The present invention relates to nappies, primarily to reusable nappies.
Currently, the most widespread are disposable nappies, which are not burdensome to use for carers, but have a number of significant disadvantages. The number of economic disadvantages includes, first of all, a significant burden on the budget associated with one-time use, which results in a large number of consumed products. There are also hygienic factors that limit the use for the health of the carrier due to harmful chemicals that are part of the active absorbents, as well as due to low breathability, which causes an unfavorable over-dried and overheated microclimate in the inner space of the nappy that locks the lumbar-genital area of the user. There is also a real risk of infection of the genitourinary system of the carrier due to the practice of wearing a dangerously contaminated diaper after the first bowel movement in it. And it should be emphasized that such a danger is mixed with quite comfortable feelings of the user, what manufacturers are fighting for and what advertising campaigns are aimed at. A significant disadvantage of disposable nappies is a huge amount of highly polluted and infectious waste that is difficult to process, which has already become a serious social and environmental problem.
The use of reusable diapers is somewhat more troublesome for caregivers, but it allows using simple traditional solutions to eliminate the above-mentioned social, economic and environmental problems. In addition, the use of reusable nappies is gaining more and more supporters as a socially responsible behavior of people.
There is another side of the question. Until now, little attention has been paid to the problem of teaching the self-regulation of the nappy carrier (user), especially the newborn, who needs to form the skills of restraining natural needs from a clean slate. And for this, feedback is needed in the form of feelings of discomfort during spontaneous bodily functions of the body. That is, the nappy should get wet and naturally cool down due to the evaporation of moisture, which will create a training feeling of discomfort for the wearer.
At the same time, the nappy, if possible, should not get so wet and leak so as to pollute things in the neighborhood. However, almost all disposable diapers, as well as most sealed reusable diapers with a waterproof layer, exclude such discomfort, and therefore feedback, thereby depriving the user of up-to-date information and the appearance of a skill.
This leads to well-known common problems, for example, difficulties with teaching a child to use a pot, insufficient ability of an adult child to support natural functions, enuresis, etc.
One more psychological aspect can be noted—the formation of an incorrect primary skill, a behavioral standard in a newborn, namely the habit of sending natural needs at the first urge and the perception of clothes as a latrine. That is, parents are faced with the formation of incorrect skills, habits and ideas. The child learns and gets used to perceive clothes as a pot. And with the subsequent training in using the pot, the child simply does not understand what is wanted from him, since he has already been accustomed to comfortable defecation into clothes.
Before the era of disposable nappies, this set of modern problems was solved by itself—absorbent properties and permeability of the material of traditional nappies and swaddles provided a good microclimate and did not allow them to be used comfortably after contamination, and also gave reliable feedback.
Currently, the problem of feedback through discomfort can be solved by nappies without waterproof layers, for example, a nappy in the form of pants, described in the patent RU2400200[1]. These diapers are both educative, that is, giving feedback through feelings of discomfort after defecation, and giving the advantage of reusability, that is, they can be used repeatedly with the corresponding benefits, which we have already discussed. Pants made of multi-layer gauze also have the advantages of naturalness, there are no allergic reactions when using them, they absorb bowel movements well and quickly, they are easily rinsed, washed and dried, they can be steamed and ironed. This nappy is pulled together from the front on both sides with ribbons that are tied with a bow, which allows you to flexibly adjust the size of the belt and is aesthetically attractive. However, when using such a diaper, it is quite difficult to maintain a balance between getting wet and leaking, which leads to unpleasant cases of excessive getting wet, strong local leakage and contamination of other things and clothing. In addition, the fastening is not quite convenient, the ties must be dragged through the loops of the response surface when putting on, which is time-consuming.
To increase the capacity of the nappy in the form of pants, additional liners are used, which help to combat leakage, but this carries its own inconveniences—a larger nappy is required, an unfixed insert can shift, etc.
One of the most traditional variants of liners in diapers are traditional liners-diapers made of cotton gauze, folded in several layers and sewn in the form of squares, rectangles or triangles. Multi-layer gauze is a fairly comfortable and perfectly breathable material for liners in nappies-pants. Being a rarefied fabric, multilayer gauze forms honeycombs that absorb both liquid and suspended waste products very well. Traditional gauze square liners are usually folded twice or three times into an oblong rectangle and placed inside pants in the perineum.
This folding allows you to get a significant absorbency or capacity of the honeycomb. The use of additional liners in reusable diapers is convenient for users because it allows you to separate the most severe dirt and collect them on a simpler design and simply cleaned separate liner into the diaper. After use, a separate gauze liner is easy to rinse, wash, dry and iron, because it unfolds into a thinner and less layered plane.
However, such liners in nappies have disadvantages. Double or triple addition forms an excessive layer of material from the front and especially from the back edge with a noticeable thickening under the child's back, which causes unpleasant sensations and leads to skin rubbing(hurting). It should also be added that the intense jet when urinating into a loose material sometimes does not have time to disperse over the area and volume of the gauze liner, which leads to local leakage. You can also add that such a diaper with a liner is not optimal in design, because it does not allow you to easily and conveniently redistribute the material from less functionally loaded places to those places where a large absorbent capacity is required. In addition, the loose liner in the nappy can spontaneously shift from the optimal position, which is especially important for actively moving children.
For the manufacture of reusable nappies and liners in modern practice, not only cotton gauze is used. Recently, there has been a significant increase in attention to reusable hygroscopic hygiene products and materials for their manufacture. For example, the Chinese patent WO2017114974 presents a textile recoverable material for the manufacture of hygiene devices [2] for incontinence, to the fibers of which one or more antimicrobial and/or hydrophilic and/or stain-releasing agents are attached.
The closest to the claimed solution is a reusable diaper described in US patent US2014221954[3], which is an external nappy consisting of a back part with snap buttons for fastening the nappy waistband on the side wings of the waist part of the nappies, a perineum and an expanded front part with corresponding parts of the snap buttons. The outer nappy has a barrier layer. Inside, the nappy is equipped with internal pockets and valves with liners that can be placed and fixed in various versions. The size of the nappy waistband is adjusted step-by-step with the help of a numerous point response fasteners in the area of the carrier's abdomen.
In one of the variants of this solution, the diaper is equipped with a valve for fixing the liner. At the same time, the valve has the shape of a pocket and has an extension forward, fixed at the corners of the front edge to the outer nappy with push-button fastening method. Under this valve (between it and the external nappy), the main sorbing liner is placed, which is located at the back in the pocket, in the middle under the valve, and is fixed in front through holes at the same points of reusable attachment as the valve itself to the external nappy. This solution has the following disadvantages.
First, let's consider the disadvantages of attaching a diaper of this design to the waistband. The construction is oversaturated with fastening buttons on the stomach, which makes it unnecessarily complex and time-consuming. In addition, when manipulating the fixing or detaching of point fasteners on the abdomen, it is necessary to press on the stomach, which will at least cause unpleasant sensations to the user, and in some cases is generally unacceptable. At the same time, the adjustment of the waistband size is step-by-step, that is, inaccurate, which leads to the mandatory use of elastic elements. Step-by-step rigid adjustment also leads to the fact that it is difficult to put a nappy on if it is collected in pants before putting them on the user.
Second, we will analyze the disadvantages of the considered nappy related to the design of the barrier layer and absorbent liners. A moisture-proof layer of the diaper is placed in the outer surface of the pants, which will block the space on the carrier, and deprive it of feedback, that is, the diaper can not be attributed to educative (training) Such a diaper can not be disinfected by washing with boiling and ironing with an iron.
In addition, in this solution, we also see the presence of inseparable absorbent layers and barrier layers, which, when cleaning the product, will cause the appearance of dead-end zones that are difficult to disinfect. Since the valve to the main nappy is sewn in the form of a pocket, it is difficult to wash and dry the nappy, which also complicates disinfection by ironing with a hot iron. The valve does not have a loose cellular structure and is a barrier on the way to the liner and prevents the absorption of excretions into the main liner located behind the valve. The liner is placed under the valve, which requires its special fastening. The requirement of special fasteners sharply narrows the choice of liners to special liners with holes. The valve itself does not have a sufficient absorption capacity.
The purpose of this invention is to offer a reusable nappy device with a learning effect by providing feedback during the event of incontinence. At the same time, the design of the diaper should ensure safe and gentle manipulation when putting it on the user, it should be convenient for both the user and the guardians. When putting on a nappy, the size of the nappy's waistband should provide the possibility of smooth adjustment. The length of the perineum of the nappy should be regulated by folding, and the configuration obtained during addition should be comfortable and utilitarian inside, aesthetically and structurally attractive outside. The diaper should prevent leakage or heavy soaking and contamination of the surrounding clothing, underwear and linen. The nappy should provide a reliable and convenient attachment of additional absorbent materials elements, allow the expansion of its functionality due to the possibility of using a wide selection of liners and similar sorbing devices and materials from different manufacturers, including disposable, reusable, with special properties, etc. The liner itself in the nappy should be simply, conveniently and securely attached both in front and behind. When fixing the liner in the back of the diaper, the fastening elements should not cause unpleasant sensations when the wearer is lying on his back. The nappy should be cleaned quite simply and conveniently and completely restore its hygienic properties by rinsing, washing, ironing and drying.
The technical solution proposed in the invention proceeds from a new view and a new approach of the author to the problems of using nappies, the formation of healthy reactions and habits in newborns, and in general to the problem of incontinence.
Further aspects and features of the technology of this application will become obvious from the detailed description provided below. In addition, any one or more aspects of the technology of this application may be implemented individually or in combination with any one or more other aspects of the technology of this application. It should be understood that the detailed description and examples given in it are intended for illustration and should not be considered as limiting.
To achieve these goals, a diaper is offered, made in the form pants detachable on the sides (see
In one or more variants (see
In one or more versions of the diaper (see
The tightening structure can also be made in other versions known to industry specialists, for example (see
In one or more variants (see
In one or more variants (see
In one or more variants, the nappy may have point elements (24) on the inner surface of the front for attaching a liner or an absorbent pad. The liner at the back may not have special elements for mounting and can be freely placed behind under the back of the user. This option may be convenient for non-moving recumbent users, for example, for newborns.
The absorbent element in the form of a gasket (46) or a liner (see
In one or more variants, the special barrier cloth element may have special holes (29) in the front, located respectively to the snap-fasteners (27) in front of the liner itself or the absorbent pad to the nappy. In this case, the attachment of the liner to the nappy is carried out through these holes, through which the snap-fasteners for attaching the liner (27) or gaskets to the outer nappy are passed.
The liner (see
In one or more versions, the nappy liner can be made of various shapes, for example, rectangular, oval, trapezoidal, in the form of an hourglass and can be configured in accordance with the internal space of the nappy of a specific drawing.
In one or more versions (see
The backing folds (see
In one or more versions (see
The flip back can carry an independent aesthetic or informational function. It can be furnished with drawings or other decorations. Information about the state of the interior medium of a nappy, etc.
In one or more variants (see
These can be pairs of snap buttons (43 and 44) located symmetrically on the sides of the middle line (45). At the same time, these elements can be arranged in the form of a trapezoid with a smaller side (KM) on top. When adding such a figure (see
The drawings described here are intended for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the volume or spirit of the technology of the present invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2019110566 | Apr 2019 | RU | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/RU2020/000171 | 4/8/2020 | WO | 00 |