Embodiments described herein generally relate to a system for use with load handling equipment used in the servicing or replacing of energized, high voltage electrical equipment. More particularly, embodiments described herein relate to a system which enables a predetermined minimum clearance to be maintained between the load handling equipment and the energized electrical equipment during the servicing or replacing operation. A corresponding method is also disclosed.
Live-line working or hot-line maintenance is the maintenance of electrical equipment such as conductors, often operating at high voltages, while the equipment is energized. Live-line work also includes maintenance or repair work on support towers or poles suspending the energized conductors at a height in an overhead position. Maintenance or repair work to the poles may include replacement of old poles or new pole installations. Live-line working is more efficient because the electrical equipment does not need to be shut off while the maintenance is being performed on the electrical equipment or the towers or poles supporting them.
As stated above, the conductors, typically uninsulated conductors, are suspended at a height by support towers or poles. In order to work on the suspended energized conductors or the towers or poles suspending them at a height, load handling equipment such as a crane is generally used. If linemen are required to also work on the energized conductors, a bucket truck is used to position the linemen adjacent the energized conductors. Once the crane has been transported to the work site, the boom of the crane is then positioned by the crane operator to, for example, lift the energized conductors or the pole safely up and away from other energized electrical equipment. The boom of the crane is generally made of metal or of other material which must be treated as being electrically conductive. Consequently, any contact between the boom and the energized conductors during manipulation of the boom may result in high voltage current flowing through the crane. This in turn can cause one or more of electrocution, fire, and damage to the crane and other equipment at the work site, and electrocution or other injury to the crane operator and workers in proximity to the crane.
Studies conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have shown that a significant percentage of work site electrocutions involved cranes accidentally contacting energized conductors. In order to address this issue, current OSHA regulations for live-line working require that a minimum clearance distance or minimum approach distance (MAD) be maintained between the energized electrical equipment and other equipment and work site personnel at all times. The minimum approach distance varies and depends upon the voltages of the conductors at the work site.
Typically, a worker at the work site is designated as a signaler to observe the clearance between the crane and the energized conductors and to warn the crane operator when any part of the crane, including its load, appears to be encroaching on or breaching the minimum approach distance. In some situations, the observation function is performed by the crane operator. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, this observation method relies on the attentiveness and judgement of the signaler or crane operator to actively judge when a minimum approach distance is being encroached by any part of the crane, and on the continuous active participation and heightened awareness of the signaler or crane operator. Poor viewing positions, weather conditions and distractions at the work site can impact the signaler or crane operator's judgement. Further, the minimum approach distance can change during the operation at the work site. For example, wind may cause the conductors to sway laterally or undulate vertically, or both, and thereby reduce the clearance between the crane and the conductors. These dynamic changes to the minimum approach distance may make correct judgement of the minimum approach distance difficult for the signaler or crane operator.
There is consequently a need for a system and method whereby minimum approach distance can be maintained at a work site in an improved and inexpensive manner and which does not rely entirely on the judgement of a signaler or crane operator, and which system may be retrofitted to equipment at the work site.
Accordingly, in one embodiment a system for use with a load handling equipment for maintaining a preset minimum approach distance between the load handling equipment and energized electrical equipment at a work site is provided. The system may or may not be for retrofit to the load handling equipment, as it may also be provided as part of the load handling equipment. The system comprises a base member which has at least first and second couplings mounted thereon. The first base member is adapted to be removably mounted to an end of the load handling equipment. The system further comprises first and second elongate electrically insulating members which are adapted to be removably mounted to the first and second couplings, respectively. The first and second insulating members have lengths that correspond to the preset minimum approach distance, and when they are mounted to the base member via the first and second couplings the first and second insulating members extend outwardly from the base member in first and second orthogonal directions, respectively by the preset minimum approach distance. The first coupling is a free rotation coupling so that the first insulating member is rotatably mounted on the base member when mounted to the first coupling. The system also comprises a weight-countering member which is also removably mounted to the first coupling. The weight-countering member, when mounted to the base member, is in an oppositely disposed relation to the first insulating member when the first insulating member is mounted to the first coupling.
A rotational moment of the weight-countering member is greater than a rotational moment of the first insulating member about the first coupling so as to urge the first insulating member to a vertical orientation when the base member is mounted to the end of the load handling equipment. The first orthogonal direction is thus vertical. The second orthogonal direction is orthogonal to the end of the load handling equipment when the base member is mounted to the end of the load handling equipment. In use, when the base member, with the first and second insulating members and the weight-countering member mounted thereto, is mounted to the end of the load handling equipment, and the end of the load handling equipment is in proximity of the energized electrical equipment, the first and second insulating members extending outwardly from the base member by the preset minimum approach distance indicate the minimum approach distance between the end of the load handling equipment and the energized electrical equipment and thereby any encroachment upon the minimum approach distance.
Accordingly, in another embodiment a method, using the system described above, for maintaining a preset minimum approach distance between a load handling equipment and energized electrical equipment at a work site is provided. The method comprises removably mounting the base member to the end of the load handling equipment. The method further comprises removably mounting the weight-countering member and the first and second insulating members to the base member. Further, the method comprises manipulating the end of the load handling equipment and locating the end in the proximity of the energized electrical equipment. During the manipulation and location, the first and second insulating members extending outwardly from the base member by the preset minimum approach distance are used to visually detect whether the minimum approach distance is being maintained between the end of the load handling equipment and the energized electrical equipment and is not being encroached.
Embodiments described herein relate to a system, which may be a retrofit system, which enables a preset minimum approach distance (MAD) to be maintained between load handling equipment such as a crane, and energized electrical equipment such as energized conductors at a work site during, for example, servicing or repair of the energized electrical equipment or the towers or poles suspending the energized conductors at a height in an overhead position at the work site. Thus, embodiments described herein depict and describe the energized electrical equipment as suspended energized power lines or conductors and the load handling equipment as a crane. However, a person skilled in the art will understand that the energized electrical equipment may include components other than conductors such as static lines, optical ground wires (OPGWs) or substation bus pipes and couplings or couplers associated with the lines, wires or pipes. Couplings may include, but are not limited to, compression sleeves which join ends of two conductors together or dead-ends or dead end connectors which are used to attach the conductors to support towers or poles.
The load handling equipment may be any equipment that is used at the work site for hoisting and moving energized electrical equipment or towers or poles suspending energized conductors at a height or enabling work on or with them. Load handling equipment may include, but not limited to, material handling cranes, hoists, bucket trucks, scissor lifts, jibs, digger trucks or forklifts.
In one embodiment, and as illustrated in
The minimum approach tool of system 30, described and illustrated in several embodiments herein, which are not intended to be limiting, may be used to maintain a minimum approach distance between the energized conductors 12 and boom 16 on crane 10. As discussed above, minimum approach distance varies and is dependent on the voltage of the energized conductors 12.
Continuing with the embodiments of
Magnetic coupling or coupling through a fastener assembly allows the system 30 to be releasably mounted to boom 16.
With respect to
Lengths of the two insulating members 40 and 42 correspond to the preset MAD. The preset MAD and the corresponding lengths of the two insulating members 40 and 42 will vary depending on the application. Counterweight 48a is mounted, for example removably mounted to the distal end of counterweight arm 48. In one embodiment the counterweight 48a mounted on the distal end of counterweight arm 48 is selectively positionable along the distal end of counterweight arm 48. Counterweight arm 48 may be an elongate rod, which may also be a dielectric rod. The base end of counterweight arm 48 is releasably mounted in collar 50. In this embodiment, the weight of the counterweight 48a on counterweight arm 48 is dependent on the length and weight of the first insulating member 40. Thus, primarily the density and length of first insulating member 40 will determine the moment of insulating member 40 sought to be countered or resisted by the counterweight 48a on counterweight arm 48. The counterweight 48a on counterweight arm 48 thus resists rotation of the insulating member 40 about the axis of rotation R of rotary bearing housing 46 to thereby maintain the desired vertical orientation of the insulating member 40.
During use, in one embodiment, the first base member 32 is removably mounted to a side of the boom 16 at the distal end 16a to boom 16. The counterweight arm 48 and the insulating members 40 and 42 are then mounted to the first base member 32 (
In use, and with reference to
In one embodiment and with reference to
In one embodiment, the coupling arrangement 66 thus may include collars 44 and 50 and the collar formed in the end of the rotary bearing housing 46. The coupling arrangement 66 is best seen in
After use, the system 30 may be detached or de-coupled from the boom 16 by a detachment rod (not shown).
Based on testing, correlation between the lengths of the insulating members 40 and 42 and the weight 48a on counterweight arm 48 may be as follows: 10 feet corresponds to 15 pounds, 5 feet corresponds to 12.5 pounds, and 3 feet corresponds to 10 pounds.
While the embodiments are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the inventive subject matter is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Plural instances may be provided for components, operations or structures described herein as a single instance. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate components in the exemplary configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the inventive subject matter.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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3157744 | May 2022 | CA | national |
Number | Date | Country | |
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63338522 | May 2022 | US |