Patent Application
20070051054
Large-scale greenhouse farming operations are becoming more popular as the demand for fresh fruits, vegetables, plants and plant products increases. It is not uncommon to find greenhouse farms covering 10-20 acres which include fixed, permanent structures and which cost upwards of $60,000-80,000 per acre to construct. These greenhouses are considered by farmers to be worth the investment for three reasons: first, earlier crops (the first of extremely perishable crops command premium prices), second, the decrease in weather related crop damage (e.g. rain, hail, fog, excess heat or sunlight) and third, the ability to extend the growing season (avoidance of freezing temperatures).
The third reason is most important in the northern latitudes and particularly in Canada, Northern Europe and the eastern coast of the United States. Using greenhouses in these regions requires permanent coverage for protection. However, for the first and second reasons mentioned earlier, removable greenhouse coverings would be adequate and thus would have a place in agriculture in the more southern latitudes of the United States, Mexico, Southern Europe and many parts of Asia.
The cost of removable cover greenhouses is approximately 10-20% of the cost of permanent structures if, during heavy winds, the covers can be removed. This decreased construction investment allows a vast number of farmers to utilize removable covers for reasons one and two above. For example, there are approximately 60,000 acres of early market strawberries grown in California. If farmers can bring their crops to market two weeks early, their per box return would be approximately double that of the later arriving fruit. The same applies to blueberries, blackberries, raspberries and cherries.
During the ripening period, just prior to and during picking, rain can completely destroy the ready to pick strawberries, blackberries and raspberries. This can be a devastating loss and, when it occurs, the price of the nondamaged commodity increases greatly. After about one week, undamaged fruit comes to maturity and harvest resumes. However, with respect to cherries, the entire crop can be lost.
It is the purpose of this invention to introduce a new concept in greenhouse agriculture where vast acreage can be covered and uncovered in a few minutes. Uncovering is beneficial when increased photosynthesis or spraying is desired. When winds become excessive to the point of potential damage to the covering, when not needed in the dormant season and when temperatures under the covers exceed critical levels and during fruit pollination and harvesting, the covers can be removed. Covering is desirable when heat accumulation is needed to break dormancy in deciduous fruits, whenever additional heat units are needed to hasten the ripening or growing process and to prevent damaging rains, hail and frost.
In the broadest aspect, this invention is intended to expand the use of greenhouse horticulture by providing a considerably less expensive structure since the covering can be easily and inexpensively removed and replaced as desired. More specifically, the removable greenhouse covering is divided into three portions, i.e., a top and two sides. The three parts slide back and forth together or separately, as desired, permitting exposure to unobstructed sunlight and wind, partial exposure or complete covering. When completely closed, inside temperatures will rise quickly compared to ambient temperature and the degree of increase can be somewhat controlled by the incremental opening of the roof or side coverings.
The ability to adjustably cover and uncover the greenhouse structure quickly, even several times per day, is provided by a series of high tensile wires supporting the three sections of covering (top and two sides) and providing guidance during the sliding operations. Cables, running twice the entire length of the greenhouse structure, which can be up to 1200 feet long, in increments of 36-48 feet, are attached at one end of the structure with a pulley at the opposite end and mechanically wound
or unwound simultaneously by reels placed at one end of the greenhouse. The travel distance of approximately 36-48 feet can be accomplished in ten to thirty minutes depending on the energy requirements of the motors powering the reels. Covering of the plants is accomplished by the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of a central shaft to which the reels are attached. One reel winds up the cable while the other reel simultaneously releases the cable.
Exposing the plants is accomplished by pushing the coverings toward the near support system by a yolk connected to the guide wires, the cables and the movable end of the coverings. The coverings collect at the immovable end much like an open shower curtain. In the open position, the three covers resemble a compressed accordion. On covering the greenhouse, the cable directions are reversed and the covers are pulled via the yolks, which are connected to the movable ends of the covers and to the cables.
The top cover of the greenhouse extends down the sides about two feet forming two short skirts. The two side covers hang to the ground at their inferior edge and are contained inside the short roof skirts so that rain is deflected to the outside and more heat can be trapped inside. The side covers are held firmly in place by grommets attached to superior and inferior wires of the rigid skeleton. To help stabilize the side covers from lateral wind force movement, a third wire at a vertical distance between the inferior and superior wires is disposed on the outside of each side cover. The roof cover is held in place by grommets attached to the skirt edges and to the guide wires. Additional wires support the roof cover so that water can runoff.
Temperature and wind monitors determine the degree of compression or extension of the covers. At one end of the greenhouse an electric motor provides the energy to compress or extend the covers. If desired, the side covers are partially opened to an amount sufficient to prevent the greenhouse temperature from exceeding a desired level.
Approximately every forty to fifty feet a support structure is required to stabilize the wires and provide a fixed end for the roof and side covers. This structure supports a superior fixed endoskeleton and inferior removable exoskeleton arms. The inferior exoskeleton arms are removable from the central vertical support structure and support the inferior wires of the side covers and the stabilizing wires. At harvest, the stabilizing wires and supporting exoskeleton must be removed to permit the pickers to reach into the trees or vines for harvesting the fruit.
The greenhouse covers single or multiple rows of crops depending on the width of the roof. A maximum height of about 15 feet is acceptable. At these heights, the sides, as independent parts of the greenhouse cover, are essential because of the great lateral forces placed on the sides by the wind. However, with a structure less than six feet tall, the sides can be combined with the roof in a single unit. This greatly reduces the cost since a number of grommets, cables and wires would be eliminated.
In the drawings,
In the drawings and with particular reference to
As best viewed in
The operating mechanism for the greenhouse includes dual upper reels 10 and 11 with the ends of continuous cable 12 attached, respectively, to reels 10 and 11 (
The side edges of roof cover 9, in the single tunnel model, are secured by means of eyelets 17 which are slidably affixed to wire 18 at one side edge of roof cover 9 and on the opposite side to wire 19 by means of eyelets 20. Wires 18 and 19 are secured to the respective ends of upper horizontal arms 2 (
In similar fashion, the opening and closing mechanism for side covers 7 and 8 includes middle dual reels 21 and 22. Cable 23 at each end is attached, respectively, to reels 21 and 22 such that each end is wound and unwound in opposite directions. Cable 23 extends from reels 21 and 22 around guiding reels 24, 25, 26 and 27 (
The lower opening and closing mechanism for side covers 7 and 8 is similar to the middle opening and closing mechanism and includes lower dual reels 28 and 29. The ends of cable 30 are attached, respectively, to reels 28 and 29 such that as reels 28 and 29 rotate, cable 30 is wound up on one reel and unwound from the other reel. Cable 30 extends around guiding pulleys 31, 32 and 33 and a fourth guiding reel which is not shown in the drawings (
Lower horizontal arms 3 can be eliminated if they interfere with horticultural operations. Two additional short side posts can be placed in the ground similar to the single central post shown in
A vertical yoke 34 is affixed to one end edge of each individual side panel of side covers 7 and 8 and cable 23 is affixed to the upper end of vertical yoke 34 by means of clamp 35 and then extends around the greenhouse through eyelets 36 attached to the upper edge of each side cover 7 and 8. In similar fashion, cable 30 extends around the greenhouse and is attached to the lower end of vertical yoke 34 by means of clamp 37 and extends through eyelets 38. Supplemental external support wires 5a are attached to vertical posts 5 by means of extensions 5b. Supplemental internal support wires (not shown) could be utilized.
To complete the operating mechanism for the greenhouse, upper guiding pulleys 24-27 are rotatably mounted on the upper ends of shafts 39 and lower guiding pulleys are rotatably mounted on the lower ends of shafts 39. Finally, reels 10, 11, 21, 22, 28 and 29 are affixed to shaft 40 which is rotated in both directions depending on opening or closing desirability of the covers, by means of motor 41.
In order to better visualize the opening and closing of the side panels, an examination of
The upper portion of rotating shaft 40 is engaged or disengaged, as desired, depending on the desired position of the roof cover independent of the side covers (
A modified version of the invention is shown in
In accordance with this modification, and as shown in
As best shown in
Heavy wire 114 extends through the large center apertures of attachments 108 and 109. To constrict or expand roof covers 106 and 107 evenly additional cables 115a and 115b may be required. Attachment 108 includes locking mechanism 116 which secures attachment 108 to moving cable 115a. It is preferred that attachment 108 be positioned immediately adjacent peripheral yoke arms 117 and 118. Attachments 109 not in close proximity to yoke 103 would be spaced on heavy wire 114.
In operation, with the greenhouse cover closed, as shown in
Therefore, by this invention, a greenhouse is provided which is easily opened to the elements and provides the minimal wind resistance when fully opened, partially opened to cause the release of heat and which can be fully covered to provide maximum protection for the plants against rain, hail and other elements and provide maximum heat. The invention also includes the ability to utilize a pair of two different types of covers wherein one provides full protection and heat accumulation with the ability to easily convert to a second cover that is porous in nature thereby providing necessary shade and desirable ventilation.
The benefits under 35 U.S.C. 119 are claimed of provisional patent application ______ filed ______.
