Rifamycin derivatives

Abstract

A process for preparing 4-deoxy-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives of the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and acetyl.Compounds of formula I above, wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and acetyl. These compounds possess antimicrobial utility.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The compound of formula I above wherein R is hydrogen and R.sub.1 is acetyl is known as rifamycin P. It is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,683 which also reports its preparation by fermentation of Nocardia Mediterranea strains ATCC 31064, 31065, 31066.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a chemical process for preparing 4-deoxythiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R represents hydrogen or a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and acetyl. Representative members of the above mentioned alkyl chain are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec.-butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 3-ethylpentyl, 2-methylhexyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 2,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, 4-methylheptyl, 3-ethylhexyl, 2,3,4-trimethylpentyl, 3,4-dimethylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentyl, nonyl, 2-methyloctyl, 3-methyl-4-ethylhexyl, 3,3,4-trimethylhexyl, 3,4,5-trimethylhexyl, 4-methyloctyl, 4-ethylheptyl, decyl, 5-methylnonyl, 3-methyl-2-ethylheptyl, 1-methylnonyl, 2,3,5-trimethylheptyl, 3-methyl-4-ethylheptyl, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylhexyl, 4-propylheptyl, 3,3-dimethyloctyl, 4-ethyloctyl and 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylhexyl.

The invention also refers to the compounds of formula I wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and acetyl. The compounds possess antimicrobial utility.

A preferred group of compounds comprises those compounds of formula I wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and acetyl.

A most preferred group of compounds comprises those compounds of formula I wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is acetyl.

The compound of formula I wherein R is hydrogen and R.sub.1 is acetyl corresponds to the natural product defined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,683 as rifamycin P. This microbiologically active metabolite was obtained together with other natural products by fermenting strains of Nocardia Mediterranea identified through the following ATRCC numbers: 31064, 31065 and 31066.

Accordingly, a further scope of the invention is a new and convenient route for preparing the known antibiotic substance rifamycin P.

The process of the invention involves the condensation of rifamycin S (or the corresponding 25-desacetyl derivative) with a suitable thioaminoacid according to the following scheme: ##STR3## In the actual practice, the process of the invention is carried out simply by dissolving a molar proportion of rifamycin S or its 25-desacetyl derivative in a suitable organic solvent, such as, for instance, a lower alkanol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a lower halogenated hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, ethyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and analogs, and adding to this solution an amount of the selected thioaminoacid of formula III corresponding to from about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents over the starting rifamycin of formula II. An amount of a tertiary organic nitrogen containing base corresponding to about 2 molar proportions over the starting rifamycin of formula II can be added to the reaction mixture in order to favor the formation of the desired end compounds.

Suitable amines which can be employed are trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, pycoline, quinoline, isoquinoline and analogs. Though these amines impart to the solution an alkaline pH, it has been found that the reaction course is not affected by the pH of the medium, as good yields of compounds of formula I are obtained also by operating both under neutral or acidic conditions. The reaction mixture is then allowed to stand for from about 2 to about 10 hours at a temperature from between about room temperature and about 50.degree. C. until the investigation by thin layer chromatography shows the disappearance of rifamycin S, the presence of a new spot with a R.sub.f value of 0.8 and the spot due to rifamycin SV with Rf=0.05. The desired end compounds of formula II are finally recovered and purified by means of the usual chemical procedures.

Such procedures comprise the evaporation to dryness of the reaction solution, purification of the residue by column chromatography and final recrystallization from suitable solvents.

As stated above, the compounds of formula I wherein R represents a straight or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which are 4-deoxy-2'-alkyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives and are an object of the present invention, possess antimicrobial utility. More exactly, they display a broad spectrum in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms as well as mycobacteria as it can be seen from the hereinbelow reported table which shows the minimum inhibiting concentrations (MIC) of some representative members of the compounds of the invention. The MIC is expressed as .mu.g/ml.

TABLE (MIC)__________________________________________________________________________Compound of ExampleStrain 1 2 3 4 5 6 8__________________________________________________________________________Staph. Aureus 0.0004 0.00078 0.00078 0.00078 0.00078 0.0012 0.02Staph. Aureus Tour 0.00078 0.0031 0.00156 0.00156 0.001 0.0031 0.1Strept. haemolyticus 0.012 0.0031 0.0031 0.012 0.001 0.012 0.1Strept. faecalis 0.0062 0.0031 0.00156 0.012 0.0062 0.012 0.4Strept. pneumoniae 0.0062 0.0062 0.00078 0.012 0.0062 0.012 0.1Proteus vulgaris 6.25 1.56 3.12 6.25 3.12 3.12 0.78Escherichia coli 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 6.25Kleb. pneumoniae 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 50.0 25 12.5Pseud. aeruginosa 12.5 25.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5Myc. Tub. H.sub.37 R.sub.v 0.31 0.62 0.62 0.31 0.15 1.2 0.6__________________________________________________________________________

The 4-deoxy-2'-alkyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives of the present invention are also effective against rifampicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and possess an outstanding in vivo activity against experimental infection by Staphylococcus aureus when administered both per os and subcutaneously. This in vivo activity, expressed as an ED.sub.50, may vary from about 0.3 to about 1 mg/kg per os and from about 0.1 to about 0.4 mg/kg subcutaneoulsy.

The following Examples further illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

4-Deoxy-2'-ethyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV

(A) To a solution of 7 g. (0.01 mole) of rifamycin S in 1000 ml of ethanol 2.8 g. of triethylamine and 1.5 g (0.0126 mole) of .alpha.-amino-thiobutyric acid were added and the resulting solution was kept at about 36.degree. C. for 3 hours until complete disappearance of rifamycin S (investigation by thin layer chromatography). The reaction mixture was then brought to dryness and the obtained residue, after dissolving in 15 ml of CHCl.sub.3, was chromatographed through silica-gel by eluting with a mixture of chloroform/methanol=99/1 (v/v). The fractions containing the title compound were collected, concentrated to dryness and the obtained residue, after dissolving in ethyl acetate, was poured under agitation into 150 ml of hexane. A precipitate crystallized out which was collected and dried. Yield 2.0 grams. M.p. 160-65.degree. C.

______________________________________Elemental analysis %C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.40 H.sub.50 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 62.64 6.57 3.65 4.18Found 61.76 6.68 3.44 3.96U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________buffer pH7.38 .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup. 1%______________________________________ 410 166 299 329 260 420 225 557______________________________________

(B) The title compound was also prepared by dissolving the above amounts of rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-thiobutyric acid in 1000 ml of methanol and adding 100 ml. of phosphate buffer pH 4.6. The resulting solution is allowed to stand for 9 hours at room temperature. Yield 28%

EXAMPLES 2-8

The following 4-deoxy-2'-alkyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives were prepared substantially as described in Example 1(A), starting from a rifamycin compound of formula II and a suitable thioamino acid of formula III.

EXAMPLE 2

4-Deoxy-2'-methyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV, from, rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-thiopropionic acid. Yield 32%. M.p. 157-60.degree. C. (with decomposition).

______________________________________Elemental analysis %C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.39 H.sub.48 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 62.22 6.42 3.72 4.26Found 61.03 6.36 3.61 4.08U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________buffer pH 7.38 .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup.1%______________________________________ 408 172 297 316 257 419______________________________________

EXAMPLE 3

4-Deoxy-2'-propyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV, from rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-thiovalerianic acid. Yield 26%. M.p. 168-70.degree. C.

______________________________________Elemental analysis % C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.41 H.sub.52 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 63.09 6.66 3.59 4.11Found 62.15 6.66 3.46 3.82U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________Buffer pH 7.38 .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.cm.sup. 1%______________________________________ 404 176 298 353 258 455______________________________________

The title compound was also obtained with a 29% yield according to the procedure outlined in Example 1(B), with the only difference that phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was used instead of phosphate buffer pH 4.6.

EXAMPLE 4

4-Deoxy-2'-isopropyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV, from rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-3-methyl-thiobutyric acid. Yield 28%. M.p. 168-72.degree. C.

______________________________________Elemental analysis % C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.41 H.sub.52 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 63.09 6.66 3.59 4.11Found 62.22 6.72 3.49 4.02U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________buffer pH 7.38 .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup. 1%______________________________________ 410 162.5 299 322.4 260 421 225 544______________________________________

EXAMPLE 5

4-Deoxy-2'-isobutyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV, from rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-4-methyl-thiovalerianic acid. Yield 31%. M.p. 170-75.degree. C.

______________________________________Elemental analysis % C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.42 H.sub.54 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 63.46 6.85 3.52 4.03Found 62.45 7.05 3.88 3.80U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________buffer pH 7.38 .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup. 1%______________________________________ 410 155 299 260 260 398 225 515______________________________________

EXAMPLE 6

4-Deoxy-2'-hexyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV, from rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-thiooctanoic-acid. Yield 27%. M.p. 148-50.degree. C. (decomposition).

______________________________________Elemental analysis % C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.44 H.sub.58 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 64.21 7.10 3.40 3.89Found 63.12 7.31 3.58 3.42U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________buffer pH 7.38 .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup. 1%______________________________________ 410 143 298 278 257 356 225 427______________________________________

EXAMPLE 7

4-Deoxy-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV (rifamycin P), from rifamycin S and .alpha.-aminothioacetic acid. Yield 33%. M.p.: the compound melts above 190.degree. C. with decomposition.

______________________________________Elemental analysis % C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for C.sub.38 H.sub.46 N.sub.2 O.sub.11 S 61.77 6.27 3.79 4.34Found 60.27 6.35 3.68 4.19U.V. and visible absorption bands______________________________________ methanol 0,1 N HCl.lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup.1% .lambda. max (m.mu.) E.sub.1 cm.sup.1%______________________________________408 176 416 175350 shoulder 303 292300 314 231 450268 349228 424______________________________________

Infrared Spectrum The most significant absorption peaks in nujol occur at the following frequencies (cm..sup.-1): 3700-3200 (m, br); 3120-3080 (w); 3000-2850 (vs); 1465 (s); 1380 (br):Nujol; 1725 (m); 1640 (m,br); 1580 (m); 1520 (m); 1325 (m); 1250 (s,br); 1155 (m); 1130 (w); 1070 (m,br); 1045 (w); 975 (m); 950 (m); 920 (w); 880 (m); 805 (w); 760 (w): 730 (w).

The identity with rifamycin P obtained by fermentation was also confirmed by the chromatographic behavior in different solvent systems and by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectromethy.

EXAMPLE 8

25-Desacetyl-4-deoxy-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV, from 25-desacetyl-rifamycin S and .alpha.-amino-thioacetic acid. M.p.: the compound melts above 155.degree. C. with decomposition.

______________________________________Elemental analysis % C % H % N % S______________________________________Calculated for 62.05 6.36 4.02 4.60Found 61.98 6.32 4.04 4.56______________________________________

The U.V. spectrum is practically identical with that of rifamycin P. According to the procedure described in the above Examples the following 4-deoxy-2'-alkylthiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives can be prepared.

______________________________________ ##STR4##R R.sub.1______________________________________1-methylpropyl acetyltert.-butyl "n-pentyl "n-hexyl "2-ethylbutyl "2-methylpentyl "2,2-dimethylbutyl "n-heptyl "n-octyl "n-nonyl "n-decyl "______________________________________

The starting thioaminoacids of formula II were prepared according to the procedure reported by T. Wieland and K. E. Euler in Chem. Ber., 91, 2305, 1958 and R. S. Dewey et al. in Journ. Org. Chem., 36, 49, 1971. The melting points of these thioamino acids are hereinbelow reported

______________________________________ Acid M.p. .degree.C.______________________________________.alpha.-amino-thiobutyric 250.degree. dec..alpha.-amino-thiopropionic 190.degree..alpha.-amino-thiovalerianic 200.degree..alpha.-amino-3-methyl-thiobutyric 300.degree..alpha.-amino-4-methyl-thiovalerianic 265.degree. dec..alpha.-amino-thioctanoic 290.degree. dec..alpha.-amino-thioacetic 160.degree.______________________________________

Claims

1. A process for preparing a 4-deoxy-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV of the following formula ##STR5## wherein R represents hydrogen or a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen or acetyl, which comprises condensing a molar proportion of a rifamycin compound of formula ##STR6## with from about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of a thioaminoacid of formula ##STR7## wherein R and R.sub.1 are defined as above, in the presence of an organic solvent for a time varying from about 2 to about 10 hours, at a temperature comprised between room temperature and about 50.degree. C., and recovering the 4-deoxy-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV as defined in formula I.

2. A process as defined in claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a lower alkanol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

3. A compound of formula ##STR8## wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen or acetyl.

4. A compound as defined in claim 3, wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen or acetyl.

5. A compound as defined in claim 3, wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl chain containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.1 is acetyl.

6. A compound as defined in claim 3, which is 4-deoxy-2'-ethyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV.

7. A compound as defined in claim 3, which is 4-deoxy-2'-methyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV.

8. A compound as in claim 3, which is 4-deoxy-2'-propyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV.

9. A compound as in claim 3, which is 4-deoxy-2'-isopropyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV.

10. A compound as in claim 3, which is 4-deoxy-2'-isobutyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV.

11. A compound as in claim 3, which is 4-deoxy-2'-hexyl-thiazolo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV.