Patent Grant
10231440
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
This section is intended to introduce various aspects of the art, which may be associated with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. This discussion is believed to assist in providing a framework to facilitate a better understanding of particular aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that this section should be read in this light, and not necessarily as admissions of prior art.
As a result of work, school, and other obligations, most pet owners cannot be with their pet at every moment of every day. However, some pets, due to various conditions, behaviors, and circumstances, require some form of monitoring throughout each day or at least at particular times. This is particularly true if an owner allows a pet to freely roam a home premises in the owner's absence. There is a need to provide systems, methods and devices that track the location of a pet in a premises and that monitor and guide its behavior in such premises.
So that the manner in which the present application can be better understood, certain illustrations and figures are appended hereto. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only selected embodiments and elements of the systems and methods described herein and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope for the systems and methods as described herein may admit to other equally effective embodiments and applications.
The demographics of pet ownership have been changing. The size of pet dogs has been getting smaller, they stay inside the home longer per day; if not all day. Both young and older individuals are gravitating towards smaller dwellings. Metropolitan living is becoming more popular. As a result, apartments and condominiums in cities and municipalities are easing their restrictions related to dog occupancy in these smaller living spaces. Therefore, a market is being defined based on the needs for these (but not limited) to metropolitan pet owners.
Specifically looking at the needs of this demographic group, some of the more “rural” pet solutions do not apply. Coupled with the new technology platforms available and the prevalence of smart phones and internet availability, new solutions emerge. And in response to the general cry of consumers for products with more features and benefits with less complexity and “hassle”, the systems and methods described herein answer that call.
Consider the reduced size of the pet's home in the metropolitan environment. The pet owners would like control of the pet's allowable whereabouts (stay out of the kitchen, ok in living room etc.), and knowledge of its routine activities (when did she sleep and where?, did she bark?, did she eat, drink and when? etc.). This disclosure provides for the simple set up of a monitoring/tracking/detection/training/avoidance system, easy configuration of system components, and optionally worldwide, real-time access to the information.
The systems and methods described herein include distributing pet beacons in a house at strategic locations to provide monitoring/tracking/detecting/training/avoidance functionality for pets. These devices are designed to periodically transmit a unique identification code along with functional parameters. Currently, such devices transmit signals for a distance of up to 70 meters. They are designed to be either battery or line powered, are small and easily located anywhere in the home. The individual beacons do not have an assigned function under one embodiment. This allows for simple activation and placement. Under one embodiment, beacons send unique identification and health status only (i.e. battery life). Under alternative embodiments, beacons may also transmit minimum and maximum signal strength values and other functional parameters.
The systems and methods described herein include providing pet collar devices. Under an embodiment a pet wears a collar that is designed to receive beacon transmissions, and act upon and/or store the data transmissions. Pet collar devices may also transmit beacon configuration data and summarized collected data from all monitored beacons to one or more smartphone receivers. The collar is also capable of providing positive and negative reinforcement as necessary utilizing a number of different stimulation techniques.
Under one embodiment, beacons comprise Bluetooth® Low Energy beacons. Under alternative embodiments, beacons comprise Bluetooth Low Energy peripherals capable of RF connection. Further, collars may comprise Bluetooth low energy enabled devices that function in a manner analogous to beacons. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is itself a wireless technology standard for personal area networks. BLE is targeted for very low power devices, i.e. devices that can run on a coin cell battery for months or years. Under an embodiment, Bluetooth enabled beacons/devices may comprise Bluetooth integrated circuit implementations. Updates to embedded code of a Bluetooth enabled device may be accomplished through firmware over the air upgrades. Mobile device operating systems may natively support the Bluetooth low energy wireless communications protocol. Such operating systems include iOS, Android, Windows Phone and BlackBerry, as well as OS X, Linux, and Windows 8.
A smartphone application is described herein that is used to set up, and configure the in-home detection/monitoring system and configure its components. The smartphone application may also be used to monitor and control beacons and/or collar devices and upload monitored data. As one example, the smart phone application, when in range of either a beacon or a collar device may receive data from such devices, collect the data and/or store the data. The smart phone application may also cause action by a device such as the collar or any beacon, manually or automatically. As further described below, the application may wirelessly signal the collar device to apply a corrective action, i.e. apply a stimulus to the corresponding pet. When configuring the system, the application may provide a simple user interface for configuring the system, its components and their functionality.
It should be noted that beacons, the pet collar device(s) and mobile devices may both transmit and receive data. Accordingly, each such component/device may serve a dual function of transmitting and receiving/collecting data as further described below. In the examples provided below, beacons and pet collar devices are Bluetooth enabled but embodiments are not so limited. Further in the examples provided below an operating system of a mobile device (running a smartphone application of the system described herein) natively supports Bluetooth communications. Such operating system also natively supports any other communications protocols as they become available.
Assume that a user implements the tracking/monitoring system within a one bedroom apartment premises/home. Under such embodiment,
As seen in
Under one embodiment, the smartphone application may provide an “easy to use” configuration interface. A pet owner may initiate the application on a smartphone and walk through a set up procedure using the configuration interface. For example, such interface of the application may provide click through buttons for “beacon” and “collar” discovery modes as seen in
Continuing with this configuration example, a user runs the same application on the user's smart phone to configure the collar device for operation. As indicated above, an interface of the application may provide click through buttons for “beacon” and “collar” discovery modes as seen in
In this manner, the application may learn the unique identification number of all premises beacons and the pet collar devices. It should be noted that
A user may use the smartphone application to configure the collar (or collars) for operation, i.e. to configure “collar defined” functions or enable recognition of specific “tag defined” beacons. The collar itself performs a set of “active” and/or “passive” functions. Proximity to a beacon triggers one or more such functions as defined by the user with respect to the particular beacon. In other word, for each deployed beacon the user defines a collar implemented function triggered by the collar's entry into a defined proximity of a particular beacon.
Continuing with this example, an operational pet collar device approaches the particular beacon and crosses over the configured threshold distance. During this event, the particular beacon simply transmits is unique identification number. The collar device receives the signal, identifies the unique identification number, and uses signal strength of the transmission to estimate a distance to the beacon. The collar device then uses the identification number to perform a database lookup to determine the assigned collar function with respect to the beacon (e.g., a negative stimulus) and conditions for its performance (e.g. location of the collar device within a certain threshold distance and permitted time of performance). In this example, the collar determines that the function is delivery of stimulus and also resolves that the estimated distance from collar to beacon is less than the selected threshold distance (via comparison of estimated distance with designated threshold distance). Therefore, the collar device delivers the avoidance stimulus to the pet wearing the collar device. It should be noted that threshold distance may comprise distance from a location or a range of such distances (including an upper and lower boundary).
In the example above, the assigned function comprises a user/collar defined function. In other words, a user may assign functions to collar/beacon combinations. For example, a user may wish to prevent a pet from jumping on the user's couch. Therefore, the user may assign a beacon located near the couch an avoidance function, i.e. assign an avoidance function to a collar with respect to such beacon. However, a user may simply wish to know how often a pet visits a water bowl in daytime hours while the user is away from the premises, i.e. the user may simply wish to track the location of a pet. Accordingly, a user may assign a beacon located near the water bowl a tracking function, i.e. assign a tracking function to a collar with respect to such beacon. The user then assigns the collar device the tracking function via the application in the same way the avoidance function is assigned (as described above). When the pet collar device is within a threshold distance of the beacon (and once the collar device processes conditions for performance of the assigned function based on beacon/function/distance/time parameters), the pet collar device simply logs location data, e.g. the occurrence of a threshold crossing, the time of a threshold crossing, duration of pet's proximity to a beacon, etc.). The tracking beacon may under an embodiment also administer a positive reinforcement such as a positive tone if so configured by the user.
The flexibility of the system is evident in view of a second pet collar device. Within the same monitored premises, the configuration process described above may be used to assign functions to a second collar device with respect to the same set of beacons. This set of functions may be entirely different than those assigned to the first collar. This is possible due to the fact that beacons merely transmit identification numbers while the collar devices detect/extract the identification numbers and then resolve/perform a user defined function based on configuration data stored in a collar specific database.
In contrast to “user defined” functions, a user may also dedicate a specific beacon to a particular task. For example, a user may use the application interface during setup to assign an avoidance function to a beacon directly. An example of directly configuring a beacon defined function using a smartphone application is provided below. A user initiates the smartphone application which under one embodiment provides an interface for assignment of functions directly to beacons.
As indicated above, a user may use the application interface during setup to assign an avoidance function to a beacon directly. During set up operations, the application transmits such configuration data to the specifically tasked beacon. (It should be noted beacons not only transmit data, they may also receive and store data from other beacons or devices). The transmitted data includes “function data” (which encodes the particular function in data packets for inclusion in the beacon's periodic transmissions), threshold distance (and permitted time data under an embodiment). The application may also send the beacon's identification number to the collar device which stores such information. Accordingly, the beacon periodically transmits its identification number, the function data, and a threshold distance (and permitted times under an embodiment) to devices within its range. Under this example, the pet collar device may approach the beacon transmitting the identification number and corresponding data. The collar device then extracts the identification number, the “function data”, distance data (and permitted time data under an embodiment) and uses the signal strength of the transmission to estimate distance from the beacon. The collar device may match the identification number to stored beacon identification numbers to ensure that the particular beacon is part of the configured system, i.e., that the collar device should proceed. The collar device may then match “function data” with function type, e.g. avoidance, tracking, etc., using embedded code within a pet collar. Alternatively, a smartphone application may transmit such data to the collar device during set up operations. Under this example, the function data corresponds to an avoidance task, i.e. delivery of negative stimulus. The collar device then resolve whether the device is within the designated threshold distance (and within appropriate time interval under an embodiment). If so, the collar device executes the assigned function, i.e. delivers the negative stimulus.
Under one embodiment, a home detection kit may ship with a collar and corresponding beacons. A user may first register the smart phone application with a company provided internet service. Registration may provide the application with the unique device identification numbers of the beacons and the collar(s). Alternatively, the application may discover identification numbers during configuration as described in detail above.
Under one embodiment, a pet owner/user deploys beacons in a home. The user simply locates beacons in areas of interest. The pet owner uses a collar, in conjunction with a smartphone application to assign “Avoid” and/or “Track” functions to collar/beacon combinations. As an example of assigning an “Avoid” function (using the procedures already described in detail above), a user first places a red sticker on a beacon. The user then approaches the beacon with a mobile device running the smartphone application. The application/device reads the unique identification of the beacon and reads receiver signal strength indication (RSSI) value. The application then communicates with the collar to assign collar a function of the particular beacon when the pet collar is within a set range of the beacon. If the pet collar comes within a configured distance of the particular beacon, the collar triggers a negative stimulus and stores the time of the event under an embodiment.
As an example of assigning a “Track” function (using the procedures already described in detail above), a user first places a green sticker on beacon. The user then approaches the beacon with a mobile device running the smartphone application. The application/device reads the unique identification of the beacon and reads receiver signal strength indication (RSSI) value. The application then communicates with the collar to assign collar a function of the particular beacon when the pet collar is within a set range of the beacon. If the pet collar comes within a configured distance of the particular beacon, the collar will log the occurrence of the event and/or emit a positive reinforcement stimulus under an embodiment. The collar may also store the time of the event.
As the pet wearing the collar moves about the home, the collar collects data while controlling the pet's whereabouts through stimulus events triggered by proximity to “red” beacons and tracked events triggered by proximity to “green” beacons. When the collar is within range of the smart phone application, the collar transmits all collected/queued data to the application which may then display such information. A user may also deliver immediate Avoid/Track commands to the collar.
Under one embodiment, Bluetooth LE modules are used in the beacons and collars of the systems and methods described above. Alternatively, unique RF beacons may be specially designed for this detection/tracking/monitoring system described herein.
Under one embodiment, one or more of a pet collar device, a beacon, and smartphone may be communicatively coupled via Wi-Fi or WPAN communications protocols to a local router to provide a communicative coupling with wide area networks, metropolitan area networks and with the internet in general. Each such device therefore is communicatively coupled to a remote cloud computing platform comprising one or more applications running on at least one processor of a remote server. Accordingly, the collar/beacons/smartphone may transmit data to and/or receive data from a cloud computing platform.
Under one embodiment, beacons may comprise a green and red side. If placed with green side up, the beacon may be automatically configured as a “Track” location. If placed with red side up, the beacon may be automatically configured as an “Avoid” location.
It is understood that the systems and method described herein are merely illustrative. Other arrangements may be employed in accordance the embodiments set forth below. Further, variations of the systems and method described herein may comply with the spirit of the embodiments set forth herein.
Systems and methods for monitoring a subject in a premises are described above in detail. In accordance with such disclosure,
Under the embodiment described above, a monitoring/tracking/detection system includes one or more collar devices, one or more beacons, and at least one smartphone running an application and providing user interaction with such system. However, an additional embodiment of the monitoring/tracking/detection system may include additional sensors or devices that proactively monitor and manage the health and well being of a subject under observation within the protected/monitored premises. These additional sensors/devices include collar device sensors, environmental sensors, and action or activity sensors. However, it should be noted that these additional sensors/devices of a monitoring/tracking/detection system may represent one or more components from any single sensor/device category or from any combination of sensor/device categories.
Collar Device Sensors
The collar device itself may include sensing devices for monitoring the health and well being of a subject wearing the collar device. These sensing devices may monitor biological and physiological metrics of a subject wearing the collar device. The sensing devices may also monitor motion and activity parameters of a subject wearing the collar device. The subject may comprise an animal but embodiments are not so limited. Under this embodiment, the collar device includes one or more of the following monitoring/sensing devices:
It should be noted that a collar device is not limited to traditional configurations of a collar. Rather, a collar device may comprise any wearable device that may position sensor devices at various physical locations on the subject wearing the device.
Environmental Sensors
Environmental sensors may be distributed throughout the premises of a monitoring/tracking/detection system. These sensors monitor and detect environmental parameters of a premises. Environmental sensors may include temperature sensors, moisture sensors, humidity sensors, air pressure sensors and/or air quality condition sensors. However, a monitoring/tracking/detection system may clearly incorporate fewer or additional numbers and types of environmental sensors. Such environmental sensors may be directly attached to or incorporated within a beacon. Under this embodiment, environmental sensors are electronically connected to a beacon. Alternatively, environmental sensors may be located in proximity to beacons. Under this embodiment, environmental sensors may be in wired or wireless communication with beacons. Under another embodiment, environmental sensors may be located in a position to detect an overall condition of an environment. Under the embodiments described above, environmental sensors (i) may communicate directly with a collar device or (ii) may communicate with a collar device through an intermediate beacon device. Environmental sensors are Bluetooth enabled under an embodiment and capable of Bluetooth Low Energy protocol communications.
Activity Devices
Activity or action devices may be distributed throughout the premises of a monitoring/tracking/detection system. Under one embodiment, an activity device may be electrically connected to or incorporated within another device. For example, activity devices may represent switches which control the operation or function of yet other devices, e.g. the flow of water in a dispensing device, the management of food volume/type in a food dispensing device, etc. Further, an activity device may represent a switch that monitors thermostat levels. As another example, an activity device may itself comprise a toy or audio playback device. Such devices are Bluetooth enabled under an embodiment and capable of Bluetooth Low Energy protocol communications.
Of course it should be noted that fewer or additional numbers and/or types of collar device sensors, environmental devices and activity devices may be included in the monitoring/tracking/detection system of an embodiment.
Note that
Operation of a “pro-active health and well being” monitoring/tracking/detection system involves the interaction of Bluetooth enabled collar device sensors, environmental sensors and/or activity devices. As indicated above, the collar device itself includes sensors that monitor biological, physiological, and motion parameters of a subject roaming the environment of a monitored premises. The environmental sensors simultaneously monitor and detect the environmental conditions of the premises. Each environmental sensor then periodically transmits such monitored/detected data. Each such environmental sensor may pair (or be associated) directly with a corresponding beacon, i.e. a particular beacon may detect, receive and store data periodically transmitted by an associated environmental sensor data. The beacon may then bundle the received sensor data into its own periodic broadcast transmissions. Recall from the discussion above that beacons and collar devices interact within a premises under a collar defined mode or beacon defined mode. Under a collar defined mode, a beacon periodically transmits an identification number (along with other data). A collar moving within communications range of a beacon receives the transmission and extracts the identification number. The collar device then uses internal data tables to match the identification number with avoidance/interaction functions. Alternatively, the beacon may itself determine the behavior of the collar device, i.e. the beacon may transmit identification and function data to an “in range” collar device. Under either configuration, a beacon may simply incorporate collected environmental sensor data into its periodic transmission such that “in range” collar devices in turn detect environmental sensor data associated with a particular beacon. Alternatively, each environmental sensor may periodically transmit data for detection by any “in range” collar device roaming within the wireless communications network of the overall monitoring/tracking/detection system. Environmental sensor transmissions may under an embodiment include unique identification numbers for use by components of a monitoring/tracking/detection system
Environmental sensors may be associated with particular beacons or may be positioned to monitor an overall environmental condition of a premises. In this manner, environmental sensors may monitor micro-environmental conditions near or with respect to particular beacons or macro-environmental conditions within a premises.
In operation of a “proactive health and well-being” monitoring/tracking/detection system, a collar device collects a wealth of information as it roams throughout the monitored premises. First, the collar device may collect data with respect to avoidance/tracking events (otherwise referred to herein as avoidance/interaction events) triggered by proximity to particular beacons. (Note that avoidance/tracking events and the logging of information related thereto are disclosed in great detail above). Second, the collar device includes one or more sensors for monitoring/tracking/detecting physiological and motion metrics associated with a subject wearing the collar. Third, the collar device detects and receives data from environmental sensors that are (i) distributed throughout the premises and/or (ii) located within a beacon. The collar device may collect and process avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological and motion activity data of a subject wearing the collar), and/or environmental sensor data to determine particular needs. As just one example and as further described below, the combination of avoidance/interaction data, physiological condition data, and/or environmental sensor data may indicate that an animal wearing the collar is not eating or drinking appropriate quantities of food/water.
Based on a determination of need, i.e. the need to induce increased intake of food/water, the collar device may interact with action or activity devices distributed throughout the premises, i.e. the collar device may activate functional changes in activity devices in order to address the need. For example, an activity device may represent Bluetooth enabled switches which control the operation or function of yet other devices. For example, if the collar device determines a need to induce increased intake of water, the collar device may communicate with a Bluetooth enabled switch that toggles a fountain motor of a water bowl. The communication may activate the fountain motor in order to encourage drinking of water. Under this embodiment, the collar device is communicatively coupled to the activity device through the WPAN network described above with respect to
As indicated above, a collar device may collect and process avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological conditions and motion activity of a subject wearing the collar), and environmental sensor data to determine particular needs. It should be noted that a collar device may determine a need using any single type of data, i.e. avoidance/interaction, collar device sensor, and environmental, or using any combination of data types. Once a need is determined, the collar device may determine and direct functional changes of activity devices within the premises of a monitoring/tracking/detecting system. The collar device may exchange data directly with action/activity devices or may communicate with action/activity devices through beacons associated or paired with such activity devices. Accordingly, data collection and analysis may be conducted by a collar device. However, data collection and analysis may also take place at a cloud computing level.
As described above with respect to
As described above, the collar/beacons/smartphone, environmental sensors, and/or activity devices may transmit data to and/or receive data from a cloud computing platform. Under this embodiment, a collar device may collect and forward avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological conditions and/or motion activity of a subject wearing the collar), and/or environmental sensor data. In other words, a collar device may collect and forward such data to a remote application running on a remote computing platform. The remote application may then transmit this data to an application running on a smartphone or other mobile computing platform. The smartphone application may then analyze the data to determine a particular need of a subject wearing the collar device. Once a need is determined, the smartphone application may determine and direct functional changes of activity devices within a premises of a monitoring/tracking/detecting system. The smartphone application may then transmit functional change information to the remote application running on at least one processor of a remote server.
Under one embodiment, the smartphone application determines a need based on any single type of data, i.e. avoidance/interaction, collar device sensor, and environmental, or based on any combination of data types. The smartphone application may present the user an interface alerting the user of any currently identified need. The interface may also recommend a course of action to address the need, i.e. recommend particular action or operation of an activity device to address the need. The user may select or ignore recommend courses of action. The smartphone application may then communicate function change information to the remote computing platform which may then process such information in a manner already described above.
The user may use the smartphone application to configure automated cloud computing platform or collar device responses to identified needs. As already indicated above, a collar device, remote computing platform, or smartphone application may analyze avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data, and/or environmental sensor data. A collar device, remote computing platform, or smartphone application may determine a need using any single type of data, i.e. avoidance/interaction, collar device sensor, and environmental, or using any combination of data types. In other words, a need may comprise any single instance or combination of avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data, and environmental data. The user may use the smartphone application to associate activity device action with defined instances or combinations of avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data, and environmental data. The smartphone application, collar device or remote computing platform may then automatically apply remedies, i.e. activity device action, upon detection/identification of corresponding needs.
The smartphone application may provide the user with remote activity device control. As opposed to automating activity device responses and as opposed to accepting or rejecting activity device recommendations, the user may simply manually control premises activity devices. As already indicated above (and further described in great detail below), the user may be alerted of premises activity, i.e. detected/identified needs, through a smartphone application interface. The user may then manually direct in premises activity devices to perform specific functions or operations in order to address the detected/identified need.
The following disclosure provides Use Case Examples of a “proactive health and well-being” monitoring/tracking/detection system. For purposes of providing the Use Case Examples, assume the collar device includes the following sensors for measuring biological and physiological metrics of a subject wearing the collar device: Heart Rate Sensor, Electrocardiogram Blood Pressure Sensor, Respiration Rate Sensor and Temperature Sensor. Such devices indicate physiological conditions in real time. The collar device may also include an Activity Monitor (e.g. accelerometer and gyroscope) which indicates real time physical activity levels of the subject wearing the collar device. Further with respect to the Use Case Examples described below, assume that environmental sensors are distributed throughout a premises of a monitoring/tracking/detection system. With respect to the examples provided below, environmental sensors include temperature, moisture, humidity, air pressure and/or air quality condition sensors. In addition, activity devices are also distributed throughout the premises. Activity devices may control the function, operation, or performance of additional devices. For example, an activity device may control the level of a thermostat or a dispensing mechanism of a food/water dispenser. As already described in great detail above, a collar device (including collar device sensors), beacons, environmental sensors, and activity devices are communicatively coupled through a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). Under this embodiment, the WPAN enables wireless communications among such devices using Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocols. It should be noted that Use Case Examples may include additional types and numbers of collar sensors, environmental sensors and activity devices as required by the particular example.
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. The collar device may combine a subset of physiological conditions, physical activity levels, environmental sensor data, and/or interaction events (with respect to food and water bowls) to determine if intake requirements are being met. If not, then . . .
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, the collar device may monitor the physical activity sensor to determine if too much or too little physical activity is occurring. If change is needed, then . . .
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, the collar device may monitor the number of avoidance events encountered. If a limit is exceeded, then . . .
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, the collar device may monitor a subset of physiological conditions and physical activity levels to determine if medicine should be introduced. If so, the collar device may cause an automatic dispenser to release medication.
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, a collar device may process data from a water bowl sensor indicating the water bowl level. If the level indicates low levels, then the collar device may communicate with and command a valve to open within the water bowl to refill (i.e. increase) the water level.
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, a collar device may receive/process data from a food dispenser sensor indicating that the food dispenser is in a jammed state. The collar may then report the condition to at least one application running on a remote server, i.e. the cloud computing platform. In turn the cloud computing platform may use general Internet connectivity to forward alerts regarding the condition to a smartphone application. The cloud computing platform may provide such alerts via text message, email, or smartphone application interface. In such manner, a user may remotely monitor the status of the food dispenser.
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, a collar device may process data from a body weight scale. If the weight is above or below an ideal value, then . . .
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, the collar device may process data from a noise monitor sensor within the premises. If the noise level is over a prescribed limit, then . . .
Use Case Example
The collar device receives, monitors and collects avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological condition data and activity level data), and/or environmental sensor data. Accordingly, the collar device may monitor and process data from co-located biological sensors indicating health status. Such sensors may be external to the subject and may monitor biological features of a subject from a distance. The collar may then report the monitored features to at least one application running on a remote server, i.e. the cloud computing platform. In turn the cloud computing platform may use general internet connectivity to forward alerts regarding such features to a smartphone application. The cloud computing platform may provide such alerts via text message, email, or smartphone application interface.
It should be noted that in the Use Case Examples provided above, the collar device analyzes avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data, and environmental sensor data to identify conditions and needs within the monitored premises. The collar device may then communicate with and command activity devices to perform certain functions to address such need or condition. In each Use Case Example, the collar device may then report the conditions, needs, and actions to at least one application running on a remote server, i.e. the cloud computing platform. In turn the cloud computing platform may use general internet connectivity to forward conditions, needs, and actions in the form of alerts or notifications to a smartphone application. The cloud computing platform may provide such alerts or notifications via text message, email, or smartphone application interface. In such manner, a user may remotely monitor the status of a monitoring/tracking/detecting system in real time.
It should be noted that in the Use Case Examples above, the collar device collects and analyzes avoidance/interaction data, collar device sensor data (including physiological conditions of a subject wearing the collar), and environmental sensor data in order to determine needs. The collar device then interacts with action/activity devices to address the need. However, the collar device may simply collect and forward such critical data to a remote application running on a remote computing platform which may then analyze the data to determine a particular need of a subject wearing the collar device. Once a need is determined, the remote application may determine and direct functional changes of activity devices within a premises of a monitoring/tracking/detecting system. The remote application may communicate with a collar device which then transmits function change information to activity devices to trigger actions designed to address the identified need. Further (and as already described above), the smartphone application may itself analyze collar device, environmental, and/or avoidance interaction data to diagnose needs and may itself direct function changes within the premises.
It should be noted that in the disclosure and examples provided above, activity devices generally control operation and performance of certain other devices with the monitored premises. However, such activity devices may themselves function as environmental sensors in the embodiments described above.
The wireless network of
The components of a monitoring/tracking/detection system are described above. Under an embodiment of such system, a beacon located in a home environment periodically transmits data. A Bluetooth enabled receiver, i.e. an RF receiver, may roam within the environment and detect the data when the receiver is in close proximity to the beacon. The data comprises a beacon identification number. The receiver may then perform an action through use of a lookup table to associate a particular beacon identification number with a function. Under an alternative embodiment, the receiver may simply perform a function encoded in the transmitted data itself. In either case, RF beaconing enables the wireless exchange of information.
RF beaconing comprises a method of transferring data from one RF device to another. Under an embodiment the beaconed data is intended for RF receivers in close proximity to the RF beacon transmitter. An example of this is the iBeacon protocol standardized by Apple. This technology enables smartphones, tablets, and other devices to perform actions when in close proximity to an iBeacon. Under one embodiment, a shopper may walk down an aisle of a grocery store with smartphone in hand. A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) receiver in the shopper's phone may pick up iBeacon data being transmitted from store shelves announcing specials on nearby items. The receiver typically monitors its “Received Signal Strength Indicator” (RSSI) to indicate an approximate distance from the beacon which itself positioned near a particular item. If the receiver determines that the shopper is within a certain threshold distance from a particular item, the smartphone may report detected information regarding the item to a user through one or more smartphone applications. The shopper can then scan the nearby shelves for the specific item announced in the special.
The RF receiver may need to know without the intervention of human intelligence the actual range to a beacon, or even discriminate between two nearby beacon transmissions that are received simultaneously. Systems and methods for discriminating between two nearby beacon transmissions that are received simultaneously are described below.
Typically, the actual range from a receiver to a transmitter may be estimated based on the RSSI values on the receive side. The problem is that this value can vary greatly based on antenna orientation, environment, obstructions, receiver proximity to a body, and many other factors. It is possible to mitigate the variances by averaging RSSI values across multiple beacon transmissions. This method serves to reduce, but not eliminate the variances. A functional system takes these RSSI variances into account when determining an expected activation range. For example, it must be understood that an RSSI value may represent a distance of anywhere from 1 meter to 3 meters depending on orientation of a beacon transmitter with respect to a nearby body and position of the RF receiver on the body itself.
This method is acceptable in some use cases, but not all. For example, it may be required that a system only activate upon very close proximity to a beacon; alternatively, it may required that a system determine whether it is very close to a first beacon device when another beacon device is in close proximity. In other words, the first beacon may serve as a location proxy for a first location and the second beacon may serve as a location proxy for a second location. In receiving transmissions from both beacons simultaneously, simple RSSI distance estimation may generate false positive detection events, i.e. false detection of an “at” proximity with respect to one or both locations.
A pet monitoring system provides an example of the problem under one embodiment. In operation of the system, assume that a dog collar includes a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) receiver. Further assume that various products distributed throughout the monitored environment are outfitted with BLE beacons. Each beacon broadcasts data about a corresponding device. Examples of beacon-enabled devices may include under one embodiment:
Some applications of the pet monitoring system only require crude RSSI resolution. As one example, a pet roams the monitored environment of the pet monitoring system and approaches an avoidance beacon buried under the couch cushion. The BLE-enabled pet collar, i.e. receiver, monitors under an embodiment beacon transmissions and associated RSSI levels. When the RSSI level surpasses a designated threshold, a determination is made that the pet has entered a region where a correction is to be applied to encourage the pet to back away. This region does not have to be an exact distance, as long as it is sufficient enough to keep the pet off of the couch cushion.
As the pet, i.e. the BLE enabled pet collar of the pet monitoring system, continues to roam the monitored environment, it may approach an area where a beacon-enabled water bowl and beacon-enabled food bowl reside. Under one embodiment, a pet collar logs duration of proximity to the water bowl, periods of time when the pet wearing the collar is drinking water from a water bowl (i.e. in very close proximity), and duration of proximity to a food bowl, periods of time when the pet wearing the collar is eating from the food bowl (i.e. in very close proximity). This is a very difficult task to perform utilizing RSSI signal levels as the standard of error inherent to RSSI distance estimation blurs the distinction between “near the bowl” and “at the bowl”. If both the water bowl and food bowl are in close proximity to each other, the collar receiver may detect both signals in a closely overlapping region making discrimination between the signal sources impossible. Under an embodiment, the receiver may know that a first transmission is from the food bowl because the transmission includes identification data. Likewise the receiver may know that a second transmission is from the water bowl because the transmission includes identification data. But the receiver cannot discriminate just how close it is to either one meaning that the receiver cannot determine that it is very close to one object but not the other.
RSSI is commonly used for proximity determination between a receiver and advertising beacon. However, RSSI estimations may be affected by positioning, obstructions, environment, and many other factors. Variance in detected RSSI levels may lead to one or more of the following:
Under one embodiment the typical, imprecise Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based proximity determination capability of an RF receiver may be augmented with range-determination technologies. Such technologies may be located within the circuitry of the broadcasting beacons. The range-determination technologies detect environmental data within a range of the beacon. The RF beacon may include information of these data, i.e. conditions, distance determinations, time determinations, occurrences, and environmental phenomena, in the RF beacon's data transmission. The RF receiver may use this information to more precisely calculate the range between the beacon and RF receiver.
Examples of range-determination technologies include under one embodiment one or more of the following:
The RSSI proximity estimate proceeds under one embodiment as follows:
If the distance estimation and/or beacon discrimination based on the RSSI readings is not acceptable for a given application, the RF Beacon circuitry may be enhanced with the addition of one or more presence/ranging technologies capable of detecting the presence and/or range of nearby objects. The RF Beacon may include the results of the detected presence/ranging data in the RF Beacon transmission. The RF Receiver may analyze its range relative to the RF Beacon utilizing both the initial RSSI distance determination and the presence/ranging data included in the RF Beacon transmission. If the enhanced range determination meets the ranging threshold of an RF Receiver application, then the RF Receiver may perform its prescribed action.
Under one embodiment of a pet monitoring system, a pet collar includes an RF Receiver. The receiver communicates with an RF Beacon incorporated into or affixed to a water bowl. The receiver logs close-proximity interactions between a pet wearing the collar and the beacon equipped water bowl.
Once a specified RSSI threshold value is surpassed, the RF Receiver knows that it is close to the water bowl; however, the RSSI distance estimate is not precise enough to establish with confidence that the pet is close enough to be drinking water versus just “nearby” the water bowl. Imprecision in the estimate may be due to one or more of an approach angle of the pet to the water bowl, position of the RF Receiver on the pet's neck, and the position of the RF Beacon on the water bowl. However, it is imperative that the log entry only occur upon very close proximity.
In order to increase the precision of the RSSI proximity estimate, a capacitive sensor is under one embodiment added to the circuitry of the RF Beacon. Upon very close approach of the pet body to the water bowl, the capacitive sensor begins to react. The reaction (sensor data) may be included in the data packet sent out by the RF Beacon. Once the RSSI threshold has been surpassed, AND the sensor data packet from the RF Beacon includes confirmation that a pet body is very nearby, the RF Receiver may confidently log the interaction.
With reference to
Assume that an RF Receiver approaches an RF Beacon equipped trash can. Depending on the position of the RF Receiver on the pet's neck, the approach angle of the pet to the trash can, and the position of the RF Beacon on the trash can, the RSSI value can vary significantly. Once a specified RSSI threshold value is surpassed, the RF Receiver knows that it is close to the trash can, however, not precisely enough to confidently apply a stimulus to the pet to discourage interaction between the pet and trash can.
With reference to
Under one embodiment, RF Receiver/Beacon components interact to provide a product coupon when an in store shopping consumer is directly in front of the product for a given period of time. Under this embodiment, the consumer uses a smartphone that supports RF Receiver capability (likely Bluetooth Low Energy) while the store shelf itself comprises an RF Beacon positioned near the product of interest.
With reference to
Under an embodiment, the RF Beacon of an embodiment includes an ultrasonic ranging sensor 2270. Upon approach of the consumer to the RF Beacon, within the tight field-of-view of the ultrasonic ranging sensor, the ultrasonic ranging sensor 2270 calculates the precise distance between the ultrasonic ranging sensor and consumer and includes this value within the data packet of the advertising RF Beacon. Once the RSSI threshold has been surpassed, and the data packet from the RF Beacon includes the further confirmation that the consumer has been stationary within close range for a sufficient time, an electronic coupon may be sent to the consumer's smartphone.
Under one embodiment, RF Receiver/Beacon components interact to provide a driver vehicle position information relative to an interior wall of a garage. With reference to
However, the RF Receiver detects similar RSSI levels at the first position and the second position. The vehicle RF receiver does not detect RSSI levels precisely enough to confidently establish the vehicle's position within the garage space. It is imperative that the vehicle pull up a fairly precise point to avoid contact with the wall and to allow the garage door to close behind the car.
Under an embodiment, the RF Beacon may include an inductive sensor 2360 within its circuitry. The inductive sensor may detect nearby metal. Upon approach of the metallic vehicle toward the interior garage wall, the inductive sensor 2360 begin to reacts. The reaction data may be included in the data packets transmitted 2370 by the RF Beacon. Once an RSSI level threshold has been surpassed and the corresponding data packets from the RF Beacon include further confirmation of an inductive sensor event, i.e. that the vehicle is within a range of the inductive sensor, the RF receiver may notify the driver that the vehicle is in a proper location. The RF Receiver may cooperate with sound emitting devices to provide the notification. Alternatively, the RF Receiver may cooperate with electronics within the vehicle to provide the notification via audible or visible alerts.
With reference to
A system is described herein that comprises a communications device periodically transmitting a radio frequency signal, wherein the periodically transmitted signal includes data. The system includes a receiver detecting the periodically transmitted signal, the detecting including measuring strength of the periodically transmitted signal, the detecting including using the signal strength to provide a first estimate of the receiver's distance from the communications device. The system includes the communications device including at least one location sensor for determining an additional distance indication, wherein the data includes the additional distance indication. The system includes the receiver performing a function when the first estimate meets at least one criterion and when the additional distance indication indicates a first state.
The data of an embodiment comprises an identification number of the communications device.
The data of an embodiment comprises a type of the communications device.
The data of an embodiment comprises battery level of the communications device.
The data of an embodiment comprises version of firmware running on at least one processor of the communications device.
The data of an embodiment comprises transmit power level of the communications device.
The data of an embodiment comprises the function.
The at least one criterion includes the first estimate being less than a first distance, under an embodiment.
The at least one criterion includes the first estimate being greater than a first distance, under an embodiment.
The at least one criterion includes the first estimate being equal to a first distance, under an embodiment.
A mobile body of an embodiment comprises the receiver.
The mobile body of an embodiment moves within an environment of the communications device.
The detecting the periodically transmitted signal includes under an embodiment the mobile body moving within a detection range of the communications device.
The mobile body of an embodiment comprises an animal, wherein the animal wears the receiver.
The performing the function comprises applying under an embodiment at least one stimulus to the mobile body when the first estimate meets the at least one criterion and when the additional distance indication indicates the first state.
The performing the function comprises under an embodiment logging a time when the first estimate meets the at least one criterion and when the additional distance indication indicates the first state.
The logging the time includes under an embodiment associating the time with identification information of the communications device, wherein the data includes the identification information.
The first state comprises under an embodiment the at least one location sensor detecting distance information relating to distance between the communications device and the receiver.
The detecting the distance information includes under an embodiment using the distance information to confirm a distance between the communications device and the receiver.
The distance is less than the first estimate, under an embodiment.
The distance is greater than the first estimate, under an embodiment.
The distance is equal to the first estimate, under an embodiment.
The at least one location sensor comprises a capacitive sensor, under an embodiment.
The capacitive sensor of an embodiment detects the distance information including a presence of the mobile body that is conductive.
The capacitive sensor of an embodiment detects the distance information including detecting a dielectric of the mobile body that is different from air.
The at least one location sensor of an embodiment comprises an inductive sensor.
The inductive sensor of an embodiment detects the distance information including a presence of the mobile body, wherein the mobile body comprises a metallic object.
The at least one location sensor of an embodiment comprises a passive infrared (PIR) sensor.
The PIR sensor of an embodiment detects the distance information including a presence of the mobile body within the PIR sensor's field of view.
The at least one location sensor of an embodiment comprises a first infrared ranging sensor.
The first infrared ranging sensor of an embodiment detects the distance information including a presence of the mobile body within a second distance from the communications device.
The at least one location sensor of an embodiment comprises a second infrared ranging sensor.
The second infrared ranging sensor of an embodiment detects the distance information including measuring the mobile body's distance from the communications device using two-way ranging.
The at least one location sensor of an embodiment comprises a laser.
The laser of an embodiment detects the distance information including measuring the mobile body's distance from the communications device.
The at least one location sensor of an embodiment comprises an RF receiver.
The RF receiver of an embodiment detects the distance information including a presence of the mobile body that is conductive.
The communications device and the receiver of an embodiment wirelessly communicate through Bluetooth low energy communications protocols.
The measured strength comprises a received signal strength indication, under an embodiment.
The using the signal strength to provide the first estimate includes under an embodiment using a plurality of signal strength measurements to provide the first estimate.
The using a plurality of signal strength measurements includes under an embodiment averaging the plurality of signal strength measurements to provide the first estimate.
The communications device of an embodiment comprises a Bluetooth low energy beacon.
However, the RF Receiver detects similar RSSI levels at the first position and the second position. The RF receiver does not detect RSSI levels precisely enough to confidently establish the cook's location with respect to the hot surface. Under an embodiment, the RF Beacon may include an infrared ranging sensor 2470 within its circuitry. Upon the cook's approach toward the dangerous region, the infrared ranging sensor 2470 will measure the distance from the hot surface to the cook and place the result in the data packet sent out by the RF Beacon. In other words, the infrared ranging sensor data may be included in the data packets transmitted 2480 by the RF Beacon. Once an RSSI level threshold has been surpassed and the corresponding data packets from the RF Beacon include further confirmation of an infrared ranging sensor event, i.e. confirmation that the cook is in the second position or rather within a dangerous range of the infrared ranging sensor, the RF Receiver may notify the cook of danger.
Computer networks suitable for use with the embodiments described herein include local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), Internet, or other connection services and network variations such as the world wide web, the public internet, a private internet, a private computer network, a public network, a mobile network, a cellular network, a value-added network, and the like. Computing devices coupled or connected to the network may be any microprocessor controlled device that permits access to the network, including terminal devices, such as personal computers, workstations, servers, mini computers, main-frame computers, laptop computers, mobile computers, palm top computers, hand held computers, mobile phones, TV set-top boxes, or combinations thereof. The computer network may include one of more LANs, WANs, Internets, and computers. The computers may serve as servers, clients, or a combination thereof.
The systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises can be a component of a single system, multiple systems, and/or geographically separate systems. The systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises can also be a subcomponent or subsystem of a single system, multiple systems, and/or geographically separate systems. The components of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises can be coupled to one or more other components (not shown) of a host system or a system coupled to the host system.
One or more components of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and/or a corresponding interface, system or application to which the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises are coupled or connected includes and/or runs under and/or in association with a processing system. The processing system includes any collection of processor-based devices or computing devices operating together, or components of processing systems or devices, as is known in the art. For example, the processing system can include one or more of a portable computer, portable communication device operating in a communication network, and/or a network server. The portable computer can be any of a number and/or combination of devices selected from among personal computers, personal digital assistants, portable computing devices, and portable communication devices, but is not so limited. The processing system can include components within a larger computer system.
The processing system of an embodiment includes at least one processor and at least one memory device or subsystem. The processing system can also include or be coupled to at least one database. The term “processor” as generally used herein refers to any logic processing unit, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), etc. The processor and memory can be monolithically integrated onto a single chip, distributed among a number of chips or components, and/or provided by some combination of algorithms. The methods described herein can be implemented in one or more of software algorithm(s), programs, firmware, hardware, components, circuitry, in any combination.
The components of any system that include the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises can be located together or in separate locations. Communication paths couple the components and include any medium for communicating or transferring files among the components. The communication paths include wireless connections, wired connections, and hybrid wireless/wired connections. The communication paths also include couplings or connections to networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), proprietary networks, interoffice or backend networks, and the Internet. Furthermore, the communication paths include removable fixed mediums like floppy disks, hard disk drives, and CD-ROM disks, as well as flash RAM, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections, RS-232 connections, telephone lines, buses, and electronic mail messages.
Aspects of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods described herein may be implemented as functionality programmed into any of a variety of circuitry, including programmable logic devices (PLDs), such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable array logic (PAL) devices, electrically programmable logic and memory devices and standard cell-based devices, as well as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Some other possibilities for implementing aspects of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods include: microcontrollers with memory (such as electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM)), embedded microprocessors, firmware, software, etc. Furthermore, aspects of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods may be embodied in microprocessors having software-based circuit emulation, discrete logic (sequential and combinatorial), custom devices, fuzzy (neural) logic, quantum devices, and hybrids of any of the above device types. Of course the underlying device technologies may be provided in a variety of component types, e.g., metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies like complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), bipolar technologies like emitter-coupled logic (ECL), polymer technologies (e.g., silicon-conjugated polymer and metal-conjugated polymer-metal structures), mixed analog and digital, etc.
It should be noted that any system, method, and/or other components disclosed herein may be described using computer aided design tools and expressed (or represented), as data and/or instructions embodied in various computer-readable media, in terms of their behavioral, register transfer, logic component, transistor, layout geometries, and/or other characteristics. Computer-readable media in which such formatted data and/or instructions may be embodied include, but are not limited to, non-volatile storage media in various forms (e.g., optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage media) and carrier waves that may be used to transfer such formatted data and/or instructions through wireless, optical, or wired signaling media or any combination thereof. Examples of transfers of such formatted data and/or instructions by carrier waves include, but are not limited to, transfers (uploads, downloads, e-mail, etc.) over the Internet and/or other computer networks via one or more data transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.). When received within a computer system via one or more computer-readable media, such data and/or instruction-based expressions of the above described components may be processed by a processing entity (e.g., one or more processors) within the computer system in conjunction with execution of one or more other computer programs.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but not limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “hereunder,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the word “or” is used in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the items in the list.
The above description of embodiments of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the systems and methods to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the systems and methods, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. The teachings of the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods provided herein can be applied to other systems and methods, not only for the systems and methods described above.
The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the systems and methods of monitoring a subject in a premises and corresponding systems and methods in light of the above detailed description.
This application is a continuation in part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/880,935, filed Oct. 12, 2015, which is a continuation in part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/741,159, filed Jun. 16, 2015.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2741224 | Putnam | Apr 1956 | A |
| 3182211 | Maratuech et al. | May 1965 | A |
| 3184730 | Irish | May 1965 | A |
| 3500373 | Arthur | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3735757 | Mac Farland | May 1973 | A |
| 4426884 | Polchaninoff | Jan 1984 | A |
| 4783646 | Matsuzaki | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4794402 | Gonda et al. | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4802482 | Gonda et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4947795 | Farkas | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4969418 | Jones | Nov 1990 | A |
| 5054428 | Farkus | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5159580 | Andersen et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5161485 | McDade | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5182032 | Dickie et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5207178 | McDade et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5207179 | Arthur et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5526006 | Akahane et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5559498 | Westrick et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5576972 | Harrison | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5586521 | Kelley | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5601054 | So | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5642690 | Calabrese et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5794569 | Titus et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5815077 | Christiansen | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5844489 | Yarnall, Jr. et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5857433 | Files | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5872516 | Bonge, Jr. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5886669 | Kita | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5923254 | Brune | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5927233 | Mainini et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5933079 | Frink | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5934225 | Williams | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5949350 | Girard et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5957983 | Tominaga | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5982291 | Williams et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6016100 | Boyd | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6019066 | Taylor | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6028531 | Wanderlich | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6047664 | Lyerly | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6067018 | Skelton et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6075443 | Schepps et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6166643 | Janning et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6170439 | Duncan et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6184790 | Gerig | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6196990 | Zicherman | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6204762 | Dering et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6215314 | Frankewich, Jr. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6230031 | Barber | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6230661 | Yarnall, Jr. et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6232880 | Anderson et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6271757 | Touchton et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6327999 | Gerig | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6353390 | Beri et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6360697 | Williams | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6360698 | Stapelfeld et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6404338 | Koslar | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6415742 | Lee et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6426464 | Spellman et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6427079 | Schneider et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6431121 | Mainini et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6431122 | Westrick et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6441778 | Durst et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6459378 | Gerig | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| 6487992 | Hollis | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6561137 | Oakman | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6581546 | Dalland et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6588376 | Groh | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6598563 | Kim et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6600422 | Barry et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6637376 | Lee et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6657544 | Barry et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6668760 | Groh et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6700492 | Touchton et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6747555 | Fellenstein et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6799537 | Liao | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6807720 | Brune et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6820025 | Bachmann et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6825768 | Stapelfeld et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6830012 | Swan | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6833790 | Mejia et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6874447 | Kobett | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6888502 | Beigel et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6901883 | Gillis et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6903682 | Maddox | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6907844 | Crist et al. | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6907883 | Lin | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6921089 | Groh et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6923146 | Korbitz et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6928958 | Crist et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6937647 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6956483 | Schmitt et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6970090 | Sciarra | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 7061385 | Fong et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7079024 | Alarcon | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7114466 | Mayer | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7142167 | Rochelle et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7164354 | Panzer | Jan 2007 | B1 |
| 7173535 | Bach et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7198009 | Crist et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7222589 | Lee, IV et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7249572 | Goetzl et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7275502 | Boyd et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7252051 | Napolez et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7259718 | Patterson et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7267081 | Steinbacher | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7296540 | Boyd | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7319397 | Chung et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7328671 | Kates | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7339474 | Easley et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7382328 | Lee et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7394390 | Gerig | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7395966 | Braiman | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7404379 | Nottingham et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7411492 | Greenberg et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7426906 | Nottingham et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7434541 | Kates | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7443298 | Cole et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7477155 | Bach et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7503285 | Mainini et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7518275 | Suzuki et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7518522 | So et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7538679 | Shanks | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7546817 | Moore | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7552699 | Moore | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7562640 | Lalor | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7565885 | Moore | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7574979 | Nottingham et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7583931 | Eu | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7602302 | Hokuf et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7612668 | Harvey | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7616124 | Paessel et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7656291 | Rochelle et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7667599 | Mainini et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7667607 | Gerig et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7680645 | Li et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7705736 | Kedziora | Apr 2010 | B1 |
| 7710263 | Boyd | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7760137 | Martucci et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7779788 | Moore | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7786876 | Troxler et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7804724 | Way | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7814865 | Tracy et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7828221 | Kwon, II | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7830257 | Hassell | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7834769 | Hinkle et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7841301 | Mainini et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7856947 | Giunta | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7864057 | Milnes et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7868912 | Venetianer et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7900585 | Lee et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7918190 | Belcher et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7944359 | Fong et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7946252 | Lee, IV et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7978078 | Copeland | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7996983 | Lee et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8011327 | Mainini et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8047161 | Moore | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8049630 | Chao Cheng et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8065978 | Duncan et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8069823 | Mainini et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8098164 | Gerig et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8159355 | Gerig et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8185345 | Mainini | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8232909 | Drake et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8240085 | Hill | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8269504 | Gerig | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8274396 | Gurley et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8297233 | Rich et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8342134 | Lee et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8342135 | Peinetti et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8430064 | Groh et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8436735 | Mainini | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8447510 | Fitzpatrick et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8451130 | Mainini | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8456296 | Piltonen et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8483262 | Mainini et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8714113 | Lee, IV et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8715824 | Rawlings et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8736499 | Goetzl et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8779925 | Rich et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8803692 | Goetzl et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8807089 | Brown et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8823513 | Jameson et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8854215 | Ellis | Oct 2014 | B1 |
| 8866605 | Gibson | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8908034 | Bordonaro | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8917172 | Charych | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8947240 | Mainini | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8967085 | Gillis et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9035773 | Petersen et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9125380 | Deutsch | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9131660 | Womble | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9186091 | Mainini et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9204251 | Mendelson | Dec 2015 | B1 |
| 9307745 | Mainini | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 20020010390 | Guice et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020015094 | Kuwano et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020036569 | Martin | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020092481 | Spooner | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020196151 | Troxler | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030035051 | Cho et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030116099 | Kim et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030169207 | Beigel et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030179140 | Patterson et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030218539 | Hight | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20040108939 | Giunta | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040162875 | Brown | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20050000469 | Giunta et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050007251 | Crabtree et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050020279 | Markhovsky et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050035865 | Brennan et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050059909 | Burgess | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050066912 | Korbitz et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050081797 | Laitinen et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050139169 | So et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050145196 | Crist et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050145200 | Napolez et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050172912 | Crist et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050217606 | Lee et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050231353 | DiPoala | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050235924 | Lee, IV et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050263106 | Steinbacher | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050280546 | Ganley et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050288007 | Benco et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060000015 | Duncan | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060011145 | Kates | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060027185 | Troxler et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060092676 | Liptak et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060102101 | Kim | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060112901 | Gomez | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060191491 | Nottingham et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060196445 | Kates | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060197672 | Talamas, Jr. et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060202818 | Greenberg et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20070011339 | Brown | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070103296 | Paessel et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070204803 | Ramsay | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070204804 | Swanson et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070249470 | Niva et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070266959 | Brooks | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20080004539 | Ross | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080017133 | Moore | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080036610 | Hokuf et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080055154 | Martucci et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080055155 | Hensley et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080058670 | Mainini | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080061978 | Huang | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080061990 | Milnes et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080119757 | Winter | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080129457 | Ritter et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080141949 | Taylor | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080143516 | Mock et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080156277 | Mainini et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080163827 | Goetzl | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080168949 | Belcher et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080186167 | Ramachandra | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080186197 | Rochelle et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080236514 | Johnson et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080252527 | Garcia | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080272908 | Boyd | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20090000566 | Kim | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090002188 | Greenberg | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090012355 | Lin | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090020002 | Williams et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090025651 | Lalor | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090031966 | Kates | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090082830 | Folkerts et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090102668 | Thompson et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090224909 | Derrick et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090289785 | Leonard | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090289844 | Palsgrove et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100008011 | Ogram | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100033339 | Gurley et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100047119 | Cressy | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100107985 | O'Hare | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100139576 | Kim et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100154721 | Gerig et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100231391 | Dror et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100238022 | Au et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100315241 | Jow | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20120000431 | Khoshkish | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120006282 | Kates | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120037088 | Altenhofen | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120078139 | Aldridge et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120132151 | Touchton et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120188370 | Bordonaro | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120236688 | Spencer et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120312250 | Jesurum | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130099920 | Song | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130099922 | Lohbihler | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130141237 | Goetzl et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130157564 | Curtis | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130169441 | Wilson | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321159 | Schofield et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140020635 | Sayers | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140053788 | Riddell | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140062695 | Rosen | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140069350 | Riddell | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140120943 | Shima | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140132608 | Mund et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140174376 | Touchton et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140253389 | Beauregard | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140261235 | Rich et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140320347 | Rochelle et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20150040840 | Muetzel et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150053144 | Bianchi et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150075446 | Hu | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150080013 | Venkatraman | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150107531 | Golden | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150163412 | Holley et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150173327 | Gerig | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150199490 | Iancu et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150223013 | Park | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150289111 | Ozkan | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150350848 | Eramian | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160015005 | Brown, Jr. et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160021506 | Bonge, Jr. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160044444 | Rattner | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160094419 | Peacock et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160102879 | Guest et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20180027772 | Gordon et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180094451 | Peter et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 101112181 | Jan 2008 | CN |
| 101937015 | Jan 2011 | CN |
| 02060240 | Feb 2003 | WO |
| 2008085812 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| 2008140992 | Nov 2008 | WO |
| 2009105243 | Aug 2009 | WO |
| 2009106896 | Sep 2009 | WO |
| 2011055004 | May 2011 | WO |
| 2011136816 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2012122607 | Sep 2012 | WO |
| 2015015047 | Feb 2015 | WO |
| 2016204799 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Asif Igbal Baba, Calibrating Time of Flight in Two Way Ranging, Dec. 2011. |
| Form PCT/ISA/220, Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, dated Oct. 23, 2015. |
| Form PCT/ISA/210, International Search Report, dated Oct. 23, 2015. |
| Form PCT/ISA/237, Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, dated Oct. 23, 2015. |
| Extended European Search Report for Application No. EP17180645, dated May 9, 2018, 5 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report for European Application No. 11784149.4 dated Nov. 17, 2017, 7 pages. |
| Extended European Search Report for European Application No. 15735439.0 dated Oct. 18, 2017, 9 pages. |
| European Search Report for European Application No. 17162289.7 dated Aug. 31, 2017, 7 pages. |
| High Tech Products, Inc: “Human Contain Model X-10 Rechargeable Muti-function Electronic Dog Fence Ultra-system”, Internet citation, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:http://web.archive.org/web/20120112221915/http://hightechpet.com/user_Manuals/HC%20X-10_Press.pdf retrieved on Apr. 10, 2017], Apr. 28, 2012, pp. 1-32, XP008184171. |
| International Preliminary Report for Patentability Chapter II for International Application No. PCT/US2014/024875 dated Mar. 12, 2015, 17 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability for Application No. PCT/US2015/043653 dated Dec. 19, 2017, 14 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2014/024875 dated Jun. 27, 2014, 12 pages. |
| International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US2014/020344 dated Jun. 5, 2014, 2 pages. |
| International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US2014/066650 dated Feb. 19, 2015, 3 pages (Outgoing). |
| International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/US2015/010864, Form PCT/ISA/210 dated Apr. 13, 2015, 2 pages. |
| Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and Written Opinion for the International Application No. PCT/US2014/066650 dated Feb. 19, 2015, 1 page. |
| Welch et al., “An Introduction to the Kalman Filter,” Department of Computer Science, Jul. 24, 2006, pp. 1-16. |
| Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2014/066650 dated Feb. 19, 2015, 15 pages(outgoing). |
| Written Opinion of the International Application No. PCT/US2015/010864, Form PCT/ISA/237 dated Apr. 13, 2015, 6 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160366858 A1 | Dec 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14880935 | Oct 2015 | US |
| Child | 15078499 | US | |
| Parent | 14741159 | Jun 2015 | US |
| Child | 14880935 | US |
