Patent Application
20220207635
The present invention relates to systems, devices, and methods utilizing restraints, biometric sensors, and electric shock devices to restrain detainees, and more particularly to at least one restraint cuff with an ability to respond to a reading on a biometric sensor to adjust the level of restraint.
Handcuffs are more traditionally used by law enforcement, and security forces. Handcuffs are restraining devices designed to secure an individual's wrists close together. They comprise two halves, linked together by a chain, hinge or in the case of rigid cuffs, a bar. Each half has a rotating part which engages with a ratchet which is closed around a person's wrist. Without the key, the person cannot move their wrists more than a few centimeters/inches apart, making many tasks difficult or impossible. This is usually done to prevent suspected criminals from escaping police custody. There are two distinct subtypes of contemporary metal handcuffs: one in which the cuffs are held together by a short chain, and another, of more recent origin, which uses a hinge for this purpose. Since the hinged handcuffs are somewhat smaller when fully extended they are seen as being more easily utilized by a police officer who has relatively small hands, and are also regarded by some observers as more secure because the wrists end up being held closer together than with the chain subtype, and are also bound more rigidly. A third type, the rigid handcuff, has a metal block or bar between the cuffs. While bulkier to carry, it permits several variations in cuffing. An example of rigid handcuffs is Hiatts Speedcuffs as used by most police forces in the United Kingdom. Both rigid and hinged cuffs can be used one-handed to apply pain-compliance/control techniques that are not workable with the chain type of cuff. Various accessories are available to improve the security or increase the rigidity of handcuffs, including boxes that fit over the chain or hinge and can themselves be locked with a padlock.
Handcuffs with double locks have a lock-spring that when engaged stops the cuff from ratcheting tighter to prevent the wearer from tightening them. Tightening could be intentional or by struggling, when tightened the handcuffs may cause nerve damage or loss of circulation. Also, some wearers could tighten the cuffs to attempt an escape by having the officer loosen the cuffs and while the cuffs are loose attempt the escape. Double locks also make picking the locks more difficult.
Three kinds of double locks for handcuffs include the lever lock, the push pin lock, and the slot lock. The lever lock is double-locked by fully lifting the lever with a fingertip and then allowing it to return. This causes the lock spring to move into a position that locks the bolt thus preventing the cuff from being further tightened. Thus no tool is required to double lock of this kind. The push pin lock is double-locked by fully depressing the push pin using the small peg on the top of the key. This causes the lock spring to move into a position that locks the bolt thus preventing the cuff from being further tightened. The slot lock is double-locked by inserting the small peg on the top of the key into the double lock slot. In this position, the small peg can contact the end of the lock spring. The key is then slid towards the keyhole. This causes the lock spring to move into a position that locks the bolt, thus preventing the cuff from being further tightened.
On occasions when a suspect exhibits extremely aggressive behavior, leg irons may be used as well; sometimes the chain connecting the leg irons to one another is looped around the chain of the handcuffs, and then the leg irons are applied, resulting in the person being “hog-tied”. In a few rare cases, hog-tied persons lying on their stomachs have died from positional asphyxia, making the practice highly controversial, and leading to its being severely restricted, or even completely banned, in many localities. However, when a person is restrained within handcuffs and/or leg irons there are many reports of these individuals escaping and/or causing serious injuries to law enforcement personnel. Thus, a need exists for a device, which overcomes these and other restraint and separate electric shock device problems.
Further, as interactions with police continue, there is a major concern about the treatment of the detained. With the stressful situation of being detained, as well as simply being in custody, a detainee may be undergoing a medical episode. As such, the police officer or security professional may need to be assisted in providing humane treatment to the detainee. This invention is an improvement upon past electric handcuffs, like U.S. Pat. No. 8,839,796, (Reese et al) which is incorporated by reference.
The invention relates to a restraining device comprising a restraint for physically constraining movement of at least a portion of a detainee's body. The restraint further has a tightness adjusting component coupled to the restraint and a control system coupled to the tightness adjusting component. The control system is configured to cause the tightness adjustment component to adjust the tightness of the restraint upon the detainee when a predetermined condition occurs. There is a sensor in communication with the control system, and the sensor is configured to detect whether the detainee enters into a medical or physical condition requiring a response; the control system is configured to adjust the tightness of the restraint to the detainee when the sensor indicates the detainee needs a different level of tightness regarding the restraint.
A further embodiment may be a restraint where the restraint includes at least one of: a handcuff; an ankle cuff; a restraining belt; a straightjacket; a harness; a facial restraint; a helmet; and a neck collar; and combinations thereof.
Another embodiment may include an electric shock component with one or more electrodes coupled to the electric shock component, wherein at least one of the one or more electrodes are configured to contact the skin of the detainee to deliver a shock.
Some embodiments of the control system are configured to cause a warning to be provided to the detainee prior to adjusting the tightness of the restraint.
This warning may be one or more of: an audio warning; a tactile warning; a visual warning; and combinations thereof and/or vary in intensity of the warning.
Certain embodiments of the sensor are configured to measure and store one or more of: a status of the adjustment component; a status of the restraint; a status of the detainee; a record of adjustments delivered or to the detainee.
Some embodiments may have a sensor that includes one or more of: an accelerometer; an inclinometer; a potentiometer; a location sensing device; a microphone; a camera; a biometric sensor; and combinations thereof.
There are embodiments where the control system is configured to communicate with one or more entities remote to the device, wherein the communication includes at least one of: a wireless data transmission; a transmission of an analog audio signal; a transmission of a signal digitally encoding at least one of audio information and data; a signal encoded with information comprising a command to be interpreted by the control system; a signal encoded with authentication information; and a signal comprising status information regarding the device. The communication between the control system and the one or more external entities may include one or more of: a command provided by the external entity to the control system, the command for controlling one or more functions of the device; a status provided by the control system to the external entity, the status relating to at least one of: data relating to the detainee; and one or more components of the device; a message provided by the external entity to the control system, the message for delivery to the detainee through one or more output devices in communication with the control system; information provided by the control system to the external entity, the information collected by one or more sensors in communication with the control system; and combinations thereof. The communication between the control system and the one or more external entities may be encrypted.
Certain embodiments may have a substance delivery system in communication with the control system, wherein the control system is configured to cause the substance delivery system to expose the detainee to a substance. This substance may be a liquid, a gas, a dye, an irritant, a medication, a sedative, a transdermal medication, a chemical restraint, a paralytic, a medication prescribed to the detainee, and combinations thereof.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
This innovative smart handcuff design could potentially save lives as the handcuffs may adjust tightness in response to a medical situation and/or alert the proper authorities to assist the detainee.
A block diagram depiction of a system 100 using restraining devices 110 interfaced to external controlling entities 1100 is shown in
In one embodiment power source 200 provides an energy source for the electric shock component 150, and all other electronic components within the restraining device 110. For instance, power source 200 may operate sensors 1005 including a communication interface 1007 comprising a wired terminal connection and/or a receiver/transceiver and antenna; a geolocation/Global Positioning System or “GPS” circuit; locking, adjustment, and unlocking mechanism; control system 160, alarm and/or status indicators. As used herein, the terms “GPS” and “geolocation” may be used interchangeably. The power source 200 is capable of energizing the electric shock component 150 to supply a scalable nonlethal electric shock. Further, the power source 200 is capable of adjusting the mechanism in response to data collected regarding the detainee. Redundant and/or secondary power sources may be implemented as a backup to the primary power source 200 or to power secondary systems such as sensors or locking and unlocking mechanisms. These redundant power sources may provide the same or different output voltage than the power source 200.
Power source 200 may comprise any structure, device or component capable of powering device components such as a capacitor, battery, inductor, transformer, AC source and/or a combination thereof. The power source 200 may be charged by receiving a charging current through external connection points coupled to the restraining device 110 or through a wireless charging interface wherein a transformer inductively couples a charging current to the power source 200. The power source may comprise any suitable battery type such as an alkaline battery, lithium battery, lithium-ion battery, lithium ion polymer battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-iron battery, nickel hydrogen battery, nickel metal hydride battery, nickel-zinc battery, rechargeable alkaline battery, but are preferably lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries. Embodiments utilizing a capacitor may comprise any suitable capacitor such as supercapacitors, ultra capacitors, Mylar, ceramic, mica, glass, plastic, and/or paper but in the preferred embodiment are ceramic.
The control system 160 directs the operation of the restraining device 110. The control system 160 may interface with and control any of the individual components of the restraining system 100, such as the electric shock component 150, power source 200, sensors and communication interface 1007, locking, adjustment, and unlocking mechanism (discussed below), as well as any other systems and devices internal and/or external to the system such one or more external controlling entities 1100 using a remote controller 170. Any process implemented and/or controlled by the control system 160 may be operated manually, such as by a human operator or other control system, and/or configured to operate automatically, such as under the control of a software program.
The control system 160 may control any function and aspect of the system 100 to achieve any desired result. The control system 160 may schedule, direct, and manage communications and resources for the system. In some embodiments, the control system 160 may be implemented as a processor coupled to a memory; various systems and processes may be controlled by one or more software programs stored the memory of the control system operating on one or more processors in the control system. In alternate embodiments, the control system 160 may comprise hard wired digital logic and/or circuitry to implement control of the restraining device 110. The control system 160 can function as a stand-alone controller to cause a shock to be delivered, for instance, when a predetermined condition is measured by the sensors 1005 coupled to the control system 160, or may be directed by another system or device, such as a remote controller 170. The control system 160 may be coupled to the electric shock/adjustment component 150 through any suitable means such as wired, through hole wire leads, wirelessly, and/or by printed circuit board but in the preferred embodiment the control system 160 is coupled to the electric shock/adjustment component 150 and other system components by a printed circuit board. If desired, wire leads may be coupled between the printed circuit board and the detainee interface 155. For example, the control system 160 may control the operation of the discharging and/or recharging of the power source 200 through external charging terminals or inductively coupled charging interface. Alternatively, the control system 160 may control the scaling of the electric output level and/or duration of electric shock. The control system 160 is electrically coupled to and controls the operation of sensors 1005 of the restraining device 110 which may include any appropriate sensors such as clocks, light sensors, voltage sensors, charge status monitors, motion sensors, potentiometers, status indicators, accelerometers, strain or pressure sensors, inclinometers, location sensing devices such as a GPS devices, audio sensors/microphones, cameras, magnetic field sensors; moisture, including perspiration, external moisture, and other liquid sensors; EKG/ECG sensors; biometric sensors; temperature sensors; and combinations thereof. These biometric sensors may be used to modify voltage, tightness of the locking mechanisms, and check on the health of the detained. Also, sensors may be included that measure time, intensity and duration of the discharge of and detainment under the system, number of uses remaining may be provided. Input/Output aspects of the restraining device 110 are also provided for by sensors and I/O 1005, and in various embodiments, may include keys, buttons, keyboards, electrical terminals or connectors, electrical charging ports, data ports such as a USB port, touch screens, displays, speakers, transducers, vibratory agitators, light emitting diodes, strobe lights, infrared light emitting diodes and the like.
As sensors 1005 are coupled 1006 to the detainee interface 155 and/or electric shock component 150, sensors may measure, process and/or store aspects of application of electric shocks and adjustments to the detainee interface 155 to the detainee to whom the restraining device 110 is attached. The control system 160 may cause sensors to measure, store, and/or transmit through the communication interface 1007 or I/O 1005 the measured time, intensity and duration of electric shocks provided to the detainee interface; a number of uses remaining from a charge status of the power source 200; location, such as a GPS coordinate where a shock was administered; a recording of audio or video information from the restraining device 110; or actions taken by the detainee prior to administration of a shock or tightening of the restraining device 110 such as a sudden detected motion or attempt to remove or disable the restraining device 110.
The sensors 1005 may work in concert with the control system 160 and/or controller 170 to produce a desired result. For instance, if the GPS circuit senses a current location of restraining device 110 is not within a preselected area or predetermined distance from a predetermined location, control system 160 may activate the unit to provide a warning, tightening, and/or electric shock automatically. Alternatively, a controller 170 operator may program a predetermined “home” GPS coordinate and the control system 160 will measure if a location of a restraining device 110 affixed to a detainee is not within a preset distance from the home coordinate. If the detainee to whom the restraining device 110 is affixed moves beyond the preset distance a warning, tightening, and/or an electric shock may be delivered to the detainee. The restraining device 110 sensors 1005, such as the GPS sensor, may be continuously activated or activated by the operator of the controller 170 or the control system 160. In an alternate implementation, the GPS may provide measurements allowing the controller 160 of the restraining device 110 to determine that the detainee to whom the restraining device 110 is affixed moves closer than a minimum distance to a predetermined location or a plurality of predetermined locations that may constitute a threshold boundary. If a current distance of the detainee to whom the restraining device 110 is affixed is less than the threshold boundary distance, a warning, tightening, and/or an electric shock may be delivered to the detainee. A historical record or real time status of a restraining device's GPS locations may be tracked and stored in a memory of the control system 160, and may be accessed through a port connected to I/O 1005, or may be transmitted from the communication interface 1007 to an external controlling entity 1100 utilizing a controller 170 (described below).
The sensors may work in concert with the control system 160 and/or controller 170 (described below) to produce a desired result. For instance, if a geolocation sensor in the restraining device 110 (such as a GPS circuit) senses the restraining device 110 location is not within a preselected boundary or distance from a predetermined location, control system 160 may activate the unit to provide a warning and/or electric shock automatically. Alternatively, an external controlling entity 1100 may transmit to the communication interface 1007 of the restraining device 110 a predetermined GPS coordinate and the control system 160 will measure if the detainee and/or the restraining device 110 exceed a preset distance from the fixed GPS coordinate. If the detainee and/or restraining device 110 exceed the preset distance a warning and/or an electric shock shall be delivered to the detainee. The restraining device 110 sensors, such as the GPS sensor, may be continuously activated or activated by the operator of the controller 170 or the control system 160. Or, the GPS may measure that a detainee and/or restraining device 110 moves closer than a minimum distance to a fixed location or a plurality of fixed locations that may constitute a boundary. If the distance of the detainee and/or restraining device 110 is less than the preset distance a warning, tightening, and/or an electric shock shall be delivered to the detainee. A historical record or real time status of a detainee's or multiple restraining device detainees GPS locations may be generated for review on a hand held controller 170 and/or on a computer base station controller 170.
A timer may measure when the restraining device 110 was activated, such as when the devices issued a warning, tightening, loosening, and/or electric shock, or when the device was unlocked or locked. Further, the timer may measure when peaks and valleys in the reading of the biometric sensor occur. A motion sensor may record when a detainee is brought to the ground during restraining device 110 activation. Alternatively, a motion sensor may indicate that a detainee who has left a predefined boundary or distance from a predetermined location is stationary or moving. Additionally or alternatively, the motion sensor may record when a detainee faints, slumps, has a stroke, or otherwise has a medical episode. An audio sensor such as a microphone, speaker, and provided software, may permit two-way communication between a detainee of restraining device 110 and a controller 170 operator. Additionally, a speaker may provide a siren indicating that a detainee has left a predetermined boundary or distance from a predetermined location assisting in detainee retrieval and notification to others. The speaker may also provide a siren indicating that a detainee's vitals or other relevant medical indicators are outside a defined boundary. In an alternative embodiment a light source may provide a visual indicator, such as a strobe, that a detainee has left a predetermined boundary or distance from a predetermined location assisting in detainee retrieval and notification to others, or a detainee may be in need of medical care. A magnetic field sensor may enable the use of specialized keys for unlocking the mechanism. A status indicator may provide an indication that the restraining device 110 is in a closed position and/or armed, with remaining battery life and electric shock pulses available.
Additionally, an audio sensor and video sensor may be activated on the unit to permit communications with the detainee and an external entity 1100 using a controller 170. In some embodiments, a speaker may be included in the restraining device 110 to present the detainee with an audible warning that an electric shock will be initiated based on predetermined conditions continuing and/or occurring. The audible warning may comprise a tone, sound, or spoken instructions. Alternatively, an agitation module may be located on restraining device 110 to vibrate the restraining device 110 and present the detainee with a vibration warning that an electric shock is imminent and/or will be initiated based on predetermined condition continuing and/or occurring. In some embodiments, a light source may be included on the restraining device 110 to present the detainee with a visual warning, such as a flashing light, that an electric shock is imminent and/or will be initiated based on predetermined conditions continuing and/or occurring. The predetermined conditions may include the detainee moving closer to a predetermined boundary or location, the detainee continuing or initiating unacceptable behavior, at least a portion of the detainee's body being placed in a threatening position, activation of a strain or pressure sensor in the restraining device 110 indicating the detainee is pulling against the attached restraining device 110; and/or the operator of the controller desiring to deliver an electric shock to the detainee. The audio sensor and video sensor may also be used for medical oversight of the detainee, providing instruction in the same method as the warnings.
External controlling entities 1100 comprise one or more persons, automated systems, or facilities capable of controlling the restraining device 110 through use of remote controller 170. The controlling entities 1100 may include law enforcement officers, prison guards, detention officers, or other personnel operating one or more mobile controllers 170, or a may also comprise remote monitoring system that may send an activation signal to the communication interface 1007 of the restraining device. The transmission of information between the controlling entities 1100 and the restraining device 110 may be one way, or may provide two-way communications wherein status information, audio and/or video data, and other data may be relayed from the restraining device to the external controlling entities. In an embodiment, each restraining device 110 in the system 110 possesses a unique identifier to allow tracking, monitoring, and control of individual restraining devices among a plurality of such devices.
In various embodiments, the restraining device 110, as seen in
Restraining device 110 may be made from any suitable material and/or materials such as various metals, carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, titanium, or aluminum, various metal alloys, carbon fiber, graphite, and/or synthetic polymers. In some embodiments, as seen in
In some embodiments, insulation is attached to or molded on the outer surface of restraining device 110. The insulation may provide weather proofing, protection from the transfer of electrical shock and/or aid in comfort for the detainee. Additionally, in other embodiments, fur, feathers, leather, faux materials, sequins and/or other eye pleasing coatings or coverings may be added to the exterior of restraining device 110. Restraining device 110 may be transported when not in use in any suitable manner such as clipped to clothing, stored in a utility belt, disposed in a holster and/or carried by a strap, but in the preferred embodiment restraining device 110 is transported when not in use in a holster.
Similarly to embodiments shown in
In one embodiment restraining device 110 comprises a restraining member 120 that works in concert with a receiving member 130 that attaches to at least a portion of a detainee. The portion of the detainee may comprise any body part such as one or more of a wrist, arm, head, leg, finger, ankle, neck, toe, genitals, torso and/or waist. In the preferred embodiment, the restraining device 110 is coupled to one or more of the detainee's wrists, and in another preferred embodiment, two restraining devices 110 that are coupled together through a flexible tether are attached to a detainee's wrists.
In one embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, the receiving member 130 includes protruding electrodes (further described below) configured to receive a restraining member 120 and secure a portion of the detainee's body. Receiving member 130 comprises a housing portion 152 for housing a power supply, electric shock component and sensors, and a coupling arm 183 for coupling to the restraining member 120. The coupling arm to the restraining member may be any shape but, as shown in
The restraining member 120 and receiving member 130 comprise at least a first open position where a detainee may insert a portion of a body part such as a wrist, between the restraining member 120 and a receiving member 130 when in their open position. In one embodiment the restraining member 120 and receiving member 130 are designed to at least partially circumferentially surround the provided portion of the detainee's body when in a closed position. The restraining member 120 is then moved from a first open position into a closed position where the clasping end 172 of the restraining member 120 is coupled to the receiving member 130 whereby the detainee cannot remove an inserted body portion until restraining device 110 is returned to a first open position.
The positioning of the closed position of restraining device 110 may be scalable to accommodate a variety of sizes of body parts. For instance, an obese adult male detainee's wrist may be significantly larger than the wrist of a slender female detainee, so the locked position of the restraining device 110 accommodates a variety of part sizes when in the closed and locked position. Also, the size of restraining device 110 is scalable and may be designed to enclose any desired body part. The size of restraining device 110 and the opening created by the receiving member 120 designed for use on a detainee's thumb may be different from the size of restraining device 110 designed for a detainee's wrist.
The restraining device 110 may be made out of any suitable material such as fabric, metal, synthetics, plastic and/or combinations thereof. However, in the preferred embodiment the frame of restraining device 110 is made out of stainless steel. The width of the restraining member 120 is any suitable width and may vary with material. For instance, a metal restraining member 120 may be between about 0.25 and about 3 centimeters in width. Also, the thickness of the restraining member 120 may be any suitable dimension and may vary with material. For instance, a metal restraining member 120 may be about 1 centimeter thick.
An alternate embodiment of restraining device 310 is depicted in
As seen in
The central housing portion 452 also provides for a switch mechanism 605 that may be actuated in an on/off manner by tool 135 to respectively energize or de-energize the electric shock component disposed within the housing portion 452. In some embodiments, the same tool 135 that actuates the switch mechanism 605 also operates locking mechanisms 137 to allow selective opening and closing of restraining members 420, thereby allowing attachment to or release from portions of a detainee's body (or alternatively, between a portion of the detainee's body and an anchor point such as a wall hook, a seat, or a piece of furniture). In one embodiment, when the electric shock component is energized in a ready-for-use state and a power source such as a battery 200 within the housing portion 452 is supplying power, an output device 603 such as a light emitting diode may illuminate, therefore informing a detention officer that the electric shock component is armed and ready for actuation. Any color or lighting configuration may be utilized, and in one embodiment, output device 603 is a green light emitting diode.
Also shown on the housing portion 452 is a charging jack port 201, which may be any size or configuration desired to supply charging current to a power source 200 disposed within or otherwise coupled to the housing portion 452. In implementations where a charging jack is used, charging current may be provided by a conventional charging device 461 and coupled to the power source 200 through a jack 401 inserted into the charging jack port 201. In alternate embodiments, the power source 200 may be charged by an inductive interface, which provides for receiving charging current through an inductive coil without the need for a physical contact with charging wires or electrodes. In such an inductive charging configuration, charging jack port 201 may be omitted from the housing portion 452.
A portable remote-type controller 170 is also shown, and is described in more detail below. In one embodiment, when a button coupled to a switch 710 within the controller 170 is depressed, the controller transmits an actuation signal to an antenna coupled to the restraining device 410, whereupon an electric shock may be delivered to a detainee to whom the restraining device 410 is attached. When a shock is being administered or is about to be administered, warning light 611 may illuminate to show operation or impending operation, and in one embodiment, warning light 611 is an output device such as a red light emitting diode. Also, in various embodiments, an audio output device 613 may be utilized to generate a warning tone or an actuation confirmation tone to respectively warn the detainee that a shock is imminent or to advise the detention officer administering the shock that a shock is being generated and delivered to the detainee. Alternative modes of operation of the controller 170 and restraining system are discussed in more detail below.
The central housing portion 452 also provides for a switch mechanism that may be actuated in an on/off manner by a tool such as a key to respectively energize or de-energize the electric shock component disposed within the housing portion 452. In some embodiments, the same tool 135 that actuates the switch mechanism also operates locking mechanisms 137 to allow selective opening and closing of restraining members 420, thereby allowing attachment to or release from portions of a detainee's body (or alternatively, between a portion of the detainee's body and an anchor point such as a wall hook, a seat, or a piece of furniture). In one embodiment, when the electric shock component is energized in a ready-for-use state and a power source such as a battery within the housing portion 452 is supplying power, an output device 603 such as a light emitting diode may illuminate, therefore informing a detention officer that the electric shock component is armed and ready for actuation. Any color or lighting configuration may be utilized, and in one embodiment, output device 603 is a green light emitting diode. Also shown in FIGS. is an antenna 607 which in various embodiments is enclosed within the central receiving members 430, 430A to protect it from damage.
Another embodiment of the restraining device of the present invention is shown in
In some embodiments, the restraining member 120 may not be disengaged from the receiving member 130 while in the closed position until a tool 135 is engaged in and actuates a locking mechanism 137 and/or a code is entered through an input-output interface in the restraining device. Any suitable tool 135 or combination of tools and/or code may be used to disengage the receiving member 130 and the restraining member 120 such as a cut key; a double sided key; a four sided key; a cylinder key; an electronic signal; a magnetic signal; a punch code; a transponder key; an RFID key; a biometric measurement; a finger print, and voice recognition activated software. In the preferred embodiment a physically coded key may be utilized to disengage the restraining member 120 from the receiving member 130. For security, in some embodiments, only one tool 135 (plus any required backup tools) may operate a matched restraining device 110. In other embodiments, a back-up physical tool and/or an electronic signal may allow movement of the restraining member 120 from a closed position to an open position. For instance, in one embodiment a controller 170 must first be set to a “safe to unlock” designation and communicate this designation with restraining device 110 prior to a tool 135 successfully moving the restraining member 120 from a closed position to a first open position.
In some embodiments status indicators on restraining device 110 indicates device availability, closed/locked position and/or battery charge remaining In preferred embodiments the status indicators include one or more of colored light emitting diodes where different colors or patterns correspond to different status states.
The shock generator component 150 is coupled to restraining device 110. This may be accomplished through any suitable coupling such as welding, epoxy, mechanical fasteners, snap fit, and pressure fitting, however, the shock generator component 150 is preferably enclosed within a sealable secure housing 152 of the restraining device 110. In one embodiment this sealable secure housing 152 portion is accessible through the use of a specialized tool that acts upon a tamper-resistant fastener such as a tone fastener with internal pin, a hex key faster with internal pin, snake-eye spanner fasteners, and the like. Through the use of such a specialized tool-fastener closure in the housing 152, the detainee to whom the restraining device 110 is attached cannot easily access and deactivate the electric shock component 150 or power source 200. An included gasket may assist in making the secure portion water tight and weather proof. In yet another embodiment, components of the restraining device 110 such as the electric shock generator, sensors and I/O 1004, control system 160, and power source 200 may be entirely or partially permanently sealed within a non-accessible portion of the housing 152. By permanently sealing such components in the housing (such as by epoxy or other potting compound), the restraining device may be configured to be resistant to environmental concerns while resisting attempts at disablement by the detainee to whom the restraining device is attached.
In one embodiment, electric shock component 150 is capable of delivering a scalable nonlethal electric shock to a detainee. The level of shock may be internally preset and fixed or it may be a selectable value by a detention officer or an external controlling entity 1100 utilizing a controller 170 configured to adjust deliverable shock. The electric shock component 150 delivers shock through a detainee interface 155 such as one or more electrodes. In some embodiments, the detainee interface or electrode 155 may be retracted until needed for delivery of electric shock or may be in constant contact with a portion of the detainee. In various embodiments electrodes may be barbed, sharp, blunt, smooth or have any other suitable surface characteristic for delivering an electric shock. Electrodes may comprise a point of shock delivery or may comprise a band of shock delivery that travels along at least a portion of the inside surface of the restraining device. This band may have alternating electrode portions which constitute a spark gap for receiving a conductor, such as a portion of a detainee's body.
Alternatively, nonconductive material may be disposed between portions of the electrode band to comprise a suitable spark gap. In another embodiment the electric shock component 150 includes electrode nodes spaced approximately equally around the interior surface of the restraining member 120 and/or receiving member 130 making contact with a detainee's skin. In the preferred embodiment the electrode is at least one (preferably two) fixed smooth raised surfaces located on the interior surface of the restraining member 130. The electrode 155 may be made of any suitable conductive material such as metal and in the preferred embodiment comprises copper.
Through they may be separated by any suitable distance, in the preferred embodiment the plurality of smooth raised surfaces of the electrodes are about 2 inches apart on an inside surface of either the restraining member 120 and/or the receiving member 130. In this configuration, electrodes 155 are in constant contact with a provided portion of detainee while restraining device 110 is in a closed position. An insulator coats at least the surface of the restraining member 130 of at least the air gap proximity of the fixed smooth raised surface of the electrode 155. The smooth raised surface of the electrode is not covered by an insulator. This insulator 230 prevents the electrical shock from being directed into conductive portions of restraining device 110 rather than the detainee. The insulator 230 may be made out of any suitable insulating material such as latex, vinyl, or nitrile rubber, glass, graphite, PTFE, and the like, but preferably comprises a rubber coating and/or layer.
The level of shock delivered by the electrodes to the detainee may be any suitable voltage level such as between 20,000 and 150,000 volts. In the preferred embodiment an electric shock of about 100,000 volts is delivered to a portion of a detainee's body. The level of shock may be any suitable ampere level such as between 0.5 and 6 milliamps. In the preferred embodiment an electric shock at about 3 milliamps is delivered to a portion of a detainee's body. In various embodiments, the duration of the shock is selectable. Though the shock may last for any desired period, in an embodiment the shock is delivered between about 1 and 4 seconds and in another embodiment, between 0.5 and 10 seconds. The delivery of the electric shock may be a pulsed frequency or constant.
Coupled to the first transformer 620 is a rectifier/voltage multiplier circuit 630 that rectifies the current output from the first transformer 620 and may further store energy by components such as capacitors. When activated, a pulse circuit, or spark gap switches the DC power from the rectifier/voltage regulator 630 on and off and supplies the pulsed current to the primary of a second transformer 650. The second transformer 650 again acts to step up voltage while correspondingly reducing current. This pulsed high voltage/low current output from the second transformer 650 is coupled to the electrodes/detainee interface 155 for delivering an electrical shock to a detainee. In some embodiments, one or both of the transformers 620, 650 are insulated, such as with vacuum potted epoxy resin to prevent internal shorting. The pulse circuit 640 may comprise a spark gap, triac, diac, SCR, or other component to pulse the input current to transformer 650 to clip the output voltage to a predetermined level. A plurality of capacitors and/or batteries may be implemented in series or parallel to provide additional energy storage capacity or discharge. If desired, the power source 200 may be rechargeable and/or replaceable. As mentioned previously, recharging may be provided through an inductive coupling or through a wired contact to an additional power entity.
The electric shock component 150 may be activated by any desired actuator such as an integrated control system 160, discussed below. In various embodiments, actuation may occur by remote control, computer program, button, trigger, voice activated command, wired control, and/or a combination thereof. In the preferred embodiment the electric shock component 150 is controlled by a remote control 170, discussed below.
Another embodiment of the electric shock component 150 of the present invention is illustrated in
Once powered, the receiver/transceiver 608 and the logic/microcontroller 609 to which it is coupled monitor wireless signals received by antenna 607, and if an activation signal is received that meets a predetermined frequency, amplitude, encoding or other condition, the logic 609 initiates generation of a shock through the HV DC/DC component 615. The restraining device may have outputs 614 such as a light element or light emitting diode 611 or speaker/transducer 613 to alert and/or confirm that a shock is being administered. Alternatively, the output may be configured to deliver a warning so that a detainee to whom the restraining device is attached may be given an opportunity to cease an undesired behavior and thereby have administration of a shock cancelled by the detention officer.
Output from the high voltage DC/DC converter 615 is coupled through a resistor/capacitor network (617, 619) to a spark gap 621. Resistor 617 and high voltage capacitor 619 may comprise any suitable values, and in one embodiment may be implemented with approximate respective values of 1.5 MΩ and 2.5 μF. A high voltage filter capacitor 623 is coupled to the output of the spark gap 621, which is in turn coupled to the detainee interface 130 which may comprise electrodes that are in approximation with a portion of detainee's body.
The electric shock component 150 may be activated by any desired actuator such as an integrated control system 160, discussed below. In various embodiments, actuation may occur by remote control, computer program, button, trigger, voice activated command, wired control, and/or a combination thereof. In the preferred embodiment the electric shock component 150 is controlled by a remote control 170, discussed below.
Another embodiment of the electric shock component 150 of the present invention is illustrated in
Once powered, the receiver/transceiver 608 and the logic/microcontroller 609 to which it is coupled monitor wireless signals received by antenna 607, and if an activation signal is received that meets a predetermined frequency, amplitude, encoding or other condition, the logic 609 initiates generation of a shock through the high voltage pulse circuit 615. For example, the encoding or other condition may comprise a unique unit ID number, and if the microcontroller 609 determines that the received unique unit ID number matches an ID number of the restraining device previously stored within a memory coupled to the processor (not shown), then the microcontroller 609 proceeds with generation of a signal to cause the high voltage pulse circuit 615 to generate one or more shock pulses. Through analysis of the unit ID number received through the receiver 608, the restraining device may be operated selectively in an environment where multiple detainees are fitted with restraining devices of the present invention, allowing, for example, a detention officer to transmit an activation signal that will cause a shock to be delivered to one of a group of detainees. Alternatively, multiple IDs may be encoded in the controller's output signal, allowing a plurality of devices to be activated.
In an implementation, in addition to the receiver 608 receiving a unit ID number, a voltage level command may be received and provided to the microcontroller 609. Such voltage level command allows, for example, a detention officer to select an desired shock intensity and/or duration depending on the amount of deterrence needed for any particular situation. For example, the detention officer may press a default shock level button on a controller that instructs the microcontroller 609 to output a first shock intensity; or the detention officer may otherwise operate a controller to transmit a voltage level command that when interpreted by the microcontroller, results in a second intensity and/or duration shock being applied to the detainee through the electrodes 130. The restraining device may have outputs (not shown) such as a light element or light emitting diode or speaker/transducer to alert and/or confirm that a shock is being administered or the tightness of the restraint is being modified. Alternatively, the output may be configured to deliver a warning so that a detainee to whom the restraining device is attached may be given an opportunity to cease an undesired behavior and thereby have administration of a shock or tightening cancelled by the detention officer. Also included in certain embodiments is an on/off and low battery indicator 629, which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) that may optionally be modulated with different colors to indicate different battery level or shock conditions. Output from the high voltage pulse circuit 615 is coupled through a output current limiting resistors (622) the detainee interface 130, which may comprise electrodes that are in approximation with a portion of detainee's body.
The electric shock component 150 may be activated by any desired actuator such as an integrated control system. In various embodiments, actuation may occur by remote control, computer program, button, trigger, voice activated command, wired control, and/or a combination thereof. In the preferred embodiment the electric shock component 150 is controlled by a remote control 170, discussed below.
In one embodiment, a controller 170 is coupled to the control system 160 and controls the activation and deactivation of the system. This coupling may be by any suitable manner such as by wired or wireless connection. In the preferred embodiment this coupling is wireless. In some embodiments the wireless coupling is achieved over any suitable network, which may include one or more of Skytel, USAM, Wyless, Sprint, Private LAN, T-Mobile, AT&T, Private VPN, Private area network (PAN), and/or Private WAN but in the preferred embodiment the coupling is by private LAN. The communication of the controller 170 and the control system 160 and/or additional computers may be achieved with any suitable protocol such as XML, SOAP over HTTP, UDDI, SMTP, binary encoding over TCP, ReFlex, WSDL, GPRS, EDGE, Mobitex, CDMA, EVDO, VSAT, wired LAN, Wired WAN, and/or message queues via Microsoft Windows MSMQ. The preferred communication protocol is simple object access protocol, or SOAP.
As shown in
In alternate embodiments, circuit 715 comprises a transceiver that may receive an enabling signal through antenna 720 (or another antenna, not shown), instructing the transceiver in the controller 170 to transmit an activation signal thereby causing a restraining device 110 to deliver a shock to the detainee to whom it is affixed. In this manner, the controller 170 may be placed in a quiescent, non-transmitting state, awaiting an enabling signal received from an external source, such as through the antenna 720 or wired connection. Upon receiving such an enabling signal, the controller 170 begins transmitting an activation signal. When the activation signal is received by a restraining device 110 attached to a detainee that is in range of the signal being transmitted by the controller 170, the restraining device 110 delivers a shock to the detainee (or warning or change in level of tightness as described in alternate embodiments herein). Such a mode is useful to control access to a detention facility, wherein the enabling signal is terminated to allow controlled ingress/egress of detainees to the detention facility where limited power controllers are placed near entrances and exits. Once the desired detainee transfer has taken place, transmission of the enabling signal is reinstated thus providing for detainees wearing restraining devices 110 to be shocked or tightened if they approach an entrance or exit. In addition to detainee transfer, an enabling signal may be transmitted to controllers placed in other areas of a detention facility, to assist in implementing a “lock down” scenario, wherein detainees are confined to predetermined areas of the detention facility, such as their cells. In such a situation, unauthorized exit from cells without authorization will result in detainees receiving a shock by their attached restraining devices; and once the lock down condition has been terminated, transmission of the enabling signal may be terminated as well, allowing detainees again to access desired areas of the detention facility. It is also appreciated by those of skill in the relevant arts that multiple encodings or frequencies for controllers 170 may be utilized to selectively enable one or more controllers within range of the enabling signal. Such embodiment is useful, for instance, in preventing access to one part of a detention facility while allowing access to another part of a detention facility, for example, the enabling signal may be coded to activate controllers near the entrances/exits of the facility, but the enabling signal coding does not enable controllers in an exercise yard, allowing detainees selected access.
As illustrated in
As shown in
As shown in the block diagram
This controller 170 may report and/or record status information such as remaining uses available on current power source 200 charge, time of use, duration of use, power source 200 availability, open or closed position of restraining device 110, physical location such as GPS coordinates, motion sensor readout, video signal playback, and audio sensor playback. The controller 170 may provide for stepped response activation. For instance, pressing an actuator to a first position may transit an activation signal to the restraining device 110 to initiate a warning such as vibration or audible warning on restraining device 110. Pressing the actuator to a second position (or alternatively, for a second time within a predetermined time period or a predefined plurality of presses) may cause the controller 170 to transmit an activation signal indicating that the restraining device 110 should initiate delivery of an electric shock of a predetermined first intensity and first predetermined duration. Pressing the actuator to a third position may cause the controller 170 to transmit an activation signal indicating that the restraining device 110 should initiate delivery of an additional electric shock of a second predetermined intensity and duration. In an alternate embodiment, pressing an actuator to a first position may enable recording of audio and/or video for a predetermined duration on and around restraining device 110, and the audio and/or video so recorded is stored in the memory 735 for later retrieval through the user interface or at least one I/O port 735. Among other advantages, automatic recording may assist correctional or law enforcement officers with a record of audible warnings issued prior to delivery of an electric shock. In another implementation, a usage log is stored in the memory 735, which comprises information regarding actuation of the restraining device 110 such as time and date of actuation, location of actuation, a unique identifier of the controller 170 and a unique identifier of the restraining device 110, identity of the detention official using the controller 170, confirmation of application of shock from restraining device 110, and the like.
The controller 170 of
In some embodiments, the controller 170 may include an optional security system. This system may restrict unauthorized detainees from accessing, actuating, or disabling controller 170. For example, an authorized user may be required to enter a password in the user interface 725 to access functions within the device, and access will only be provided if the entered password matches a password previously stored within the controller. In another implementation, measurement of a biometric parameter such as an authorized user's voice or an authorized user's fingerprint is compared to an exemplar biometric measurement previously stored within the controller's memory 735, and access to the functions of the controller 170 is only provided if the measured biometric parameter matches the previously stored biometric parameter within a predetermined error range. Further, the security system 750 may comprise an authentication port for a mechanical tool such as a key, and will only allow the controller 170 to operate if a proper key is engaged in the authentication port. In an alternate embodiment, the security system 750 broadcasts a signal such as an RFID interrogation signal, and will only allow activation if a proper RFID interrogation response is received-in this way, detention officials wearing the proper RFID tag (such as integrated within a badge) would automatically be authorized to use the controller 170, but persons not having a proper RFID tag would be unable to use the device. Additionally, in some embodiments a safety is included so that the controller 170 is not inadvertently activated. This safety may be any suitable safety such as a toggle switch or button, a lever that must be moved from a first position to a second position, a slide at least partially covering the switch 710 and/or a warning command requesting a confirmation instruction. In another embodiment, an actuation signal will not be transmitted by the controller 170 unless a rapid succession of presses of the switch 710 occurs (such as three button presses within 1 second), preventing unintended actuation of the restraining device 110 by incidental contact with the actuator 710 of the controller 170. Alternatively, in one embodiment the electric shock component may not be activated until the restraining member 120 is in a second closed (locked) position, as detected by a switch within the sensors of the restraining device 110 coupled to the control system 160.
A single restraining device 110 may be utilized in the system 100 or a plurality of restraining devices 110 may be attached to a detainee. For instance, a detainee may be fitted with restraining devices 110 around both wrists and/or both ankles The restraining device 110 may be tethered to a fixed location physically or electronically. For instance, for electronic tethering, the control system 160 may be programmed so that a detainee may not travel further than a predetermined distance from a programmed location without activating the restraining device 110. Alternatively, restraining device 110 may be coupled to other restraints on the detainee or on other individuals or a fixed point, such as a coupler permanently fixed to floor, a seat on a vehicle, or an item of furniture such as a table. Though a pair of restraining devices 110 is proffered for restraint purposes, each restraining device 110 of a pair of restraining devices 110 may include a power source 200, and associated control system 160 for providing individual electric shock delivery. By having such independent control, redundancy is achieved and shocks may still be administered to a detainee should the detainee remove a body part from one restraining device 110 of a plurality of restraining devices 110 or open one restraining device 110 of a plurality of restraining devices from a closed position to an open position without authorization. In one embodiment the controller 170 has a default setting should one restraining device 110 of a plurality of restraining devices 110 not be available to provide an electric shock, a second restraining device of the plurality of restraining devices 110 will instead be activated to provide an electric shock response. Such alternative operation helps ensure that prompt activation of the unit and delivery of the electric shock is achieved.
A detainee may be placed in, or may place a portion of one or more body parts into restraining device 110. For instance, a prisoner may be a detainee and a prison guard may be an external controlling entity 1100 operating a controller 170, and the prison guard may wish to affix to the prisoner a pair of restraining devices 110 shown in
Returning to
In various embodiments, safety mechanisms may be included in the control system 160 of the restraining device 110 and/or controller 170 to prevent a detainee from receiving greater than a predetermined nonlethal amount of electric shock in a predetermined period of time. In another embodiment, the detainee interface 155 receives electrical impulses from the detainee's heart, and returns them via EKG/EGG sensors to the sensor components 1107 for analysis by the control system 160. If the detainee's measured EKG is not measured to be in a safe range for administration of a shock (for instance, if fibrillation or arrhythmia is detected), the shock from the electric shock component 150 will be suppressed. In an alternate embodiment, if the measured EKG signal from the detainee interface 155 indicates a health issue, the control system 160 may send a message to an external entity 1100 through the communication interface 1007, indicating that the particular detainee is experiencing a health issue. In this manner, an external entity may avoid or suppress sending an activation signal to the restraining device, and/or summon medical care for the detainee.
In another embodiment illustrated in
When the default shock button is depressed, an actuation signal 718 is transmitted to the restraining device, causing the restraining device to administer a shock of a first intensity level and/or duration to the detainee, and if the secondary shock delivery button is depressed, an actuation signal is transmitted to the restraining device causing a shock of a second intensity level to be administered to the detainee. In one embodiment, the second shock intensity level causes more physiological distress to the detainee to whom the restraining device is attached than the first shock intensity level. In another embodiment, switches 711, 713 may be replaced by a rotary switch with a plurality of positions, each of which corresponds to a different level of shock to be administered to the detainee. For example, the rotary switch may comprise six positions, and a first position may cause an activation of the restraining device to administer a low level of shock, and each respective position of the rotary switch causes an shock of an increasing intensity and/or duration to be administered to the detainee, with position six corresponding to the highest permitted shock intensity and/or duration that may be administered to the detainee to whom the restraining device is attached.
The intensity and/or shock duration may be predetermined to provide any desired amount of physiological distress to a detainee to whom the restraining device is attached. In one embodiment, activating the restraining device (for example, by providing a single momentary button press of the default shock delivery button) causes the restraining device to administer a pulse train of eight current pulses of current at a 60 Hz rate with a single momentary button press. The eight pulse administration may be automatically repeated within a predetermined shock administration period, such as two pulse trains per second during a shock administration period while a shock administration button is being continuously depressed. A momentary actuation of a shock delivery button may cause a predetermined number of pulse trains to be generated, after which application of the shocks terminates unless the restraining device is again activated. As mentioned previously, the restraining device may include safety circuitry to limit or suppress administration of shocks below a predetermined threshold, such as limiting shocks to a maximum intensity and/or frequency within a predetermined shock window, and an optional predetermined reset/rest period (such as 10 seconds) that follows administration of a shock sequence before another shock may be administered to the detainee.
Any amount of current and/or voltage may be administered by the restraining device, to achieve restraint of the detainee. For example, given a 1.2 kΩ load (corresponding to an exemplary contact skin resistance of a detainee), up to 30 mA of current may be administered, and depending on the desired intensity selected by a person operating the controller, up to 32 volts potential may be applied to the electrodes of the restraining device delivering 27 mA of current to the detainee.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Having thus described some embodiments of the invention, other variations and embodiments that do not depart from the spirit of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is thus not limited to any particular embodiment, but is instead set forth in the appended claims and the legal equivalents thereof. Unless expressly stated in the written description or claims, the steps of any method recited in the claims may be performed in any order capable of yielding the desired result.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/080,696 filed on Sep. 19, 2021 which is incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63080696 | Sep 2020 | US |
