The present invention generally relates to the field of wireless LANS. It particularly refers to a method for operating a heterogeneous home networking system which is constituted by a number of wired and/or wireless LANs connected to a backbone infrastructure (e.g. Powerline). E.g. Ethernet and/or wireless cluster can thus be connected via the backbone media.
Traditional wireless home-networking technology is typically deployed in the scope of line-of-sight, infrared, unidirectional, hand-held controller applications, e.g. for remotely controlling video cassette recorders, television sets, home security or alarm systems. Another obvious wireless technology applies to cordless phone systems. However, neither of these systems can definitively be classified as a robust home network element.
The broadest definition of home networking is any technology or service that makes it possible to connect home appliances to each other or automate them. A more specific definition includes linking computers, peripherals and consumer electronic devices used within a user's home to form a connected environment. Home networking has also been described as a collection of elements that process, manage, transport, and store information, enabling the connection and integration of multiple computing, control, monitoring, and communication devices within the user's home.
There are two primary methods for establishing a home network: wired and wireless. Wireless technologies e.g. include Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g), HiperLAN2 and HomeRF (IEEE 802.11). As most homeowners would favor no new cables versus installing new cables, wireless home networking tends to be the most preferred technology. However, it is also the most expensive technology and can be unreliable at times. On the other hand, wired home networking technologies, which, inter alia, include Ethernet, HomePNA (on telephone lines) and HomePlug (powerline communication system), tend to be favored in newly constructed homes since they are generally more reliable and require less expensive components. Many recent periodicals argue HomePNA to be the ideal home networking technology, yet closer examination of each technology's features, components, costs, security, suppliers, advantages and disadvantages indicates this may not be the case, especially with the expansion of broadband technology and the increasing number of multi-computer homes. To understand the proposed idea of the present invention, it is necessary to briefly describe the main features, advantages and drawbacks of commonly used wired and wireless home networking technologies according to the state of the art.
Ethernet, which is based on the IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.5 networking standards, operates at 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps within a range of 150 meters. They can be as simple as two computers with network interface cards interconnected with a cable or as complex as multiple routers, bridges and hubs connecting many diverse network appliances. A 1-Mbps network is suitable for sharing Internet connections and some printing. However, it is not preferred for large file transfers, multi-player gaming or multimedia applications. As demand for voice and data transmission increases, the amount of bandwidth required to convey these signals also increases.
An Ethernet network deploys CAT5 cabling to carry signals between interconnected network components. Data transmission is based on the CSMA/CD protocol, which allows for network devices to automatically sense the activity on the network line, transmit when the path is clear and resend a data packet if a collision with another packet is detected. There are components available which assist with routing data on the network. Network components are typically connected to a hub or switch that controls traffic on the network by passing along the signal. If a user wants to connect all devices on the network without regards to security or access, then he/she can use a peer-to-peer architecture with a hub.
Since an Ethernet home network runs on special cabling and connectors, it is the most secure of all home network technologies. A router can be added between the high-speed modem and the network to “hide” it from the outside Internet. Many home network routers incorporate firewalls that can be configured for added security. Since the network is self-contained, a person would have to physically connect to it in order to get any information.
HomePlug Powerline Alliance (HomePlug) involves running a network over conventional home electrical wiring and works by plugging a gateway adapter into a regular wall outlet. The adapter thereby encrypts the data before transmitting it over the powerlines by using a standard 56-bit DES encryption. A HomePlug network transfers data at a transmission speed between 8 and 14 Mbps and is compatible with other wireless and HomePNA networks. It has the longest range of any home networking technology, which can reach up to 750 meters. Typically, HomePlug networks are able to connect up to 256 devices within a 450 m2 home.
Wireless home network technologies which are in use today include Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g), HiperLAN2, HomeRF, IrDA, and Bluetooth. These technologies are ideal for dedicated purposes such as device communication and control.
However, IrDA requires line of sight, and Bluetooth has a limit range of 10 meters or closer, which makes these technologies unfavorable for a home network infrastructure. Consequently, the following section is only focused on Wi-Fi and HomeRF wireless technologies.
Wi-Fi, which stands for “wireless fidelity”, is the ideal technology for a user who wishes not to install new wires in his/her home. It uses the 2.4-GHz frequency band, the same frequency used by cell and cordless phones, employs a frequency-shift key (FSK) technology known as Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and has a range of 75-120 meters in closed areas and 300 meters in open areas. Depending on the respectively underlying IEEE standard, wireless transmission speeds can vary between 2 Mbps (IEEE 802.11) and 54 Mbps (IEEE 802.11a).
HomeRF was the first practical wireless home networking technology and came out in the mid of 2000. HomeRF stands for Home Radio Frequency, which uses radio frequencies to transmit data over ranges of 22.5 to 37.5 meters. It is the ideal technology for a user that can not afford the costs of the more expensive Wi-Fi components, yet wishes to share files, print services and stream MP3 music within his/her home. HomeRF uses a type of spread spectrum technology which was initially developed by the military. This technology transmits signals using the 2.4-GHz frequency band and employs a frequency-shift key (FSK) technology known as Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). Moreover, HomeRF is based on the Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP)—a hybrid standard developed by IEEE 802.11. SWAP can connect up to 127 network devices and transmits at speeds up to 2 Mbps. HomeRF applies the same frequency band and technology which is used by cellular and cordless phones, yet there is little to no interference. Since most HomeRF networks are peer-to-peer networks, they do not require access points.
Conventional wireless home networking technologies such as Bluetooth or HomeRF, that enable consumers to wirelessly access information from their home network via radio links at any time and anywhere, often suffer from limited bandwidths and face low data throughput and scalability limitations. These limitations become significant as the demand for multimedia home entertainment networks increases. It can be shown that a single coordinating wireless access point is often not enough to cover a typical home network, in particular within solid European houses. Existing solutions covering a whole building hence require an allocation of multiple RF channels, which are a rare resource.
Heterogeneous home networking architectures consisting of different media types (wired, wireless and powerline) are complex systems. These media types typically require different standalone media access control (MAC) layers. Bridging between these media usually takes place at a high layer of the underlying OSI protocol stack (e.g. the TCP/IP layer), which consumes more processing power and decreases the overall throughput.
In view of the explanations mentioned above, it is the primary object of the present invention to propose a method for extending the RF coverage area of a heterogeneous networking system.
Further on, the processing power needed for bridging between different types of media interconnected via said home networking system should be decreased. The overall throughput should be increased.
This object is achieved by means of the features of the independent claims. Advantageous features are defined in the subordinate claims. Further objects and advantages of the invention are apparent in the detailed description which follows.
The proposed approach of the present invention is basically dedicated to a method for extending the RF coverage area of a heterogeneous home networking system which is constituted by a number of wired (e.g. Ethernet) and/or wireless local area networks (WLANs) connected to a backbone that comprises a number of bridges to wired clusters and wireless-to-wired backbone bridges.
In contrast to conventional solutions according to the state of the art, the present invention combines home network media elements of different multimedia data types interconnected by said home networking system on different RF/PHY layers and enables a simple extension of the RF coverage without the need of new frequency resources or any loss of bandwidth.
Further advantages and conceivable applications of the present invention result from the subordinate claims as well as from the following description of one embodiment of the invention as depicted in the following drawings:
a shows an example for a heterogeneous home networking system installed within a building which is constituted by a number of wired and/or wireless LANs connected to a backbone network, the home networking system comprising a number of wired and wireless terminals interconnected via said wired backbone network,
b shows a logical network structure for the home networking system,
In the following, one embodiment of the present invention as depicted in
As depicted in
If the backbone network 106 uses an OFDM technique, multipath reception is constructively overlaid at the receiver as long as the different signals arrive within a defined interval (the so-called guard interval). Therefore, the virtual access point 108 can receive and transmit at different locations (e.g. antennas in different rooms) although the transmitted signals will have different propagation lengths on the backbone media.
Therefore each media using OFDM is preferred for the backbone network according to the present invention. Examples are:
Powerline Communications
Depending on the harmonization between the backbone media and the wireless local area networks 102a,b,c,e, two scenarios for interconnecting distributed wireless terminals (WT1, WT2, WT3, WT4, WTm+1, WTm+2) and wired communication devices (Tm) to a home networking system 100a as depicted in
If the corresponding IF signal of an RF signal to be transmitted or received via an allocated RF transmission channel of a wireless LAN 102a,b,c,e is used on the media of the backbone network 106, a conventional wireless RF transceiver with an analog frontend architecture comprising a modulator/demodulator 204 with a single up-/down-conversion stage 204a and a local oscillator 204b can be used for interconnecting said distributed wireless (WT1, WT2, WT3, WT4, WT5, WTm+1, and WTm+2) and wired terminals (Tm) via the virtual access point 108 to form a home networking system 100a. This solution is e.g. applicable for home networking systems where a Powerline communication system serves as home network backbone 106. In this case, the IF spectrum of an RF signal received via an allocated RF transmission channel of a wireless LAN 102a,b,c,e is used on the mains.
Thereby, the same MAC layer is used for the overall network, which consists of the wireless LANs 102a,b,c,e and the backbone network 106, such that the respective IF signal of an RF signal transmitted via an said RF transmission channel is used on the backbone media and on the respective wireless LANs 102,a,b,c,e.
In case a PHY-layer signal on said RF transmission channel can not properly be mapped to a signal on the backbone network 106, a PHY-layer bridging procedure is proposed. In this scenario, the same MAC layer but different PHY layers are used on the backbone media and on the respective wireless local area network 102a,b,c,e. Thereby, a wireless RF transceiver comprising a PHY-layer conversion stage needed for converting the digital RF signal at the center frequency f1 into the other modulation scheme at the center frequency f2 or vice versa is introduced to guarantee best possible data transmission on both media types. The PHY-layer conversion procedure (S5) thereby comprises the steps of receiving (S5a) an RF signal from a wireless local area network 102a,b,c,e, allocating (S5b) a backbone medium, converting (S5c) the RF signal from one digital modulation to another, and transmitting (S5d) the obtained RF signal via the allocated backbone medium. By contrast, the inverse PHY-layer conversion procedure (S5′) is characterized by the steps of receiving (S5a′) a digital signal from a backbone, allocating (S5b′) a single RF transmission channel of a wireless local area network 102a,b,c,e through a wireless PHY converting stage 112a-e, converting (S5c′) the signal from one modulation scheme to the other and transmitting (S5d′) the obtained RF signal via the allocated RF transmission channel.
Note that both digital modulation schemes may use bands in the RF range rather than converting to the IF range as proposed in the first embodiment.
Independent of the respective scenario, the present invention allows the usage of one common MAC layer that is controlled by a central backbone controller 104 which allows most simple integration of all possible home network media elements. Said backbone network 106 thereby appears to the outside world as a single all-controlling instance. Other media types can be connected to the backbone network 106 by using a special device with a protocol stack having an appropriate convergence layer on top, which acts as a terminal within the backbone network 106.
To explain how the virtual access point 108 can receive and transmit at different locations using the OFDM multiplex technique, the main features of OFDM are now briefly discussed. As depicted in
The present invention uses said feature F0 by extending the Guard Interval for more than one physical layer.
The signal transmitted between a node 1501 and a node 2503 of the first physical layer Phy1 uses at least one transmission path and possibly several transmission paths in case of e.g. a wireless backbone access node. The duration T1 is the maximal delay path of the physical layer Phy1, that means the longest transmission duration, between the node 1501 and the node 2503. Similarly, The duration T2 is the maximal delay path of the second physical layer Phy2 between a node 1502 and a node 2504.
The nodes 2503, 504 of both physical layers Phy1 and Phy2 constitute the PHY-layer conversion stage 505. TP is the delay at the PHY-layer conversion stage 505.
In the case of the embodiment of
If the overall runtime of a signal from the sending node 501 of the first physical layer Phy1 over the physical layer conversion stage 505 to the destination node 502 of the second physical layer Phy2 does not exceed the duration of the Guard Interval of the OFDM signal, i.e. if the following equation is respected:
TGI>T1+TP+T2 (Eq. 1)
then the heterogeneous networking system 100a can be viewed as a common system from the MAC layer point of view.
Thus, although the wired 102d and wireless 102a,b,c,e LANs constituting the network 100a present different OFDM based physical layers, the heterogeneous network 100a is able to use a common MAC layer for all wired 102d and wireless 102a,b,c,e LANs. The conversion of the signal to the common protocol takes place in the wired 109 and wireless 111a,b,c,e backbone access nodes, e.g. in the physical layer conversion stage 505.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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03 018 874.2 | Aug 2003 | EP | regional |
04 010 475.4 | May 2004 | EP | regional |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/EP04/09058 | Aug 2004 | US |
Child | 11357019 | Feb 2006 | US |