The disclosure generally relates to sidearms and ammunition for sidearms.
To increase bullet velocity while using a limited case volume, modern metallic cartridges are bottlenecked; they have a bullet diameter significantly smaller than the maximum diameter of the casing. This inevitably creates cartridges that operate at relatively high pressure with an elongated geometry, making them unsuitable for use in concealable sidearms.
One way to fire a small, high velocity round without using a bottlenecked cartridge is to use a sabot. A sabot is a device that nests around a projectile and keeps it aligned in the center of the barrel when fired. A sabot allows for the use of a small caliber projectile with a large straight-walled casing that would ordinarily fire a larger diameter projectile at a lower velocity. Once the sabot carries the projectile down the barrel, it discards from the bullet.
Saboted projectiles have proven utility but have several perceived drawbacks. For example, saboted projectiles are limited in their accuracy, as the projectile never engages with barrel rifling as the projectile travels down the barrel. Additionally, saboted projectiles suffer from efficiency loss, as energy must be expended in pushing the discarding sabot down the barrel.
In this regard, reverse-saboted sidearm systems, and related sidearms, ammunition, and methods are provided. An example embodiment of a reverse-saboted sidearm system, comprises: a sidearm having a barrel assembly with an inner wall defining a longitudinally extending bore; and a round of reverse-saboted ammunition having a non-necked casing, a reverse sabot, and a projectile, the reverse sabot mounted at a discharge end of the casing with a distal end of the reverse sabot extending outwardly from the casing, the reverse sabot defining a receiving passage aligned with a longitudinal centerline of the casing, the projectile being at least partially disposed within the receiving passage of the reverse sabot; the inner wall of the barrel assembly being configured to engage an exterior surface of the projectile to direct the projectile.
In at least one embodiment, the casing extends from a striking end to a discharge end, the casing defining an interior, the discharge end having an aperture defining an opening, the opening communicating with the interior.
In at least one embodiment, the system further comprises: propellant disposed within the interior; and a primer mounted at the striking end of the casing, the primer being operative to ignite the propellant.
In at least one embodiment: a first portion of the reverse sabot extends into the opening and the interior; a second portion of the reverse sabot extends outwardly from the discharge end of the casing; the receiving passage extends through the reverse sabot from a proximal end of the first portion to a distal end of the second portion; and the casing, the primer, the reverse sabot, and the projectile encase the propellant.
In at least one embodiment: the reverse sabot is a first bullet of a caliber configured for use with the casing; and the receiving passage is formed through the first bullet.
In at least one embodiment, the projectile is a second bullet of a smaller caliber than the caliber of the first bullet.
In at least one embodiment, the projectile is a 5.56 mm NATO (rifle) bullet and the first bullet is a 10 mm auto (pistol) bullet.
In at least one embodiment: the projectile has a proximal end and a distal end; and the distal end of the projectile does not extend beyond the distal end of the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the proximal end of the projectile does not extend beyond the proximal end of the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the reverse sabot is configured to remain mounted to the casing after firing of the round, during which the projectile is expelled from the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the receiving passage is an axial bore formed through the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment: along a length of the receiving passage, the receiving passage varies in diameter; and an inner surface of the reverse sabot defining the receiving passage at a narrowed portion thereof engages an exterior portion of the projectile to mount the projectile to the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment: along a length of the receiving passage, the receiving passage varies in diameter, with an intermediate portion of the receiving passage exhibiting a narrowed diameter; and an inner surface of the reverse sabot defining the intermediate portion of the receiving passage engages an exterior portion of the projectile to mount the projectile to the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the inner surface is toroidal in shape.
In at least one embodiment, the casing has a circumferential extraction groove disposed adjacent to the striking end.
In at least one embodiment, the inner wall of the barrel assembly exhibits rifling to impart rotation to the projectile while being propelled through the bore.
An example embodiment of a reverse-saboted ammunition round comprises: a casing exhibiting a non-necked cylindrical exterior extending from a striking end to a discharge end, the casing defining an interior, the discharge end having an aperture defining an opening, the opening communicating with the interior; propellant disposed within the interior; a primer mounted at the striking end of the casing, the primer being operative to ignite the propellant; a reverse sabot mounted at the discharge end of the casing, with a first portion of the reverse sabot extending into the opening and the interior, and a second portion of the reverse sabot extending outwardly from the discharge end of the casing, the reverse sabot exhibiting a diameter corresponding to a diameter of the opening of the casing and defining a receiving passage aligned with a longitudinal centerline of the casing, the receiving passage extending through the reverse sabot from a proximal end of the first portion to a distal end of the second portion; and a projectile disposed at least partially within the receiving passage of the reverse sabot; the casing, the primer, the reverse sabot, and the projectile encasing the propellant.
In at least one embodiment: the reverse sabot is a first bullet of a caliber configured for use with the casing; and the receiving passage is formed through the first bullet.
In at least one embodiment, the projectile is a second bullet of a smaller caliber than the caliber of the first bullet.
In at least one embodiment, the projectile is a 5.56 mm NATO (rifle) bullet and the first bullet is a 10 mm auto (pistol) bullet.
In at least one embodiment: the projectile has a proximal end and a distal end; and the distal end of the projectile does not extend beyond the distal end of the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the proximal end of the projectile does not extend beyond the proximal end of the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the reverse sabot is configured to remain mounted to the casing after firing of the round, during which the projectile is expelled from the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the receiving passage is an axial bore formed through the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment: along a length of the receiving passage, the receiving passage varies in diameter; and an inner surface of the reverse sabot defining the receiving passage at a narrowed portion thereof engages an exterior portion of the projectile to mount the projectile to the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment: along a length of the receiving passage, the receiving passage varies in diameter, with an intermediate portion of the receiving passage exhibiting a narrowed diameter; and an inner surface of the reverse sabot defining the intermediate portion of the receiving passage engages an exterior portion of the projectile to mount the projectile to the reverse sabot.
In at least one embodiment, the inner surface is toroidal in shape.
In at least one embodiment, the casing has a circumferential extraction groove disposed adjacent to the striking end.
An example embodiment of a sidearm for use with reverse-saboted ammunition, a round of the reverse-saboted ammunition having a non-necked casing, a reverse sabot, and a projectile, the reverse sabot mounted at a discharge end of the casing, the reverse sabot exhibiting a diameter corresponding to a diameter of the casing and defining a receiving passage therethrough aligned with a longitudinal centerline of the casing, the projectile being at least partially disposed within the receiving passage of the reverse sabot, the sidearm comprises: a barrel assembly having an inner wall defining a bore extending longitudinally along a length of the barrel assembly, the bore exhibiting a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the projectile of a round of reverse-saboted ammunition and narrower than the diameter of the reverse sabot, the inner wall being configured to engage an exterior surface of the projectile to impart a rotation to the projectile while being propelled through the barrel assembly.
In at least one embodiment, the sidearm further comprises a chamber extending from a breech to a bore end, the breech being sized and shaped to receive the round of reverse-saboted ammunition, the chamber communicating with the bore and aligning the projectile with the bore.
In at least one embodiment: a portion of the reverse sabot extends outwardly from the casing; and in a chambered position of the round, an exterior surface of the portion of the reverse sabot that extends outwardly from the casing engages an inner surface disposed at the bore end of the chamber.
In at least one embodiment, in a chambered position of the round, the projectile of the round does not extend into the bore of the barrel assembly.
An example embodiment of a method for producing reverse-saboted ammunition, comprises: providing a casing exhibiting a non-necked cylindrical exterior extending from a striking end to a discharge end, the casing defining an interior, the discharge end having an aperture defining an opening, the opening communicating with the interior; mounting a primer at the striking end of the casing; disposing propellant within the interior; mounting a reverse sabot at the discharge end of the casing, with a first portion of the reverse sabot extending through the opening and into the interior, and a second portion of the reverse sabot extending outwardly from the discharge end of the casing, the reverse sabot defining a receiving passage aligned with a longitudinal centerline of the casing, the receiving passage extending through the reverse sabot from a proximal end of the first portion to a distal end of the second portion; and disposing a projectile at least partially within the receiving passage of the reverse sabot, wherein the casing, the primer, the reverse sabot, and the projectile encase the propellant.
In at least one embodiment: the reverse sabot is a first bullet of a caliber configured for use with the casing; and the method further comprises forming the receiving passage through the first bullet.
An example embodiment of a method for providing a sidearm for use with reverse-saboted ammunition comprises: providing a barrel assembly configured for use with reverse-saboted ammunition; and installing the barrel assembly in a sidearm.
In at least one embodiment, the method further comprises removing a barrel assembly, which was originally provided with the sidearm, and replacing the originally provided barrel assembly with the barrel assembly configured for use with reverse-saboted ammunition.
Other objects, features, and/or advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred but non-limiting embodiments. The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments are described with reference to the following drawings. In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Likewise, the relative sizes of elements illustrated by the drawings may differ from the relative sizes depicted.
The disclosure can be more fully understood by the subsequent detailed description and examples with reference made to the accompanying drawings.
For ease in explanation, the following discussion describes several embodiments of reverse-saboted sidearm systems, and related sidearms, ammunition, and methods. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “one example”, and/or “an example” (or language similar thereto) means that a particular feature, structure, and/or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, “one example”, and/or “an example” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the feature(s), structure(s), and/or characteristic(s) may be combined in any suitable combination(s) and/or sub-combination(s) in one or more embodiments or examples.
In this regard,
In operation, reverse sabot 20 retains projectile 30 until firing in a corresponding sidearm. During the firing sequence of round 10, pressure builds within the casing until a retention force exerted on projectile 30 by reverse sabot 20 is exceeded. The pressure then forces projectile 30 from receiving passage 22 and outwardly from reverse sabot 20. Reverse sabot 20 is retained by casing 12, even after projectile 30 is expelled from the sidearm.
Another exemplary embodiment of a round of reverse-saboted ammunition 50 is depicted in
Round 50 also includes propellant 70 (e.g., black powder) that is disposed within interior 60. A primer 72 is mounted at striking end 56 of casing 52. Primer 72 is used to ignite propellant 70 in response to being struck, such as by a firing pin of a sidearm (not shown).
A reverse sabot 80 is mounted at discharge end 58 of casing 52. A first portion 82 of reverse sabot 80 extends through opening 64 and into interior 62, and a second portion 84 of reverse sabot 80 extends outwardly from discharge end 58 of casing 52. Notably, at least first portion 82 of reverse sabot 80 exhibits a diameter corresponding to a diameter of opening 64 to facilitate mounting of reverse sabot 80 to casing 52. Reverse sabot 80 defines a receiving passage 86 that is aligned with a longitudinal centerline 88 of casing 52. Receiving passage 86 extends through reverse sabot 80 from a proximal end 92 of first portion 82 to a distal end 94 of second portion 84.
A projectile 90 is disposed at least partially within receiving passage 86 so that casing 52, primer 72, reverse sabot 80, and projectile 90 encase propellant 70. In at least one embodiment, this encasement provides a hermetic seal about the propellant. Projectile 90 extends between a proximal end 96 and a distal end 98. As shown in the embodiment of
Various configurations of reverse sabots may be used provided that each is able to retain a corresponding projectile until firing. By way of example, in at least one embodiment, a reverse sabot may be formed from a preformed bullet of a caliber that is configured for use with a desired casing. A receiving passage may be formed through the bullet.
Various configurations of projectiles also may be used. By way of example, in at least one embodiment, a projectile may be formed from a preformed bullet of a caliber that is suitable for use with a receiving passage. This may include the projectile being a second bullet of a smaller caliber than the caliber of the bullet used in forming the reverse sabot. For instance, a projectile may be a 5.56 mm NATO (rifle) bullet and a reverse sabot may be formed using a 10 mm auto (pistol) bullet.
Another exemplary embodiment of a round of reverse-saboted ammunition 100 is depicted in
An exemplary embodiment of a sidearm system will now be described with reference to
Sidearm 200 also incorporates a barrel assembly 208, which extends from a breech 210 to a muzzle 212. Barrel assembly 208 includes a chamber 214 that extends between breech 210 and a bore end 216. In at least one embodiment, barrel assembly 208 is formed as an integrated component; however, a multi-piece design may be used. For instance, a barrel assembly may be formed from a barrel and a barrel extender (not shown). Round 250 is shown in
As best shown in
Additionally, barrel assembly 208 incorporates an inner wall 220 that defines a bore 222. Bore 222 extends longitudinally along a length of barrel assembly 208 and exhibits a centerline 224 that is aligned with a centerline 226 of chamber 214. In the depicted embodiment, bore 222 communicates with chamber 214 and extends from bore end 216 to muzzle 212. So configured, chamber 214 aligns projectile 256 with bore 222 prior to firing, noting that projectile 256 does not enter bore 222 until after round 250 is discharged (see,
Bore 222 exhibits a diameter that is narrower than the diameter of reverse sabot 254 and chamber 214—a diameter that corresponds to the diameter of projectile 256. In the depicted embodiment, inner wall 220 is configured to engage an exterior surface 260 of projectile 256 while being propelled through bore 222. In at least one embodiment, inner wall 220 incorporates rifling 228 (
It should be noted that, in at least one embodiment, a barrel assembly is provided as a replacement component for a sidearm that was not originally manufactured for chambering and firing reverse-saboted ammunition. By way of non-limiting example, the barrel assembly of a 10 mm sidearm (i.e., a sidearm configured to chamber and fire a 10 mm bullet) may be replaced with a barrel assembly (such as barrel assembly 208) that is configured to receive 10 mm ammunition but includes a bore of a diameter that is too small to direct a 10 mm bullet. The bore, however, is sized to direct a projectile of an appropriately configured round of reverse-saboted ammunition. As such, an example embodiment of a method for providing a sidearm for use with reverse-saboted ammunition includes: providing a barrel assembly configured for use with reverse-saboted ammunition; and, installing the barrel assembly in a sidearm. As mentioned, this may include replacing a barrel assembly that was originally provided with the sidearm.
Returning to
In
In block 304, a primer is mounted at the striking end of the casing. Then, as shown in block 306, propellant is disposed within the interior of the casing.
In block 308, a reverse sabot is mounted at the discharge end of the casing. In particular, the reverse sabot is mounted so that a first portion extends through the opening and into the interior of the casing, and a second portion extends outwardly from the discharge end of the casing. Notably, the reverse sabot defines a receiving passage that is configured to receive a projectile. In at least one embodiment, the reverse sabot is formed from a preformed bullet of a caliber configured for use with the casing. The receiving passage may be formed in various manners, such as by forming (e.g., drilling) an axial bore through the material of the body of the reverse sabot.
In block 310, a projectile is at least partially disposed within the receiving passage of the reverse sabot so that the casing, the primer, the reverse sabot, and the projectile encase the propellant. In at least one embodiment, a pressing tool may be used to urge the projectile (back-end first) into the receiving passage.
In at least one embodiment, conventional cartridge manufacturing equipment may be used for many (if not all) of the steps used in forming reverse-saboted ammunition.
The embodiments described above are illustrative of the invention and it will be appreciated that various permutations of these embodiments may be implemented consistent with the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the claims. Any examples provided are non-limiting examples.
This utility application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application 63/582,956, filed on 15 Sep. 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63582956 | Sep 2023 | US |