Patent Grant
11020346
The present invention relates to a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe to apply a viscous pharmaceutical formulation to a rhinal mucosal membrane.
So far a metered-dose syringe-based squirt has been suggested for application as a rhinal spray nozzle. For example, Patent Document 1 (i.e., WO 2013/145789 A1) discloses the metered-dose syringe squirt which comprises a syringe, a plunger being squeezable within the syringe, an elastic-deformation member being elastically deformable by squeezing the plunger within the syringe, and a stopper which is stopped against the syringe and released by restoring force of the elastic-deformation member, whereby the fluid content filled in the single syringe can be delivered at multiple steps by squeezing and releasing the plunger.
Also, although it is not the syringe-based squirt, an airless spray container (e.g., rhinal spray container) has also been proposed to apply a viscous pharmaceutical formulation to a rhinal mucosal membrane. For example, Patent Document 2 (JP 5185109 B) discloses an upside back-pressure airless spray container being operable to control a spray angle and a spray distribution in a desired range thereof when spraying a gel base material comprising carboxy vinyl polymer which was treated by applying an exogenous shear force.
The airless spray container being capable of delivering a multiple metered-dose formulation has an advantage in containing and storing a plurality of formulation doses therein. However in case where the pharmaceutical formulation is used as a prophylaxis or a therapeutic medication for an infectious disease, most of patients or vaccine recipients feel less comfortable and less sanitary to share the airless spray container with the nozzle inserted within their nasal cavities, which may also cause any other infectious diseases (in-hospital infections).
The present inventors have considered to use the metered-dose syringe squirt of the aforementioned Patent Document 1 for spraying the formulation containing the gel base material comprising carboxy vinyl polymer treated by applying an exogenous shear force. However because the metered-dose syringe squirt has a basic structure different from that of the upside back-pressure airless spray container (especially the spray nozzle thereof) disclosed in the aforementioned Patent Document 2, a particular spray characteristics such as a particle size distribution of formulation, an uniform spray geometry, and a spray angle which is required for a targeted pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation has not been achieved so far.
To address the aforementioned drawbacks, the present inventors has finally made the present invention after finding an optimized shape and configuration of the nozzle of the metered-dose syringe-based squirt for spraying the viscous formulation having pre-described features to the rhinal mucosal membrane.
One of aspects of the present invention is to provide a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe having a tip opening in fluid communication with a syringe barrel for storing a formulation, the rhinal spray nozzle comprises a hollow nozzle body having a tip portion defining a nozzle orifice thereon, a solid packing rod arranged within the nozzle body, and a nozzle chamber defined between the packing rod and the nozzle body to allow a fluid communication between the tip opening and the nozzle orifice, wherein the formulation comprises the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force, and wherein the nozzle orifice has a diameter in a range between 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm.
Preferably, the formulation comprises the gel material containing the viscosity modification agent such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride), a pH buffer solution such as dibasic sodium phosphate hydrate and sodium dihydrogenphosphate, and a neutralizing agent such as L-Arginine and sodium hydroxide, of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
Also preferably the nozzle orifice includes substantially no curved portion, and the tip portion has thickness along an injection direction of the formulation which is in a range between 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm.
Also preferably the nozzle body includes an inner wall having at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape and the packing rod includes an outer wall at least a portion formed in a cylindrical shape having a plurality of circumferentially spaced grooves, the nozzle chamber is defined between the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body and the at least portion of the outer wall of the packing rod, and the packing rod includes a vortex-flow generation member opposed to the tip portion of the nozzle body. The vortex-flow generation member formed so that a flow direction of the formulation from the grooves of the packing rod may be offset to a central axis, thereby to generate a vortex flow of the formulation. Also preferably, the at least portion of the inner wall of the nozzle body is formed to have a cross section perpendicular to the injection direction continuously or step-wisely reducing towards the injection direction.
The gel material preferably has a viscosity of 2500 mPas or less, and more preferably 1000 mPas. Preferably a spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 45 degrees and 60 degrees,
an average particle size of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice is in a range 50 microns and 80 microns. Also preferably, counts of formulation droplets sprayed from the nozzle orifice having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particle.
According to the present invention, it is advantageous to achieve the given spray characteristics (a particle size distribution, an uniform spray geometry, and a spray angle) required to obtain a pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation comprising the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force.
With reference to attached drawings, embodiments of a rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe according to the present invention will be described hereinafter. In the following description, directional terms such as “front, “rear”, “proximal” and “distal” are conveniently used for better understandings, however those terms are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Also, like components are denoted by like reference signs throughout the attached drawings.
[Medical Syringe]
It should be noted that the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention may be applicable to any type of the medical syringes 1 which pump the formulation in the syringe barrel 3 by pushing the plunger rod 5 (and the piston 7), and thus, the present invention will not be limited to the known configurations of the medical syringe. Therefore, the present disclosure will eliminate further description for the detailed structure of the medical syringe (or the metered-dose syringe-based squirt) 1, and discuss in more detail about the structure and the function of the rhinal spray nozzle 10 used for the medical syringe. It should be noted that the disclosure of the aforementioned Patent Document 1 is incorporated herein by reference into the present application.
[Rhinal Spray Nozzle]
As shown in
On the other hand, the solid packing rod 30 to be inserted within the nozzle body 20 has an outer wall 33 having a configuration substantially complementary with an inner wall 23 of the nozzle body 20 (internal space 24). As shown in
Preferably, as illustrated in
Also as illustrated in
Furthermore, as shown in
As illustrated in
[Optimal Spray of Formulation into Nasal Cavity]
In general, when a fluid such as a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) having substantially no viscosity is sprayed towards the inferior nasal concha by means of the medical syringe 1 through the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the above embodiment, the fluid immediately comes out from the nasal cavity or runs out from the uvula pharyngeal portion through the inferior nasal meatus of the patient, because of lack of retention characteristic of the fluid. Thus, in order to keep the sprayed formulation retained on the inferior nasal concha of the patient, the formulation is required to have a predetermined viscosity. Also in general, the viscosity of the formulation is likely reduced during passing through the spray nozzle, and therefore, in order to maintain the desired spray retention characteristic of the formulation, it is necessary to maintain the viscosity thereof not only before being sprayed but also immediately after being sprayed.
Also, besides the spray retention characteristic, appropriate characteristics for an uniform spray geometry, a spray angle, and a particle size distribution (i.e., an average particle size) of the formulation are required when it is applied by the medical syringe 1 using the rhinal spray nozzle 10. In particular, the uniform spray geometry of the formulation is referred to as a characteristic where the sprayed formulation is distributed in a substantially uniform concentration, and is evaluated with a sprayed pattern on a plane arranged perpendicularly to the spraying direction of the formulation injected from the nozzle orifice 21. Thus, the present disclosure evaluates the sprayed pattern as being acceptable (abbreviated as “OK”) with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when having substantially a circular or full-cone shape as illustrated in
The spray angle is referred to as the maximum dispersing angle of the sprayed formulation droplet (which may be referred to as a “formulation particle”), and the present disclosure evaluates the spray angle as being acceptable (abbreviated as “OK”) with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when the formulation falls within a range between 40 to 60 degrees.
Furthermore in general, the formulation particles cannot be delivered to the inferior nasal concha of the patient when being too big, meanwhile they are likely inhaled to the bronchi and/or the lung of the patient upon breathing when being too fine. In either case, the expected therapeutic benefits of the formulation cannot be achieved. Therefore, the present disclosure evaluates the average particle size as being acceptable (abbreviated as “OK”) with the formulation for the rhinal spray nozzle 10 of the present invention when the average particle size falls within a range between 50 to 80 microns and the counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns are 70% or more of the total counts of the particles.
As will be described in detail, several rhinal spray nozzles 10 having different sizes and/or shapes which is used for the medical syringe 1 were prepared to evaluate whether the rhinal spray nozzles 10 are acceptable or not (OK or NG) when spraying various formulations containing the gel base materials, by checking the viscosity and/or viscosity retention rate (or the spray retention characteristic), the spray uniformity (or the spray pattern), the spray angle, and the average particle size of the formulations.
[Preparation of Rhinal Spray Nozzles]
Several rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k capable of being connected to the medical syringe 1 of the aforementioned embodiment were produced, by modifying the diameter (φ) of the nozzle orifice 21 and the thickness (d) of the tip portion 22 along the injection direction of the formulation, and by providing a curved portion or not on the tip portion 22 (yes or no).
[Preparation of Various Formulations Containing Base Material]
Next, various formulations to be sprayed by means of the medical syringe 1 with the aforementioned rhinal spray nozzles 10 were prepared in following prescriptions.
[Base Material A]:
a phosphate buffered saline (Reference example),
[Base Material B]:
a base material obtained by modifying an amount of carboxy vinyl polymer to have a given viscosity,
[Base Material C]:
a base material obtained by adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) to have a given viscosity,
[Base Material D]:
a base material obtained by applying an exogenous shear force to have a given viscosity, and
[Base Material E]:
a base material obtained adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) and by applying an exogenous shear force to have a given viscosity.
With respect to the base materials D and E, the exogenous shear force may be applied in any process, and although not limited thereto, it may be applied by preparing, mixing components of the base material, blending them to be homogeneous, and rotating it at a relatively high speed by means of an intermittent jet stream generation type high-speed emulsification device. Also the base materials so processed may further be heat-treated and sterilized in an atmosphere of high-pressure steam.
An influenza vaccine composition (the formulation comprising the gel base material E4 containing an inactivated whole-virus antigen influenza vaccine) was prepared by mixing a gel base material and a stock solution of an influenza vaccine as follows.
[Evaluation Process]
a) Viscosity/Viscosity Retention Rate
The viscosity of the base material A-E according to the present embodiment is measured by a C-type viscosimeter at 20 degrees C. The viscosity retention rate is referred to the remaining rate of the viscosity of the base material A-E immediately after being sprayed.
b) Spray Uniformity (Spray Pattern)
After filling each of the base materials A-E in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, each of the base materials A-E was sprayed from the respective rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k towards a paper arranged vertically and spaced away from the nozzle orifice 21 by a predetermined distance. For example,
c) Spray Angle
After filling each of the base materials A-E in the medical syringe 1 provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, each of the base materials A-E was sprayed. A high-speed microscope commercially available from Keyence Corporation® (model No. VW-9000) was used to measure the spray angle of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice 21 of each of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k. For example,
d) Average Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution
Also after filling each of the base materials A-E in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, each of the base materials A-E was sprayed by pushing the plunger rod 5 at a predetermined speed (e.g., 80 mm/s). A laser-diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus was used for measuring the particle size of the formulation sprayed from the nozzle orifice 21 of the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k so as to determine the average particle size and the rate or percentage of counts of the particles having the particle size in a range between 10 to 100 microns over the total counts thereof. For example,
After filling the base materials A, B1-B2, C1-C3, D, E1-E4 in the medical syringe 1 (metered-dose syringe-based squirt) provided with various rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k, the test results were obtained as illustrated in Tables 8-10 for:
a) Viscosity (V) and Viscosity Retention Rate (VRR),
b) Spray Pattern (SP),
c) Spray Angle (SA), and
d) Average Particle Size (APS), Particle Size Distribution (PSD), and Percentage of Counts of the particles between 10 to 100 microns (PC).
Similarly,
[Evaluations]
If all of the aforementioned parameters including a) Viscosity (V) and Viscosity Retention Rate (VRR), b) Spray Pattern (SP), c) Spray Angle (SA), and d) Average Particle Size (APS), Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and Percentage of Counts of the particles between 10 to 100 microns (PC) are within the desired range, then the combination of the base material and the rhinal spray nozzle 10 is determined as acceptable (OK) and even one of the parameters is out of the desired range, the combination is determined as unacceptable (NG).
The base material A having very low viscosity as shown in Table 2 and the base materials B1-B2 having low viscosity retention rates as shown in Table 3 are not suitable for the rhinal spray formulation.
The base material C was prepared by adding a viscosity modification agent (sodium chloride) to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa) as shown in Table 4 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity. Also, the base material D was prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2500 mPa) as shown in Table 5 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity. However, the spray pattern of the formulation containing the base materials C and D filled in the medical syringe provided with the rhinal spray nozzles 10a-10k are acceptable only for the rhinal spray nozzles 10d and 10e. Thus, the rhinal spray nozzles 10 achieve the desired spray characteristics only when it is used with the base materials C2 and has the diameter of the nozzle orifice of 0.30 mm and the thickness between 0.13 mm through 0.20 mm.
The base material E was prepared by applying an exogenous shear force to have a predetermined viscosity (e.g., 2400 mPa or 1000 mPa) as shown in Table 6 so that the viscosity retention rate is high and the formulation is likely retained in the nasal cavity. However, the rhinal spray nozzles 10c, 10g having the curved portion on the nozzle orifice 21 of the tip portion 22 failed to achieve the desired spray nozzle, thus several of the base materials E were determined as unacceptable due to failure to achieve the desired spray characteristics. When focusing on the base materials E3 and E4, all of the rhinal spray nozzles 10 achieved the desired spray characteristics when the diameter of the nozzle orifice 21 was 0.3 mm and the thickness d of the tip portion 22 was in a range between 0.13 mm and 0.20 mm.
As described above, the rhinal spray nozzle used for a medical syringe according to the present invention substantially improves the spray uniformity (spray pattern), the spray angle, particle size distribution (an average particle size) in spraying the pharmaceutical formulation such as an endermatic influenza vaccine comprising the gel material containing viscosity modification agent and carboxy vinyl polymer of which viscosity is modified by applying an exogenous shear force so as to improve the retention of the formulation in the nasal cavity of the patient, thereby to achieve higher pharmaceutical benefits of the formulation.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014-130150 | Jun 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/068199 | 6/24/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015/199130 | 12/30/2015 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20170128364 A1 | May 2017 | US |
