
In the first case (i), the identified document is likely a unique online source for the object, such as an online copy of a full original non-syndicated article printed in a newspaper from which a fragment was extracted as the current object. In the second case (ii), documents may represent syndicated versions of an article, publications of document copies in different online repositories, etc. In the third case (iii), a print copy from which the object was extracted may be the only representation of the document or article, such as exclusive articles intended only for users of paid print publications that aren't reproduced in free or reduced price internet outlets of a publication.
Several additional steps may be helpful for selection of a single source document in the scenario (ii), as explained below. An additional check may be done to verify whether the whole body of text in the chosen object may be found, with possible insignificant variations, as a contiguous fragment of the source document; if so, the source may be presented to the user for approval. In both scenarios (i) and (ii), a web address of the identified source page may be stored with the object as a reference, or a full copy of the document, when possible and permitted, may be stored with the captured object.
Further details of the system workflow are listed below; some of the further details may be optional and depend, for example, on an outcome of scene analysis by the system:
Embodiments of the system described herein will now be explained in more detail in accordance with the figures of the drawings, which are briefly described as follows.
The system described herein provides a mechanism for analyzing printed media and document pages targeted by a user smartphone, in a camera preview mode, assisting the user in semi-automatic retrieval of desired objects from the page, processing textual information in the retrieved objects and searching for full online copies of printed materials that may be stored as references with the captured objects.
As the smartphone movement slows down and the user targets a full or a portion of the printed page, as illustrated by a trajectory 150, a camera position and view angle 160, and a page fragment 170, the system becomes capable of analyzing a relatively stable video flow in the camera preview mode and may start identifying objects 180 within the page fragment 170.
It is not immediately known to the system which object(s) the user is interested to choose and store. Accordingly, the system may build a series of scenarios combining the desired objects in various combinations, as illustrated by layouts 210a, 210b, 210c where each object included in a scenario is surrounded with a frame. Thus, the scenario 210a includes all objects in the fragment 170 (three columns and a header); the scenario 210b includes only the left column; and the scenario 210c includes only the middle column.
The system may build pictograms illustrating each scenario and display the pictograms one-by-one on a screen of the smartphone 110 for user choice. The system may also display a set of scenarios on the screen and allow the user choosing from among the scenarios by tapping or other gesture or by an alternative method, such as a voice command choosing a particular scenario. In
The user may choose or skip a scenario employing various mechanisms, as explained elsewhere herein. In
Once a scenario is accepted, the system may take a static photograph of the chosen object or crop the object from the scene, as shown by a snapshot 250.
At a next step, the system builds a search query 330, which may include all fragments between the omitted stop words with the requirement of exact match for each of the fragments. The query 330 may be submitted to a general purpose or specialized, public or other search engine 340. The set of search results 350 (
Referring to
After the step 425, processing proceeds to a step 430, where the system identifies and recognizes text associated with the chosen object. After the step 430, processing proceeds to a test step 435, where it is determined whether the text size is sufficient. If not, processing is complete; otherwise, processing proceeds to a step 440 where the system identifies and marks stop words using a dedicated vocabulary, as explained elsewhere herein, in particular, in conjunction with
After the step 450, processing proceeds to a step 455, where the combined master search query is sent to a search engine, as explained elsewhere herein. After the step 455 processing proceeds to a test step 460, where it is determined whether any source pages satisfy the search query. If not, processing is complete; otherwise, processing proceeds to a test step 465, where it is determined whether the source page is unique. If not, processing proceeds to a step 470, where the system identifies criteria used to rank multiple source pages, such as publication dates and times, authors, roles of source pages in the content distribution chain, etc., as explained elsewhere herein, including
After the step 470, processing proceeds to a step 475 where the system ranks sources according to the criteria and chooses an authentic original source, possibly with approval of the user. After the step 475, processing proceeds to a step 480, where the system verifies the presence of the contiguous text associated with the chosen object within the identified source. The step 480 may be independently reached from the test step 465 if the search returned a single source. After the step 480, processing proceeds to a test step 485, where it is determined whether the contiguous text associated with the object is present in the identified source. If so, processing proceeds to a step 490 where the system presents the source to user for a final approval and stores information about the source (such as a web address and/or or a full text) with the chosen object; otherwise, processing is complete. After the step 490, processing is complete.
Referring to
After the step 525, processing proceeds to a step 530, where the system selects a frame from the preview video flow. After the step 530, processing proceeds to a step 535, where the selected frame is analyzed and preferred object candidates in the scene are detected. After the step 535, processing proceeds to a test step 540, where it is determined whether the set of preferred object candidates is stable from frame to frame of the video flow. If not, processing proceeds back to the step 530 to continue frame selection until the set of candidates stabilizes. Otherwise, processing proceeds to a test step 542 where it is determined whether the stable set of candidates includes multiple objects. If so, processing proceeds to a step 545 where the system builds object choice scenarios, as explained elsewhere herein (see, in particular,
If it has been determined at the test step 542 that the set of candidates contains a single object or if it has been determined at the test step 560 that the choice timeout has transpired, processing proceeds to a step 590 where the system makes a static snapshot of the scene (this step may be optional and may depend, for example, on a difference in image resolution of a static snapshot and a preview frame). After the step 590, processing proceeds to a step 595, where the system retrieves and presents objects according to the chosen scenario. After the step 595, processing is complete.
Various embodiments discussed herein may be combined with each other in appropriate combinations in connection with the system described herein. Additionally, in some instances, the order of steps in the flowcharts, flow diagrams and/or described flow processing may be modified, where appropriate. Subsequently, elements and areas of screen described in screen layouts may vary from the illustrations presented herein. Further, various aspects of the system described herein may be implemented using software, hardware, a combination of software and hardware and/or other computer-implemented modules or devices having the described features and performing the described functions. Smartphones functioning as object capturing devices may include software that is pre-loaded with the device, installed from an app store, installed from a desktop (after possibly being pre-loaded thereon), installed from media such as a CD, DVD, etc., and/or downloaded from a Web site. Such smartphones may use operating system(s) selected from the group consisting of: iOS, Android OS, Windows Phone OS, Blackberry OS and mobile versions of Linux OS.
Software implementations of the system described herein may include executable code that is stored in a computer readable medium and executed by one or more processors. The computer readable medium may be non-transitory and include a computer hard drive, ROM, RAM, flash memory, portable computer storage media such as a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a flash drive, an SD card and/or other drive with, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, and/or any other appropriate tangible or non-transitory computer readable medium or computer memory on which executable code may be stored and executed by a processor. The software may be bundled (pre-loaded), installed from an app store or downloaded from a location of a network operator. The system described herein may be used in connection with any appropriate operating system.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
This application claims priority to U.S. Prov. App. No. 62/209,046, filed on Aug. 24, 2015, and entitled “RESTORING FULL ONLINE DOCUMENTS FROM SCANNED PAPER FRAGMENTS”, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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